TỔNG HỢP NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH CƠ BẢN HKII LỚP 10

E 10 – HK2 - GRAMMAR
UNIT 9
1. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
TYPE 1: Điều kiện có thể xảy ra
If clause
S + Vo / Vs/es
Be ( is, am, are)

Main clause
S + will/shall/can/must/have to/has to/ought to/may + Vo

EX: If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach.
If someone phones me, tell them to leave a message.
Áp dụng:
1. If we meet at 9:30, we (have) _________________plenty of time.
2. If you (find) _________________ a skeleton in the cellar, don’t mention it to anyone.
3. If you pass your examination, we (have) _________________a celebration.
4. What (happen) _________________if I press this button?
5. If you go to Paris, where you (stay) _________________?

TYPE 2: Điều kiện không thật ở hiện tại
If clause
Main clause
S + V2/ed
S + would/could/should/might + Vo
To be: Were / weren’t
EX: If it didn’t rain now, we would go to the beach.(e.g It is now raining outside.)
If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle.
Áp dụng:
1. Lisa would find the milk if she (look) _________________ for it in the fridge.
2. I (call) _________________ the office if I were you.

3. I would repair the roof myself if I (have) _________________a long ladder.
4. If you were made redundant, what you (do) _________________?
5. If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) _________________ you.
6.

TYPE 3: Điều kiện không thật ở quá khứ
If clause
S + HAD + V3/ED

Main clause
S + would have/could have/might + have + V3/ed

EX: If
it hadn’t rained yesterday, we would have gone to the beach.(thực tế : It rained heavily yesterday.)
Dịch: nếu hôm qua trời không mưa tôi đã đi biển ( thực tế: trời hôm qua mưa)
If I had known she was ill yesterday, I would have come to visit her.(thực tế: You didn’t know she
was ill yesterday.)
Dịch: nếu tôi biết hôm qua cô ấy ốm, tôi đã đi thăm cô ấy ( thực tế: bạn không biết cô ấy đã bị ốm)

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If he had worked harder, he could have passed the exams. (thực tế: he didn’t work hard.)
Dịch: nếu anh ấy làm việc chăm chỉ hơn, anh ấy đã vượt qua kì thi ( thực tế: anh ấy không làm việc
chăm chỉ)
1. I (bring) _________________ you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.
2. If the story hadn’t been true, the newspaper (not print) _________________ it.
3. If I had known that you couldn’t eat octopus, I (not buy) _________________ it.
4. You (have) _________________ no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
5. If you (wear) _________________ a false beard, nobody would have recognized you.

2. SHOULD ( nên ; đáng lẽ nên) cho lời khuyên
S + SHOULD + Vo ( KĐ)
S + SHOULD + Not + Vo ( PĐ)
(WH,H) + SHOULD + S + Vo ? ( NV)
Ex : You should / should not arrive late
Áp dụng:

1.
2.
3.
4.

____________________(You/park) here. It's not allowed.
What________________ (I/cook) for breakfast this morning?
________________(You/wear) a raincoat. It's raining outside.
Don't leave the beef in the oven for more than one hour.
 You shouldn't leave the beef in the oven for more than one hour.
5. Cut the onions as thin as possible.

6. Don't put in too much salt and chilies.

7. Wait until the water boils before you put the vegetables into it.

8. Heat the oven before you put the beef in.

9. (You/ask/somebody who knows about cars to look at the car for you.)
->
10. (You/not/buy/one simply because it looks beautiful!)
->

11. (You/be/very careful.)

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UNIT 10: CONSERVATION
The passive voice: Câu bị động
I. General rule:
S + V + O

S

II.
III.

+…

+ BE + V3 /-ed …. by + O.
(chia theo thì của câu chính )

Ex: - She usually takes my car.
→ My car is usually taken by her.
- He has sent his son to another school.
→ His son has been sent to another school.
Active  passive:

1
2
3
4

5
6
7

Thì
Hiện tại đơn
Quá khứ đơn
Hiện tại tiếp diễn
Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Hiện tại hoàn thành
Quá khứ hoàn thành
Tuong lai

Chủ động

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Động từ khiếm khuyết be going to

V1/s,es + O
V2/ed + O
am/ is / are + Ving + O
was / were + Ving + O
has / have + V3/ed+ O
had + v3/ed + O
will + V0 + O

/ would/may /
might must + Vo+ O
can / could

Bị động

am / is / are + V3/ed + by+O
was / were + V3/ed +by+O
am/ is /are + being + V3/ed + by+O
was / were + being + V3/ed + by+O
has / have + been + V3/ed + by+O
had + been + v3/ed + by+O
will /
+ be + V3/ed + by+O
(Nguyên mẫu)
be going to
/ would/may / might must + be + V3/ed + by+O
can / could
(Nguyên mẫu)

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Áp dụng :
1. My students will bring the children home.
2. Peter broke this bottle.
3. She gave us more information.
4. Teacher is going to tell a story.
5. Mary is cutting a cake with a sharp knife.
6. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
7. They have to repair the engine of the car.
8. They can’t make tea with cold water.
9. No one had told me about it.

