TÓM tắt NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH lớp 10 11 12 (phần 3)

PHẦN II. TỪ LOẠI TRONG TIẾNG ANH
(Danh từ, động từ, tính từ, trạng từ)
1. DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT CÁC TỪ LOẠI THÔNG QUA VỊ TRÍ
1.1 Cách nhận biết danh từ
 Là chủ ngữ của câu (thường đứng đầu câu, sau trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Eg: Maths is the subject I like best.
 Sau tính từ và tính từ sở hữu (my, your, our, their, his, her, its, good, beautiful….):
adj + N
Eg: She is a good teacher.
Adj
N
 Làm tân ngữ, sau động từ
Eg: I like English.
V
N
 Sau “enough”
Eg: He didn’t have enough money to buy that car.
 Sau các mạo từ a, an, the hoặc các từ this, that, these, those, each, every, both, no,
some, any, few, a few, little, a little,…..(Lưu ý cấu trúc ngữ pháp a/an/the + adj +
noun)
Eg: This book is an interesting book.
Adj
N
 Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, about, at..
Thanh is good at literature.
1.2 Cách nhận biết tính từ
 Trước danh từ: Adj + N
Eg: My Tam is a famous singer.
Adj
N
 Sau động từ liên kết: tobe/seem/appear/feel/taste/look/keep/get + adj

Eg: Tom seems tired.
Adj
 Sau “ too”: S + tobe/seem/look….+ too +adj…
Eg: He is too short to play basketball.
S tobe
adj
 Trước “enough”: S + tobe + adj + enough…
Eg: She is tall enough to play volleyball.
S tobe adj


 Trong cấu trúc so…that: tobe/seem/look/feel…..+ so + adj + that
Eg: The weather was so bad that we decided to stay at home
 Tính từ còn được dùng dưới các dạng so sánh (lưu ý tính từ dài hay đứng sau more,
the most, less, as….as)
Eg: Meat is more expensive than fish.
 Tính từ trong câu cảm thán: How +adj + S + V or What + (a/an) + adj + N
Eg: How beautiful she is
Adj
S V
1.3 Cách nhận biết trạng từ
 Trước động từ thường (nhất là các trạng từ chỉ tần suất: often, always, usually,
seldom….)
Eg: They often get up at 6 a.m.
 Giữa trợ động từ và động từ thường
Eg: I have recently finished my homework
 Sau “too”: V(thường) + too + adv
Eg: The teacher speaks too quickly.
 Trước “enough” : V(thường) + adv + enough
Eg: The teacher speaks slowly enough for us to understand.

 Trong cấu trúc so….that: V(thường) + so + adv + that
Eg: Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.
 Đứng cuối câu
Eg: The doctor told me to breathe in slowly.
 Trạng từ cũng thường đứng một mình ở đầu câu, hoặc giữa câu và cách các thành
phần khác của câu bằng dấu phẩy(,)
Eg: Last summer , I came back my home country
1.4 Dấu hiệu nhận biết động từ trong tiếng anh
 Vị trí của động từ trong câu rất dễ nhận biết vì nó thường đứng sau chủ ngữ
 Chú ý: Khi dùng động từ nhớ lưu ý thì của nó để chia cho đúng.
2. DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT CÁC TỪ LOẠI DỰA VÀO CẤU TẠO TỪ
2.1 Danh từ
 Danh từ thường có các suffixes (hậu tố) như sau: -ant, -ity, -ture, -cy, -phy, -logy,
-ism, -ist, -er, -ee, -or, -tion/-ation, -sion, -ness, -ship, -an, -ence, -ance, -dom, -ette,
-itude, -ment, -ing, -age v.v…
 Ex: Majority, Nature, distribution, information, development, teacher, actor,
accountant, teaching, studying, teenage, friendship, relationship, shoolarship,
socialism, ability, sadness, happiness………..


