Wiley next generation networks perspectives and potentials feb 2008 ISBN 0470516496 pdf

Next Generation
Networks
Perspectives and Potentials

Dr Jingming Li Salina
LiSalina Consulting, Switzerland
Pascal Salina
Swisscom SA, Switzerland



Next Generation Networks



Next Generation
Networks
Perspectives and Potentials

Dr Jingming Li Salina
LiSalina Consulting, Switzerland
Pascal Salina
Swisscom SA, Switzerland


Copyright © 2007

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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Salina, Jingming Li.
Next Generation Networks : perspectives and potentials / Jingming Li Salina and Pascal Salina.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-470-51649-2 (cloth)
1. Telecommunication systems. 2. Convergence (Telecommunication) 3. Business planning.
I. Salina, Pascal. II. Title. III. Title: NGN perspectives and potentials.
TK5102.5.S28 2007
004.6—dc22
2007033010
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-0-470-51649-2 (HB)
Typeset in 10/12pt Times by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, England.
This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in
which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.


To our parents



Contents

List of Tables

xiii

List of Illustrations

xv

Preface

xix

Acknowledgements

xxi

1

2

Introduction
1.1 Challenge 1: To Become More Than an ISP
1.2 Challenge 2: To Apply a Model of Operation Driven by
Customer Needs
1.2.1 The Technology-driven Operation Model
1.2.2 The Operation Model Driven by Customer Needs
1.3 NGN – The Holy Grail for a Telecom Operator?
1.4 NGN Aims at Improving Life Quality and Bringing New Life
Experience
1.5 The Network Evolution Towards NGN
1.6 The Telecom Environment and Corporate Responsibility

1.7 The Organization of the Book
NGN Vision, Scenarios and Advances
2.1 NGN Networks: Perspectives and Potentials
2.2 Some Possible Scenarios
2.2.1 Virtual Space Flight
2.2.2 Virtual International Congress
2.2.3 Virtual Global Exhibition
2.2.4 Virtual Classroom, e-Education and Experimental
Laboratory
2.2.5 Virtual Corporate Environment
2.2.6 Virtual Home
2.2.7 Virtual Hospital
2.2.8 Virtual Store
2.2.9 Global and Local Information Centres

1
1
2
3
3
5
7
8
9
10
13
14
17
18
19

20
21
22
23
23
25
26


viii

CONTENTS

2.2.10 Home Networks
2.2.11 Automatic Traffic and Car Driving
(Machine-to-machine Communication)
2.2.12 NGN Advances
3

27
28
29

NGN Requirements on Technology and Management
3.1 NGN Requirements on Technology
3.1.1 Communication using the Five Human Senses and
Surroundings
3.1.2 Real-time Communication across Language
Barriers
3.1.3 Virtual Living Environments

3.1.4 User Identification using Biometrics
3.1.5 Human-like Service Activation
3.1.6 On-demand End-to-End Connectivity
3.1.7 Easy and Standardized Service Creation
3.1.8 Flexible Terminal Equipment
3.2 NGN Requirements on Management
3.2.1 Customer Management
3.2.2 Third-party Service Provider Management
3.2.3 Service and Service Delivery Management
3.2.4 Network and Network Performance Management
3.2.5 Network Security Management
3.2.6 Device Management
3.2.7 Information Management

33
34

4

NGN Functional Architecture
4.1 The ITU NGN Functional Architecture
4.2 The Proposed NGN Functional Architecture
4.2.1 Transport Stratum
4.2.2 Service Stratum
4.2.3 Service/Application/Content/Information Layer
4.2.4 Customer Terminal Equipment Functions
4.2.5 Other Networks

49
49

52
53
57
62
62
63

5

NGN Operator, Provider, Customer and CTE
5.1 NGN Network Operator
5.2 NGN Service Provider
5.3 NGN Customer and CTE
5.3.1 Individual Customers and CTEs
5.3.2 Home Customers and CTEs
5.3.3 Vehicle Customers and CTE
5.3.4 Corporate Customers and CTE
5.3.5 Third-party Provider Customers and CTE

65
66
68
68
68
69
71
72
73

34

34
35
36
37
37
39
40
42
42
43
44
45
46
47
47


CONTENTS

6

7

Network and Service Evolution towards NGN
6.1 Major Evolution Steps for the Networks and Services of Today
6.1.1 Service Convergence and Access Network Development
(Step 1)
6.1.2 IP-based Service Conversion and Managed IP Network
Development (Step 2)
6.1.3 Network Integration and Service Extension (Step 3)

6.2 Fixed Network Evolution
6.3 Mobile Network Evolution
6.4 Cable Network Evolution
6.5 Internet Evolution
6.6 IP Network Problems Critical to be Solved