10. They are learning English in the room.

UNIT 12: MUSIC
I. WH QUESTION( who, where, what, which, when , how , why)
1. DÙNG VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ “ TOBE”
WH+ BE +S + COMPLEMENT ?
:BE TUỲ THEO THÌ, COMPLEMENT CÓ THỂ KHÔNG CÓ.
EX: What are you doing?, where is she?, when were we silent?.......
2. DÙNG VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG.
WH + DO, DOES/ DID+ S + Vo?
EX: Where do you go?, What does she study?, When did they begin?......
3. ĐỐI VỚI CÁC THÌ HOÀN THÀNH
WH + HAS, HAVE/ HAD +S +V3/ED?
EX: Why has she gone to school?, What had you eaten?........
4. ĐỐI VỚI “ MODAL VERBS” HAY WILL, SHALL, WOULD, SHOULD( May, can, must, could, might,
ought to, have to là modal vers)
WH + MODAL VERBS + S + VO?
EX: Why must you go?, where may she come?, what can she do?, What will she do?.........
5. HOW

How much + N( không đếm được luôn ở số ít) EX: how much money have you got?
How many +N( đếm được ở số nhiều) EX: how many students are there in your class?
How far: bao xa, how long : bao lâu, how often : mấy lần, thường không, how old : bao nhiêu tuổi……
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Áp dụng:
1. The dictionary is 200,000dong.
2. It took her three hours to finish the composition.
->

3. I need a phone card to phone my parents.
4. It’s about 1,500 km from Hue to Ho Chi Minh City.
->
5. The dress looked very nice.
6. Jill and Joe haven’t been to VN.

II.TO INFINITIVE TO TALK ABOUT PURPOSES( Động từ Nguyên mẫu mục đích):
ÁP Dụng :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

He opened the window.He wanted to let fresh air in.
He studied really hard.He wanted to get better marks.
Jason learns Chinese.His aim is to work in China.
I didn’t want to see them, so I didn’t open the door.
I did not want to hear what they were talking about, which is why I put the music louder.

6. He married her because he wanted to spend the rest of his life with her.
7. I find it necessary to test you on your French, so you must take an exam tomorrow.

8. I put out the central heating because I did not want to waste fuel.

UNIT 13: FILM AND CINEMA
1. ADJ of attitude ( tính từ chì thái độ)
- Một số đông từ khi thêm ing hoặc thên ed dùng như tính từ.
- Các từ này có nghĩa tương tự nhưng cách dùng khác nhau.
 Tính từ tận cùng là ING dùng cho vật có tính chủ động còn ED cho người có tính bị động.

 Cách xác định: khi dùng ING OR ED xác định chủ từ, nếu trong câu có tân ngữ thì ưu tiên tân ngữ
hơn, nếu câu có 2 tân ngữ thì ưu tiên tân ngữ gần nhất.
EX: That movie is interesting.
I am interested in that movie
The movie make me interested.
2. IT WAS NOT UNTIL…… THAT( MÃI ĐẾN KHI)
S+ DIDN’T + Vo +..UNTIL…
IT WAS NOT UNTIL…… THAT + S + V2/ED…

EX: she didn’t get home until 9:00pm

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It was not until 9:00pm that she got home
3. ARTICLES: (mạo từ) mạo từ không xác định” A, AN” và mạo từ xác định “THE”

A. Cách dùng mạo từ không xác định "a" và "an"
Trong bài này chúng ta chỉ học Dùng a hoặc an trước một danh từ số ít đếm được. Chúng có nghĩa là một. Chúng
được dùng trong câu có tính khái quát hoặc đề cập đến một chủ thể lần đầ tiên.
A ball is round. (nghĩa chung, khái quát, chỉ tất cả các quả bóng)
I saw a boy in the street. (chúng ta không biết cậu bé nào, chưa được đề cập trước đó) Mạo từ an được dùng
trước từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm (trong cách phát âm, chứ không phải trong cách viết). Bao gồm:
· Các từ bắt đầu bằng các nguyên âm u, a, e, i, o: an aircraft, an empty glass, an object ( ngoại trừ uni, euro và
môn học)
· Một số từ bắt đầu bằng h câm Ex: An hour, an honey moon, an heir…
· Các từ mở đầu bằng một chữ viết tắt: an S.O.S/an M.P

Cách dùng mạo từ xác định "The”
Dùng the trước một danh từ đã được xác định cụ thể duy nhất và đã được đề cập đến trước đó lần 2 trở

lên.
EX: I saw a boy in the street after that the boy comes to my friend.
The earth is round. (Chỉ có một trái đất, ai cũng biết)










I like....(a/an/the)....blue T-shirt over there better than....(a/an/the)....red one.
Their car does 150 miles....(a/an/the)....hour.
Where's....(a/an/the)....USB drive I lent you last week?
Do you still live in....(a/an/the)....Bristol?
Is your mother working in....(a/an/the)....old office building?
Carol's father works as....(a/an/the)....electrician.
The tomatoes are 99 pence....(a/an/the)....kilo.
What do you usually have for....(a/an/the)....breakfast?
Ben has....(a/an/the)....terrible headache.

