BAI mẫu THAM KHẢO đề IELTS 10112018 IELTS NGOC BACH

BÀI MẪU THAM KHẢO ĐỀ 10/11/2018
BY NGOCBACH
(10/11/2018) Some people think governments should spend money on faster
means of public transport. However, others think money should be spent on
other priorities (such as the environment). Discuss both views and give your
own opinion.

Essay Plan:
 Introduction: refer to the question statement. Own opinion – agree
that other priorities are more important.
 Paragraph 2: it is useful to spend on faster means of public transport
– to reduce the use of cars (1) in cities – park and ride; integrated
transport; light rail systems: Hong Kong (2) fast inter-city trains:
Japan’s bullet trains
 Paragraph 3: agree that other priorities are more important – the
environment (1) global warming and human extinction (2) reduce
pollution – health benefits of clean air and water (3) investment in
renewable energy – reducing carbon footprint
 Conclusion: although it is good to spend of faster public transport,
spending on the environment is a more important priority

Essay:
It is true that some people believe that there should be increased spending by
national and local authorities on a faster public transport network. While this
would provide useful benefits, I agree with those who consider that government
resources should be allocated to more important priorities, especially protection
of the environment.
On the one hand, investment in faster means of public transport would, above
all, encourage a reduction in the use of private cars. In terms of travelling in the
city, traffic grinds to a halt during peak commuting times. Many cities have
reduced this problem by spending public money on park and ride schemes,

integrated transport systems or have followed the example of Hong Kong in
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introducing light rail transit systems. Such steps have speeded up journey times
by easing traffic flow. From a nationwide perspective, faster inter-city rail
services, such as Japan’s famous bullet trains, have also encouraged motorists to
leave their cars at home.
On the other hand, I concur with the view that it is more important for
governments to prioritize expenditure on other areas, particularly the
environment. Firstly, the consequences of an ecological crisis will be farreaching. If global warming continues, for example, humanity faces the
possibility of extinction and no cost is too high for governments to pay in order
to prevent such a catastrophe. Secondly, spending on reducing pollution will
bring benefits for health, especially in cleaner air and water. Finally, by
providing funding for renewable energy, governments will be able to meet their
international obligations to reduce their carbon footprint.
In conclusion, although money should be spent on developing faster public
transport, I believe that public spending on other priorities such as the
environment is more important.
285 words

Vocabulary from government:
 national and local authorities
Meaning: government organisations acting at a national level, or within a
smaller local area.
Example: Tackling crime is a responsibility of both national and local
authorities.
 to allocate resources to

Meaning: to make money and materials available to do something
Example: If governments allocate more resources to improving public
transport, this will reduce the problem of traffic congestion in cities.
 to prioritize expenditure on
Meaning: to put the need to spend money on certain things before others
Example: I believe that it is important to prioritize expenditure on
medical research in order to save lives.
 to provide funding for
Meaning: to give money to enable something to be done
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Example: Providing money for health care must be a priority of
governments.

Vocabulary from transport:
 to grind to a halt
Meaning: to go slower and then stop completely
Example: In my city, Paris, traffic regularly grinds to a halt during the
rush hour.
 commuting times
Meaning: the time when people travel to and from work
Example: Companies should introduce flexible working hours to cut the
commuting times of employees.
 park and ride schemes
Meaning: a system designed to reduce traffic in cities, in which people
park their cars on the edge of the city and then take a special bus or train
direct to the town centre.

Example: A park and ride scheme would be very effective in reducing
the number of cars in city centres.
 an integrated transport system
Meaning: a system of timetables so that bus and train services are
connected and work together successfully.
Example: An integrated transport system would make it convenient for
people to change buses and trains to complete their journeys without long
waiting times.
 a light rail transit system
Meaning: a system of electric trains, like a metro, running on lines in
cities
Example: Many large cities, such as Hong Kong, have had a light rail
transit system for many years.
 to speed up journey times
Meaning: to reduce the amount of time spent travelling
Example: The creation of special bus lanes would speed up journey
times and encourage more people to use bus services.
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 to ease traffic flow
Meaning: to enable traffic to move more easily
Example: Bus lanes help to ease traffic flow in cities.
Vocabulary from the environment:
 an ecological crisis
Meaning: a serious situation that occurs when the environment of a
species or population changes in a way that threatens its survival
Example: Environmental degradation caused by human activity is

provoking an ecological crisis which threatens our existence.
 global warming
Meaning: the process by which the Earth is getting hotter, as a result of
the increase of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere.
Example: Perhaps the major environmental challenge which faces
humanity today is global warming, because it threatens our survival.
 renewable energy
Meaning: energy is renewable when its source, such as the sun or the
wind, cannot be exhausted or can be easily replaced.
Example: Governments should give grants of money to companies which
develop renewable energy, such as making solar panels for buildings.
 carbon footprint
Meaning: a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide that is produced by
the activities of a person, company or nation.
Example: By providing subsidies, governments should encourage
companies to reduce their carbon footprint through energy efficiency or
other ‘green’ measures.

Other vocabulary:
 far-reaching [adjective]:
Meaning: likely to have a lot of influence or many effects
Example: The organisation will make some far-reaching changes, by
totally modernising its structure.
 catastrophe [noun]:
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Meaning: a sudden event that causes many people to suffer

Example: The successful prediction of the earthquake gave an early
warning and prevented a major catastrophe.

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