RELATIVE CLAUSES (Lý thuyết và bài tập đầy đủ)

RELATIVE CLAUSES – MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
I. Định nghĩa mệnh đề quan hệ:
Mệnh đề (Clause) là một phần của câu, nó có thể bao gồm nhiều từ hay có cấu trúc của cả
một câu. Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước nó.
 Xét ví dụ 1: The woman who is wearing the T-shirt is my girlfriend.
Trong câu này phần được viết chữ nghiêng được gọi là một relative clause, nó đứng sau
“the woman” và dùng để xác định danh từ đó. Nếu bỏ mệnh đề này ra chúng ta vẫn có một
câu hoàn chỉnh: The woman is my girlfriend.
 Xét ví dụ 2: The girl is Nam's girlfriend. She is sitting next to me. =>The girl who is
sitting next to me is Nam's girlfriend.
Mệnh đề quan hệ thường được nối với mệnh đề chính bằng các đại từ quan hệ (relative
pronouns): who, whom, which, whose, that......
Mệnh đề quan hệ có hai loại: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác
định.
II. Các loại mệnh đề
a. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clauses)
- Là mệnh đề được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước nó,cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu;
không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa. Tất cả các đại từ quan hệ được sử dụng trong mệnh
đề xác định.
Ví dụ:
 Do you know the name of the man who came here yesterday?
 The man (whom / that) you met yesterday is coming to my house for dinner.
➨ Mệnh đề xác định không có dấu phẩy
b. Mệnh đề không xác định (Non – defining clauses)
- Là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật, không có nó thì câu vẫn
đủ nghĩa.
Ví dụ: Miss Hoa, who taught me English, has just got married.
➨ Mệnh đề không xác định có dấu phẩy và Mệnh đề này không được dùng “That”
III. Các dạng mệnh đề Quan hệ
A. Relative Pronouns (Đại từ quan hệ)
Đại từ

quan hệ

Cách sử dụng

Ví dụ

Who

Làm chủ ngữ, đại diện ngôi
người

I told you about the woman who lives next
door.

which

Làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ,
đại diện ngôi đồ vật, động
vật.
Bổ sung cho cả câu đứng
trước nó

Do you see the cat which is lying on the
roof?
He couldn’t read which surprised me

whose

Chỉ sở hữu cho người và vật

Do you know the boy whose mother is a
nurse?


whom

That

Đại diện cho tân ngữ chỉ
người

This is the man whom you met yesterday.

Đại diện cho chủ ngữ chỉ
người, vật, đặc biệt trong
mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
(who, which vẫn có thể sử
dụng được)

I don’t like the table that stands in the
kitchen.

Các đại từ quan hệ:
1. WHO:
- Làm chủ từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
 ….. N (person) + WHO + V + O
Ví dụ: The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
2. WHOM:
- làm túc từ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
 …..N (person) + WHOM + S + V
Ví dụ: George is a person whom I admire very much
3. WHICH:
- làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật
 ….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
 ….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V
The machine which broke down is working again now
4. THAT:
 Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định:
Là mệnh đề cần phải có trong câu, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính sẽ không có nghĩa rõ ràng.
Đối với loại câu này, đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ có thể được bỏ đi. Ta có thể dùng
từ that thay thế cho who, whom, which...
 Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định:
Trước và sau mệnh đề này phải có dấu (,). Trường hợp này ta KHÔNG ĐƯỢC dùng từ
“that” thay thế cho who, whom, which và không được bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong mệnh đề
này.
Ví dụ 1: My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old ➨ My father, who is fifty years
old, is a doctor.
Ví dụ 2: Mr Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him. ➨ Mr
Brown, who(m) we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.
 Trường hợp bắt buộc dùng that và không được dùng that:
Trường hợp phải dùng that: sau một danh từ hỗn hợp (vừa chỉ người, vừa chỉ vật hoặc đồ
vật). Ví dụ: We can see a lot of people and cattle that are going to the field
- Sau đại từ bất định:
Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.
- Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, ALL, EVERY, VERY, ONLY:

Ex: This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
All that is mine is yours.
You are the only person that can help us.
- Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính là …)
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence. (Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.)
 Trường hợp không dùng that: mệnh đề có dấu (,), ĐTQH có giới từ đứng
trước.
Lưu ý: giới từ chỉ đứng trước whom và which, không đứng trước who và that
Ví dụ: Peter, who/whom I played tennis with on Sunday, was fitter than me.
Or: Peter, with whom I played tennis on Sunday, was fitter than me.
Not: Peter, with who I played tennis on Sunday, was fitter than me.
5. WHOSE:
Đại từ dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his,
their, hoặc hình thức ‘s
…..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V ….
Ví dụ: I met someone whose brother I went to school with
B. Relative adverb (Trạng từ quan hệ)
Trạng từ quan hệ có thể được sử dụng thay cho một đại từ quan hệ và giới từ. Cách làm
này sẽ làm cho câu dễ hiểu hơn.
Ví dụ: This is the shop in which I bought my bike. ➨ This is the shop where I bought my
bike.
Trạng
từquan hệ

Nghĩa

Cách sử dụng

Ví dụ

when

in/on
which

Đại diện cho
cụm thời gian

the day when we met
him

where

in/at
which

Đại diện cho
nơi chốn

the place where we
met him

why

for
which

Đại diện cho lí
do

the reason why we
met him

1. WHY:
Trạng từ quan hệ why mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the
reason, for that reason.
…..N (reason) + WHY + S + V …
Ví dụ 1: I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason. → I don’t know
the reason why you didn’t go to school.
Ví dụ 2: I don't know the reason. You didn't go to school for that reason. =>I don't know
the reason why you didn't go to school.
2. WHERE:
Trạng từ quan hệ để thay thế cho các từ/cụm từ chỉ địa điểm, nơi chốn.
….N (place) + WHERE + S + V …. (WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)


Ví dụ 1: a/ The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed t that hotel. → The hotel where we
stayed wasn’t very clean.
Ví dụ 2: This is my hometown. I was born and grew up here. => This is my hometown
where I was born and grew up.
Ví dụ 3: The restaurant where we had Lunch was near the airport.
3. WHEN:
Là trạng từ quan hệ để thay thế cho cụm từ/từ chỉ thời gian.
….N (time) + WHEN + S + V … (WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ví dụ 1: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.
➨ Do you still remember the day when we first met?
➨ Do you still remember the day on which we first met?
Ví dụ 2: I don’t know the time. She will come back then. ➨ I don’t know the time when
she will come back.
That was the day. I met my wife on this day. ➨That was the day when I met my wife.

Lưu ý cần nhớ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
1. Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề
quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom và which.)
Ví dụ: Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
 ➨ Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher.
 ➨ Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher.
2. Có thể dùng which thay cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước.
 Ví dụ: She can’t come to my birthday party. That makes me sad. → She can’t come
to my birthday party, which makes me sad.
3. Ở vị trí túc từ, whom có thể được thay bằng who.
 Ví dụ: I’d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party.
4. Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định , chúng ta có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm túc
từ:whom, which.
 Ví dụ: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend. The book you lent me was
very interesting.
5. Các cụm từ chỉ số lượng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of … có
thể được dùng trước whom, which và whose.
 Ví dụ 1: I have two sisters, both of whom are students. She tried on three dresses,
none of which fitted her.
 Ví dụ 2: Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers. ---> Daisy has three
brothers, all of whom are teachers.
 Ví dụ 3: He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them. ---> He
asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.
6. KHÔNG dùng THAT, WHO sau giới từ.
 Ví dụ: The house in that I was born is for sale.
EXERCISE 1:
Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành các câu sau hoặc chọn đáp án có câu gần nghĩa
nhất với câu gốc:
1.
She is talking about the author________book is one of the best-sellers

this year.
A. which
B. whose
C. that
D. who
2.
He bought all the books__________are needed for the next exam.


A. that
B. what
C. those
D. who
3.
The children,__________parents are famous teachers, are taught well.
A. that
B. whom
C. whose
D. their
4.
Do you know the boy________we met at the party last week?
A. which
B. whose
C. who
D. whom
5.
The exercises which we are doing________very easy.
A. is
B. has been
C. are

D. was
6.
The man_______next to me kept talking during the film,
_______really
annoyed me.
A. having sat / that
B. sitting / which
C. to sit / what
D. sitting / who
7.
Was Neil Armstrong the first person________foot on the moon?
A. set
B. setting
C. to set
D. who was set
8.
This is the village in________my family and I have lived for over 20 years.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. where
9.
My mother,________everyone admires, is a famous teacher.
A. where
B. whom
C. which
D. whose
10. The old building__________is in front of my house fell down.
A. of which
B. which

