Cisco CCNA in 60 days learn to master the hands on labs, ace technical questions and pass the CCNA 2nd edition

CISCO CCNA
in 60 Days

Paul Browning (LLB Hons) CCNP, MCSE
Farai Tafa CCIE
Daniel Gheorghe CCIE
Dario Barinic CCIE


This study guide and/or material is not sponsored by, endorsed by, or affiliated with Cisco
Systems, Inc., Cisco®, Cisco Systems®, CCDA™, CCNA™, CCDP™, CCNP™, CCIE™, and CCSI™. The
Cisco Systems logo and the CCIE logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco Systems,
Inc., in the United States and certain other countries. All other trademarks are trademarks of
their respective owners.
Copyright Notice
Copyright ©2014, Paul Browning, all rights reserved. No portion of this book may be
reproduced mechanically, electronically, or by any other means, including photocopying,
without written permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 978-0-9569892-9-1
Published by:
Reality Press Ltd.
Midsummer Court
314 Midsummer Blvd.
Milton Keynes
UK
MK9 2UB

Legal Notice
The advice in this book is designed to help you achieve the standard of the Cisco Certified
Network Associate (CCNA) exam, which is Cisco’s foundation internetworking examination. A

CCNA is able to carry out basic router and switch installations and troubleshooting. Before you
carry out more complex operations, it is advisable to seek the advice of experts or Cisco
Systems, Inc.
The practical scenarios in this book are meant to illustrate a technical point only and should be
used only on your privately owned equipment, never on a live network.


TableofContents
Acknowledgements
Contributors
About the Authors
Paul Browning
Farai Tafa
Daniel Gheorghe
Dario Barinic
Preface
Read This First!
Extra Study Materials
Getting Hands-on Time
Does CCNA in 60 Days Work?
Introduction to the Second Edition
Free Stuff
FAQs
How the Programme Works
Are You Ready?
Exam Questions
Your Study Plan
Preparation Day
Day 1 – Networks, Cables, OSI, and TCP Models
Day 1 Tasks

Network Devices
Common Network Devices
LAN and WAN Topologies

OSI and TCP Models
The OSI Model
OSI Troubleshooting
The TCP/IP, or DoD, Model

TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)


Internet Protocol (IP)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Proxy ARP
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
Gratuitous Address Resolution Protocol (GARP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

Cables and Media
LAN Cables
WAN Cables

Connecting to a Router
Router Modes
Configuring a Router

Day 1 Questions
OSI/TCP Model Questions
Cable Questions

Day 1 Answers
OSI/TCP Model Answers
Cable Answers

Day 1 Lab
IOS Command Navigation Lab

Day 2 – CSMA/CD, Switching, and VLANs
Day 2 Tasks
Switching Basics
Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detection
Collision and Broadcast Domians
Auto-negotiation
Switching Frames

Switching Concepts
The Need for Switches
Ethernet Frames
Initial Switch Configuration

Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs)

VLAN Marking
VLAN Membership
VLAN Links
Access Links
Trunking
Configuring VLANs

Basic Switching Troubleshooting
Common Switch Issues
VLAN Assignment Issues

Day 2 Questions
Day 2 Answers
Day 2 Lab
Switching Concepts Lab

Day 3 – Trunking, DTP, and Inter-VLAN Routing
Day 3 Tasks
Configuring and Verifying Trunk Links
Manual (Static) Trunk Configuration
Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)
IEEE 802.1Q Native VLAN
Inter-VLAN Routing

VTP
Configuring VTP
VTP Modes
VTP Pruning

Configuration Revision Number

Basic VLAN Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Trunking and VTP
Troubleshooting Inter-VLAN Routing
Day 3 Questions
Day 3 Answers
Day 3 Labs
VLAN and Trunking Lab
VTP Lab

Day 4 – Router and Switch Security
Day 4 Tasks
Protecting Physical Access
Console Access