 Ngoại lệ: Mention(v), Implement(v) …
2.2 Tính từ
 Tính từ thường kết thúc bằng: -ful, -less, -ly, -al, -able/-ible, -ive, -ous, -ish, -y, -ic,
-ed, -ing, -ant, -ent, -esque…..
 Ex: helful, beautiful, useful, homeless, childless, friendly, yearly, daily, national,
international, acceptable, impossible, active, passive, attractive, famous, serious,
dangerous, childish, selfish, foolish, rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy, healthy,
sympathy, childlike, specific, scientific, interested, bored, tired, interesting, boring
2.3 Trạng từ
 Trạng từ thường được thành lập bằng cách thêm đuôi “ly” vào tính từ.

 Ex: beautifully, usefully, carefully, badly
 Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ (Adj – Adv)
good – well
late – late/lately
ill – ill
fast – fast
2.4 Động từ
 Động từ thường gặp có các suffixes như sau: -ate, -ain, -flect, -flict, -spect, -scribe,
-ceive, -fy, -ise/-ize, -ude, -ide, -ade, -tend, v.v…
 Ex: Respect, Describe, Deceive, Modify, Industrialise/ize, Extend, v.v…


BÀI TẬP VỀ TỪ LOẠI
Ex1:
1. John can’t make a _______ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a
house and a car.
a. decide
b. decision
c. decisive
d. decisively
2. All Sue’s friends and __________ came to her party .
a. relations
b. Relatives
c. relationship
d. Related
3. My father studies about life and structure of plants and animals. He is a ……….
a. biology
b. biologist
c. biological
d. biologically

4. She takes the …….. for running the household.
a. responsibility
b. responsible
c. responsibly
d. responsiveness.
5. We are a very close-nit family and very ….. of one another.
a. supporting
b. supportive
c. support
d. supporter
6. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
a. Responsible
b. responsibility c. responsibly
d.irresponsible
7. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school.
a. biology
b. biological
c. biologist
d. biologically
8. The more _______ and positive you look, the better you will feel.
a. confide
b. confident
c. confidently
d. Confidence
9. My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _______ by next week.
a. marry
b. married
c. marriageable
d. marriage
10. London is home to people of many _______ cultures.

a. diverse
b. diversity
c. diversify
d. diversification
11. Mrs. Pike was so angry that she made a _______ gesture at the driver.
a. rude
b. rudeness
c. rudely
d. rudest
12. She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation.
a. polite
b. politely
c. politeness
d. impoliteness
13. He is unhappy because of his --------------.
a. deaf
b. deafen
c. deafness
d. Deafened
14. His country has -------------- climate.
a. continent
b. continental
c. continence
d. Continentally
15. She has a -------------- for pink.
a. prefer
b. preferential
c. preferentially
d. Preference
16. Computers are -------------- used in schools and universities.

a. widely
b. wide
c. widen
d. Width
17. I sometimes do not feel -------------- when I am at a party.
a. comfort
b. comfortable
c. comforted
d. Comfortably
Ex2:
1. Harry drinks a lot. He is such a big ....................... (DRINK)
A. drinker
B. drinkable
C. drinking
D. drinkability


2. Come on, let’s watch them arrive in their smartest suits and shades for Louis
Tomlinson’s mum’s ............ (WED)
A. wedded
B. wedding
C. weddings D. wed
3. One Direction ..................(DANCE) made miracle (RECOVER)..............from horrific
accident with help from loyal dogs.
A. dancing- discovery
B. dance-discovery
C. dancer- recovery
D. dancers-discovery
4. They have just confirmed follow-up movie after This Is Us missed out on Oscar
(NOMINATE)...........