NGN Key Development Areas
7.1 Terminal Area
7.1.1 User Terminal
7.1.2 Machine Terminal
7.1.3 Sensor Terminal
7.1.4 Wireless Thin Client
7.1.5 RFID Technology
7.1.6 NFC Technology
7.2 Access Network Area
7.2.1 Ubiquitous Connectivity
7.2.2 Co-existence Mechanisms for Multiple Radio Access
Networks
7.3 Backhaul Network Area
7.4 Core Transport Network Area
7.5 Service Creation Area
7.5.1 OSA/Parlay Technologies
7.5.2 Parlay X Technology
7.5.3 Web 2.0
7.6 Network Control and Management Area
7.6.1 Setting up, Maintaining and Tearing Down
End-to-End Connectivity
7.6.2 Monitoring and Controlling the Performance of
End-to-End Connectivity
7.6.3 Analysing and Predicting Performance of

End-to-End Connectivity
7.6.4 Generating and Delivering Relevant Information to
the Relevant People
7.6.5 Generating Billing Information
7.6.6 Managing Multiple Access Networks Belonging to
Different Operators

ix
75
77
77
78
80
82
83
84
84
85

89
89
90
91
94
94
95
97
98
98
109

110
111
118
119
121
121
121
122
124
124
125
125
125


x

CONTENTS

7.6.7

Managing Multiple Core Transport Networks
Belonging to Different Operators
7.6.8 Managing Changes in the Access Network
7.6.9 Managing Changes in the Core Transport
Network
7.6.10 End-to-End Network Resource Management
7.7 Service Control and Management
7.7.1 GRID Technologies
7.7.2 End-to-End QoS Management

7.7.3 End-to-End Security Management
7.8 Advanced Technologies for Network and Service
Management
7.8.1 Intelligent Agent Technology
7.8.2 Artificial Intelligence Technology
7.8.3 SON Technology

125
125
125
126
126
128
128
131
131
131
132
134

8

NGN Standardizations
8.1 ITU and GSI-NGN
8.1.1 GSI-NGN Concept
8.1.2 GSI-NGN Release 1
8.1.3 GSI-NGN Release 2
8.1.4 NGN Recommendations
8.2 ETSI and TISPAN-NGN
8.2.1 TISPAN-NGN Concept

8.2.2 TISPAN-NGN Release 1
8.2.3 TISPAN-NGN Release 2
8.2.4 TISPAN-NGN Release 3
8.3 ATIS and NGN
8.4 CJA and NGN
8.5 TMF and NGOSS
8.5.1 NGOSS Concept
8.5.2 NGOSS Components and their Functionality
8.5.3 NGOSS Documents
8.6 NGMN Alliance and NGMN, and 3GPP and LTE/SAE
8.6.1 NGMN Alliance and NGMN
8.6.2 3GPP and LTE/SAE

137
138
139
148
149
149
149
152
159
160
165
165
166
166
167
167
170

172
172
173

9

NGNs and Corporate Responsibility
9.1 Unsustainable Growth
9.2 Sustainable Development and Corporate Responsibility
9.3 The Purpose of Corporate Responsibility
9.4 The Fundamentals and the Limits of Corporate
Responsibility
9.4.1 Principles and Values
9.4.2 The Limits of Corporate Responsibility

183
184
185
187
189
189
190


CONTENTS

9.5 Standards and Tools of Corporate Responsibility
9.5.1 Norms
9.5.2 Covenants
9.5.3 Tools

9.6 Guiding Concepts
9.6.1 Triple Bottom Line
9.6.2 Levels of Effects
9.6.3 Equity
9.6.4 Time
9.6.5 Efficiency
9.6.6 Limits and Carrying Capacity
9.7 Corporate Responsibility and NGN
9.7.1 Balancing the Benefits and Impacts of NGN
9.7.2 The Positive Aspects
9.7.3 The Challenges Ahead
9.8 Summary of Impacts
9.9 In a Nutshell

xi
192
193
195
196
198
198
199
199
200
200
201
202
202
205
207

209
211

10 Summary

213

Glossary

217

Index

225



List of Tables

7.1
7.2
7.3
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
9.1

RFID

Existing and emerging access technologies (satellite,
mobile, wireless, short-range radio, wired, cable and powerline)
IP QoS supporting protocols
Release 1 (P-)NNIs for interconnection to other types of
networks
ITU-T GSI NGN recommendation list
TISPAN-NGN Release 1 deliverables
NGOSS Release 6.1 document titles and summaries
NGOSS Releases 6.0, 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5 and 3.0 document
titles and summaries
Order levels of impacts from the use and applications of ICT

96
99
112
148
150
161
170
171
210



List of Illustrations

1.1
1.2
2.1
2.2

2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
6.1

6.2

Technology development vs customer desire
NGN service network architecture and management
Applications of NGN

Virtual space flight
Virtual international congress
Virtual global exhibition
Virtual classroom, e-education and experimental laboratory
Virtual corporate environment
Virtual home environment
Virtual hospital
Virtual store
Global and local information centres
Home network
Automatic vehicle
NGN communication with context information
NGN flexible connectivity
NGN open interface and enablers for service creation
NGN service delivery platform
ITU NGN functional architecture
The suggested NGN functional architecture with
integrated management functions
NGN transport stratum – transport control
NGN transport stratum – network management
Transport functions with access and core transport
NGN service support functions in service stratum
NGN service control within the service stratum
The NGN service management within the service stratum
Customer terminal equipment functions
An example of service convergence: television is
available via xDSL at a PC, via WCDMA at a mobile
phone and via Coax at a television set
An example of IP-based service conversion: IPTV
available at a laptop via xDSL, WCDMA and Coax