Telnet Access
Protecting Enable Mode
Protecting User Access
Updating the IOS
Router Logging
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Securing the Switch
Prevent Telnet Access
Enable SSH
Set an Enable Secret Password
Services
Change the Native VLAN
Change the Management VLAN

Turn Off CDP
Add a Banner Message
Set a VTP Password
Restrict VLAN Information
Error Disable Recovery
External Authentication Methods
Router Clock and NTP

Shut Down Unused Ports
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
Switch Port Security
CAM Table Overflow Attacks
MAC Spoofing Attacks
Port Security Secure Addresses
Port Security Actions
Configuring Port Security
Configuring Static Secure MAC Addresses
Verifying Static Secure MAC Address Configuration
Configuring Dynamic Secure MAC Addresses
Verifying Dynamic Secure MAC Addresses
Configuring Sticky Secure MAC Addresses
Configuring the Port Security Violation Action
Verifying the Port Security Violation Action

Day 4 Questions
Day 4 Answers
Day 4 Labs
Basic Router Security Lab

Basic Switch Security Lab

Day 5 – IP Addressing
Day 5 Tasks
IP Addressing
IP Version 4
Binary
Hexadecimal
Converting Exercise

Address Classes
Subnet Mask Primer

Using IP Addresses
Private IP Addresses

Subnetting
Easy Subnetting
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
The Subnetting Secrets Chart

Route Summarisation
ZIP Codes
Route Summarisation Prerequisites
Applying Route Summarisation

Variable Length Subnet Masking
Using VLSM
Slicing Down Networks

Troubleshooting IP Addressing Issues
Troubleshooting Subnet Mask and Gateway Issues

Day 5 Questions
Day 5 Answers
Answers for the conversion exercises
Day 5 Lab
IP Addressing on Routers Lab
Binary Conversion and Subnetting Practice

Day 6 – Network Address Translation
Day 6 Tasks
NAT Basics
Configuring and Verifying NAT
Static NAT
Dynamic NAT or NAT Pool


NAT Overload/Port Address Translation/One-Way NAT

Troubleshooting NAT
Day 6 Questions
Day 6 Answers
Day 6 Labs
Static NAT Lab
NAT Pool Lab
NAT Overload Lab

Day 7 – IPv6
Day 7 Tasks

History of IPv6
Fit for Purpose?
Why Migrate?
Hex Numbering

IPv6 Addressing
IPv6 Address Representation
The Preferred Form
Compressed Representation
IPv6 Addresses with an Embedded IPv4 Address

The Different IPv6 Address Types
Link-Local Addresses
Site-Local Addresses
Aggregate Global Unicast Addresses
Multicast Addresses
Anycast Addresses
Loopback Addresses
Unspecified Addresses

IPv6 Protocols and Mechanisms
ICMP for IPv6
IPv6 Stateful Autoconfiguration
IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration
Configuring Stateless DHCPv6
Enabling IPv6 Routing in Cisco IOS Software

IPv6 Compared to IPv4
Day 7 Questions
Day 7 Answers

Day 7 Lab
IPv6 Concepts Lab


Hex Conversion and Subnetting Practice

Day 8 – Integrating IPv4 and IPv6 Network Environments
Day 8 Tasks
IPv4 and IPv6 Dual-Stack Implementations
Implementing Dual-Stack Support in Cisco IOS Software
Configuring Static IPv4 and IPv6 Host Addresses in Cisco IOS Software
Configuring IPv4 and IPv6 DNS Servers in Cisco IOS Software
Day 8 Questions
Day 8 Answers
Day 8 Labs
IPv4 – IPv6 Basic Integration Lab
IPv4 – IPv6 Tunnelling Lab

Day 9 – Access Control Lists
Day 9 Tasks
ACL Basics
Port Numbers
Access Control List Rules
ACL Rule 1 – Use only one ACL per interface per direction.
ACL Rule 2 – The lines are processed top-down.
ACL Rule 3 – There is an implicit “deny all” at the bottom of every ACL.
ACL Rule 4 – The router can’t filter self-generated traffic.
ACL Rule 5 – You can’t edit a live ACL.
ACL Rule 6 – Disable the ACL on the interface.
ACL Rule 7 – You can reuse the same ACL.

