Cisco press cisco BGP 4 command and configuration handbook CCIE professional development may 2001 ISBN 1587055732

•
•


TableofContents
Index

Cisco®BGP-4Commandand
ConfigurationHandbook(CCIE
ProfessionalDevelopment)
ByWilliamR.ParkhurstCCIE

#2969Ph.D.,

Publisher :CiscoPress
PubDate :May08,2001
ISBN :1-58705-017-X
Pages :250
Slots :2



AsthemeansbywhichInternetdestinations
arecommunicatedbetweensubscribersand
serviceproviders,BGP-4providesacritical
functionforInternetoperations.Whether
associatedwithInternetserviceprovidersor
enterprisenetworksthatdependheavilyon
theInternet,abackgroundinBGP-4is
essential.Movingbeyondbackground

information,BGPcontainsagreatnumberof
commands,andpracticalinformationon


thosecommandsisdifficulttocomeby.
CiscoBGP-4CommandandConfiguration
Handbookisanexhaustivepracticalreference
tothecommandscontainedwithinBGP-4.For
eachcommand/subcommand,authorBill
Parkhurstexplainstheintendeduseor
functionandhowtoproperlyconfigureit.
Thenhepresentsscenariostodemonstrate
everyfacetofthecommandanditsuse,
alongwithappropriateshowanddebug
commands.Throughthediscussionof
functionalityandthescenario-based
configurationexamples,CiscoBGP-4
CommandandConfigurationHandbookwill
helpyougainathoroughunderstandingof
thepracticalsideofBGP-4.



•
•


TableofContents
Index

Cisco®BGP-4Commandand
ConfigurationHandbook(CCIE
ProfessionalDevelopment)
ByWilliamR.ParkhurstCCIE

#2969Ph.D.,

Publisher :CiscoPress
PubDate :May08,2001
ISBN :1-58705-017-X
Pages :250
Slots :2




Copyright

AbouttheAuthor
AbouttheTechnicalReviewers


Acknowledgments

Introduction
IconsUsedinThisBook

CommandSyntaxConventions

Chapter1.RouteAggregation
Section1-1.aggregate-addressaddressmask

Section1-2.aggregate-addressaddressmaskas-set






Section1-3.aggregate-addressaddressmaskas-setadvertise-map
route-map-name
Section1-4.aggregate-addressaddressmaskattribute-maproute-mapname
Section1-5.aggregate-addressaddressmaskroute-maproute-mapname
Section1-6.aggregate-addressaddressmasksummary-only




Section1-7.aggregate-addressaddressmasksuppress-maproute-mapname


Chapter2.Auto-Summary
Section2-1.auto-summary


Chapter3.BGP-SpecificCommands
Section3-1.bgpalways-compare-med

Section3-2.bgpbestpathas-pathignore

Section3-3.bgpbestpathmedconfed




Section3-5.bgpclient-to-clientreflection




Section3-7.bgpconfederationidentifierAS-number




Section3-9.bgpdampening




Section3-11.bgpdampeninghalf-lifereusesuppressmax-suppress-time




Section3-13.bgpdefaultlocal-preferencelocal-preference

Section3-15.bgpfast-external-fallover



Section3-17.bgprouter-idip-address

Section3-4.bgpbestpathmedmissing-as-worst
Section3-6.bgpcluster-id32-bit_id
Section3-8.bgpconfederationpeers1_or_more_AS-numbers
Section3-10.bgpdampeninghalf-life
Section3-12.bgpdampeningroute-maproute-map-name
Section3-14.bgpdeterministic-med
Section3-16.bgplog-neighbor-changes


Chapter4.DefaultInformation
Section4-1.default-informationoriginate

Section4-2.default-metricmetric


Chapter5.BGPAdministrativeDistance
Section5-1.distanceadmin-distanceip-source-addressip-address-mask