2
5
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
35
38
40
42
50
53
54
54
56
57
58
59
62

77

78


xvi
6.3
6.4
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15

7.16
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7

8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
8.17

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

NGN transport stratum, Service stratum and open
interfaces towards service
(Left) service creation without open interface; (right)
service creation with open interface
The key development areas marked upon the suggested
NGN functional architecture
An example of an RFID tag
An example of an RFID reader
A future generic access scenario
A wireless mesh network backhaul
Component in a DiffServ border router
IPv4 packet header format; the DiffServ code point is in
the TOS (type of service) field
IPv6 packet header format; the DiffServ code point is in
the traffic class field
OSA/Parlay architecture
Before terminal A is switched on

NGN network control and management
Terminal A requests a service
NGN service control and management
An end-to-end management system
(Left) the original planned capacity distribution; (right)
the mobile agent adapted capacity distribution by
re-configuring node B
Artificial intelligence for data analysis of end-to-end
network performance
GSI-NGN functional architecture
Component view of a possible realization of GSI-NGN
functional architecture
TISPAN-NGN overall architecture
Distributed subsystem between a visited and a home network
ETSI TISPAN-NGN example architecture with xDSL access
Common components overview
Transfer functions overview
NGN authentication levels
Network interconnection at transfer level
IP interconnection
NGOSS lifecycle
TMF NGOSS component view
Industry agenda for LTE/SAE development and deployment
RRC state
Evolved UTRAN architecture
Protocol stack of evolved UTRAN architecture
3GPP SAE architecture

80
81

90
95
96
109
111
117
117
117
120
123
123
124
126
129

132
134
140
141
153
153
154
154
156
157
159
159
168
168
173

177
178
179
180


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

xvii

9.1
9.2

184

9.3
9.4

Human ecological footprint
The now classical representation of sustainable
development and its three dimensions
A geometric representation of sustainable development
The extent of corporate responsibility

186
188
191

Preface

Right after experiencing the wonder of mobile communications, we are the
lucky generation witnessing the latest miracle, ‘the birth of Next Generation
Networks – NGN’. NGN is today a very busy field that enjoys a wild pace
of development. NGN standardization is going on in parallel within different
international bodies while many telecom operators already claim that they are
implementing NGN. Institutes and universities are still conducting research
while, at the same time, products are starting to be available on the market.
However, NGN remains one of the most used buzzwords in the worlds of
telecommunications, Internet and broadcasting. Working in this field and, after
attending many workshops, conferences and thoroughly studying of the topic,
the authors are convinced that a clear and comprehensive vision of NGN is
still missing, a vision which, in authors’ opinion, is essential for the strategic
development of NGN.
Having absorbed the quintessence of the ITU-T pioneer work on NGN and
other studies and with the benefits of many years of R&D and strategic working
experience, the authors would like to provide their vision to the readers. Fitting
the existing pieces together in an overview, this vision should deliver a complete
and comprehensive picture of NGN.
Sometimes also known as pervasive computing or ambient intelligence, the
future of ICT can be described from many points of view. This book is about
NGN, its potentials and perspectives; it is about networks linking humans,
devices and computers.
The emphasis is conceptual, with one eye on today’s networks and another
on the networks of the next generation. The intention is to envision the NGN
and to explain it, to guide operators in the design of their network evolutionary
path and vendors in developing their products and, last but not least, to inspire
the researcher’s or reader’s creativity to catalyse the development of NGN.
Following an old Chinese proverb, advising one to ‘cast a brick in order to

attract jade’, the authors welcome discussion about NGN and about the views
expressed in this book, with the sincere hope of raising awareness about NGN
to a higher level.



Acknowledgements

We would like to thank those organizations that granted us the permission to
use and reproduce their graphical or text materials: ITU, ETSI, TMF and WWF
international.
We also owe very much to Dr Albert Kuhn, who has been working for
environmental and corporate responsibility at Swisscom for many years and
has contributed tremendously in both fields. He has generously allowed us to
use the material he has developed alone or with colleagues. We also appreciate
very much his suggestions relating to Chapter 9.
We appreciate the artistic work of Michèle Mouche, who designed the
illustrations and pictograms of Chapter 2.
We would like to thank our friend and colleague Mohamed Mokdad, at
Swisscom, for his friendship and support with the standards.
We would like to thank our parents for their unlimited support and encouragement.
Last but not least, we would like to specially thank Mark Hammond, Rowan
January, Sarah Hinton, Katharine Unwin, Wendy Pillar, Brett Wells and Vidya
Vijayan at John Wiley & Sons, for their encouragements and professional
support.