ACL Rule 8 – Keep them short!
ACL Rule 9 – Put your ACL as close to the source as possible.

Wildcard Masks
Configuring Access Control Lists
Standard ACLs
Extended ACLs
Named ACLs
Applying ACLs

ACL Sequence Numbers
Add an ACL Line
Remove an ACL Line
Resequence an ACL

ACL Logging


Using ACLs to Limit Telnet and SSH Access
Troubleshooting and Verifying ACLs
Verifying the ACL Statistics
Verifying the Permitted Networks
Verifing the ACL Interface and Direction

Day 9 Questions
Day 9 Answers
Day 9 Labs
Standard ACL Lab
Extended ACL Lab
Named ACL Lab

Day 10 – Routing Concepts
Day 10 Tasks
Basic Routing
Packet Forwarding
Internet Protocol Routing Fundamentals
Flat and Hierarchical Routing Algorithms
IP Addressing and Address Summarisation
Administrative Distance
Routing Metrics
Prefix Matching

Classful and Classless Protocols
Passive Interfaces
Routing Protocol Classes
Understanding Vectors
Distance Vector Routing Protocols
Link State Routing Protocols

The Objectives of Routing Protocols
Optimal Routing
Stability
Ease of Use
Flexibility
Rapid Convergence

Routing Problems Avoidance Mechanisms
Topology-Based (CEF) Switching
Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)
The Adjacency Table

Accelerated and Distributed CEF


Configuring Cisco Express Forwarding
Verifying That Routing Is Enabled
Verifying That the Routing Table Is Valid
Verifying the Correct Path Selection

Day 10 Questions
Day 10 Answers
Day 10 Lab
Routing Concepts Lab

Day 11 – Static Routing
Day 11 Tasks
Configuring Static Routes
Configuring Static IPv6 Routes
Troubleshooting Static Routes
Day 11 Questions
Day 11 Answers
Day 11 Lab
Static Routes Lab

Day 12 – OSPF Basics
Day 12 Tasks
Open Shortest Path First
OSPF Overview and Fundamentals
Link State Fundamentals
OSPF Fundamentals

OSPF Configuration
Enabling OSPF in Cisco IOS Software
Enabling OSPF Routing for Interfaces or Networks
OSPF Areas
OSPF Router ID
OSPF Passive Interfaces

Day 12 Questions
Day 12 Answers
Day 12 Lab
Basic OSPF Lab

Day 13 – OSPFv3
Day 13 Tasks
OSPF Version 3


Cisco IOS Software OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 Configuration Differences
Configuring and Verifying OSPFv3 in Cisco IOS Software
Day 13 Questions
Day 13 Answers
Day 13 Lab
Basic OSPFv3 Lab

Day 14 – DHCP and DNS
Day 14 Tasks
DHCP Functionality
DHCP Operations
DHCP Reservations
DHCP Scopes

DHCP Leases
DHCP Options

Configuring DHCP
DHCP Servers on Cisco Routers
DHCP Clients on Cisco Routers
DHCP Packet Analysis

Troubleshooting DHCP Issues
DNS Operations
Configuring DNS
Troubleshooting DNS Issues
Day 14 Questions
Day 14 Answers
Day 14 Labs
DHCP on a Router Lab
DNS on a Router Lab

Day 15 – Layer 1 and Layer 2 Troubleshooting
Day 15 Tasks
Troubleshooting at the Physical Layer
Troubleshooting Link Status Using Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
Troubleshooting Cable Issues
Troubleshooting Module Issues

Using the Command Line Interface to Troubleshoot Link Issues
Troubleshooting VLANs and Trunking
Troubleshooting Dynamic VLAN Advertisements