Section5-2.distanceadmin-distanceip-source-addressip-address-mask

ip-access-list-number
Section5-3.distancebgpexternalinternallocal


Chapter6.BGPRouteFiltering
Section6-1.distribute-list


Chapter7.BGPMaximumPaths
Section7-1.maximum-pathsnumber-of-paths



Chapter8.NeighborConfiguration
Section8-1.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}advertise-map

route-map-name1non-exist-maproute-map-name2
Section8-2.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}advertisement
intervalseconds
Section8-3.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}default-originate

Section8-4.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}default-originate
route-maproute-map-name
Section8-5.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}descriptiontext
Section8-6.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}distribute-list{ipaccess-list-number-or-nameprefix-list-name}in
Section8-7.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}distribute-list{ipaccess-list-number-or-name|prefix-list-name}out
Section8-8.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}ebgp-multihop
Section8-9.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}ebgp-multihop
maximum-hop-count
Section8-10.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}filter-listas-pathlist-numberin

Section8-11.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}filter-listas-pathlist-numberout
Section8-12.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}filter-listas-pathlist-numberweightweight
Section8-13.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}maximum-prefix
prefix-limit
Section8-14.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}maximum-prefix
prefix-limitwarning-only
Section8-15.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}maximum-prefix
prefix-limitthreshold-value
Section8-16.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}maximum-prefix
prefix-limitthreshold-valuewarning-only
Section8-17.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}next-hop-self
Section8-18.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}password
password
Section8-19.neighborpeer-group-namepeer-group
Section8-20.neighborip-addresspeer-grouppeer-group-name
Section8-21.:neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}prefix-list
prefix-list-namein
Section8-22.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}prefix-listprefixlist-nameout
Section8-23.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}remote-as
number
Section8-24.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}remove-privateas
Section8-25.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}route-maproutemap-namein
Section8-26.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}route-maproutemap-nameout
Section8-27.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}route-reflectorclient
Section8-28.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}send-community
Section8-29.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}shutdown
Section8-30.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}softreconfigurationinbound
Section8-31.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}timerskeepalive

holdtime



Section8-32.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}unsuppress-map
route-map-name
Section8-33.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}update-source
interface-name
Section8-34.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}versionversionnumber
Section8-35.neighbor{ip-address|peer-group-name}weightdefaultweight






Chapter9.RouteAdvertisement
Section9-1.networkip-address

Section9-2.networkip-addressmasknetwork-mask




Section9-3.networkip-addressbackdoor

Section9-5.networkip-addressroute-maproute-map-name



Section9-6.networkip-addressmasknetwork-maskroute-maproutemap-name
Section9-7.networkip-addressweightweight




Section9-4.networkip-addressmasknetwork-maskbackdoor

Section9-8.networkip-addressmasknetwork-maskweightweight


Chapter10.RouteRedistribution
Section10-1.redistributeprotocol

Section10-2.redistributeprotocolmetricmetric



Section10-3.redistributeprotocolroute-maproute-map-name



Section10-4.redistributeprotocolroute-maproute-map-namemetric
metric
Section10-5.redistributeprotocolweightweight

Chapter11.AddressSummarization
Section11-1.summary-address


Chapter12.Synchronization
Section12-1.synchronization


Chapter13.BGPTimers
Section13-1.timersbgpkeepaliveholdtime


Chapter14.BGPshowCommands
Section14-1.showipbgp

Section14-2.showipbgp|beginline




Section14-3.showipbgp|excludeline




Section14-5.showipbgpprefix

Section14-7.showipbgpprefix/mask-length

Section14-4.showipbgp|includeline
Section14-6.showipbgpprefixmask
Section14-8.showipbgpprefixmasklonger-prefixes





Section14-9.showipbgpprefix/mask-lengthlonger-prefixes




Section14-11.showipbgpprefix|excludeline




Section14-13.showipbgpprefixmask|beginline




Section14-15.showipbgpprefixmask|includeline

Section14-17.showipbgpprefix/mask-length|excludeline




Section14-19.showipbgpprefixmasklonger-prefixes|beginline




Section14-21.showipbgpprefixmasklonger-prefixes|includeline



Section14-23.showipbgpprefix/mask-lengthlonger-prefixes|exclude
line
Section14-24.showipbgpprefix/mask-lengthlonger-prefixes|include
line
Section14-25.showipbgpcidr-only