C. whose
D. whom
11. We need a teacher__________native language is English.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. that
12. I bought a T- shirt________is very nice.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. that
l3.
The woman,________was sitting in the meeting hall, didn't seem friendly to us at
all.
A. who
B. whom
C. where
D. when
14. The man with__________I have been working is very friendly.
A. who
B. that
C which
D. whom
15. We'll come in May__________the schools are on holiday.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
EXERCISE 2 Chọn đáp án có lỗi sai cần được sửavà sửa lại:

1.
The man for (A) who the police (B) are looking (C) robbed (D) the bank last week.
2.
Today, (A) the number of people (B) whom moved into this city (C) is almost
double (D) that of twenty years ago.
3.
They work (A) with (B) a person (C) his name (D) is John.
4.
(A) The man (B) whom you (C) are looking for (D) living in this neighborhood.
5.
(A) His father warned (B) him not (C) repeating (D) that mistake again.
6.
My mother (A) will fly to Ha Noi, (B) that is (C) the capital city (D) of Vietnam.
7.
She (A) is (B) the most beautiful girl (C) whose I have (D) ever met.
8.
Every student (A) who (B) majors in English (C) are ready to participate (D) in this
contest.
9.
(A) The policeman must try (B) to catch those people (C) whom drive
(D) dangerously.
10.
The person (A) about who (B) I told you yesterday (C) is coming here
(D) tomorrow.
11.
(A) Mother's Day is (B) the day when children show (C) their love to their mother
(D) one.


12.

(A) Do you know (B) the reason (C) when we should learn (D) English?
13.
(A) That is the (B) woman who (C) she told me (D) the news
14.
It
is
(A) complicated (B) because pollution
(C) is caused by
things
(D) when benefit people.
15.
(A) New Year Day is the day (B) where my family members (C) gather and enjoy it
(D) together.
I. Fill each blank with who, whom, whose, which, …..
1. He knows a lot of people ______ live in Dalat.
2. Where is the book ______ he gave you on your birthday ?
3. A deaf person is the one ______ is not able to hear.
4. I met the girl ______ you talked about last night.
5. This is the woman ______ daughter is a doctor .
6. I can’t come to your party, ______ is a pity
7. What’s the name of the girl ______ house has just been sold ?
8. The boy ______ broke the window was arrested.
9. The man ______ we met is working in my office.
10. The boy ______ sister works for your father is my classleader.
11. We will soon gather at the village ____________the festival is taking place.
12. Do you know the mane of the tourist ___________ came and talked about New Year in
Canada?
13. I’m looking for a book ___________ tells us about traditional festivals of Asian
people.
14. I couldn’t go to the show __________was held in Hoi An last summer.

15. This is the photo of a Hero ___________our teacher talked about in the lecture.
16. My brother has told me about the festival ___________ is held in Hue City every two
years.
17. I recently visited the school __________ I used to study five years ago.
18. I couldn’t understand the dance ___________ I saw at the festival last spring.
19. I’m really intersted in the present __________ you gave me on my birthday.
20. Have you seen the photos __________ I took at the camp last week.
II. Choose the best answer:
1. He came and didn’t say anything, ______ worried all of us.
a. that
b. who
c. whom
d. which
2. Marie, ______ I met at the party, called me last night.
a. that
b. whom
c. which
d. whose
3. She’s the woman ______ sister babysits for us.
a. who
b. which
c. that
d. whose
4. The story --------- the teacher told us was very interesting.
a. who
b. whom
c. it
d. which
5. Do you know the girl ---------- is talking to them.
a. who

b. whom
c. which

d. she

6. The test -------- the teacher gave us yesterday was very difficult.
a. which
b. who
c. whom
d. it
7. The people -------- I met at his family were very nice.
a. who
b. they
c. whom

d. which


8. Yoko told me about students __________ have taken the entrance exam 13 times.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. that
9. The secretary....................I talked to didn't know where the meeting was.
a. which
b. whom
c. that
d. θ
10. I need to talk to a person ......................you can trust. You will feel better if you do.
a. whose

b. which
c. whom
d. θ
11. Bob is the kind of person to...................one can talk about anything.
a. who
b. whom
d. that
d. him
12. He is a person...................friends trust him.
a. who
b. his
c. that
d. whose
13. Fm looking for an electric can opener......................also can sharpen knives.
a. who
b. which
c. that
d. θ
14. People .................. live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. θ
15. The problems .................. Tony has seem insurmountable.
a. what
b. he
c. that
d. θ
16. The man ............. I introduced you to last night may be the next president of the
university.

