Oxford collocations dictionary for students of english chương 2 8

Hh
habit
noun
• ADJ. annoying, anti-social, bad, dirty, disconcerting,
horrible, irritating, nasty, unfortunate
Life has a nasty
habit of repeating itself,
I
charming
(often ironic),
en-
dearing, good
one of his more endearing habits
<>
her
charming habit of setting fire to cats I
eccentric, odd
I
old
I
daily, regular
I
personal, sexual, social
I found
some of his personal habits rather disconcerting.
I
buy-
ing, shopping, spending
an effort to change the buying
habits of the British public
I

dietary, drinking, eating,
feeding
I
reading, viewing
women's television viewing
habits
I
drug, smoking
trying to kick the smoking habit
• VERB
+
HABIT
bein,haveShehadbeeninthehabitof
drinking five or six cups of coffee a day. o She's got some
very annoying habits.
<>
He had an irritating habit of sing-
ing tunelessly about the house.
I
acquire, develop, fall
into, form, get into, make
I had fallen into myoid bad
habit of leaving everything until the last minute.
<>
Try to
get into good habits and eat regular healthy meals. oMake
a habit of noting down any telephone messages.
I
become
Don't let eating between meals become a habit.

I
break
(yourself of), get out of, give up, kick
a difficult habit to
break
<>
You must break yourself of the habit.
<>
I had got
out of the habit of going to the pub.
I
change
• HABIT + VERB change
Even last year the nation's eat-
ing habits changed significantly.
• PREP. by -
Much of what we do in daily life is done by
habit.
out of-
Isat in my old seat purely out of habit.
• PHRASES a creature of habit
Horses are creatures of
habit and like to have a daily routine.
force of habit
Mr
Norris bellotoedfromforce of habit.
the habit of a lifetime
It's hard to change the habits of a lifetime.
habitable
adj.

• VERBS be
I
remain
I
make sth, render sth
They've
done their best to make the house habitable.
I
consider
sth
The houses were not considered habitable.
• ADV barely
The room was barely habitable.
habitat
noun
• ADJ. native, natural
her observations of wild chimps in
their natural habitat
I
important
I
endangered, fragile,
threatened
Peat bogs are one of Europe's most threatened
habitats.
I
coastal, forest, wetland, wildlife, woodland
• VERB
+
HABITAT provide

The forest provides a habi-
tat for hundreds of species of plants and animals.
I
conserve, protect
new measures to protect wildlife habi-
tats
I
damage, destroy, disrupt
Development is destroy-
ing the animal's native habitat.
• HABITAT + VERB support sth
The many different
habitats support a wide variety of birds.
• HABITAT
+
NOUN destruction, loss
Many species are
threatened in the wild due to habitat destruction by man.
• PREP. in a/the -
the animals and plants in this wood-
land habitat
I
-for
The moorland is an important habitat
for many rare bird species.
• PHRASES loss of habitat
The greatest danger to tigers
now is through loss of habitat.
hack
verb

• ADV away, off
They hacked away at the dense vegeta-
tion.
<>
hacking off the dead branches
• PREP. at
She hacked at the hedge with the shears.
• PHRASES hack sth to bits/pieces
The body had been
hacked topieces.
hack sb to death
He was hacked to death
by the mob.
hack your way
The explorers had to hack their
way through densejungle.
haemorrhage
noun
• ADJ. massive, severe
I
recurrent
I
acute
The patient
diedfrom. acute cerebral haemorrhage.
I
brain, cerebral
• VERB
+
HAEMORRHAGE have, suffer

Twelve hours
later she SUffered a massive brain haemorrhage.
I
die
from/of
I
halt, stop
(both usually figurative) The com-
pany is desperate to halt the haemorrhage of skilled staff
hail
noun
• HAIL + VERB fall
Hail
fell
shortly after lunch.
I
melt
The hail melted once the sun came out.
• PREP. in (the) -
We got caught in the hail.
through
(the)-
driving through the hail
hair
noun
• ADJ. auburn, black, blond, brown, chestnut, dark,
fair, ginger, golden, grey, grizzled, jet-black, red, sandy,
white, yellow
I
bushy, coarse, crinkly, curly, fine, frizzy,

smooth, straight, thick, wavy, wiry
I
beautiful, glossy,
shiny, sleek
I
dishevelled, dry, dull, fuzzy, greasy,
scruffy, tousled, unruly, untidy, windswept
a new sham-
poo for dull or dry hair
<>
His hair was tousled and he
looked as if he'd just woken up.
I
cropped, long, short,
shoulder-length
She had shoulder-length black hair.
I
body, facial, pubic
I
cat, dog, etc.
The rug was covered
with cat hairs.
• QUANT. lock, wisp
• VERB
+
HAIR have
She had beautiful auburn hair.
I
lose
He had turned forty and was beginning to lose his

hair.
I
wear
She wore her long hair looseon her shoulders.
I
arrange, do, tidy
I don't like the way she's arranged her
hair, do you?
<>
TU be down in a minute, I'm just doing my
hair.
I
plait, put up, tie back
Why don't you put your hair
up for this evening?
I
brush, comb
I
shampoo, wash
I
cut, trim
He went to the barber's to have his hair cut.
I
curl, perm
I'oe decided to have my hair permed.
I
grow
I'm trying to grow my hair.
• HAIR + VERB grow
Why don't you letyour hair grow?

I
curl
His hair curls naturally.
I
fall, hang, lie
Her blond
hair fell over her eyes.
I
gleam, glint, glisten
• HAIR
+
NOUN loss
how to cope with hair loss
haircut
noun
• ADJ. decent, good
I
new
I
short, skinhead
• VERB + HAIRCUT get, have
You ought to smarten up
and have a haircut before the interview.
I
need
He was un-
shaven, and badly needed a haircut.
half
noun
• ADJ. first, second

I
last, latter
in the latter half of the
nineteenth century
I
top, upper
I
bottom, lower
the
lower half of the window
I
front
I
back, rear
the rear half
of the car
I
left, right
the left
luilf
of the brain
I
northern,
western, etc.
the northern half of the country
• PREP.
by
a -
Costs rose by a half,
in -

We divided the
money in half,
in the ... -
Heplayed well in the second half
of the match.
I -
of
thefirst half of the concert
<>
Over a half
of all accidents happen in the home.
• PHRASES about/almost/at least/over a half
Over a
half of all the people interviewed said they were disap-
pointed in the government.
half and half
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half and half.
one/two/three, etc. and a half
She's four
and a half years old now.
hall
noun
1 inside the front entrance of a house/building
• ADJ.
entrance
I
reception
I

narrow
I
dark, dark-
ened,
unlitHe hurried them along the narrow, dark hall.
• VERB
+
HALL
lead to
The hall led to a locked door.
• PREP.
across the-
the room across the hall
along the-,
at/to the end of the -, down the -
There were strange
noises coming from the room down the hall.
in the-
2 building/large room
• ADJ.
cavernous, huge, spacious, vast
I
magnificent
I bare
Our voices echoed round the huge bare hall.
I
gloomy
I
cold, draughty
I

crowded, packed
I
main
More than 200members of the public packed the main hall
at the community centre.
I
baronial, great
I
assembly,
conference, congress, meeting
I
booking, ticket
I
ban-
quet, banqueting, dining
I
concert, dance, examin-
ation, exhibition, lecture, market, sports I church, city,
communal, community, council, county, parish, public,
school, village I bingo, pool, snooker
• VERB
+
HALL
crowd into, fill, pack
The strains of the
national anthem.filled the hall.
• PREP.
in
the-e,
into the>, through the-

His voiceechoed
through the hall.
• PHRASES
hall of residence
Most first-year students
live in the halls of residence.
hallucination
noun
• ADJ.
mild I weird
I
auditory, visual I drug-induced
• VERB
+
HALLUCINATION
have
For a moment 1
thought
1
was having hallucinations.
I cause, induce
halt
noun
• ADJ.
abrupt, sudden
The bus came to an abrupt halt
outside the school.
I
grinding, shuddering
The strike

brought the capital city to a grinding halt.
I temporary I
immediate
• VERB
+
HALT
come to, draw to, grind to, jolt to, lurch
to, scream to, screech to, shudder to, skid to, slide to,
slither to
The economy seems to be grinding to a halt.
0
The car skidded to a halt just inchesfrom the river.
I
bring
sth to
Production was brought to a temporary halt when
power supplies failed.
I call
Scientists have decided to call
a halt to the tests.
I
call for, demand
• PREP. -
in
a halt in nuclear testing -
to
The protesters
are callingfor a halt to the export of live animals.
halt
verb

