I.
NỘI DUNG KIẾN THỨC VÀ BÀI TẬP TỪ UNIT 1- UNIT 3
Phonetics. ( Ngữ âm)
1. THE ENDING SOUND “ED” CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI :
Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle:
1 “-ed ”pronounced as / id /: khi ed đi sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d gắn với từ toàn dân: Eg: wanted, decided
2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: khi ed đi sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫ , / hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, phụ âm+ s, sh, ch, gh, ce, phụ
âm +s
Gắn với câu: không(k) thèm() chờ(t∫ ) Phương(p) Share(∫,) cơ (ce) sở sản(s) xuất(sh) ghế(gh) sofa.
Eg: asked, stopped, laughed, washed...
3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên.
Eg: moved, played, raised, used,
Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/ với những tính từ và trạng từ sau: aged, allegedly,
beloved, blessed, crabbed, crooked, cursed, dogged, hatred, learned, Markedly, naked, ragged, rugged, sacred,
supposedly, wicked, wretched.
2. . CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S/ES" CUỐI : trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít có 3 cách phát âm
/s/
Khi s đi sau các phụ âm sau ,/ t(tôi)/ /k(không)/,/ (thường) /gh(ghé)/p(phố)f(phường).
Cats
Eg:
/cooks
/
tenths/
laughs,
laps
,
stops/
chiefs/Baths/bæθS/:
Develops /dɪˈveləpS/: Phát triển/ mates/ calculates/ paragraphs, /, chiefs, safes
Hoặc ta có thể học theo mẹo sau: Thời phong kiến fương Tây" (th
/ iz /
)(,p,k,f,t)
Khi es đi sau các âm sau:ce( Cơ)/ s/sS( sở) ∫( siêu) x(xe)/ sh / (ch/ t∫ ʒ,/, /ʤ /, (chở) ge(ge)/z
Eg: chances, sentences/ passes , glasses kisses/ Bruce's washes(ʃ) , Boxes(iz) , Washes /
watches// Churches/ Teaches / oranges/ sandwiches
massages (ʒ ), Garages(ʒ)Solange's((ʒ)./Roses/'roʊzIZ/: / Dishes /'dɪʃIZ/:
/VD
Hoặc ta có thể theo mẹo: Ôi sông xưa zờ chẳng shóng" (o,s,x,z,ch,sh)
glasses
kisses
Bruce's/ mixes/ churches/ teaches
sentences
sentences boxes/classes/garages
Pages(dʒ), stages(dʒ)
bruises(ʒ)/ rises(ʒ)
Khi s đi sau các các âm ( các chữ cái) không thuộc hai loại trên. Eg: bags , kids , days, bamboos
Cars/kɑːrZ/: / Buildings /ˈbɪldɪŋZ
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/z /
/b/
/v/
/ð/
/d/
/g/
/l/
/m/
/n/
/ŋ/
/əu/
/ei/
/eə/
Cubs
Caves
clothes
Beds
Eggs
Hills
rooms
Pens
Rings
potatoes
Days
Hairs
robs
lives
breathes
reads
digs
fills
comes
learns
brings
goes
plays
wears
Bob' s
Olive' s
Smith' s
Donald' s
Peg' s
Daniel's
Tom's
Jane's
King's
Jo's
Clay's
Clare's
Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ:
- Chữ s đọc /z /sau các từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve,
poison..
