Tài liệu tiếng anh ôn thi công chức ngạch cán sự

TÀI LIỆU
ÔN TẬP MÔN TIẾNG ANH
NGẠCH: CÁN SỰ
A. BỐ CỤC
I. PART 1: READING
1. Incomplete sentence
2. Text Completion
3. Reading Comprehension
II. PART 2: WRITING
4. Error Identification
5. Sentence Building
6. Sentence Transformation
B.
HƯỚNG DẪN LÀM BÀI
PART 1: READING
1. Incomplete sentence
Select the answer A, B, C or D which best complete the meaning of the sentence
or explain the meaning of the sentence. -> Thí sinh chọn phương án trả lời đúng
nhất trong bốn phương án.
1. She is studying English. She started to learn it three years ago. She ______ English
for three years.
A. studied
B. had studied
C. has been studying
D. was studying
2. He _____ on his history studies all yesterday morning.
A. used to work
B. had worked
C. was working
D. has worked
3. An operation is usually performed by a ______.

A. doctor
B. scientist
C. surgeon
D. operationer
4. I need some _____ before I can let you cash this cheque.
A. identification
B. accommodation C. questionnaire
D. temperature
5. Did you ask your father _____ some money?
A. get
B. have
C. for
D. after
6. He‟s one of the _____ in the world.
A. busyest men
B. busiest
C. much busy man
D. most busy man
7. You can‟t speak Russian, _____.
A. Either can I
B. Neither can‟t I
C. Neither can I
D. I can‟t neither
8. My sister won‟t get married until she _____ 25 years old.
A. isn‟t
B. is
C. will be
D. has been
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9. We aren‟t rich enough to _____ everywhere by taxi.
A. arrive
B. move
C. travel
D. drive
10. When I was your age, I _____ for the cinema.
A. used to pay 5 p
B. used to paid 5 p
C. use to pay 5 p
D. use to paying 5 p
11. I couldn‟t find your number in the telephone _____.
A. department
B. director
C. directory
D. inquiry
12. Someone _____ to do the work. We should not talk any more.
A. are
B. has
C. have
D. must
13. Mr. Brown invented the machine _____.
A. hisself
B. itself
C. himself
D. Both B & C are correct.
14. At last we decided to give half of the money to Peter and _____ half for ourselves.
A. keep another
B. hold the other
C. keep the other

D. hold another
15. _____ he spoke slowly, I couldn‟t understand him.
A. Since
B. Although
C. If
D. As
16. We arrived _____ the station just in time to catch the train.
A. in
B. at
C. to
D. for
17. You will see him when he _____ here tomorrow.
A. will come
B. has come
C. to come
D. comes
18. There is a _____ shop for tourists at the airport.
A. memory
B. saloon
C. souvenir
D. studio
19. They‟re both good _____ because they type carefully.
A. typists
B. typers
C. typewriters
D. typemen
20. Sorry, John is out. Do you want to _____ a message?
A. leave
B. take
C. get

D. have
2. Text Completion
Choose the best word or phrase for each blank. -> Thí sinh chọn phương án trả
lời đúng nhất trong bốn phương án để hòan thành đoạn văn được cho.
Task 1: Questions 1 through 2 refer to the following advertisement.
Tired 1. _____ your image? Fed up with your hair style? Don‟t want to wear the
A. by
B. of
C. from
D. to
same old clothes again and again? Then you need „Image Over‟. We advise clients
on how to make the most of their appearance. Don‟t want to spend a lot of money
on clothes and make-up? No problem. You don‟t have to be rich to look good. We
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can show you cheap and easy ways to improve your appearance and create a new
look. Call 435-945 to make an appointment. One of our specialists will visit your
home and check your clothes and make-up. Then, the specialist will take you on a
fun shopping trip to 2. _____ you find things to improve your look. Call now and
A. help
B. show
C. make
D. do
start looking great!
Task 2: Questions 1 through 2 refer to the following letter.
Paper & Pens
Fancy Stationery
123 High Street
Wembley