• ADV.
virtually I effectively
The strike effectively halted
production at thefactory.
I abruptly
All these ideasfor ex-
pansion were abruptly halted by the outbreak of war.
I
briefly, temporarily I finally
• VERB
+
HALT
try to
I
threaten to
I
fail to
failing to
halt the destruction of the rainforest
• PHRASES
halt in your tracks
A sudden shout made
them halt in their tracks and look round.
halt sth in its
tracks
The development programme has been halted in its
tracks by this intervention.
halve
verb
• ADV.

more than
I
almost, nearly, virtually
I
approxi-
mately, roughly
I
effectively
• PREP.
in
The shares have more than halved in value
since the summer high of 572p.
to
Overall operating profits
halved to $24 million.
ham
noun
• ADJ.
lean I baked, boiled, cooked, cured, honey-
361
hand
roast, Parma, smoked
I
cold
cold ham and salad
I
sliced
• QUANT.
bit, piece, slice
I

joint, leg
• VERB
+
HAM
eat, have
I
boil, cook, roast
I
carve,
slice
• HAM
+
NOUN
roll, salad, sandwich
• PHRASES
ham on the bone
Wehad boiled ham on the
bonefor dinner.
c;:.
Special page at
FOOD
hammer
noun
• VERB
+
HAMMER
hit sth with, tap sth with, use,
wield
I
swing

Heswung the hammer with all his strength.
• HAMMER
+
NOUN
blow
(oftenfigurative) The decision
is a hammer blowfor the coal industry.
• PHRASES
a hammer and chisel, a hammer and nails,
hammer and sickle
the hammer and sickle of the Soviet
flag
hammering
noun
1noise
• ADJ.
loud
• VERB
+
HAMMERING
hear
• PREP. -
atlon a loud hammering on the door
2very bad defeat
• ADJ.
real
• VERB
+
HAMMERING
give sb I take

They took a real
hammering at the hands of their opponents.
hamper
verb
• ADV
badly, greatly, seriously, severely
Rescue efforts
wereseverely hampered by the bad weather.
I further
hand
noun
1part of the body
• ADJ.
left, right I beautiful, delicate, long-fingered,
pretty
I
well-manicured
I
coarse, rough, work-
reddened, work-roughened, work-worn I soft I firm,
strong
I
limp
He offered a limp hand to shake.
I
frail
I
arthritic I gnarled, knotted
I
claw-like I hairy

I
clammy
He clutched the cane in his clammy hand.
I
cool
His hand, when she shook it, was cool and firm.
I dirty,
filthy, greasy, grubby, sticky, sweaty, unwashed
He
wiped his greasy hands on thefront of his overalls.
I clean
I
gloved
I
ringed I ringless
I
open, outspread
She ges-
tured towards the window with an open hand.
l
out-
stretched
She walked towards him with her hand out-
stretched to take his.
I free
With hisfree hand he took hold
of the knife.
I
cupped
She rested her chin in her cupped

hand.
I
busy, deft
Her busy hands had transformed the
tiny room into a work of art.
I
willing
There's plenty of
work for willing hands
I
eager
Eager hands reached out
to help him.
I
nervous, shaking, trembling, unsteady I
steady
A surgeon needs a good eye and a steady hand.
I
friendly, sympathetic
He put a friendly hand on his
friend's knee.
I
generous, liberal
(both figurative) She
filled our glasses with a generous hand.
I
capable, ex-
pert, practised, skilful, skilled
With a practised hand he
motioned a waiter to bring afresh pot of coffee.

I careless,
clumsy
• VERB
+
HAND
take
She took the child's hand and
helped him climb the steps.
I
hold, hold on to
They
walked along, holding hands.
0
She held on to my hand as
1 tried to leave.
I
reach for
He reached for her hand and
held it tightly.
I
press, squeeze, touch
She pressed his
hand.
'1
know, , she said softly.
I shake
He shook Blake's
hand as if they were long lost friends.
0
He shook hands

with all of us before leaving.
I
feel 1
felt a hand on my
shoulder.
I
extend, hold out, put out, reach out
She
smiled and extended a hand in welcome.
0
He put out a
hand as if to touch her.
I lay, place, press, put
He laid a
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hand
hand on her arm.
0
She put her hands to her cheeks in em-
barrassment.
I
slide
He slid his hands into his pockets.
I
withdraw
Slowly Ruth withdrew her hand from his.
I
hold up, lift, put up, raise, throw up
He lifted his hand to
her face.

0
Several students put up their hands to answer
the question.
0
She raised her hand infareuiell.
0
He threw
up his hands in despair when he saw the damage.
I
spread
She shrugged and spread her hands. 'That's all I
can tell you.'
I
wave
I
clap
We were all clapping our
hands in time to the music.
I
clasp, clench, rub, wring
He
had his hands clasped behind his head.
0
She clenched her
hands in her lap to hide their trembling.
0
He rubbed his
hands together in satisfaction.
0
He was sobbing and

wringing his hands by the grave.
I
beatHe beat his hands
on the steering wheel in frustration.
I
cup
I cupped my
hand over the mouthpiece of the phone so they couldn't
hear me.
I
wash
I
wipe
• HAND
+
VERB shake, tremble
Her hand shook as she
lifted the glass to her lips.
I
reach out, shoot out
A strong
hand reached out and caught hold of her arm.
I
grope for
sth, reach for sth, seek sth
My hand groped for the door
handle.
0
His hand sought hers.
I

find sth
His hand eventu-
ally found the light switch.
I
catch sth, clamp, clasp sth,
close around/on/round sth, fasten around/on/round sth,
grab sth, grasp sth, seize sth
The policeman kept afirm.
hand clamped on his shoulder.
I
clutch sth, grip sth, hold
sth
I
claw (at) sth, pull sth, tug sth
His hands clawed atthe
muddy earth.
I
push sth
I
squeeze sth, tighten sth
I
brush (across/against) sth, caress sth, stroke sth, touch
sth
His hand brushed against hers.
I
creep, go, move,
slide, slip, steal, stray
Muriel's hand crept to her neck to
hold herpearls.
I

fly Her handfleui to her mouth. 'Oh no!'
I
jerk, twitch
I
run over/through sth, trail
Her hand ran
over the surface.feeling the different textures.
I
freeze, still
His hand froze in mid-gesture.
I
hover, waver
My hand
hovered over the switch for a moment.
I
lie, rest
His hand
rested on her shoulder.
I
go up, shoot up
I
come down,
descend, drop
A large hand descended on his shoulder.
0
His hands dropped tohis sides and hefell tothefloor
I
with-
draw
I

lift, rise
Her hand lifted to place a cigarette in her
mouth.
I
cover sth
Her hand moved to cover his.
• HAND + NOUN gesture, movement, position, signal
I
dryer, towel
I
drill, saw
(also
handsaw), tools
I
pump
I
mirror
I
baggage, luggage
You can take your laptop on
the plane as hand luggage.
I
cream
I
delivery
Mail for
hand delivery is put in a separate tray.
I
grenade, gun
(also

handgun)
I
injury
• PREP.
by -
Delicate clothes should be washed by hand.
by ...
-s
The rocks looked like they had been shaped by
human hands.
in your -
She had a piece of paper in her
hand.
0
(figurative) Can I leave these queries in your cap-
able hands?
on your -
She had large rings on both hands.
with your-
Operate the gears with your left hand.
• PHRASES fall into the wrong hands
(figurative)
Guards made sure that thefood supplies didn'tfall into the
wrong hands.
get/keep/take your hands off sb/sth
She
warned her brother to keep his hands off her bag.
get/lay
your hands on sth
I desperately need to lay my hands on

some money by Monday.
hand in hand
They walked hand
in hand along the path.
hands on hips
She stood in the
doorway, hands on hips.
in safe hands
(figurative) He re-
tiredfeeling confident that his company was in safe hands.
on (your) hands and knees
He was on his hands and
knees, looking for a contact lens.
out of sb's hands
(fig-
urative) I don't work in that department any more, so the
problem is out of my hands.
the palm of your hand
She
studied the object in thepalm of her hand.
run a hand/your
hands over/through, etc. sth
Clive ran a hand through
his hair.
with your bare hands
He killed the lion with his
bare hands.
2a hand help
• VERB
+

HAND give sb, lend (sb)
Can you give me a
hand with loading the van?
0
At harvest time all the villa-
362
gers lend a hand.
I
need
Doyou need a hand with those in-
voices?
3 role in a situation
• VERB
+
HAND have
I
strengthen
The strategic
alliance served to strengthen the country's hand in the
region.
• PREP. - in
Several of his colleagues had a hand in his
downfall.
4 in card games
• ADJ. bad, good
• VERB
+
HAND deal (sb)
Who dealt the last hand?
0

(figurative) She felt that life had dealt her a bad hand.
I
get, have
I
play
hand
verb
• ADV. effectively
I
formally, officially
formally hand-
ing over power to the new government
I
personally
She
wanted to hand thepetition to theprime minister personal-
ly.
I
just, merely, simply
They would simply hand her
over to the magistrate as a thief
I
quickly
I
immediately,
promptly
I
grudgingly, reluctantly
He grudgingly hand-
edme the money.