a. which
b. whom
c. that
d. θ
17. Cathy is trustworthy. She's a person upon ............... You can always depend.
a. who
b. whom
c. that
d. θ
18. Your career should focus on a field in...............you are genuinely interested.
a. which
b. what
c. that
d. θ
19. People ................. outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people.
a. whose
b. whom
c. that
d. which
20. Ms. Donaldson,................. teaches linguistics at the university, recently received
recognition for her research.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. that
21. The earth, ................ is the fifth largest planet in the solar system, is the third planet
from the sun.
a. who
b. whom
c. which

d. that
22. The check................I gave Oliver was for work he'd done for me.
a. who
b. which
c. that
d. θ
23. Melanie was looking after a dog..............leg had been broken in an accident.
a. which
b. whose
that
d. its
24. One of the people arrested was Mary Arundel, ................. is a member of the local
council.
a. that
b. who
c. whom
d. 0
25. The Titanic,................sank in 1922, was supposed to be unsinkable.
a. whose
that .
c. which
d. who
26. The Newspaper is owned by the Mearson Group, ....................... chairman is Sir James
Bex.
a. which
c. that
c. who
d. whose
27. She is one of the few people to ............. I look up.
a. who

b. whom
c. that
d. 0
28. Genghis Khan, _________ name means “very mighty ruler”, was a Mongol emperor in
the Middle Ages.
A. whom
B. whose C. who
D. how


29. The children _____ sang at the Mayor's parade were from the local school.
A. whose
B. where
C. who
D. whom
30. The school programme _______ has been interrupted by revision tests requires a
regular course study.
A. whose
B. who
C. what
D. that
31. The girl ______ dress you admire has been working for an export company since she
left school.
A. who B. what
C. whose
D. whom
32. The young man ______ was released after the court was found innocent of all the
charges against him.
A. who B. who he C. which
D. whose

33. Is that the same film ______ we watched last year?
A. when
B. which C. why

D. who

34. The girl _____ I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully.
A. whose
B. from whom
C. from whose
D. whom
35. The first television picture _________ John Logie Baird transmitted on 25 November,
1905 was a boy ______ worked in the office next to Baird's workroom in London.
A. which / whom
B. who / which
C. that / whose
D. that / who
36. Joyce Bews, ______ was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of
England, _______ she still lives, was 100 last year.
A. that / in which
B. who / where C. that / where
D. who / that
37. The pollution ______ they were talking is getting worse.
A. that B. about which
C. which D. whom
38. Robert Riva, an Italian ____ used to play for Cremonese, now coaches the Reigate
under 11's football team.
A. when
B. which C. where
D. who

39. When I was at school, there was a girl in my class ______ skin was so sensitive that
she couldn't expose her skin to the sun even with cream on.
A. where
B. whose C. whom
D. that
40. Unfortunately, the friend with ________ I intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so
I'll have to cancel my trip.
A. who B. whom C. where
D. that
41. The new stadium, ____ will be completed next year, will seat 30,000 spectators.
A. what
B. where C. when
D. which
42. Blenheim Palace, _____ Churchill was born, is now open to the public.
A. when
B. where C. which
D. whose


43. Post office is a place ______ you can buy stamps, mail letters and packages, and
receive mail.
a. that
b. which
c. where
d. in which
44. Do you know the date ______ we have to hand in the essay?
a. which
b. in which c. on that d. when
45. My uncle ______ you met yesterday is a lawyer.
a. which

b. who
c. whose
d. to whom
46. The council is in discussion with Lord Thomas, ______ land most of the village is
built on.
a, who
b. whom
c. whose
d. that
47. These adults, ______ come to my night class, are very eager to learn.
a. whose
b. who
c. that
d. when
48. Regina, ______ you have never met before, is a genius in painting.
a. that
b. whose
c. whom
d. whoever
49. The paintings__________ Mr Flowers has in his house are worth around $ 100,000.
a. which
b. whose
c. what
d. whom
50. Oxford, ______ attracts many tourists, is often crowded in the summer.
a. that
b. which
c. whose
d. where
51. It's the best film ______ has ever been made about madness.