Tel: 400-9945
May 3rd
Dear Mrs. Pemberton,
Thank you for your recent order. I am pleased to inform you that the items you
ordered are now available. Please call the store as soon as you get this letter. We will
hold the items 1. _____ June 3rd. However, if we do not hear from you before then,
A. until
B. yet
C. still
D. since
we have to send them 2. _____ to the supplier. Normally, we hold items for just
A. in return
B. as long as
C. back
D. in front
fourteen days, but since you are a regular customer, we are giving you a special
extension.
Thank you, as always, for shopping at Paper & Pens.
Sincerely,
Cynthia Knowles,
Store manager
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Task 3: Questions 1 through 3 refer to the following advertisement.
Too busy to clean your home? Ashamed to invite people to visit? Then you need
Homework Cleaners. The famous cleaning service is now available in your town.
Our cleaners will march 1. ______ your home and clean it up in no time at all. Our
A. by
B. in

C. into
D. along
cleaners can all be trusted to do a 2. _______ job. Your house will be so clean,
A. good
B. best
C. bad
D. poor
you won‟t recognize it when you come home. We interview all staff very
carefully, so you can feel assured that they will treat your home with respect. And,
3. ______
A. we‟re
B. we
C. your
D. our
prices are unbelievable. So give us a call today on 0334-778-3342 and find out
more.
Task 4: Questions 1 through 3 refer to the following advertisement.
The Best Shoes big sale is now on. We are offering our best ever prices for just
one week. Come find the 1. _____ shoes in town. You know we have the best
quality, the friendliest
A. biggest
B. more
C. cheapest
D. happiest
staff, and the 2. _____ location. So what are you waiting for? Come to Best Shoes
NOW!
A. best convenient
B. most convenient
C. more convenient
D. convenientest

Get a free shoe brush with every pair of shoes you buy. We are located next to the
central post
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office on Main Street. We 3. _____ open from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. every day. See
you soon.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. did
3. Reading Comprehension
Read the passage below carefully and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) for
each question. -> Thí sinh dựa vào đọan văn được cung cấp để chọn phương án trả
lời đúng nhất trong bốn phương án để trả lời các câu hỏi đã cho.
Task 1:
Each nation has many good people who take care of others. For example, some
of high school and college students in the United States often spend many hours as
volunteers in hospitals, orphanages or home for the aged. They read books to the
people in these places, or they just visit them and play games with them or listen to
their problems.
Other young volunteers go and work in the homes of people who are sick or old.
They paint, clean up, or repair their houses, do their shopping or mow their lawns. For
boys who no longer have fathers there is an organization called Big Brothers. College
students and other men take these boys to baseball games or on fishing trips and help
them to get to know things that boys usually learn from their fathers.
Each city has a number of clubs where boys and girls can go to play games or
learn crafts. Some of these clubs show movies or organise short trips to the mountains,
the beaches, museums or other places of interest. Most of these clubs use a lot of high
school and college students as volunteers because they are young enough to remember

the problems of younger boys and girls.
Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who
help to bring happiness to others.
1. Where don‟t high school and college students often do voluntary work?
A. hospitals
B. orphanages
C. homes for the aged
D. clubs
2. What do volunteers usually do to help those who are sick or old in their homes?
A. They mow lawns, do shopping and clean up their houses.
B. They cook, sew or wash their clothes.
C. They tell them stories and sing and dance for them.
D. They take them to baseball games.
3. What do they help the boys whose fathers do not live with them?
A. to get to know things about their fathers
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B. to get to know things that boys want from their fathers
C. to learn things that boys usually learn from their fathers
D. to learn things about their fathers
4. Which activity is not available for the students at the clubs?
A. playing games
B. watching films
C. going to interesting places
D. learning photography
5. Why do they use many high school and college students as volunteers? Because
_____.
A. they have a lot of free time.
B. they can understand the problems of younger boys and girls.