I
silently
I
back, in, out, over
She hand-
edout the exam papers.
• VERB
+
HAND be prepared to, be ready to, be willing
to
I
refuse to
I
force sb to
• PREP. to
He handed the book to Sally.
handbag
noun
• ADJ. big, capacious, large
• VERB + HANDBAG clutch, hold
I
carry
I
swing
I
delve into, fish about/around in, fumble in, reach into,
rummage (around) in, search (in/through)
She was rum-
maging in her handbag for her keys.
I

snatch
She had
her handbag snatched as she sat having a coffee.
• PREP. from a/the-, out of a/the-
She took a pen out of
her large leather handbag.
in a/the -', into a/the-
She put
herpurse into her handbag.
• PHRASES the contents of a handbag
handcuffs
noun
• QUANT. pair, set
The policeman slipped apair of hand-
cuffs on his wrists.
• VERB
+
HANDCUFFS have on, wear
I
put on, slip on
The other policeman put the handcuffs on him.
I
remove,
take off, undo, unfasten, unlock
• PREP. in -
He was taken away in handcuffs.
handful
noun
1amount that can be held in one hand
• ADJ. good

I
double
She bent and pulled up a double
handful of weeds.
• PREP. -of
She grabbed handfuls of the dirty snow.
2small number of people/things
• ADJ. small, tiny
I
mere
having to cope with a mere
handful of staff
I
good
He has a good handful of letters
after his name.
• PREP.
-ofahandfulojpeople
• PHRASES just/only a handful of sth
We have received
only a small handful of letters on this subject.
handicap
noun
1physical/mental disability
• ADJ. serious, severe
I
mild
I
mental, physical, vis-
ual

She can't drive because of her visual handicap.
• VERB
+
HANDICAP be born with, have, suffer (from)
Over a million people in Great Britain suffer from mental
handicap.
I
cause
I
cope with, overcome
She has man-
aged to overcome her physical handicaps.
• PREP. despite a/the -
Despite her handicap, Jane is
able to hold down afull-time job.
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2disadvantage
• ADJ. big, considerable, great, major, real, serious,
severe, terrible
Lack of transport was a major handicap.
• VERB
+
HANDICAP have, suffer
If you don't speak the
language, you've got a real handicap.
I
prove
His lack of
height can prove a handicap against tall players.
• PREP. despite a/the -

I -
to
This could be a serious
handicap to her education.
handicapped
adj.
• VERBS be, be born
Steuen was born severely handi-
capped.
I
leave sb
An accident at birth left him badly
handicapped.
• ADV. badly, profoundly, seriously, severely
I
mildly,
slightly
I
permanently
I
mentally, physically, visually
special equipment for visually handicapped children
handkerchief
noun
• ADJ. clean
I
crumpled, dirty, grubby, used
I
pocket
I

lace, linen, paper, silk
I
embroidered
• VERB
+
HANDKERCHIEF blow your nose on, use
He
blew his nose on a grubby handkerchief
I
wave
handle
noun
• ADJ. long, short
I
carrying
The table folds up and
comes complete with a carrying handle.
I
door
I
knife,
fork, pickaxe, etc.
• VERB
+
HANDLE have
I
pull, push, try, turn
You
have to turn the handle and then pull it towards you.
<>

He
tried the handle but the door was locked.
• PREP. on a/the -
His initials were on the knife handle.
handle
verb
1touch sth with your hands
• ADV. carefully, with care
A label on the crate read:
'Handle with care'.
I
carelessly
Garden tools can be haz-
ardous if carelessly handled.
I
roughly
Many of the pris-
oners were roughly handled; some were killed.
2deal with sb/sth
• ADV. competently, efficiently, properly, skilfully, suc-
cessfully, well
I think you handled that situation very
well.
I
badly
I
carefully, delicately
This issue may need
to behandled carefully.
I

easily
Her next question was not
so
easily handled.
I
routinely
The library routinely han-
dles a wide variety of enquiries.
• VERB
+
HANDLE be able/unable to, can/could, know
how to
This was a problem that I just couldn't handle.
<>
She knew how to handle publicity.
I
be designed to, be
equipped to
He wasn't mentally equipped to handle this
situation.
I
learn how to
I
be easy to
I
be difficult to,
be hard to
Large meetings are notoriously lessproductive
and more difficult to handle.
• PREP. with

She handled the crisis with total assurance.
handling
noun
• ADJ. careful, delicate, gentle
Timid children need gen-
tle handling to build up their confidence.
I
careless,
clumsy
I
sensitive, sympathetic
Issues such
as
drug ad-
diction require sensitive handling when featured in TV
dramas.
I
insensitive
I
competent
She was praised for
her competent handling of the crisis.
I
baggage, cargo,
freight, stock
I
customer, passenger
a small airport
with limited passenger handling facilities
J

food
hygienic
food handling practice
I
data, information
• VERB
+
HANDLING need, require
handout
noun
1food/money given to people who need it badly
• ADJ. free
I
government, state
I
cash
363
hang
• VERB
+
HANDOUT give (sb)
I
get, receive
All those
eligible will receive a cash handout.
• PREP.
-jrom
a harulout from the government
-jo
state

handouts to the poor
2sheet/leaflet
• VERB
+
HANDOUT distribute, give sb, give out
• PREP. in a/the-
More information can befound in the
handout.
I
-on
Weuieregiuen a handoutonjobhunting.
handshake
noun
• ADJ. firm, hearty
I
limp
She wasn't impressed by his
limp handshake.
• VERB
+
HANDSHAKE have
He had a firm handshake.
I
give sb
Fawcett gave me a hearty handshake.
• PREP. with a -
They sealed the agreement with a hand-
shake.
I
-fromahandshakefromthechairman

handsome
adj.
• VERBS be, look
I
become, grow
• ADV. devastatingly, exceedingly, extraordinarily, ex-
tremely, incredibly, strikingly, very, wonderfully
He was
young and devastatingly handsome.
I
almost
I
quite, ra-
ther
I
classically, darkly, elegantly, ruggedly, youthful-
ly
his ruggedly handsomefeatures
• PHRASES tall, dark (and) handsome
a tall, dark, hand-
some stranger
handwriting
noun
• ADJ. clear, good, legible, neat
Her handwriting was
neat and legible.
I
awful, bad, illegible, poor, terrible
Why do doctors have such terrible handwriting?
• VERB

+
HANDWRITING have
I
read
Her handwriting
is very difficult to read.
I
recognize
I didn't recognize the
handwriting on the envelope.
• PREP. in your-
She copied out the lines in her best hand-
writing.
handyadj.
1useful
• VERBS be
I
come in
I advise you to buy one-it may
come in handy one day.
• ADV. very
I
quite
• PREP. for
The arrangement was handy for both of us.
2 nearby
• VERBS be
I
keep sth
Always keep a cloth handy to

wipe up any mess.
• ADV. very
I
quite
• PREP. for
The house was near Drury Lane, very handy
for the theatre.
3good at using sth
• VERBS be
• ADV. very
I
fairly, pretty, quite
• PREP. at
'Pm pretty handy at giving out advice,' claimed
Mark.
with
Lucy is quite handy with a drill!
hang
verb
• ADV. limply, loosely
He had lost weight and the suit
hung loosely on him.
I
uselessly
Her injured arm hung
uselessly at her side.
I
upside down
The sloth spends
most of its time hanging upside downfrom the branches.