Section14-10.showipbgpprefix|beginline
Section14-12.showipbgpprefix|includeline
Section14-14.showipbgpprefixmask|excludeline

Section14-16.showipbgpprefix/mask-length|beginline
Section14-18.showipbgpprefix/mask-length|includeline
Section14-20.showipbgpprefixmasklonger-prefixes|excludeline
Section14-22.showipbgpprefix/mask-lengthlonger-prefixes|beginline

Section14-26.showipbgpcidr-only|beginline




Section14-27.showipbgpcidr-only|excludeline



Section14-29.showipbgpcommunitycommunity-number(s)



Section14-30.showipbgpcommunitycommunity-number(s)exactmatch
Section14-31.showipbgpcommunitycommunity-number(s)|beginline

Section14-28.showipbgpcidr-only|includeline

Section14-32.showipbgpcommunitycommunity-number(s)|exclude
line
Section14-33.showipbgpcommunitycommunity-number(s)|include
line
Section14-34.showipbgpcommunitycommunity-number(s)|beginline
exact-match
Section14-35.showipbgpcommunitycommunity-number(s)|exclude
lineexact-match
Section14-36.showipbgpcommunitycommunity-number(s)|include
lineexact-match
Section14-37.showipbgpcommunity-listcommunity-list-number
Section14-38.showipbgpcommunity-listcommunity-list-number|
beginline
Section14-39.showipbgpcommunity-listcommunity-list-number|
excludeline
Section14-40.showipbgpcommunity-listcommunity-list-number|
includeline
Section14-41.showipbgpcommunity-listcommunity-list-numberexact-




match

Section14-42.showipbgpcommunity-listcommunity-list-numberexactmatch|beginline
Section14-43.showipbgpcommunity-listcommunity-list-numberexactmatch|excludeline
Section14-44.showipbgpcommunity-listcommunity-list-numberexactmatch|includeline
Section14-45.showipbgpdampened-paths






Section14-46.showipbgpdampened-paths|beginline




Section14-47.showipbgpdampened-paths|excludeline




Section14-49.showipbgpfilter-listas-path-access-list




Section14-51.showipbgpfilter-listas-path-access-list|excludeline

Section14-53.showipbgpflap-statistics



Section14-55.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefix/mask-lengthlongerprefixes
Section14-56.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefix/mask-lengthlongerprefixes|beginregular-expression
Section14-57.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefix/mask-lengthlongerprefixes|excluderegular-expression
Section14-58.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefix/mask-lengthlongerprefixes|includeregular-expression
Section14-59.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefix/mask-length|begin
regular-expression
Section14-60.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefix/mask-length|exclude
regular-expression
Section14-61.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefix/mask-length|include
regular-expression
Section14-62.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefix

Section14-48.showipbgpdampened-paths|includeline
Section14-50.showipbgpfilter-listas-path-access-list|beginline
Section14-52.showipbgpfilter-listas-path-access-list|includeline
Section14-54.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefix/mask-length

Section14-63.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefix|beginregularexpression
Section14-64.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefix|excluderegularexpression
Section14-65.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefix|includeregularexpression
Section14-66.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefixmask
Section14-67.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefixmask|beginregularexpression
Section14-68.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefixmask|excluderegularexpression
Section14-69.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefixmask|includeregularexpression
Section14-70.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefixmasklonger-prefixes