C. they know how to do the work.
D. they are good at playing games and learning crafts.
Task 2:
In the United States, the fall holiday season begins on Thanksgiving Day, the
fourth Thursday in November. Originally a day of thanks for good harvests, it is
celebrated with a big dinner, a turkey being the traditional main course.
Christmas comes on December 25, about a month after Thanksgiving. At
Christmas time, people give each other gifts and send Christmas cards. Children
especially look forward to this season.
New Year‟s Eve, people have gay parties to celebrate the end of the old year
and the beginning of the new. This is the end of the holiday season.
Easter comes in March or April. This is a religious holiday, and it also
celebrates the coming of spring. At Easter, children dye eggs bright colors. They
receive gifts of baskets containing toy rabbits or chickens and candy eggs. On Easter
Sunday, many people go to church. It is also a traditional time for women to buy new
clothes.
On July 4th comes American Independence Day. It is celebrated with
fireworks, picnics and patriotic speeches.
Labor Day comes at the end of summer, on the first Monday in September. On
Labor Day people have their last summer holiday before setting down for the fall and
winter.
1. In the United States, Thanksgiving Day is the first holiday of _____.
A. the year.
B. November.
C. the autumn holiday season.
D. a big dinner.
2. The passage tells us that a very rich meal is served _____.
A. at Christmas.
B. on New Year‟s Eve
C. at Thanksgiving

D. on Thursday.
3. On the last day of the year, people happily get together to celebrate the end of the
year and the coming of _____.
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A. the new one.

B.

American

Independence

Day.
C. spring.
D. the holiday season.
4. In March or April, children celebrate Easter by _____.
A. dyeing eggs bright colors.
B. looking forward to this season.
C. fireworks, picnics and patriotic speeches.
D. toy rabbits.
5. American Independence Day comes in _____.
A. spring.
B. summer.
C. autumn.
D. winter.
Task 3:
One of the most urgent environmental problems in the world today is the
shortage of clean water. Having clean drinking water is a basic human right. But acid

rain, industrial pollution and garbage have made many sources of water undrinkable.
Lakes, reservoirs and even entire seas have become vast pools of poison. Lake Baikal
in Russia is one of the largest lakes in the world. It contains a rich variety of animals
and plants, including 1,300 rare species that do not exist anywhere else in the world.
But they are being destroyed by the massive volumes of industrial effluent which pour
into the lake everyday. Even where law existed, the government did not have the
power to enforce them. Most industries simply ignore the regulations. The
Mediterranean Sea occupies 1% of the world‟s water surface. But it is the dumping
ground for 50% of all marine pollution. Almost 16 countries regularly throw industrial
wastes a few miles off shore.
Water is free to everyone. A few years ago people thought that the supply of
clean water in the world was limitless. Today, many water supplies have been ruined
by pollution and sewage. Clean water is now scarce, and we are at last beginning to
respect this precious source. We should do something now.
1. According to the writer, one environmental problem in the world today is _____.
A. acid rain
B. industrial pollution
C. safe water shortage
D. population explosion
2. Many sources of water are not drinkable because of _____.
A. acid rain
B. industrial pollution
C. garbage
D. all A, B, & C
3. What is a serious problem of Lake Baikal in Russia?
A. It contains a rich variety of animals and plants.
B. It is polluted by massive volumes of industrial wastes discharged into it.
C. It has 1,300 rare species that do not exist anywhere else in the world.
D. The government did not have the power to enforce laws and regulations.
4. How many countries throw industrial wastes into the Mediterranean Sea regularly?