I
down
Large leaves hung down from the branches of the
trees.
• PREP.
by
The monkey was hanging by its tail from the
beams overhead.
from
Banners hung from every window.
PHRASAL VERB
hang on
1keep hold of sth
• ADV. tight
Hang on tight-we're off
• VERB
+
HANG ON try to
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hanker
• PREP for
She hung on for dear life.
to
Hang on to
(=
keep)
those old photographs-they may be valuable.
with
Martin tried to hold on with his toes as well as hisfeet.
2wait

• ADV. a minute
Hang on a
minute-T II
just see if he's
here.
hanker
verb
• ADV. secretly
I
always
I
still
• PREP. after
She's always hankering after excitement.
for
I stillhankeredfor thefarrn. life.
haphazard
adj.
• VERBS be, seem
I
become
• ADV. very
I
entirely, totally
The local authority's ap-
proach to health careseems totally haphazard.
I
fairly, ra-
ther, somewhat
I

apparently, seemingly
• PHRASES in a haphazard fashion/manner/way
The
town had grown in a somewhat haphazard way.
happen
verb
• ADV actually, really
She couldn't quite believe that all
this was actually happening to her.
I
just
I don't remem-
ber learning to swim, it just happened.
I
spontaneously
Sometimes fun activities just happen spontaneously; at
other times they take careful planning.
I
overnight
Change doesn't happen overnight.
• VERB + HAPPEN be going to
They could only wait
and see what was going to happen.
I
be likely to
I
be
bound to
Mistakes are bound to happen sometimes.
I

tend to
What tends to happen is that students spend the
first week of the course in a blind panic, but settle down by
the second or third week.
I
want sth to
I
make sth
You
have to make things happen if you want them to happen.
I
let sth
Don't just sit back and let it happen.
• PREP. to
She dtdn't know what was happening to her.
happiness
noun
• ADJ. deep, great
I
perfect, pure, sheer, true
I
eter-
nal, lasting
I
future
Living together before you marry is
no guarantee of future happiness.
I
earthly
I

human
I
personal
I
domestic, family, marital
• VERB + HAPPINESS be filled with, feel
I
glow with
Her face was glowing with happiness.
I
cry with, sigh
with, weep with
I
achieve, find
She seems to have found
happiness with her new husband.
I
bring (sb)
It is easy to
believe that money brings happiness.
I
buy (sb)
You can-
not buy happiness.
I
wish sb
• PREP. with -
I -
at
He was weeping with happiness at

being free.
• PHRASES a feeling of happiness, wish sb every hap-
piness
Wewish them every happiness in their new life.
happyadj.
1feeling pleasure
• VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound
Outwardly
the couple appeared happy.
<>
Andrew felt happier than he
had been tor a long time.
I
become
I
make sb
Money
won't make you happy.
I
keep sb
He went homefrom time
to time, to keep his mother happy.
• ADV. extremely, only too, particularly, really, very
We'd be only too happy to accept your invitation.
I
com-
pletely, perfectly, quite
Mum seemed perfectly happy with
my explanation.
I

genuinely, truly
For thefirst time in her
life, shefelt truly happy.
I
far from, not altogether, not at
all, not entirely, not exactly, not particularly, not too, not
totally
Her boss was not entirely happy about the situ-
ation.
I
fairly, pretty, reasonably, relatively
I
just
I'm
just happy to be back home.
I
absurdly, amazingly, bliss-
fully, deliriously, ecstatically, radiantly, ridiculously,
strangely, surprisingly
I
clearly, obviously
364
• PREP. about
I'm. not too happy about her attitude.
for
So
you're getting married, I hear.
I'm
really happy for you!
with

I was quite happy with the way things went.
2 giving pleasure
• VERBS be, seem
• ADV. extremely, gloriously, particularly, very, won-
derfully
It had been a gloriously happy time.
I
quite
harass
verb
• ADV. racially, sexually
She had been sexually harassed
at work.
harassment
noun
• ADJ. racial, sexual
I
police
I
constant, continual
• VERB + HARASSMENT be subject to, be subjected
to, suffer
She had been subjected to continual sexual
harassment.
• PREP. -
by
They are complaining about harassment by
thepolice
• PHRASES a victim of harassment
c:>

Note at CRIME(for more verbs)
harbour
noun
• ADJ. deep, deep-water
I
good, safe, sheltered
I
nat-
ural
I
busy
I
picturesque, pretty
I
fishing
• VERB
+
HARBOUR have
The town has a small natural
harbour.
I
come into, go into, enter
They entered the har-
bour withjlagsjlying.
I
go out of, leave
• HARBOUR + NOUN wall
• PREP. in (a/the)-
Thefishingfleet is in harbour. o theac-
tioity in the harbour

into (a/the) -
The damaged vessel
was towed into harbour.
out of a/the-
Wesailed out of the
harbour at daybreak.
• PHRASES the entrance to/the mouth of a harbour
hard
adj.
1 solid/stiff
• VERBS be, feel,look, seem
The chairsfelt hard and un-
comfortable. I
become, go
Don't leave the cake uncovered
or the icing will go hard.
I
stay
• ADV. extremely, very
I
a bit, fairly, quite, rather
• PHRASES rock hard
The toffee was rock hard.
2 difficult
• VERBS be, look, seem
I
become, get
Life got very
hard.
I

make sth
If you tell the children the answers, it
only makes it harder for them to do the work on their own.
I
find sth
Ifound the exam quite hard.
• ADV. extremely, really, very
I
a bit, fairly, pretty,
quite, rather
hardback
noun
• VERB
+
HARDBACK publish
I
come out in
His second
book came out in hardback last month.
• HARDBACK
+
NOUN book, edition
• PREP.
in-It's only available in hardback.
hardship
noun
• ADJ. appalling, considerable, dreadful, extreme,
genuine, great, immense, real, severe
I
Widespread

I
undue, unnecessary
I
economic, financial, material,
personal, physical
• VERB + HARDSHIP cause
I
bear, endure, experi-
ence, face, suffer, survive
a close community which
makes these hardships easier to bear
o
Students may suf-
fer severe financial hardship as a result of the govern-
ment's decision. o They have already survived consider-
able hardship.
• HARDSHIP
+
NOUN payment
The union made hard-
ship payments to some of the sacked workers.
• PREP. in -
They are living in genuine hardship.
with-
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out-
Rail services to rural areas could be withdrawn with-
out undue hardship.
I -
among

widespread hardship
among students
-to
The cold was no real hardship to me.
• PHRASES times of hardship
In times of economic hard-
ship.firms cut back on training.
hardware
noun
1of a computer
• ADJ. computer
• QUANT. piece
The laptop drawing tablet
is
a very use-
ful piece of hardware.
• VERB
+
HARDWARE design, develop
I
provide, sup-
ply
supplying computer hardware to business .
• HARDWARE + NOUN component, device, product
I
environment, platform, system
This application runs on
a wide variety of hardware platforms.
I
configuration

I
design, development
I
company, manufacturer, sup-
plier, vendor
q
Special page at
COMPUTER
2 heavy machinery/weapons
• ADJ. militaryfirms
selling military hardware
harm
noun
• ADJ. considerable, great, serious, untold
He was
clearly intent on inflicting serious harm on someone.
I
ir-
reparable, lasting, permanent
I
emotional, mental,
physical, psychological
elderly people in danger ofphys-
ical or emotional harm
I
economic, environmental
• VERB
+
HARM cause, do, inflict
The huge fall in ex-

ports has done a great deal of harm to the economy.
I
mean (sb), wish
sbTmsorry if I upset you-I didn't mean
any harm.
0
No one wishes you harm.
I
come to, suffer
I
don't think he'll come to any harm if his mother is with
him.
I
keep sb from, prevent, protect sb from, shield sb
from
The children were removedfram their parents topre-
vent harm to them.
0
She tried to shield her child from
harm.
• HARM
+
VERB come to sb/sth
I don't want any harm
to come to thesepictures.
• PREP. -from
babies at risk of serious harm from their
parents
-r
to

the harm done to the environment
• PHRASES more harm than good
The drugs he was pre-
scribed did him more harm than good.
out of harm's way
The younger children werekept out of harm's way.
harm
verb
• ADV seriously
Misusing drugs in pregnancy can ser-
iously harm your baby.
I
deliberately
I
physically
• VERB
+
HARM intend to, want to
He claimed that he
had not intended to harm the girl.
I
try to
harmful
adj.
• VERBS be
I
become
I
consider sth
She actually con-

sideredfreslt air harmful.
• ADV. extremely, particularly, positively, very
These
praducts are often positively harmful.
I
quite
I
possibly,
potentially
A lot of these chemicals are potentially very
harmful.
I
allegedly
I
(not) necessarily
Not all virus in-
fections are necessarily harmful to vines.
I
intrinsically
I
environmentally, socially
These pesticides are environ-
mentally harmful.
• PREP. to
pesticides that are harmful to the environment
harmless
ad].
• VERBS appear, be, look, seem, sound
I
make sth,

render sth
chemical wastes which have to be rendered
harmless
I
consider sth
• ADV absolutely, completely, perfectly, quite, totally
I
almost, virtually
I
enough
He looks harmless enough.
I
comparatively, fairly, pretty, reasonably, relatively
I
365
harvest
apparently, seemingly
a small and seemingly harmless
creature
I
environmentally
• PREP. to
The substance is harmless topeople.
harmony
noun
1state of agreement
• ADJ. absolute, complete, perfect
I
reasonable, rela-
tive

They've lived together in reasonable harmony for
many years.
I
domestic, political, racial, social
On the
surface, their life seemed a model of domestic harmony.
• VERB
+
HARMONY achieve
I
maintain, preserve
They try to maintain harmony between the two commu-
nities.
I
foster, promote
The Church tries to promote ra-
cial harmony.
I
live in
• PREP.
in-Theyworktogetherinharmony.
I
-between
They try to foster harmony between different groups of
people.
-wlth
living inperfect harmony with nature
• PHRASES a sense of harmony
A new sense of harmony
developed in the community.