a. which
b. whom
c. whose
d. that
52. She cycled from London to Glasgow, ______ is pretty good for a woman of 75.
a. that
b. what
c. which
d. where
53. Most folk songs are ballads ______ have simple words and tell simple stories.
a. what
b. when
c. where
d. that
54. ______ wins will go on to play Barcelona in the final.
a. Who
b. Whoever c. Which
d. Whichever
55. I think the reason ______ we get on so well is that we both enjoy talking.
a. why
b. which
c. that
d. what
56. Children ______ diets contain high levels of protein do better in examination.
a. who
b. who
c. whose
d. Ø
57. I'm sure that Keith will do well at university, ______ one he goes to.
a. which

b. whichever
c. where
d. wherever
III. Write all the pronouns possible. Write Ø if the sentence is correct without adding a
pronoun.
1. Las Vegas, .................... is located in the State of Nevada, is well-known for its casinos
and night clubs


2. My uncle, ...................... works for a markets research company, is now on a tour of
South-East Asian countries
3. This film was made by Steven Spielberg, .................... has won several Oscar prizes
4. Go along this street until you come to the second traffic lights. Turn lef and you can
see the National Bank, .................... is just opposite the big supermarket
5. Mrs May, .................... husband teaches mathematics in this school, is also a teacher
of English
6. Mr Long, .................... house is next to mine, has been in hospital for a week because
of a car acident
7. She bought me this new pairs of shoes, .................... didn’t fit me well
8. HIs letter, .................... I received two days ao, is full of interesting news
9. My friend Tam, .................... sister is an actress, often gets free tickets for the theater
10. The man to .................... she got married turned out to be a married an with three
children
11. Jack, .................... leg is still in bandages, won’t play the next match
12. The London train .................... should arrive at 2.30 is late
13. My sister, .................... you once met, is coming to visit us tomorrow
14. THis case, .................... I carried all the way from the station
15. Amanda, .................... husband died a few months ago, is now looking for a job
16. We talk about the party .................... Sarah wants to organise for my birthday.
17. To get to Frank's house, take the main road .................... bypasses the village.

18. The paintings .................... Mr. Flowers has in his house are worth around £100,000.
19. Mrs. Richmond .................... is 42, has three children,
20. Don is a friend .................... I stayed with in Australia.
21. She was probably the hardest working student .................... I've ever taught.
22. Stevenson is an architect .................... designs have won international praise.
23. The Roman coins, .................... a local farmer came across in a field, are now
displayed in the National Museum.
24. Dorothy said something .................... I couldn't hear clearly.
25. There was a little .................... we could do to help her.
26. He received a low mark for his essay, .................... was only one page long.
27. We need to learn from companies .................... trading is more healthy than our own.
28. Professor Johnson, .................... I have long admired, is visiting the University next
week.
29. The man .................... I introduced to you last night may be the next president of the
university.
30. These walls are all .................... remain of the city.
31. He just said anything ………………….. came into his head.
32. Thieves ………………. stole paintings from Notfort art gallery have been arrested in
Paris.
33. It may be the most important decision ………………… you will ever take.
34. The boy………………….took the photograph was paid £100.
35. The Southam Chess Club, ………………… has more than 50 members, meets weekly
on Friday evenings.
36. The clock makes a noise ……………………. keeps me awake at night.
37. I heard many different accents in the room, but none ………………. I could identify
as British.
38. She is one of the kindest people ……………………. I know.


39.

40. That is the man. He bought her car last month. 
……………………………………………………………..
41. Those are the books. He has just bought them from the bookstore.
………………………………………………………………………..
42. The students are from China, They are sitting in the front row.
………………………………………………………………………..
43. I like the girl. I met met her at the party last night. 
…………………………………………………………..
44. The boy is very happy, He won the race yesterday. 
…………………………………………………………..
45. The teacher liked the composition. She wrote it last Monday.
………………………………………………………………………..
46. The people are very friendly. We visited the two week ago.
………………………………………………………………………..
47. The book is very interesting. It was written by Jane Austen.
………………………………………………………………………..
48. The lady gave me good advice. I spoke to her an hour ago.
………………………………………………………………………..
49. Is that the computer? Your father bought it last month?
…………………………………………………………..