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A. nearly 16
C. exactly 15

B. exactly 16
D. less than 15

5. What is the message to the readers?
A. We should take action to protect our water resources.
B. We should take all water resources into account.
C. We should limit the use of water resources.
D. We should encourage people to use safe water.
PART 2: WRITING
1. Error Identification
Each sentence has a mistake. Identify it by choosing A, B, C or D. -> Trong
phần này, mỗi câu có 1 chỗ sai. Thí sinh chọn phương án tương ứng với chỗ sai
đó.
1. The lift is not working now. It is out in order?
A
B C D
2. Many people were made homeless from the floor.
A
B
C D
3. The boy suffered of a very bad headache.
A
B C
D

4. Is this the right place to catch the bus to the shop center?
A
B
C
D
5. Several people were hurt in the accident but only one has taken to hospital.
A
B
C
D
6. I couldn‟t help be afraid when I was alone in the house.
A B C
D
7. Always to be honest in whatever you do.
A
B C
D
8. The smaller the room, the few furniture it needs.
A
B
C D
9. I think he will join us, don‟t I?
A B C
D
10. If you take a train or a bus, you must pay a fee.
A
B
C
D
2. Sentence Building

Choose the best sentence that can be made from the words given. -> Trong
phần này, thí sinh chọn A, B, C, hoặc D để hòan thành câu dựa vào các từ đã cho.
1. study/ all night/ be/ good/ neither/ grade/ health
A. Study all night is good for neither your grades nor your health.
B. Study all night is good for neither your grades or your health.
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C. Studying all night is good for neither your grades or your health.
D. Studying all night is good for neither your grades nor your health.
2. Family rules / help / raise children / run a household / easier and smoother.
A. Family rules help to raise children but run a household easier and smoother.
B. Family rules help raise children or run a household more easier and smoother.
C. Family rules that help raise children and run a household easier and smoother.
D. Family rules help raise children and run a household easier and smoother.
3. last time/ they/ car/ service/ three months
A. The last time they had their car to service was three months.
B. The last time they had their car service three months ago.
C. The last time they had their car serviced was three months ago.
D. The last time they had their car service was three months ago.
4. I/ invite/ you/ the party/ 6 p.m./ my house.
A. So that I would like to invite you to the party at 6 p.m. at my house.
B. I was invited you to the party at 6 p.m. at my house.
C. I would like to invite you to the party at 6 p.m. at my house.
D. I would like to inviting you at my house at 6 p.m. to the party.
5. It/ was/ such/ difficult/ toy/ the little boy/ not play with.
A. It was such a difficult toy that the little boy couldn‟t play with it.
B. It was such a difficult toy because the little boy could play with it.
C. It was such a difficult toy that the little boy could play with it.
D. It was such a difficult toy so the little boy can play with it.

6. he/ speak/ conference/ surprise/ everyone
A. What he spoke at the conference surprised everyone.
B. What he spoke at the conference was surprised everyone.
C. That he spoke at the conference was surprised everyone.
D. The fact what he spoke at the conference surprised everyone.
7. everyone in my family / do the share / household chores.
A. Everyone in my family has to do the share of household chores.
B. Everyone in my family, they must do the share of household chores.
C. As everyone in my family has to do the share of household chores.
D. To everyone in my family, we have to do our share of household chores.
8. bow / your / a / hand / or / never / both / in / with / pockets / hands.
A. Bow never with a hand or both hands in your pockets.
B. Never bow with a hand or both hands in your pockets.
C. Never bow in your pockets with a hand or both hands.
D. Never bow with a hand in your pockets or both hands.
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9. I think / I / meet your requirements / I / write / apply for the position / Englishspeaking local guide.
A. I think I must meet your requirements so that I am writing to apply for the
position of English-speaking local guide.
B. Because I think I can meet your requirements so I am writing to apply for the
position of English-speaking local guide.
C. I think I can meet your requirements so I am writing to apply for the position of
English-speaking local guide.
D. As I think I can meet your requirements so I am writing to apply for the
position of English-speaking local guide.
10. Vietnamese girls / wear the conical leaf hat / a little umbrella / protect
themselves from sun or rain.
A. Vietnamese girls who wear the conical leaf hat like a little umbrella so that it