A. nomination
B. nominating
C. nominitive
D. nominee
5. I know you’re proud of your achievements, but let’s at least keep some
(HUMBLE)..........
A. humiliation
B. humility
C. humbility
D. humblation
6. (HATE)........... are gonna hate, potatoes’re gonna potate, I already ate.
A. haters
B. hating
C. hatred
D. hateful
7. I honestly don’t know what to do right now. Could you give me some (SERENE)..........
please?
A. serenade
B. serenity
C. serendipity
D. serendipity
8. Don’t look at me like that. I know I’m a (WEIRD)...........
A. weirdness
B. weird
C. weirdliness
D. weirdo
9. What is your biggest (WEAK).............?
A. weakenning
B. weaken
C. weakness

D. weakfish
10. And what are some of your (STRONG)..............?
A. strengthen
B. strengths
C. strongly
D. strongly
11. I so hate researching. What’s the point of being a (RESEARCH)......... anyways?
A. research
B. searcher
C. researcher
D. researching
12. I’d love to be a (LOSE)............ What’s the point of being a (WIN)......... anyways?
A. losers-winners B. loser-winner
C. lost- win
D. loss-winner
13. This exercise is a bit ridiculous. Whatever, I don’t care, I’m not in the right state of
mind right now. I’m not trying to hide my (ADDICT)............ to that boy band, you know.
A. addictive
B. addicted
C. addiction
D. addicting
14. I’m not buying that whole environmental friendly thing. Seriously, I wonder what
(ENVIRONMENT)............ do in their jobs every day.
A. environmentalism
B. environmentalists
C. environmental
D. environment
15. In the series Once Up On A Time, Emma is called their (SAVE).......... Such a typical
fairy tale it is.
A. saver

B. saviour
C. saved
D. saving
16. (POLLUTE)............. are the factors that cause pollution.
A. pollution
B. polluters
C. pollutants
D. polluting


17. People use (PRESERVE)........... to keep foods.
A. preserver
B. preservation
C. preservative
D. preservatives
18. Yeah, I’m going to finish this exercise. I’m sorry I’m such a lazy ass, but I can’t get rid
of my (LAZY)...........,you see.
A. laze
B. laziness
C. lazily
D. lazyment
19. One more question. What should I put down for you guys? Alright, this is very tricky:
I’m very impressed by their (HOSPITABLE).............
A. hospital
B. hospitality
C. hospitablement
D. hospitabality
20. The last question already! I’m gonna make this question super hard. Nah, just kidding,
get to it. She’s the best (EPITOMIZE)...................of kindness.
A. epitome

B. epitomist
C. epitomizing
D. epitomized
Ex3:
1. Your ______ must be typed into 3 copies to hand in for our company.
A. applicants
B. application
C. applicating
D. applying
2. Well, I think that the prices in BIG C supermarket are ________.
A. reason
B. reasonable
C. reasonably
D. reasoning
3. This company offered a lot of ______ jobs.
A. attractive
B. attraction
C. attract
D. attractively
4. The ______ of the moon for the earth causes tides.
A. attract
B. attracted
C. attraction
D. attractive
5. What are the _____ between women’s in old times and women in modern times?
A. differs
B. different
C. difference
D. differences
6. In the past people believed that women’s ______ roles were as mothers and wives.

A. nature
B. natural
C. naturism
D. naturalist
7. It is necessary for students to listen to their teacher________.
A. attentive
B. attentively
C. attention
D. attend
8. Our company believes it is the best____ to handle the account.
A. organizing
B. organizational C. organizational D. disorganization
9. ________ films should be made for school.
A. educational
B. education
C. educated
D. educate
10. He apologized for the ______ he had caused.
A. convenient
B. inconvenient C. convenience
D. inconvenience
11. They gave a clear _____ of their intentions.
A. demonstrate
B. demonstrative C. demonstration
D. demonstrating
12. Information technology is very _______ to our lives.
A. useful
B. useless
C. use
D. usefully

13. A computer is a _____ typewriter which allows you to type and print any kind of
documents.
A. magically
B. magical
C. magic
D. magician


14. Hue is famous for its ________ spots.
A. beauty
B. beautiful
C. beautify
15. Three films are in ________ for the same contract.
A. compete
B. competed
C. competition

D. beautifully
D. competitor