2 pleasant combination of different musical notes
• ADJ. musical
I
five-part, four-part, etc.
an arrange-
ment tuithfour-part harmony
• PREP.
in-cto sing in harrnony
harness
noun
1for a horse
• ADJ. leather
• VERB + HARNESS put on
I
remove, take off
• PREP. in (a)-
a horse in harness
2for a person
• ADJ. child
I
safety
I
climbing, parachute
• VERB + HARNESS have on, wear
I
do up, fasten
She
fastened the safety harness tightly round her waist before
starting the descent.
I

undo, unfasten
• PREP. in a/the -
Another man in a harness was being
lotoeredfrom.
the helicopter.
harness
verb
• ADV effectively, successfully
I
fully
• VERB + HARNESS attempt to, seek to, try to
attempt-
ing to harness thepower of the sun
I
manage to
• PREP. for
How can this energy be harnessed effectively
for the good of humankind?
harp
noun
• VERB
+
HARP set, tune
By means of pedals, a harp
can beset in any desired key.
q
Special page at
MUSIC
harp
verb

PHRASAL VERB
harp on
• ADV. always, constantly
He
is
always harping on
about the war.
I
still
• PREP. about
• PHRASES keep harping on
Don't keep harping on
about my age!
harsh
adj.
• VERBS appear, be, prove, seem, sound
It may seem
harsh to criticize him after his death.
I
become
• ADV. exceptionally, extremely, particularly, very
I
in-
creasingly
I
a bit, a little, rather, somewhat
I
unduly,
unnecessarily
He accused her of being unduly harsh.

I
surprisingly
harvest
noun
• ADJ. abundant, bumper, good, large, rich
We've had a
bumper harvest of apples this year.
0
(figurative) She re-
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hassle
turned from the conference with a rich harvest of know-
ledge.
I
bad, disastrous, poor
a series of poor harvests in
the 1830s
I
cereal, corn, grain, potato, wheat, etc.
• VERB
+
HARVEST bring in, gather (in), get in, reap
They werebusy getting the harvest in.
o
(figurative) Weare
now reaping the harvest of our hard work last year.
• HARVEST
+
VERB fail
The strawberry harvest failed

because of the drought.
• HARVEST
+
NOUN time
I
feast, festival
• PREP. after (the)-
Potatoes are normally sprayed after
harvest.
during (the) -
During harvest they work from
dawn to dusk.
I-of
a good harvest ofpotatoes
hassle
noun
• ADJ. legal
Theyfaced interminable legal hassles if they
wanted toclaim compensation.
• VERB
+
HASSLE get, have
I started to get all this has-
sle
frorn.
my boss about increasing productivity.
I
give sb
He gave me
so

much hassle I decided it wasn't worth it.
I
save
It saves a lot of hassle if you buy them by post.
I
be
worth
Camping holidays aren't really worth all the hassle.
• PREP. with no/without -
She got the computer set up
with no hassle at all.
I -
about/over
I'ue had
so
much has-
sle over this business.
• PHRASES take the hassle out of sth
Package holidays
take all the hassle out of travel arrangements.
haste
noun
• ADJ. blind, breathless, frantic, great
She worked with
frantic haste.
I
indecent, reckless, undue
He accused the
government of undue haste in bringing in the new law.
• VERB

+
HASTE make
Ihad to make haste if I wasn't to
belate.
• PREP. in (your)-
They obviously left in great haste.
<>
In
his haste toget home, heforgot togo to the library.
with -
He
married again with almost indecent haste.
without -
They
approached without haste.
• PHRASES with all haste
The ships were ordered to sea
with all haste.
hat
noun
• ADJ. broad-brimmed, wide-brimmed
I
floppy
I
bat-
tered
I
pointed
I
fur, straw, woollen, woolly

I
bobble,
bowler, hard, panama, party, peaked, picture, riding,
sun (also sunhat), ten-gallon, three-cornered, top
• VERB
+
HAT don, place
He placed a battered felt hat
on his head.
I
doff, remove
I
raise, tip, touch
The door-
man tipped his hat as we entered.
• HAT
+
VERB be trimmed with sth
The governor wore
a cocked hat trimmed with uihitefeathers.
• HAT
+
NOUN box
I
shop
I
stand
• PHRASES pull a hat (down) over your ears/eyes/face
q
Special page at CLOTHES

hatch
noun
• ADJ. closed, open
Leave the hatch open.
I
escape
I
inspection, service
The engineer was peering into the ser-
vice hatch.
I
serving
She opened the serving hatch and
put the soup on the counter.
I
kitchen, loft
• VERB
+
HATCH lift, open, raise
She lifted the hatch
and slid it away from the opening
I
batten down, close,
shut
They battened down the hatches and prepared for the
storm. c»He ordered the hatches to beclosed.
• PREP. through a/the -
They got out through the escape
hatch.
I -

between
a hatch between the kitchen and the
dining room
-to
a hatch to the dining room
hate
noun
1strong feeling of dislike
• ADJ. absolute, naked, pure
In her eyes he could see
naked hate.
366
• VERB
+
HATE be filled with, be full of, burn with
He
burned with hatefor everyone and everything.
• HATE
+
NOUN campaign, figure, mail
victim of a vi-
cious hate campaign
<>
She became a hate figure for polit-
icians on the left.
• PREP. -for
full of hate for the people who had betrayed
her
2 sb/sth you hate
• ADJ. pet

Jazz has always been apet hate of mine.
hate
verb
• ADV. particularly, really
I
absolutely
I absolutely hate
cooking.
I
almost
For a moment she almost hated him.
I
just
Don't you just hate people who are always right?
I
al-
ways
I always hated school.
I
still
• VERB
+
HATE begin to, come to, grow to
He came to
hate the town, with its narrow prejudices.
I
love to
the
media baron all the socialists love to hate
• PREP. for

He hated mejor standing up to him.
• PHRASES hate it when
I hate it when you loseyour tem-
per like that.
hatred
noun
• ADJ. bitter, deep, intense, passionate, pure, violent
She shot him a look of pure hatred.
I
absolute, implac-
able
I
blind, irrational
I
class, ethnic, racial, religious
• VERB
+
HATRED be filled with, be full of, feel, have
She toas
fult
of hatred and bitterness. o He has a deep hat-
red of the police.
I
incite, stir up
He is accused of stirring
up racial hatred.
• HATRED
+
VERB flare (up)
Hatredjlared up inside her.

• PREP.
in/with-Shestaredat it in hatred.
I
-againstin-
citing religious hatred against the Catholic minority -
be-
tween
the intense hatred between the two communities
-for
Ifelt no hatred for him.
-of
his hatred of women
-to-
wards
their hatred towards the oppressors
• PHRASES a feeling of hatred
haul
noun
1act of hauling
• VERB
+
HAUL give sth
• PREP. - on
When I shout, give a haul on the rope.
2distance to be travelled
• ADJ. long, short
the long haul back to Cape Town
<>
a
short-haul passenger plane

I
final, last
thefinal haul up
the hill to thefinishing line
• PREP. -from, -to
3 of fish/stolen goods, etc.
• ADJ. big, large, record
The thieves got away with a re-
cord haul of
£25
million. I
arms, drugs
• VERB
+
HAUL get, get away with
The gang did not ex-
pect toget such a large haul.
• HAUL
+
VERB be worth sth
a haul worth £30 000
• PREP. -of
the biggest ever haul of illegal drugs
haunt
noun
• ADJ. favourite, old, popular, regular, usual
I
tourist
The area was apopular tourist haunt.
• VERB

+
HAUNT go back to, return to, revisit
We've
been back to some of our old haunts.
haunt
verb
1appear as a ghost in a place
• ADV. reputedly, supposedly
a Norman castle which is
reputedly haunted
• VERB
+
HAUNT come back to, return to
He said he
would come back to haunt her.
<>
(figurative) That decision
came back to haunt him in later life.
2 be always in your mind
• ADV, still
thegreatfear that still haunts her
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• VERB
+
HAUNT continue to
These visions continued
to haunt herfor many years.
haven
noun
• ADJ. safe

The aim is to create a safe haven for the
thousands of refugees.
• VERB
+
HAVEN create, offer (sb), provide (sb with)
• PREP. in a/the -
They were living in a safe haven away
from thefighting.
I
-for
The wood is a hauen for wildlife.
- of
This house is a haven of peace compared with ours.
havoc
noun
• VERB
+
HAVOC cause, create, play, wreak
• PREP. - among
The new tax could wreak havoc among
smaller companies. -
for
High winds have been creating
hauocfor farmers. -
in
The disease can cause havoc in com-
mercial orchards. -
on
The flood wrought havoc on the
countryside.