protects themselves from sun or rain.
B. Vietnamese girls wear the conical leaf hat such as a little umbrella for
protecting themselves from sun or rain.
C. Vietnamese girls wear the conical leaf hat like a little umbrella to protect
themselves from sun or rain.
D. Vietnamese girls wearing the conical leaf hat as a little umbrella to protect
themselves from sun or rain.
3. Sentence Transformation
Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one. ->
Trong phần này, thí sinh thí sinh chọn A, B, C, hoặc D để tìm câu đồng nghĩa với câu
đã cho nhưng dùng khác cấu trúc câu.
1. During my dinner, the phone rang.
A. While I was having dinner, the phone had rung.
B. While I had dinner, the phone rang.
C. While I was having dinner, the phone rang.
D. While I was having dinner, the phone was ringing
2. "Hello, Mary!" Peter said.
A. Peter said hello Mary.
B. Peter said Mary hello.
C. Peter told Mary hello.
D. Peter greeted Mary.
3. Many people think Steve stole the money.
A. It was not Steve who stole the money.
B. Steve is thought to have stolen the money.
C. Many people think the money is stolen by Steve.
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D. The money is thought to be stolen by Steve.
4. Who often makes people in your class laugh?

A. By whom are people in your class made laugh?
B. By whom are people in your class made to laugh?
C. Whom are people in your class made to laugh?
D. Whom are people in your class made laughing?
5. Peter said if he were me he would stop smoking.
A. I wanted Peter to stop smoking and he promised to do.
B. Peter promised to stop smoking.
C. Peter said he would stop smoking as I wanted him to.
D. Peter advised me to stop smoking.
6. "How beautiful is the dress you have just bought!" Peter said to Mary.
A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress.
B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.
C. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress.
D. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress.
7. I will agree to these conditions provided that they increase my salary.
A. They did not increase my salary so I quit the job.
B. I will only agree these conditions if they give me more money.
C. They give me more money or I will only agree these conditions.
D. Unless they give me more money, I will only agree these conditions.
8. The last time when I saw her was three years ago.
A. I have often seen her for the last three years.
B. About three years ago, I used to meet her.
C. I have not seen her for three years.
D. I saw her three years ago and will never meet her again.
9. I have not seen Tom for ages.
A. It has been a long time since I last saw Tom.
B. Tom and I do not look the same age.
C. Tom and I are friends for a long time.
D. I often met Tom ages ago.
10. If you honor me, I will appreciate it.

A. If I am to be honored, it is to be appreciated.
B. Thank you for your appreciation to honor me.
C. Because of your honor, I will appreciate.
D. You are appreciated to honor me.

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D. TÓM TẮT NHỮNG ĐIỂM NGỮ PHÁP CẦN LƯU Ý
1. Auxiliary Verbs (Trợ động từ):
+ Công thức chung: Aux Verb + Main Verb
1.1. Modal Verb:
a. Công thức: Subject + Modal Verb + bare Inf
b. Các Modal Verbs:
+ will/shall/would
+ can/could
+ may/might
+ should/ought to/had better
+ must
c. Cách dùng.
1.2. Be:
a. Công thức: Be + V_ing / past participle (V3)
b. Hình thức chia:
– Present: am/is/are
– Simple Past: was/were
– Past participle: been
– Future: will be
c. Cách dùng:
– be + V_ing: các thì tiếp diễn
– be + past participle (V3): thể bị động

1.3. Have:
a. Công thức: Have + past participle
b. Hình thức chia:
– Present: have/has
– Past: had
c. Cách dùng: dùng trong các thì hoàn thành.
1.4. Do:
a. Công thức: do + bare Inf
b. Hình thức chia:
– Present: do/does
– Past: did
c. Cách dùng:
– Câu hỏi Yes/No.
– Câu phủ định.
– Câu nhấn mạnh (emphatic “do”).
– Câu hỏi đuôi (tag question).
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1.5. Others:
– be going to + bare Inf
– used to + bare Inf
– have to + bare Inf
– be/get used to + V_ing (phân biệt sự khác nhau giữa “be” và “get”)
– should have + past participle
– could have + past participle
– must have + past participle
2. Tenses (Thì):
2.1. Present:
2.1.1. Simple Present:

a. Công thức.
b. Cách dùng:
– Fact.
– Habit.
– Routine.
– Schedule, timetable.
c. Trạng từ đi kèm:
+ always, usually, often, every day/month/year, every time, seldom, never,
sometimes, from time to time, once in a while, etc.
2.1.2. Present Continuous:
a. Công thức: S + am/is/are + V_ing
b. Cách dùng:
– Something happening at the time of speaking. (Ex: I‟m eating now)
– Something happening around now. (Ex: I‟m studying at Da Nang University)
– An arranged plan (kế hoạch đã được sắp xếp từ trước sẽ thực hiện trong
tương lai gần). (Ex: I‟m going to Hanoi tomorrow)
– always + V_ing: việc gì đó xảy ra nhiều hơn mức có thể chấp nhận được ->
có ý phàn nàn. (Ex: He‟s always getting up late)
c. Trạng từ, định ngữ đi kèm:
+ now, at the moment, for the time being, at present, currently, etc.
2.1.3. Present Perfect:
a. Công thức: S + have/has + past participle
b. Cách dùng:
– Chỉ sự việc đã hoàn thành trước thời điểm hiện tại. (Ex: I have eaten dinner
already)
– Chỉ sự việc kéo dài trong một khoảng thời gian từ quá khứ cho đến hiện tại.
(Ex: I have worked here for 2 years)
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c. Trạng từ đi kèm:
+ just, already, yet, so far, never, always, up to now/present, etc.
2.1.4. Present Perfect Continuous:
a. Công thức: S + have/has been + V_ing
b. Cách dùng:
– Chỉ sự việc vừa mới xảy ra và để lại hậu quả ở hiện tại. (Ex: They are
sweating, and their clothes are dirty. They‟ve been playing football)
– Chỉ sự việc kéo dài trong một khoảng thời gian từ quá khứ cho đến hiện tại,
nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động. (Ex: I‟ve been studying English for 7
years)
c. Từ đi kèm:
+ since, for, so far, until now
2.2. Past:
2.2.1. Simple Past:
a. Công thức: S + Verb (past form)
b. Cách dùng:
– Chỉ sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ (completed time in the past). (Ex: I went
to the movies yesterday)
c. Định ngữ đi kèm:
+ yesterday, n days/weeks/months/years AGO, last week/month/year, etc.
2.2.2. Past Continuous:
a. Công thức: S + was/were + V_ing
b. Cách dùng:
– Hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. (Ex: I was
driving home at 7PM yesterday)
– Thường dùng trong câu diễn tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra (past continuous) và
có 1 hành động chen ngang (simple past). (Ex: She was taking a bath when the
phone rang).
– Dùng để diễn tả hai hành động xảy ra đồng thời trong quá khứ. (Ex: My dad
was reading a newspaper while my mom was making dinner)

c. Định ngữ đi kèm:
+ at (time) yesterday, this time last week/month/year, while, etc.
2.2.3. Past Perfect:
a. Công thức: S + had + past participle
b. Cách dùng:
– Hình thức quá khứ của Present Perfect. (Ex: When he came, we had finished
our dinner)
– Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước một hành động làm mốc trong quá khứ. (Ex:
Yesterday, he had done his homework before he went out with his friends)
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– Chỉ sự việc kéo dài trong một khoảng thời gian tính đến 1 thời điểm mốc
trong quá khứ. (Ex: By last month, he‟d worked at that company for 3 years)
c. Từ nhận diện đi kèm:
+ for, since, by
+ Thường xuất hiện trong câu có “before, after” ở quá khứ.
2.2.4. Past Perfect Continuous:
a. Công thức: S + had been + V_ing
b. Cách dùng:
– Hình thức quá khứ của Present Perfect Continuous.
– Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và để lại hậu quả trong quá khứ. (Ex: They
were sweating, and their clothes were dirty. They‟d been playing football)
– Chỉ sự việc kéo dài trong một khoảng thời gian tính đến 1 thời điểm mốc
trong quá khứ, nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động. (Ex: By last month,
he‟d been working at that company for 3 years)
2.3. Future:
2.3.1. Simple Future:
a. Công thức: S + will + bare Inf
b. Cách dùng:

– Quyết định nhất thời (đưa ra tại thời điểm nói). (Ex: Your bags look heavy.
I‟ll help you carry them)
– Dự đoán tương lai. (Ex: I think she‟ll like the present we bought for her)
* Chú ý phân biệt giữa các cách diễn đạt tương lai:
+ be going to
+ be + V_ing
+ will
+ will be + V_ing
2.3.2. Future Continuous:
a. Công thức: S + will be + V_ing
b. Cách dùng:
– Hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong tương lai. (Ex: I‟ll be
watching an important football match on TV at 8PM tomorrow night)
– Một kế hoạch đã được sắp xếp trước (tương tự với “be + V_ing”). (Ex: I‟ll be
meeting Ann tomorrow)
c. Định ngữ đi kèm:
at (time) tomorrow, this time next week/month/year, etc.
2.3.3. Future Perfect & Future Perfect Continuous:
a. Công thức: S + will be + V_ing
b. Cách dùng:
– Hành động sẽ được hoàn thành trước một thời điểm trong tương tai. (Ex: I‟ll
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have finished my report by 8AM tomorrow)
– Hành động đã diễn ra được một thời gian tính đến một thời điểm trong tương
lai. (Ex: By the end of this month, I‟ll have worked/have been working for this
company for 5 years).
c. Định ngữ đi kèm:
+ by + point of time

3. Phrase & Clauses (Các loại mệnh đề):
3.1. Điều kiện (If):
– Loại 1 (If + S + simple present; S + will + Vo)
– Loại 2 (If + S + past subjunctive; S + would +Vo)
– Loại 3 (If + S+ had +P.P; S + would + have +P.P)
– Đảo ngữ trong mệnh đề điều kiện (should, were, had)
– Unless (If… not…)
– Các từ/cụm từ chỉ điều kiện khác: provided that, on condition that, as long as,
so long as, suppose, supposing, in case, even if, etc.
3.2. Wish, If only (Mệnh đề với Wish/If only):
– S + wish + Clause (simple past / past subjunctive) (ao ước hiện tại)
– S + wish + Clause (past perfect / past perfect subjunctive) (ao ước ở quá khứ)
– If only + Clause (simple past / past subjunctive) (ao ước hiện tại)
– If only + Clause (past perfect / past perfect subjunctive) (ao ước ở quá khứ)
3.3. Purpose (Mục đích):
a. Phrases:
– to Inf
– in order to Inf
– in order for s.o to Inf
– so as (not) to Inf
b. Clauses:
– so that + Clause
– in order that + Clause
3.4. Result (Kết quả):
a. Phrases:
– too… to Inf
– enough + (for + Object) + to Inf
b. Clauses:
– so… that + Clause
– such + (a/an) + Adj + Noun + that + Clause

3.5. Reason (Lý do):
a. Phrases:
– because of + Noun/V_ing
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– owing to + N/V_ing
– due to + N/V_ing
b. Clauses:
– Because/Since/As + Clause
3.6. Concession (Nhượng bộ):
a. Phrases:
– in spite of + N/V_ing
– despite + N/V_ing
b. Clauses:
– Although + Clause
– Even though + Clause
– Though + Clause
– No matter + who/what/when/where/why/how + Adj/Adv + S + V (Ex: No
matter what you say, I always believe her)
– Whatever (+ Noun) + S + V (Ex: Whatever others may say, you‟re certainly
right)
3.7. As if/as though; It’s (about/high) time, Would rather:
– As if/as though + Clause (simple past/past perfect)
– It‟s (about/high) time + Clause (simple past)
– Would rather (that) + Clause (simple past/past perfect)
– S + would rather (not) + bare Inf
3.8. Noun Clause (Mệnh đề danh từ): Mệnh đề phụ có chức năng của
một danh từ.
– That/The fact that + Clause => Noun