Troubleshooting Loss of End-to-End Intra-VLAN Connectivity
Using the “show vlan” Command

Day 15 Questions
Day 15 Answers
Day 15 Labs
Layer 1 Troubleshooting Lab
Layer 2 Troubleshooting Lab

Day 16 – Review 1
Day 16 Tasks
Day 16 Exam
Day 16 Answers
Day 16 Lab 1 – Switch Configuration
Topology
Instructions

Day 16 Lab 2 – Switch Security
Topology

Day 17 – Review 2
Day 17 Tasks
Day 17 Exam
Day 17 Answers
Day 18 – Review 3
Day 18 Tasks
Day 18 Exam
Day 18 Answers
Day 18 Lab 1 – Static NAT
Topology

Instructions
Solution Hints and Commands

Day 18 Lab 2 – NAT Pool
Topology
Instructions
Solution Hints and Commands

Day 18 Lab 3 – NAT Overload
Topology
Instructions
Solution Hints and Commands


Day 19 – Review 4
Day 19 Tasks
Day 19 Exam
Day 19 Answers
Day 19 Lab – DHCP
Topology
Instructions
Solution Hints and Commands

Day 20 – Review 5
Day 20 Tasks
Day 20 Exam
Day 20 Answers
Day 20 Lab – Static Routes
Topology
Instructions

Solution Hints and Commands

Day 21 – Review 6
Day 21 Tasks
Day 21 Exam
Day 21 Answers
Day 22 – Review 7
Day 22 Tasks
Day 22 Exam
Day 22 Answers
Day 23 – Review 8
Day 23 Tasks
Day 23 Exam
Day 23 Answers
Day 23 Lab – Multi-technology
Topology
Instructions
Solution Hints and Commands

Day 24 – Review 9
Day 24 Tasks
Day 24 Exam


Day 24 Answers
Day 25 – Review 10
Day 25 Tasks
Day 25 Exam
Day 25 Answers
Day 26 – Review 11

Day 26 Tasks
Day 26 Exam
Day 26 Answers
Day 27 – Review 12
Day 27 Tasks
Day 27 Exam
Day 28 – Review 13
Day 28 Tasks
Day 28 Exam
Day 28 Answers
Day 29 – Review 14
Day 29 Tasks
Day 29 Exam
Day 29 Answers
Day 30 – Exam Day
Day 31 – Spanning Tree Protocol
Day 31 Tasks
The Need for STP
IEEE 802.1D Configuration BPDUs
Spanning Tree Port States
Spanning Tree Blocking State
Spanning Tree Listening State
Spanning Tree Learning State
Spanning Tree Forwarding State
Spanning Tree Disabled State

Spanning Tree Bridge ID
Spanning Tree Root Bridge Election

Spanning Tree Cost and Priority
Spanning Tree Port Cost

Spanning Tree Root and Designated Ports
Spanning Tree Root Port Election
Spanning Tree Designated Port Election

Cisco Spanning Tree Enhancements
Port Fast
BPDU Guard
BPDU Filter
Loop Guard
Root Guard
Uplink Fast
Backbone Fast
Incorrect Root Bridge
Incorrect Root Port
Incorrect Designated Port

Day 31 Questions
Day 31 Answers
Day 31 Lab
Spanning Tree Root Selection Lab

Day 32 – Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
Day 32 Tasks
The Need for RSTP
RSTP with PVST+
RPVST+

Configuring RSTP
Day 32 Questions
Day 32 Answers
Day 32 Lab
RSTP Lab

Day 33 – EtherChannels and Link Aggregation Protocols
Day 33 Tasks
Understanding EtherChannels
Port Aggregation Protocol Overview
PAgP Port Modes
Auto Mode
Desirable Mode


PAgP EtherChannel Protocol Packet Forwarding
Link Aggregation Control Protocol Overview
LACP Port Modes
LACP Active Mode
LACP Passive Mode