Section14-71.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefixmasklonger-prefixes|
beginregular-expression
Section14-72.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefixmasklonger-prefixes|
excluderegular-expression
Section14-73.showipbgpflap-statisticsprefixmasklonger-prefixes|
includeregular-expression
Section14-74.showipbgpflap-statisticsfilter-listlist-number
Section14-75.showipbgpflap-statisticsfilter-listlist-number|begin
regular-expression
Section14-76.showipbgpflap-statisticsfilter-listlist-number|exclude
regular-expression
Section14-77.showipbgpflap-statisticsfilter-listlist-number|include
regular-expression
Section14-78.showipbgpflap-statisticsquote-regexpquoted-line
Section14-79.showipbgpflap-statisticsquote-regexpquoted-line|
beginregular-expression
Section14-80.showipbgpflap-statisticsquote-regexpquoted-line|
excluderegular-expression
Section14-81.showipbgpflap-statisticsquote-regexpquoted-line|
includeregular-expression
Section14-82.showipbgpflap-statisticsregexpregular-expression
Section14-83.showipbgpflap-statistics|beginregular-expression




Section14-84.showipbgpflap-statistics|excluderegular-expression

Section14-86.showipbgpinconsistent-as




Section14-88.showipbgpinconsistent-as|excludeline




Section14-90.showipbgpneighbors




Section14-92.showipbgpneighbors|excludeline




Section14-94.showipbgpneighborsip-addressadvertised-routes




Section14-96.showipbgpneighborsip-addressflap-statistics

Section14-98.showipbgpneighborsip-addresspathsline




Section14-100.showipbgpneighborsip-addressroutes




Section14-102.showipbgppathsline



Section14-104.showipbgppathsline

Section14-85.showipbgpflap-statistics|includeregular-expression
Section14-87.showipbgpinconsistent-as|beginline
Section14-89.showipbgpinconsistent-as|includeline
Section14-91.showipbgpneighbors|beginline
Section14-93.showipbgpneighbors|includeline
Section14-95.showipbgpneighborsip-addressdampened-routes
Section14-97.showipbgpneighborsip-addresspaths
Section14-99.showipbgpneighborsip-addressreceived-routes
Section14-101.showipbgppaths
Section14-103.showipbgppathsline

Section14-105.showipbgppaths|beginline




Section14-107.showipbgppaths|includeline




Section14-109.showipbgppeer-grouppeer-group-name




Section14-111.showipbgpsummary




Section14-113.showipbgpsummary|excludeline

Section14-106.showipbgppaths|excludeline
Section14-108.showipbgppeer-group
Section14-110.showipbgppeer-grouppeer-group-namesummary

Section14-112.showipbgpsummary|beginline
Section14-114.showipbgpsummary|includeline


Chapter15.BGPclearCommands
Section15-1.clearipbgp*

Section15-2.clearipbgp*soft




Section15-3.clearipbgp*softin




Section15-5.clearipbgp*softinout




Section15-7.clearipbgpAS-numbersoft




Section15-9.clearipbgpAS-numbersoftout

Section15-11.clearipbgpneighbor-ip-address




Section15-13.clearipbgpneighbor-ip-addresssoftin



Section15-15.clearipbgpneighbor-ip-addresssoftinout




Section15-16.clearipbgppeer-grouppeer-group-name




Section15-18.clearipbgppeer-grouppeer-group-namesoftin




Section15-20.clearipbgppeer-grouppeer-group-namesoftinout

Section15-22.clearipbgpdampeningprefixmask




Section15-24.clearipbgpflap-statisticsprefixmask




Section15-26.clearipbgpflap-statisticsregexpregular-expression



Section15-4.clearipbgp*softout
Section15-6.clearipbgpAS-number
Section15-8.clearipbgpAS-numbersoftin
Section15-10.clearipbgpAS-numbersoftinout
Section15-12.clearipbgpneighbor-ip-addresssoft
Section15-14.clearipbgpneighbor-ip-addresssoftout

Section15-17.clearipbgppeer-grouppeer-group-namesoft
Section15-19.clearipbgppeer-grouppeer-group-namesoftout
Section15-21.clearipbgpdampening
Section15-23.clearipbgpflap-statistics
Section15-25.clearipbgpflap-statisticsfilter-listlist-number
Section15-27.clearipbgpneighbor-ip-addressflap-statistics
Chapter16.BGPdebugCommands