– What/When/Where/Who/Which/Whether/How + S + V => Noun
3.9. Relative (Quan hệ):
– Mệnh đề quan hệ thay cho chủ ngữ (who, which)
– Mệnh đề quan hệ thay cho tân ngữ (whom, which)
– Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng “THAT”
– Mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ sở hữu (whose)
– Trạng từ quan hệ WHEN, WHERE, WHY
– Phân loại mệnh đề quan hệ: xác định vs không xác định
– Giới từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ (khi nào có thể đưa giới từ ra trước đại từ
quan hệ, khi nào không thể)
– Dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ (4 dạng)
4. Passive (Bị động)
– be + past participle
5. Infinitives & Gerunds:
– Verb + to Inf
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– Verb + Gerund
– Verb + Inf/Gerund (same meaning) (Ex: begin, start, continue)
– Verb + Inf/Gerund (different meanings) (Ex: remember, try, go on, regret)
– Expression + to Inf: It‟s hard, It‟s easy, It‟s difficult, etc. (Ex: It‟s hard to
remember everything)
– Expression + Gerund: It‟s no use, it‟s no good, there‟s no point, it‟s (not)
worth, etc. (Ex: There‟s no point complaining all the time)
– To Inf làm chủ ngữ/bổ ngữ (Ex: To study hard is every student‟s
responsibility)
– Gerund làm chủ ngữ/bổ ngữ (Ex: My dream is traveling around the world)
6. Participles & Participle Clauses: (Thành lập Adjective từ Verb)
– Present participle: V_ing as Adj (Ex: interesting) -> nghĩa chủ động

– Past participle: V3 as Adj (Ex: interested) -> nghĩa bị động
* Chú ý giới từ đi cùng past participle (Ex: interested IN, surprised BY,
impressed WITH/BY, etc.)
- Present Participle Clause. (Ex: Feeling tired, he went to bed early)
– Past Participle Clause. (Ex: Beaten by the gangsters, he couldn‟t move for a
few days)
7. Diễn tả về số lượng:
– some/any
– most/most of
– many/a large number of/a great number of/a lot of/lots of + plural Noun
– much/a great deal of/a large amount of/plenty of/a lot of/lots of +
Uncountable Noun
– a few/few + plural Noun
– a little/little + Uncountable Noun
8. Subject-Verb Agreement:
– either… or…
– neither… nor…
- not only… but also…
- with
– together with
– along with
– as well as
- and
– both… and…
9. Trật tự của tính từ:
– Number + Quality + Size + Age + Color + Origin + Material + Noun
Ex: a small black plastic bag.
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10. Reported Speech
11. Comparison
11.1. So sánh bằng: S1 + be/verbs +as + adj/adv+ as + S2
11.2. So sánh hơn:
11.2.1. Đối với tính từ / trạng từ ngắn:
S1 + be/verbs + tính từ/trạng từ + ER + THAN + S2
11.2.2. Đối với tính từ/trạng từ dài:
S1 + be/verbs + MORE + tính từ/trạng từ + THAN + S2
11.3. So sánh nhất:
11.3.1. Đối với tính từ / trạng từ ngắn:
S + be/verbs + THE + tính từ/trạng từ + EST
11.3.2. Đối với tính từ/trạng từ dài:
S + be/verbs + THE + MOST + tính từ/trạng từ
12. Prepositions
13. TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO
1. English Grammar in Use, Raymond Murphy, New Edition
2. Practical English Usage, Michael Swan, New Updated
3. A practical English Grammar, A.J.Thomson & A.V.Martinet, Fourth
Edition
4. Bài tập biến đổi câu
5. Các tài liệu luyện kỹ năng đọc; viết.
The End!!!

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