Vận dụng học thuyết về hệ thống hai yếu tố của frederic herzberg và maslow vào tạo động lực e

Vận dụng Học thuyết về Hệ thống hai yếu tố của Frederic Herzberg
và Maslow vào tạo động lực
Introduction
There are available theories about working motivations, each theory remain deep
analysis and develop different aspects. Managers need to be flexible to apply these
theories to develop organization, due to develop the Human Resources and
organizational capacities. There chosen 2 of total theories that seem more efficient
application to our organization, Maslow, the Pyramid of Needs and Herzberg the
Motivation and Stability, below:
Part I. WORKING MOTIVATION & PHYSIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT
THEORIES
I. Maslow, Pyramid of Needs, an Overview
Physiologist Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) regarded as the leading of
humanistic psychology. According to Abraham Maslow, human being needs
appropriate in accordance with the hierarchy from low demands to high demands.
Whenever the human being and a group of needs are satisfied, the needs become
equally and form no motivations.
Maslow arranged the hierarchy of Human being needs with the 5 classified,
below:
- Physiological needs
- Safety needs
- Social needs
- Esteem needs
- Self-actualizing needs
1.

Physiological needs:
Physiological needs are the basic needs that sustain human being life, such

as: food, clothing, drinking water, housing, etc. Abraham Maslow reasioned

demands have not been satisfied to the extent necessaries to maintain life, the other
needs will not push people forwardly. The physiological needs are the most basic
needs and most powerful needs that man. In the pyramid, we see that these needs are
classified in the first level: the most vital level. Maslow considered that a higher
level of needs will not upgrade unless these basic needs are met. And these basic
needs will urge human to take actions that basically achieve Human-being
motivations.
2.

Safety needs

Safety needs mentioned about the needs to avoid physical dangers; threats of job
loss, security of private property, etc. It is said that whenever people are met their
demands of physiological needs, when the needs of next upgraded level will be
improve and motivate them to go forward. Meanwhile, the demand for safety and
security will begin to be activated. These safety needs referred to both mental and
physical aspects. Human –being always needs to be safe out of dangers and
unsabilities. These needs become the engine operation in emergency events, and
dangerous cases of life, such as war, natural disasters, etc. For example: as the
Children mental reaction of a sense that occurs when they feel lack of safe security
such as: agitation, crying for their parent rescures, the desire to be comforted as
well. These demands are often confirmed by the desire for stability in life, to live in
the safe security environment, safe legal system of social life, safe shelters to have a
house to live and grow. Therefore, there develop a human behoviors to seek
sheltered supports by religious beliefs, philosophy theory is also due to security
needs, this is the search for emotional security. In addition, social insurance regime
and the regime of retiremental policy as well as social welfares, these targets human
usually reach in their life as motivations of behaviors.
3.

Social needs
Each individual is a member of society, and they require to be accepted as an

important part of society. People always require their interal needs of love and
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belongingnesses. This third upgraded level of human needs clearly show that human
needs communications to develop and to belong to any social organization forms
that to communicate, express thierself and develop their abilities.
This demand is also known as the desired needs of belongingnesses into an
organization or the need for emotions (needs of love). These needs express through
the communication processes such as: searching partners, making friends,
friendships and relationships as well as finding lovers, getting married, joining a
community, taking part in work, going to a picnic camp, joining into a club,
participate in a social group, working team work and a community.
This demand is proven as a trace of the live of herd of our original species
since the dawn of humanity. Although, Maslow classified this demand as the third
after 2 above needs, but he insisted that if this demand is not met for human being
needs, it can cause severe emotional, mental as well as physical damages to human
health and spiritual life. For example: In many recent studies, scientists also reason
that single people often suffer from diseases than couple who live with their
families, such as: of the digestive, nervous, respiratory distress. We also know that:
the loneliness can easily damage to human being life. Many new grown teenages in
this society suiside to leave this world as the reason started from behaviors. They
persuade their reasons that their parents as well as society did not understand their
spiritual, attitudes and behavior facing this developing society, likely that: "The
people around, no one understands me!"
4.