 After this tour you have....(a/an/the)....whole afternoon free to explore the city.

UNIT 14: THE WORLD CUP
1. WILL (Simple Future thì tương lai ):
S + WILL+ Vo

Ex: we will mend this car.

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2 Near Future (tương lai gần): be going to
S + IS/AM/ ARE+ GOING TO + Vo
Ex: We are going to have a reception
Diễn đạt một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai gần, thường dùng với các phó từ dưới dạng: In a moment (lát
nữa), at 2 o'clock this afternoon....
Nó chỉ 1 việc chắc chắn sẽ phải xảy ra theo như dự tính cho dù thời gian là tương lai xa.
EX: We are going to take a TOEFL test next year.
3.SO SÁNH GIỮA “ WILL” VÀ “ BE GOING TO”
KHÁC:
+ WILL việc có thể xãy ra hoặc không, quyết định việc lúc đang nói, ex: this chair is broken, will you mend it?
+ WILL Đề nghị, hoặc từ chối, đồng ý, hứa làm việc gì đó, mời mọc, dùng cho câu điều kiện loại 1
EX: I will lend you money( hứa), will you have acup of tea?( mời)…..
+BE GIONG TO : nói dự định chắc chắn trong tương lai, kế hoạch chắc chắn xảy ra
ÁP DỤNG :
1. A: Did you buy chicken?
B: Oh, no! I forgot to buy it. I
to buy some tomorrow. (remember)
2. I completely forget about this. Give me a moment, I...........do it now.
a. will
b. am going
c. is going to
3. Tonight, I......stay home. I've rented a video
a. am going to
b. will
c. a and b
4. I feel dreadful. I............sick

a. am going to be
b. will be
c. a và b
5. If you have any problem, don't worry. I....help you
a. will
b. am going to
c. a và b
6. Where are you going?
a. I am going to see a friend
b. I'll see a friend
c. I went to a friend
7. That's the phone./ I....answer it
a. will
b. am going to
c. a và b
8. Look at those clouds. It....rain now
a. will
b. is going to
c. a và b

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9. Tea or coffee
a. I am going to have tea, please
b. I'll have tea, please
c. I want to drink
10. Thanks for your offer. But I am OK. Shane.........help me
a. is going to
b. will

c. a và b

CẤU TRÚC IT WAS NOT UNTIL VÀ NOT UNTIL
It is/ was not until + mệnh đề thời gian that... + S + V được dùng để nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian hoặc thời
điểm mà một sự việc xảy ra. Khoảng thời gian hoặc thời điểm có thể diễn tả bằng một từ, một cụm từ hoặc một
mệnh đề.
E.x: She didn't get home until 11 p.m
=> It was not until 11 p.m that she got home. (Mãi đến 11 giờ cô ấy mới về nhà)
We didn't know the truth until the book was published.
=> It was not until the book was published that we knew the truth. (Mãi đến khi cuốn sách được xuất bản
chúng tôi mới biết sự thật.)
NOT UNTIL;
Mệnh đề thời gian ( đảo ngữ)
Quá khứ với
trợ động từ
Did + S + Vo
Quá khứ với be
Was/ were S + V ( chỉ
cần đảo be r viết lại )
NOT
UNTIL

Thì hiện tại

Do/ does +S+ V0
-Có be thì chỉ cần đảo
be lên trước chủ ngữ

Mệnh đề sau that

Ví dụ
-The children didn’t do their homework
until their teacher came back.
>Not until did their teacher come back
that the children did their homework

Phủ định chuyển về
khẳng định bằng
-I didn’t know about him until we
cách bỏ didn’t:
were classmates
S + V2 +…..
>Not until were we classmates that
I knew him
-I don’t have to wear uniform until I go
to school.

Phủ định chuyển về > Not until do I go to school that I don’t
have to wear uniform.
khẳng định bằng
cách bỏ trợ động từ
- I don’t stop play until I am tired

> Not until am I tired that I stop play

ÁP DỤNG :

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1. She didn’t become a teacher until 1990.
It was not until……………………………………… ………
2. He didn’t know how to swim until he was 30
It was not until……………………………………… …………
3. They didn’t begin to learn English until 1980.
It was not until……..…………………………………………
4. The boy didn’t do his homework until his father came home.
It was not until……………………………………… ………
5. Hoa hasn’t finished her task until 9 o’clock.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. It didn’t stop raining until an hour ago.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. Nam and his brother couldn’t swim until they were 10.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. I don’t have to wear uniform until I go to school.
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. We didn’t have any part-time job until we entered the university.
…………………………………………………………………………
10.No one cleaned this room until I moved here.
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. He didn’t return to his native village until the war ended.
………………………………………………………………………
12. He was unable to take up the post until early the following year.
………………………………………………………………………

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