EtherChannel Load-Distribution Methods
EtherChannel Configuration Guidelines
Configuring and Verifying Layer 2 EtherChannels
Configuring and Verifying PAgP EtherChannels
Configuring and Verifying LACP EtherChannels

Day 33 Questions
Day 33 Answers
Day 33 Lab

EtherChannel Lab

Day 34 – First Hop Redundancy Protocols
Day 34 Tasks
Hot Standby Router Protocol
HSRP Version 1
HSRP Version 2
HSRP Version 1 and Version 2 Comparison
HSRP Primary Gateway Election
HSRP Messages
HSRP Preemption
HSRP Addressing
HSRP MD5 Authentication
HSRP Interface Tracking
HSRP Load Balancing
Configuring HSRP on the Gateway
Configuring HSRP Preemption
Configuring HSRP Interface Tracking
Configuring the HSRP Version

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
VRRP Multiple Virtual Router Support
VRRP Master Router Election
VRRP Preemption
VRRP Load Balancing
VRRP Versions
VRRP Advertisements
Configuring VRRP on the Gateway

Configuring VRRP Interface Tracking
Debugging VRRP

Gateway Load Balancing Protocol
GLBP Operation
GLBP Virtual MAC Address Assignment
GLBP Redundancy
GLBP Load Preemption
GLBP Weighting
GLBP Load Sharing
GLBP Client Cache
Configuring GLBP on the Gateway

Day 34 Questions
Day 34 Answers
HSRP Lab
VRRP Lab
GLBP Lab

Day 35 Tasks
Router Memory and Files
Managing the IOS
Booting Options
Booting Process and POST

IOS Licensing
A New Model
License Activation

Day 35 Questions

Day 35 Answers
Day 35 Lab
Day 36 – EIGRP
Day 36 Tasks
Cisco EIGRP Overview and Fundamentals
EIGRP Configuration Fundamentals
EIGRP Messages
EIGRP Packet Header
Hello Packets
Acknowledgement Packets
Update Packets
Query Packets
Reply Packets


Request Packets

EIGRP Neighbour Discovery and Maintenance
Dynamic Neighbour Discovery
Static Neighbour Discovery
EIGRP Hello and Hold Timers
EIGRP Neighbour Table
Reliable Transport Protocol

Metrics, DUAL, and the Topology Table
EIGRP Composite Metric Calculation
Using Interface Bandwidth to Influence EIGRP Metric Calculation
Using Interface Delay to Influence EIGRP Metric Calculation
The Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
The EIGRP Topology Table

Equal Cost and Unequal Cost Load Sharing
Default Routing Using EIGRP
Split Horizon in EIGRP Networks
EIGRP Route Summarisation
Understanding Passive Interfaces
Understanding the Use of the EIGRP Router ID
Day 36 Questions
Day 36 Answers
Day 36 Lab
EIGRP Lab

Day 37 – Troubleshooting EIGRP
Day 37 Tasks
Troubleshooting Neighbour Relationships
Troubleshooting Route Installation
Troubleshooting Route Advertisement
Debugging EIGRP Routing Issues
Day 37 Questions
Day 37 Answers
Day 37 Lab
Day 38 – EIGRP For IPv6
Day 38 Tasks
Cisco IOS Software EIGRPv4 and EIGRPv6 Configuration Differences


Configuring and Verifying EIGRPv6 in Cisco IOS Software
Day 38 Questions
Day 38 Answers
Day 38 Lab

Day 39 – OSPF
Day 39 Tasks
Designated and Backup Designated Routers
Additional Router Types
OSPF Packet Types
OSPF Hello Packets
Database Description Packets
Link State Request Packets
Link State Update Packets
Link State Acknowledgement Packets

Establishing Adjacencies
OSPF LSAs and the Link State Database (LSDB)
Router Link State Advertisements (Type 1)
Network Link State Advertisements (Type 2)
Network Summary Link State Advertisements (Type 3)
ASBR Summary Link State Advertisements (Type 4)
AS External Link State Advertisements (Type 5)