Esteem needs:
According to A.Maslow, when human - being begin to meet to be accepted as

members of society, they tend to ask to be self-esteem and want to be respected by
society. Demands lead to be satisfied these fields, such as: power, prestige, position
and confidence.

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These are the human desires that to receive the recognizations, cares and
respects from those around environment of soiety. In addition, human - being look
forward to be recognized as an "indispensable chain" in the social labor force
system and society. It is clear that being respected means that each individual
expected to become a useful part. Therefore, people motivate to have high position
in society and organization for respect and development.
5.

Self-actualizing needs:
A. Maslow considers this is the highest demands of hierarchy. It is the

highest expectations that human – being always tries to reach during their life.
Releasing human’s potential with maximum targets and certain goals that
accomplish strong motivation urging human in general and work force forward in
their life.
It is the desires and efforts to achieve of each individual life. People find out
themselves needs to motivate working on their interests on completing their job and
satisfied feeling. These arrangements of Human needs from low to high level are
classified. The higher-level needs will be satisfied when the lower-level needs are

met. Thus according to this theory, leaders must pay attentions to the physical needs,
on the basis factors of survivals firstly. And then, when the physical needs are met
that makes gradually increased motivation to complete life, organizational behaviors
and social developments with the higher demands.
II. Frederic Herzberg, Dual Structure Theory
This is a motivational theory based on the elements that make the satisfaction and
dissatisfaction of the people in the job. According to Frederic Herzberg, the theory is
divided into two groups of factors, following:
Motivational factors: It includes factors that create human working
satisfactions, such as: working recognized achievements; individual recognitions,
responsible empowerments; and appointed positions of advancements.
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Hygiene factors: Including the organization's policies, governance, working
conditions, human social relations, financial safety, social welfares and wages.
According to Frederic Herzberg, the maintenance factors is not the driving
force factors, it is characterized by the conditional factor. Therefore, If they exist in
a work environment with a number of high quality and they do not lead to
satisfactory but does not have the effect of promoting or bring satisfaction.
However, without the existence of them will lead to dissatisfaction.
According to motivate your employees at work should emphasize the
motivating factor. Although still limited, Herzberg's theory is also important in
motivating employees. From this theory helps managers to pay more attention to
both factors, a combination of two factors to motivate employees.
III. The relatioships between two theories.
Based on the supporting ideas above, the relatioships between two theories
Maslow‘s theory and Herzberg’s theory (Theory and Motivation Maslow's Needs
and two-factor theory of Herzberg) relationship that can be represented by the
following diagram:

Motivation of needs
Bahaviors
Motivative targets

Maslow pointed out in each individual of human being has needs that divided
into five levels from low to high. Whereas, Herzberg stressed two factors that
motivation and maintainance.

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When people have already satisfied this element, they will apgrade higher
demands demand than before. However, to satisfy the demands, then a question is
still to maintain previous demands. When the goals that human set out to meet
higher demands, their needs and motivations associated with goals that they set will
constitute their behaviors. So if in any enterprises, policies that ensure good
employees will stimulate workers eager to work. Their behaviors will have positive
impacts on the operations of enterprises. On the other hand, if the regime's policies
without discussions, enterprises will meet the demands for workers will not be able
to stimulate their enthusiasm to work.
. Maslow's theory has been widely recognized, especially in management and
administration areas. It is accepted because of the logical ideas and the refference
which people can use their vision and experience to understand. Maslow's hierarchy
of needs system used to be applied by many managers as a guiding tool to motivate
employees in organization to motivate employee’s organizational behaviors.
However, Maslow's theory, there are still some limitations. This theory is
only applied for the Western countries, the countries that thier traditional views of
the needs always change. This requires managers to know what needs to satisfy
As for Frederic Herzberg theory studies showed that besides the physical