-Chữ s đọc /'∫/ sau các từ sugar,sure
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
EXERCISE 1: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others
1. A. skims
B. works
C. sits
D. laughs
2. A. fixes
B. pushes
C. misses
D. goes
3.A. washed
B. finished
C. jumped
D. dressed
4.A. puts
B. likes
C. gets
D. caries
5.A. comes
B. walks
C. tries
D. goes
6. A. swims
B. likes
C. thanks
D. sleeps
7. A. steps
B. mates
C. fights
D. stairs
8.A. mouths
B. cloths
C. months
D. paths
9.A. taxed
B. laughed
C. shopped
D. ragged
10.A. garage
B. luggage
C marriage
D. message
11A. bear
B. pear
C. hear
D. share
12.A. lines
B. tanks
C. mamals
D. persons
13.A. journey
B. found
C. south
D. pound
14.A. coped
B. thanked
C. judged
D. washed
15.A. miles
B. sleeps
C. laughs
D. unlocks
16.A. enjoyed
B. laughed
C. wrapped
D. looked
17.A. honest
B. honour
C. heir
D. history
18. A. holds
B. notes
C. replies
D. sings
19.A. keeps
B. gives
C. cleans
D. prepares
20.A. cries
B. buses
C. studies
D. supplies
21.A. holds
B. notes
C. replies
D. sings
22. A. drinks
B. rides
C. travels
D. leaves
23.A. runs
B. fills
C. draws
D. catches
24.A. drops
B. kicks
C. sees
D. hopes
25.A. types
B. knocks
C. changes
D. wants
26.A. calls
B. glasses
C. smiles
D. learns
27.A. schools
B. yards
C. labs
D. seats
29.A. knives
B. trees
C. classes
D. agrees
30.A. buses
B. horses
C. causes
D. ties
31.A. garages
B. boats
C. bikes
D. roofs
32.A. ships
B. roads
C. streets
D. speaks
33.A. beliefs
B. cups
C. plates
D. apples
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34.A. books
B. days
C. songs
35.A. houses
B. knives
C. clauses
36.A. roofs
B. banks
C. hills
37.A. hats
B. tables
C. tests
38.A. gives
B. passes
C. dances
39.A. sees
B. sings
C. meets
40.A. seeks
B. plays
C. gets
II. REPORTED SPEECH ( CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)
Changes in tenses (Thay đổi về thì)
Direct speech
Reported speech
D. erasers
D. changes
D. bats
D. desks
D. finishes
D. needs
D. looks
Hiện tại đơn: S + Vnt/ V-s/es
Quá khứ đơn: S + V-ed/ V2
Hiện tại tiếp diễn:
S + is/ am/ are + V-ing
Quá khứ tiếp diễn:
S + was/ were + V-ing
Hiện tại hoàn thành:
S + have/has + V-ed/ V3
Quá khứ hoàn thành:
S + had + V-ed/ V3
Quá khứ đơn: S + V-ed/ V2
Quá khứ hoàn thành:
S + had + V-ed/ V3
Tương lai đơn: S + will + Vnt
Tương lai trong quá khứ:
S+ would + Vnt
Is/ am/ are going to + Vnt
Was/ were going to + Vnt
Can/ may
Could/ might
Must/ Have to
Had to
Changes in S, O, Adj.P and P.Pronoun (Thay đổi về chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu và đại từ sở hữu)
Đại từ nhân
I => he, she
You => I, we, he, she We => they
xưng (S)
Tân ngữ (O)
Me => him, her You => me, us, him, her
Us => them
Tính từ
sở hữu
(Adj.P)
My => his, her
Our => their
Đại từ
sở hữu
(P.Pr)
Mine => his, hers Yours => mine, ours, his,
hers
Your => my, our, his, her
Ours => theirs
Changes in time, place and demonstrative heads:(Thay đổi về từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm và từ chỉ định)
Direct speech
Reported speech
3
time
place
now
today
tonight
tomorrow
yesterday
last night
ago
next day
here
demonstrative heads this
(Từ chỉ định)
these
then
that day
that night
the next/ following day
the day before/ the previous day
the night before
before
the next day
there
that
those
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG: Change these sentences into reported speech.
1. Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock
”……………………………………...…………………
2. Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week”
…………………………………………….……
3. Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………
4. The teacher said “All the homework have to be done carefully”
…………………………………………….………………………………………………………………
5. Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”
………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………
6. “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter”
………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………
7. She said “I don’t have much time to enjoy my self ”
…………………………………………….………………………………………………………………
8. The boys wanted to know “ Have you finished your essay yet?”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. My English teacher asked me “What are you doing now?”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. They told us “Our friends will get the award for their highest scores”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. He said “I will help you repaint your kitchen next week”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Phong asked me “Can you speak French?”
…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………
13. Her brother told her “You can use my computer today”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Mai said “I can not go to the movies with you, Nam”
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. “Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.The mother asked her daughter
….…………………………………………………………………………….
16. “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan…..………………………………………………………………
17. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
18. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom
……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………
19. “How many school boys are there in your class?” He asked his friend
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20."Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me.
He wanted to know . …………………………………………………
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