-fo
The storm caused havoc to wildlife.
-with
Thefog played havoc withflight schedules.
hawk
noun
• HAWK
+
VERB hover
I
swoop (down)
The hawk
swooped low over thefield.
• PHRASES watch (sb) like a hawk
He waited, watching
her like a hawk.
hay
noun
• Q.UANT. bale
• VERB
+
HAY cut, harvest, make
Thefreshly harvested
hay was taken into the big hay barn.
0
They make hay to
feed the cattle in winter.
• HAY
+
NOUN meadow

I
bale
I
barn, loft
• PREP in the-
The children wereplaying in the hay.
hazard
noun
• ADJ. big, great, major, real, serious
I
constant
I
possible, potential
I
hidden, unexpected, unseen
I
en-
vironmental, industrial, natural, occupational
indus-
trial hazards such as excessive noise and pollution
0
Lone-
liness is one of the occupational hazards of being a writer.
I
health
Other people's smoke is now seen as a health haz-
ard.
I
fire
The rubbish under theflooring is a serious fire

hazard.
• VERB
+
HAZARD cause, create, pose
Production of
these chemicals poses serious environmental hazards.
I
be exposed to, encounter, face, meet
The worst hazard
wefaced was having our money stolen.
I
avoid Go
in Sep-
tember if you want to avoid the hazard of extreme heat.
I
eliminate, minimize
I
cope with, deal with, negotiate
Companies should have systems for dealing with work
hazards.
• PREP. -for
Holes in thepavement are a hazard for blind
people. -
to
The burning of industrial waste is a major
hazard to human health.
• PHRASES exposure to a hazard
Try and reduce your
exposure to hazards such aspoor quality air.
hazardous

adj.
• VERBS be, prove
I
become
I
consider sth
• ADV. extremely, highly, particularly, very
I
rather,
somewhat
I
potentially
burning potentially hazardous
medical waste
I
environmentally
environmentally haz-
ardous substances
• PREP. for
These conditions are very hazardous for ship-
ping. to chemicals that are hazardous to human beings
haze
noun
• ADJ. thick
a thick haze of smoke
I
faint, thin
The sun
now had a faint golden haze around it.
I

shimmering
I
heatA heat haze shimmered above thefields.
367
head
• HAZE
+
VERB hang, shimmer
In the evenings a blue
haze hung in the valleys.
• PREP. in a/the -
Meetings are always conducted in a
haze of cigarette smoke.
through a/the -
He watched the
world through a haze of tobacco smoke.
hazyadj.
1not clear because the air is difficult to see through
• VERBS be, look
The distant mountains looked hazy
and mysterious.
I
become
I
remain
• ADV. very
I
a little, quite, rather, slightly
Generally, it
will be rather hazy today, with some hill fog.

• PREP. with
The summers werehazy with pollution.
2 confused
• VERBS be
I
become
I
remain
• ADV. extremely, very
I have only a very hazy idea about
how the economy works.
I
a bit, fairly, a little, rather,
somewhat
My memory of that day is somewhat hazy now.
• PREP about
I'm.a bit hazy about myfamily history.
head
noun
1part of the body
• ADJ. bare
I
bald
I
shaved
I
blonde, dark, fair, grey,
greying
I
bent, bowed

She sat with bowed head.
I
severed
The city gates were adorned with severed heads.
• VERB
+
HEAD poke, pop, put, stick
He put his head
round the door.
I
bob, cock, crane, incline, jerk, tilt, turn
She jerked her head in the direction of the door.
I
lift, raise
I
bend, bow, drop, duck, hang, lower
He hung his head in
shame.
I
swing, throw back, toss
He threw his head back
and laughed out loud.
I
nod, shake
They nodded their
heads in agreement.
0
She shook her head in disbelief
I
scratch

He scratched his head. 'I don't understand, ' he
said.
0
(figurative) Detectives have been left scratching
their heads over the stolen painting's sudden reappear-
ance.
I
clutch, hold
He lay writhing on the ground, clutch-
ing his head in pain.
I
bury
She buried her head in thepil-
low.
I
shave
• HEAD
+
VERB ache, throb
I
bob, jerk, nod, tilt, turn
Her head tilted to one side as she considered the question. I
droop, drop, hang down, hang low
His head drooped and
tearsfell into his lap.
• HEAD
+
NOUN injury
I
cold

• PREP. above your -
The thunder burst with a grand
crash above our heads.
over your -
The soldiers were
ordered tofire over the heads of the crowd.
• PHRASES from head to foot/toe
We were coveredfrom
head tofoot in mud.
a fine/good, etc. head of hair(= a lot
of hair)
a woman with a lovely head of chestnut hair
have/hold/put, etc. your head in your hands
He put his
head in his hands, exasperated.
head first
He dived head
first into the water.
0
(figurative) She got divorced and
rushed head first into another marriage.
a nod of the
head
The ambassador dismissed him with a curt nod of
the head.
a shake of the head
She declined with a brief
shake of the head.
2mind
• ADJ. clear, cool, level

She needed to keep a clear head if
she was to remain in control.
I
good
I have a good head
for figures.
• VERB
+
HEAD
useIwishyou'duseyourhead(=think
carefully before doing or saying something).
I
enter
It
never entered my head that he might be lying.
I
get it into
When will you get it into your head
(= understand)
that I
don't want to discuss this any more!
0
For some reason
she's got it into her head
(= believes)
that the others don't
like her.
I
put sth into
Who's been putting such weird

ideas into your head?
I
get sth out of, put sth out of
I
can't get that tune out of my head.
0
Try toput the exams
out of your head for tonight.
I
bother
Don't bother your
pretty little head with things like that!
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head
• HEAD
+
VERB spin
He could feel his head spinning
after only one drink.
• PREP. in your-
I can't work it out in my head-I need a
calculator.
inside your-
It was an accident, said a voicein-
side his head.
• PHRASES can't get your head round sth
(=
can't
understand sth)
She's dead. I can't get my head round it

yet.
need your head examined
He looked at me as if I need-
ed my head examined
(=
asif I were crazy).
3 heads side of a coin
• VERB
+
HEADS call
I called heads and it came down
tails.
I
come down/up
• PHRASES heads or tails?
4of a group/organization/school, etc.
• ADJ. deputy
I
departmental
I
nominal, titular
The
Queen is titular head of the .Church of England.
I
crowned
The message was sent to all the crowned heads
(=
kings and queens)
of Europe.
• HEAD

+
NOUN gardener, teacher, waiter
I
boy, girl
(=
in a school)
• PHRASES a head of department, the head of the fam-
ily, a head of government/state
a summit meeting of
heads of state
a head of (the) household
~NoteatJoB
head
verb
1
go
• ADV north, northwards, etc.
We headed west for two
days.
I
back
Let's head back home.
• PREP. back to
Weheaded straight back to school.
for
He
turned and headed for the door.
towards
heading towards
London

2 be in charge of sth
• ADV. jointly
The committee will be headed jointly by two
men.
I
up
• VERB
+
HEAD appoint sb to
She has been appointed
to head up the research team.
headache
noun
1 pain in the head
• ADJ. bad, severe, terrible, violent
I
mild, slight
I
dull
I
pounding, splitting, throbbing
I
migraine, tension
He
developed a severe migraine headache.
• VERB
+
HEADACHE have, suffer from
Tve got a split-
ting headache.