benefits such as salaries, bonuses are also a variety of other factors motivate
employees as a promotion, work itself, achievement, shall all have a direct impact
on the labor force. When employees feel good with their job satisfactions, their
responsibility for the organization they will be responsible for working with the
enthusiastic fervor and more efficient to be more respected.
PART 2. APPLICATIONS WITH THE ORGANIZTIONS
1. Hai An, People’s Committee, an overview:
I'm working in Hai An District, a new district was established over 9 years
under Decree No. 106/ND-CP dated 20/12/2012 of the Government on the basis of
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the adjustment of administrative boundaries five former communes of Nam Hai,
Trang Cat Dang Hai, Dang Lam, Dong Hai Ngo Quyen and Cat Bi ward with area
10.492ha; population of almost 80,000 people. Hai An district is the urban
expansion area of Hai Phong city center on the southeast; district is the city's only
fully converged traffic types such as: sea port, airport Cat Bi, rail, road, river... With
these natural features, convenient transportation, Hai An favorable conditions for the
development of modern urban development, synchronization, the key is to build and
seaport development; industrial, commercial; tourism, marine services and
economic exploitation. At the same time the strategic position on national security
and defense of the southeast of city.
As a newly formed district, besides the advantages, Hai An District is facing
many difficulties, such as: the poor initial infrastructure and lack of infrastructure of
business developing, with office bases for work and economic life; the intellectual
in general still low, compared to other districts in the inner city; staff’s weaknesses,
employed from many places and many local units in the city, mostly young staffs
and lack of qualified, enthusiastic in working, still lack economic working practices
and experiences. These factors affect the leadership, direction and implementation
of the political tasks of the unit. Besides, the advantages and difficulties of newly

Hai An District, in general, the Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social
Affairs, where I work facing advantages and disadvantages, in particular; specificly
below:
-

Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs was established by

Decree No. 14/ND-CP in 2008 by the Government on the basis of separate rooms of
the Interior - Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs in room Interior and Labor,
Invalids and Social Affairs and additional functions tasks on the work of children,
gender equality work from Population Planning Committee of Children Care and
Women managed by Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs.
-

Department, the following functions:

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+ As same as a specialized agency of the district People's Committee, to advise
the District's People's Committee fulfill state management function in the field of
labor and employment, social work and perform a number of tasks and powers
under the authorization of the district People's Committee and in accordance with
the law.
+ Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs has legal status, seal and accounts, subject
to the direction and management of the organization, staffing and the work of the
People's Committees of districts; same time to the direct guidance test inspect the
professional services of the Department of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs of the
city.
+ There is duty to advise the District's People's Committee fulfill state

management function in the areas of labor and employment: vocational training,
salaries, wages, social insurance, unemployment insurance, labor safety; devotees
policy , social protection, education and protection of child care; social evils
prevention, gender equality.
* Organization: Department consists of 12 officers. Including 01 chief, two
deputy heads and 9 officers; professional duty separated into parts: the policy
department; social protection department; department of social evils; department
care and protection of children and gender equality; and part-treasurer accounting.
* Advantages:
- Department is interested in leading, directing, facilitating vertical superiors
by County Commissioner - District People's Committee; close coordination with the
effect of localities, departments and units; Collective solidarity and consensus.
- Staff is young with benefits of qualified certifications, enthusiastic in
working forwards.
- Clear responsible duty of each department in the agency from Government.
* Disadvantages:

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- Facing difficulties and limitations exist in the motivation to work in the unit,
in general.
- Facing the working volume and management: a large volume of work a lot, a
large number of managed objects, manage of more than 30,000 people.
- Employee problems: Personnel working in most of the young, the 100%
level from college, university or higher. But experience is not much work
challenges; some professional training from real job is not suitable (eg economics,
business management, etc.) to do social work, having a lot of difficulty towel should
be trained and retrained to suit assigned tasks and duties of a unit of work
requirements; in a few officials in the quality of the unit is limited, leading to

excitement work; the enthusiasm of the staff is not high because of a department of
Governmental Office that prevent employees from challenges and motivations.
Therefore, employee working attitude and behaviors like day by day working. For
these workers, they need to deal with work and tasks are completed to match; meet
the requirements of the assigned tasks and more challenges of working to satisfy
other fields of life experience not only a position of working and getting salary in
time.
- Due to the implementation of stipulated officials as in the old mechanism to
move a new one, with cases how to adapt to the new working environment.
Therefore, there need to be linked and accepted, employee and department need
time and support from management leaders.
- Due to limited staff of issues or working recruitments, some long-term staff
of the work but not employed only short-term contracts, therefore make difficulties
to their life, these difficulties should not be adjusted; difficulties in life that affect to
working motivation and quality of work. In these cases employee need to be
satisfied about their physical needs and need to be respected by leaders, managers;
need solutions to the appropriate impact.
- Due to the economic crisis, the staffs live under family and social pressures.
In this case, their motivation should have settled for the safety of economic
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pressures from family and society. So, we have to encourage and advise them how
to resolve and remove the difficulties that they are facing.
PART

3.

APPLICATION

PHYSIOLOGICAL

MANAGEMENT

THEORIES TO IMPROVE ORGANIZATION BEHAVIORS
To solve these above difficulties of living conditions, challenges of new
working expansion, and working motivation as well as organization behaviors, there
suggested several solutions. In my opinions, there focus on these following targets:
- Build a collective organization to connect in work and management.
- Apply individuality in working to motivate each individual power of creation,
resposibilities, not only improve working efficiences but also develop social aspect
of social needs of labor force and to be respected as esteem human needs.
- Concentrate on physical and basic needs of employee of vitality as well as
mental health and needs. Specially, listening and enthusiastic with difficulties and
capacity of employees to promote and support, managers should care to improve
themselves organization development.
- Training and improving labor force ability with appling courses to improve
experience and up date knowledge, such as politics and language, managemental
and admistrative skills.
- Need to manage a human resource strategy, to rectuiment, traning, promotion
and working motivation and promotion developed.
- Recognization individual achievements to award and motivate. To manage
working efficience by achievement, benefits and individual responsibilties and
assigned tasks to control the damages as well as benefits that each individual gain
for organization
- It is necessary to create Organizational units to have favorable conditions and to
promote the role of organizations such as: the Youth Union; Organizational Unions,
Women Unions. In these operation of the unit to create the overall strength of the

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unit, to create atmosphere in the operation of the agency to implement political
aspects of the unit.
- Need to build a system of rules, regulations based on each objects, democracy
terms, and scientific activities of the unit on the basis of which people must strict on.
In addition, we should have the management, inspection and monitoring of
implementation.
- Encourage the leadership roles to direct control with the difficulties, solve
complexed problems, appropriated in organization system effectively to adjuct
policies, working field and terms that change diffculites of organization, as well as
long term change behavior of organization of working effectivenesses, specially,
administration of Hai An District People ‘s Committee.
Conclusions
The environment created individual characters. People are always influenced by life
circumstances and work conditions. There has a sequence of predictable behavior
through changing circumstances, work, but there contain unpredictable behaviors
chain, which impact the deep and large influences on performance. That is called
organizational behavior. It is understood that the behavioral aspects of governance,
including behavioral studies, the attitude of man to man, man in the group, and
people, with organized groups. There the conclusion that: good work always creates
satisfactions and create good human behaviors.
In favorable conditions, everything will become sublimated and developed. But the
difficulties are creating many challenges and potential risks. People will express
negative behaviors. And administrators must also struggling hard to find the right
directions in the management of the crisises. In administration of Hai An District
People ‘s Committee, all properly and gradually planned removements to overcome
the difficulties.
REFERENCES
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1.

Slices lectures of Dr. Tran Van Binh;

2.

Documents of administration of Hai An District People ‘s Committee,

storaged at Administrative Dpartment.

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