OSPF Areas
Not-so-stubby Areas (NSSAs)
Totally Not-so-stubby Areas (TNSSAs)
Stub Areas
Totally Stubby Areas

Route Metrics and Best Route Selection
Calculating the OSPF Metric
Influencing OSPF Metric Calculation

OSPF Default Routing

Configuring OSPF
Troubleshooting OSPF
Troubleshooting Neighbour Relationships
Troubleshooting Route Advertisement
Debugging OSPF Routing Issues

Day 39 Questions
Day 39 Answers


Day 39 Lab
OSPF Lab

Day 40 – Syslog, SNMP, and Netflow
Day 40 Tasks
Logging
Simple Network Management Protocol
Cisco IOS NetFlow
Troubleshooting Utilising NetFlow Data

Day 40 Questions
Day 40 Answers
Day 40 Labs
Logging Lab
SNMP Lab
NetFlow Lab

Day 41 – Wide Area Networking
Day 41 Tasks
WAN Overview

WAN Categories

NBMA Technologies
WAN Components
WAN Protocols
Metro Ethernet
VSAT
T1/E1
T3/E3
ISDN
DSL
Cable
Cellular Networks
VPN Technologies
MPLS
Basic Serial Line Configuration
PPPoE
PPPoE Configuration


PPPoE Verification and Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting WAN Connections
Day 41 Questions
Day 41 Answers
Day 41 Lab
PPPoE Lab

Day 42 – Frame Relay and PPP
Day 42 Tasks

Frame Relay Operations
Common Frame Relay Terms

Frame Relay Technology
Configuring Frame Relay
Troubleshooting Frame Relay
Frame Relay Errors

PPP Operations
Configuring PPP
PPP Authentication
Troubleshooting PPP
Day 42 Questions
Day 42 Answers
Day 42 Labs
HDLC Lab
Frame Relay Lab
Point-to-Point Protocol Lab

Day 43 – Review 1
Day 43 Tasks
Day 43 Exam
Day 43 Answers
Day 43 Lab – PPP and NAT
Topology
Instructions
Solution Hints and Commands

Day 44 – Review 2
Day 44 Tasks

Day 44 Lab – PPPoE


Solution Hints and Commands

Day 45 – Review 3
Day 45 Tasks
Day 45 Exam
Day 45 Answers
Day 46 – Review 4
Day 46 Tasks
Day 46 Exam
Day 46 Answers
Day 46 Lab – VLANs and STP
Topology
Instructions
Solution Hints and Commands

Day 47 – Review 5
Day 47 Tasks
Day 47 Exam
Day 47 Answers
Day 47 Lab – EIGRP and ACL
Topology
Instructions
Solution Hints and Commands

Day 48 – Review 6
Day 48 Tasks
Day 48 Exam

Day 48 Answers
Day 48 Lab – OSPF
Topology
Instructions
Solution Hints and Commands

Day 49 – Review 7
Day 49 Tasks
Day 49 Exam
Day 49 Answers
Day 49 Lab – OSPF and ACL
Topology


Solution Hints and Commands

Day 50 – Review 8
Day 50 Tasks
Day 50 Exam
Day 50 Answers
Day 50 Lab – EIGRP with PPP and ACL
Topology
Instructions
Solution Hints and Commands

Day 51 – Review 9
Day 51 Tasks
Day 51 Lab 1 – STP and VLANs
Instructions
Solution Hints and Commands

Day 51 Lab 2 – VLANs
Topology
Instructions
Solution Hints and Commands

Day 52 – Review 10
Day 52 Tasks
Day 52 Exam
Day 52 Lab – OSPF and Router Security
Topology
Instructions
Solution Hints and Commands

Day 53 – Review 11
Day 53 Tasks
Day 53 Exam
Day 53 Answers
Day 53 Lab – EIGRP and ACL
Topology
Instructions
Solution Hints and Commands

Day 54 – Review 12
Day 54 Tasks
Day 54 Exam