I
get, develop
We all get headaches from
time to time.
I
complain of
The workers had complained
of headaches and nausea.
I
bring on, cause, give sb
Ex-
haust fumes made him drowsy and brought on a head-
ache.
0
Red wine gives me a headache.
I
plead
She had left
theparty early,pleading a headache.
• HEADACHE
+
NOUN pill, tablet
~ Special page at ILLNESS
2sb/sth that causes worry/difficulty
• ADJ. big, major, real
I
constant
• PREP. -for
Uneven cashfloto proved to be a major head-
achefor the company.

heading
noun
• ADJ. broad, general
Books on bridges should be listed
under' bridges' and not under a broader heading such as
'engineering'.
I
main, major
I
chapter, page, section
I
subject, topic
I
letter
With the computer, we can print our
own letter headings.
• VERB
+
HEADING come under, fall under
These
drugs come under the heading of non-medical substances.
• PREP. under a/the -
I'ue organized what I have to say
about unemployment under three main headings.
headlights
noun
• ADJ. dimmed, undimmed
I kept my headlights
undimmed along the country lanes.
368

• VERB
+
HEADLIGHTS put on, switch on, turn on
I
dip
I
flash
Hejlashed his headlights at the oncoming car.
• HEADLIGHTS
+
VERB be (full) on
I
blaze, flash,
shine
The headlights shone on empty streets as we drove
through the town.
I
pick sth out
My headlights finally
picked out a road sign.
I
sweep
The car's headlights
swept across thefront of the house.
• PHRASES the glare of headlights
headline
noun
1title of an article in a newspaper
• ADJ. newspaper, tabloid
'Carnage at Airport',

screamed the tabloid headline.
I
banner, front-page
I
screaming
I
lurid
lurid headlines about the sex lives of
the stars
I
sporting, sports
• VERB
+
HEADLINE carry, have, run
The Guardian
carried the front-page headline 'Drugs Firms Shamed'.
I
read, scan, see
Ljust had time to scan the headlines before
leaving for work.
I
be in, capture, dominate, grab, hit,
hog, make -s
She's always in the headlines.
0
He always
manages tograb the headlines.
0
The hospital hit the head-
lines when a number of suspicious deaths occurred.

0
The
story has been hogging the headlines for weeks.
0
The story
was important enough to make the headlines.
• HEADLINE
+
VERB proclaim sth, read sth, say sth,
scream
sth'
The Sunday Observer had a headline saying,
'Pop Star Arrested on Drugs Charges'.
• HEADLINE
+
NOUN news
'Queen Mother goes on
Holiday' is hardly headline news!
• PREP. in a/the -
The most unusual fact in the story is
often used in the headline.
under a/the -
The Daily Gazette
ran a story under the headline 'Pope's Last Words'.
with
a/the -
a story in the newspaper with the headline' Woman
Gives Birth on Train'
I -
about

There was a banner head-
line about drugs in schools.
• PHRASES make headline news
The engagement of the
two tennis stars made headline news.
2the headlines main news stories on Tv/radio
• ADJ.
news
• VERB
+
HEADLINES hear, listen to
Let's just hear the
news headlines.
I
look at, see, watch
headquarters
noun
• ADJ. international, local, national, regional
I
per-
manent
I
temporary
I
field
I
enemy
I
rebel
I

adminis-
trative, campaign, operational
I
army, military
I
police
I
business, company, corporate, group
I
party
• VERB
+
HEADQUARTERS have
The organtzation has
its headquarters in Brussels.
I
establish, set up
The com-
pany has set up its European headquarters in the UK.
I
open
I
close
They're planning
to
close their head-
quarters in Washington.
• PREP. at (the)-
They're very worried about this at head-
quarters.

0
She works at the company's headquarters.
heal
verb
• ADV completely, properly
The wound hasn't healed
properly yet.
I
partially
I
beautifully, nicely, well
I
grad-
ually, slowly
I
quickly
I
eventually, finally
I
up
The
wound healed up very nicely.
health
noun
• ADJ. excellent, full, good, perfect
I
bad, declining,
delicate, failing, fragile, frail, ill, poor
He had
to

retire due
to
ill health.
I
general, mental, physical, sexual
I
envir-
onmental, occupational
environmental health officers
I
public
The poisoned food has been removedfrom the shops
and there is no threat
to
public health.
I
human
• VERB + HEALTH enjoy, have
She's never really
enjoyed good health.
I
look after, maintain
You need
to
maintain your physical and mental health.
I
improve
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ways to improve the nation's general health
I promote

a
programme topromote better health in the workplace
I
re-
cover, regain
I
nurse sb back to
She was nursed back to
full health.
I
damage, harm, ruin, undermine
I
risk
• HEALTH
+
VERB
improve
Her health gradually im-
proved.
I
deteriorate, fail, worsen
His health began to
fail under the heavy pressures of thejob.
• HEALTH + NOUN careHowisprimaryhealthcarebest
delivered?
I
authority, board
the district/ local/regional
health authority
I

issue, needs, problem
I
hazard, risk
I education I centre
a community health centre
I
insur-
ance
private health insurance
I
food
health food stores
I
professional, visitor, worker
Your doctor, midwife or
health visitor will advise.
I
warning
The air quality was
so bad that the government issued a health warning.
I
minister
• PHRASES
bad/good for your health
Smoking
is
bad.for
your health.
health and safely
health and safety at work

(not) in the best of health, in good/poor health
Hefelt in
much better health.
sb's state of health
He
is
unable to
traoelfar because of his state of health.
health service
noun
• ADJ.
comprehensive, good
I
free
I
community, fam-
ily, national, public
• VERB
+
HEALTH SERVICE
manage, run
the problems
of managing the health service
I
establish, introduce,
set up
plans to set up a national health service
I improve,
reform
I

finance, pay for I nationalize, privatize
• HEALTH SERVICE + VERB
provide sth
The health
service can't provide cosmetic surgery.
• HEALTH SERVICE
+
NOUN
employee, manager, offi-
cial, staff, worker
• PREP.
in the-
a shortage of labour in the health service
on the -
Are you going to have your operation done on the
national health service?
under the -
This treatment
is
dif-
ficult to obtain under the national health service.
within
the -
decision-making within the health service
healthy adj.
1 not ill
• VERBS
appear, be, be born, feel, look, seem I be-
come I keep, remain, stay I make sb
Working in the

open air has made him very healthy.
I keep sb
Her good
diet had kept her healthy.
• ADV
extremely, fantastically, really, very
I
perfectly
He's aperfectly healthy child.
I
fairly, quite, reasonably I
apparently
The rare disorder strikes apparently healthy
boys between the ages of five and twelve.
I disgustingly
(informal, ironic) You look disgustingly healthy! How do
you manage it?
I
otherwise
She looked pale, but other-
wise healthy.
I mentally, physically
• PHRASES
fit and healthy
2 producing good health
• VERBS
be I consider sth
a new diet which is con-
sidered much healthier than previous ones
• ADV.

extremely, very
We have a very healthy diet.
quite
Their lifestyle is quite healthy.
I
generally
3 working well
• VERBS
be
I
remain
• ADV.
extremely, very
The economy
is
extremely healthy
at the moment.
I
fairly, quite, reasonably, relatively
I
basically, fundamentally, generally I financially
heap
noun
• ADJ.
big, great, large I little, small
I
crumpled, un-
tidy
I
compost, manure, muck, rubbish, scrap, slag,

spoil
colliery spoil heaps
• VERB + HEAP
be piled in
Papers were piled in great
heaps on the desk.
I
collapse in, fall (down) in
(both fig-
urative) He collapsed in an exhausted heap on thefloor:
369
hearing
• PREP.
in a/the -
His clothes lay in a crumpled heap on
thefloor:
on/onto a/the -
Throw the potato peelings on the
compost heap.
I
-of
agreat heap of stones
• PHRASES
the bottom/top of the heap
(figurative)
These workers are at the bottom of the economic heap.
hear
verb
1 be aware of sounds
• ADV.

clearly, well
He's getting old and he can't hear
very well.
I
just!
couldjust hear the music in the distance.
I
distantly
Distantly he heard the report of another gun.
I
aright, correctly'
Sheep?' It sounded
so
unlikely that Julia
did not think she could have heard aright.
• VERB
+
HEAR
can/could
Can you hear me clearly at
the back?
I
pretend not to
I
strain to
2 be told about sth
• VERB
+
HEAR
be delighted to, be glad to, be grati-

fied to, be pleased to
I was delighted to hear about your
promotion.
I be sorry to
I was sorry to hear of your
father's death.
I
be interested to, be surprised to
I was
surprised to hear that she was married.
I want to
I told
Michael what he wanted to hear.
I
let sb
Let's hear you
sing, then.
0
You'd better not let Dad hear you say that.
• PREP.
aboutFve
heard about this sort of thing before.
of
On hearing of his plight, the council offered him a home.
• PHRASES
hear little, a lot, nothing, etc. about sth
We
hear very little about these issues nowadays.
hearing
noun

1 ability to hear
• ADJ.
acute, excellent, good, normal, sharp I bad, im-
paired, poor
• VERB
+
HEARING
have, possess
Whales have acute
hearing.
I lose
She lost her hearing when she was a child.
I get back, regain
Is there any chance that he'll get his
hearing back?
I affect, impair, make worse
• HEARING
+
VERB
deteriorate, get worse, go
His
hearing began to deteriorate.
0
Her hearing was already
going.
I come back, get better, improve
Two months
after the accident her hearing came back.
• HEARING
+

NOUN
impairment, loss, problems
I
aid
to have/wear a hearing aid
I person
a course in sign lan-
guagefor both deaf and hearing people
• PHRASES
hard of hearing
You'll have to speak more
loudly. I'm afraid she's rather hard of hearing.
2 trial in a court of law/similar investigation
• ADJ.
final, preliminary
I
fair
I
formal, full I open,
public
I
private, secret
I
oral
I
appeal, custody, dis-
ciplinary, petition, pre-trial
I
committee, congression-
al, court, tribunal

• VERB
+
HEARING
conduct, hold
Most councils hold
hearings in public.
I
ask for, call for, demand
Protesters
are calling for a public hearing.
I
get, have
She said that
she had had a veryfair hearing from the disciplinary tri-
bunal.
I
attend I adjourn I tell
The hearing was told
that the child had been left with a 14-year-oldbabysitter.
• HEARING
+
VERB
take place I begin, open
• PREP.
at a/the -
At a preliminary hearing the judge an-
nounced that the trial would begin on March 21.
in a/the-
She was granted a divorce in afioe-minute hearing.
pend-

ing althe -
Pending the hearing of the case by the court, the
business will be allowed to continue trading.
without a-
A
High Court judge dismissed the case without a hearing.
3 chance for an opinion to be considered
• ADJ.
fair, sympathetic
• VERB
+
HEARING
give sb/sthAt
least give our ideas a
fair hearing beforeyou reject them.
I
get
You haven't got
much chance ofyour plan getting a sympathetic hearing.
I
deserve
Their views deserve a hearing.
• PREP.
-for
All I'm.asking
is
afair hearingfor my ideas.
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hearsay
hearsay

noun
• VERB
+
HEARSAY
be based on, rely on
Her judge-
ments are based on hearsay rather than evidence.
• HEARSAY
+
NOUN
evidence
• PREP. by -
She discovered a world of parties and pleas-
ure she had hitherto only known by hearsay.
from -
They
started topiece the story togetherfrom hearsay.
heart
noun
1 part of the body
• ADJ.
healthy, strong
I
bad, weak
I
artificial
I
human
• HEART
+

VERB
beat
I
pump sth
The heart pumps
blood through the body.
I
fail, stop
I
hammer, palpitate,
pound, race, throb, thud, thump
• HEART
+
NOUN
rate
I
complaint, condition, defect,
disease, failure, murmur, problem, trouble I bypass,
operation, surgery, transplant
a triple heart bypass oper-
ation
0
open-heart surgery
2 feelings/emotions
• ADJ.
big, good, kind, soft, tender, warm
I
cold, hard
I
broken

I
heavy, sinking
With a heavy heart, she watched
him go.
I
light
He set off with a light heart.
• VERB
+
HEART
have
She has a kind heart.
o
Haoe you
no heart?
I
break
He broke her heart.
I gladden
I
steal,
win
I
harden
I
open, pour out
Finally, he broke down
tears and poured out his heart to her.
• HEART
+

VERB
jump, leap, lurch, miss/skip a beat
Her heart leapt with joy.
I
ache
My heart aches when I
think of their sorrow.
I desire sth
everything your heart
could desire
I
sink I go out
Our hearts go out to
(=
we
sympathize deeply with)
thefamilies of the victims.
• PREP.
at-At heart he is a republican.
from the-
Icould
tell he spokefrom the heart.
in your-
In my heart, I knew it
wasn't true.
• PHRASES
an affair of the heart
(=
a romance)
Her

novels tend to deal with affairs of the heart
a change of
heart
(=
a change of attitude)
He could have a change of
heart and settle down tofamily life.
from the bottom of
your heart
I begyou.from the bottom of my heart, to spare
his life.
heart and soul
He committed himself heart and
soul to the cause.
have a heart of gold/stone
(=
to be a
kind/cruel person)
(=
no sympathetic feelings), the
hearts and minds of sb
to win the hearts and minds of the
nation's youth
in good heart
(=
cheerful and well), put
some/more heart into sth
Let's sing it one more timefrom
the beginning-s-and put some heart into it!
sick at heart

(=
very unhappy), with all your heart
I wish you well with all
my heart.
3 important/central part
• ADJ.
very
• VERB
+
HEART
lie at
The distinction between right
and wrong lies at the heart of all questions of morality.
I
go to
The committee's report went to the heart of the gov-
ernment's dilemma.
• PREP.
at the -
the issue at the heart of modern govern-
ment
I
-of
Welive in the very heart of the city.
• PHRASES
the heart of the matter/problem
4 playing card
c;:.
Note at
CARD

heart attack
noun
• ADJ.
fatal
I
massive, serious
She died of a massive
heart attack.
I
mild, minor
I
suspected
• VERB
+
HEART ATTACK
have, suffer
He suffered a
fatal heart attack while cycling.
I
die from/of
c;:.
Special pageat
ILLNESS
heartbeat
noun
• ADJ.
irregular, regular
I
racing
She was suddenly

aware of her racing heartbeat.
• VERB
+
HEARTBEAT
monitor
I
feel
370
• PHRASES
the sound/thud of a heartbeat
I could feel
the thud of my heartbeat.
heartland
noun
• ADJ.
agricultural, industrial
the industrial heartland
of Germany
I
Conservative, Labour, etc.
I
traditional
• PREP.
in a/the-
The party has lost seats in its tradition-
al heartland of southern Thailand.
heat
noun
1 being hot/level of temperature
• ADJ.

burning, fierce, great, intense, searing, terrible,
tremendous
The soil is baked dry by thefierce heat of the
sun.
I gentle
I
excess, excessive
If circulation is im-
paired, the body cannot loseexcess heat.
I
red, white
(often
figurative) Everything he did was at white heat and light-
ning speed.
I
blood, body
• VERB
+
HEAT
feel
We could feel the tremendous heat
comingfrom thefire.
I
disperse, dissipate, give out, lose
Even after the sun had set, the stones continued togive out
heat.
I
conserve, retain
The thick walls retain the heat.
I

absorb
Darker surfaces absorb heat.
I conduct
Being a
metal, aluminium readily conducts heat.
I
generate, pro-
duce, provide, radiate
Computers,faxes and photocopiers
all generate heat of their own.
I
withstand
a material
which can withstand heats of up to 2 OOO'C
• HEAT
+
VERB
build up, increase
He tried to ignore the
heat building up in the confined space.
• HEAT
+
NOUN
loss
I
exhaustion, stress, stroke
(also heatstroke)
She slumped to the ground, near to heat
exhaustion.
• PREP.

-from
the heatfrom. thefire
2 hot weather/conditions
• ADJ.
baking, blazing, blinding, blistering, boiling, ex-
treme, great, intense, oppressive, scorching, searing,
shimmering, stifling, suffocating, sweltering
We walked
more than ten miles in the blistering heat.
I dry I humid,
steamy, sultry
the steamy heat of New York in summer
I
SO-degree, 90-degree, etc.
I
afternoon, midday, morn-
ing
I
summer
I
desert, tropical
• HEAT
+
VERB
grow
Daily the heat grew.
• HEAT
+
NOUN
haze

A heat haze shimmered above the
fields.
• PREP.
in the-
I can't work in this heat.
• PHRASES
the heat of the day
To avoid the heat of the
day we went out in the mornings.
3 source of heat
• ADJ.
high
I
gentle, low
I
medium, moderate
I
direct
Chocolate should never be melted over direct heat.
I
dry
• VERB
+
HEAT
turn up
Towards the end of the cooking,
turn up the heat to brown the outside.
I
lower, reduce,
turn down

I
remove sth from, take sth off
Bring to the
boil slowly, then remove from the heat.
I
return sth to
Re-
turn the pan to the heat and stir.
• PREP.
off
the-Make sure the pan is off the heat.
on a-
Cook on a low heat for five minutes.
over a -
Simmer the
sauce over agentle heat.
4 strong feelings
• ADJ.
sudden
He stared at her.sudden heat in his eyes.
• HEAT
+
VERB
flare, flood sth, rise
Heat flooded her
cheeks.
• PREP.
in the - of
in the heat of battle/passion
with -

'It
was your hare-brained idea,' Henry said with heat.
with-
out-
She spoke without heat.
• PHRASES
in the heat of the moment
Michael bitterly
regretted those angry words, spoken in the heat of the
moment.
5 race/competition
• ADJ.
qualifying, regional
I
dead
Competition was
fierce, with a dead heat in one of the races
(=
with two com-
petitors finishing in exactly the same time).
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