Section16-1.debugipbgp



Section16-3.debugipbgpneighbor-ip-addressupdatesaccess-listnumber
Section16-4.debugipbgpdampening




Section16-2.debugipbgpneighbor-ip-addressupdates

Section16-5.debugipbgpdampeningaccess-list-number




Section16-6.debugipbgpevents



Section16-8.debugipbgpinneighbor-ip-addressupdates



Section16-9.debugipbgpinneighbor-ip-addressupdatesaccess-listnumber

Section16-10.debugipbgpoutneighbor-ip-addressupdates






Section16-7.debugipbgpkeepalives

Section16-11.debugipbgpoutneighbor-ip-addressupdatesaccess-listnumber
Section16-12.debugipbgpupdates
Section16-13.debugipbgpupdatesin




Section16-14.debugipbgpupdatesout




Section16-16.debugipbgpupdatesaccess-list-numberin

Section16-15.debugipbgpupdatesaccess-list-number
Section16-17.debugipbgpupdatesaccess-list-numberout


appendixA.RFC1771:BorderGatewayProtocol4
BGPAttributes

BGPPathSelection



FormingaBGPConnection


AppendixB.RegularExpressions

appendixC.RouteMapLogic
Form1:permit/permit

Form2:permit/deny





Form3:deny/permit
Form4:deny/deny
Index


Copyright
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Dedication
Iwouldliketodedicatethisbooktoallthosewhohavebeen
instrumentalinmyprofessionaldevelopmentandsuccess.
Withouttheirhelp,guidance,andfriendshipmylifewouldhave
takenalessrewardingpath.Therehavebeenmanyindividuals
whohavehadaprofoundaffectonmyprofessionalcareerbut
twostandoutinmymind.IwanttothankDr.EverettL.
Johnson,ChairmanandProfessorofElectricalandComputer
EngineeringatWichitaStateUniversityforbeingmymentor,
teacher,andfriend.Dr."J"mademytwelveyearsatWichita

StateUniversityrewardingandmostimportantly,fun.Finally,I
wanttothankDr.RoyH.Norris,ProfessorandChairEmeritusof
WichitaStateUniversityforopeningthedoorandlettingmein.


AbouttheAuthor
WilliamR.Parkhurst,Ph.D.,CCIE#2969,isthemanagerof
theCCIEDevelopmentgroupatCiscoSystems.TheCCIE
DevelopmentgroupisresponsibleforallnewCCIEwritten
qualificationandlaboratoryexams.PriortojoiningtheCCIE
team,BillwasaConsultingSystemsEngineersupportingthe
SprintOperation.BillfirstbecameassociatedwithCisco
SystemswhilehewasaProfessorofElectricalandComputer
EngineeringatWichitaStateUniversity.Inconjunctionwith
CiscoSystems,WSUestablishedthefirstCCIEPreparation
Laboratory.


AbouttheTechnicalReviewers
BillWagnerworksasaCiscoCertifiedSystemsInstructorfor
MentorTechnologies.Hehas22yearsofcomputer
programminganddatacommunicationexperience.Hehas
workedforcorporationsandcompaniessuchasIndependent
ComputerConsultants,Numerax,McGraw-Hill,andStandard
andPoors.HisteachingexperiencestartedwiththeChubb
Institute,ProtocolInterface,Inc.,andGeotrain.Currentlyhe
teachesatMentorTechnologies.
SteveWisniewskiisaSystemsEngineerforFujitsuNetwork

Communications.StevehasauthoredabooktitledNetwork
AdministrationfromPrenticeHallandhaseditedseveralother
CiscoPressbooks.SteveresideswithhiswifeElleninEast
Brunswick,NewJersey.


Acknowledgments
Writingabookisneveraneasyendeavor.Withoutthehelpand
guidanceofJohnKane,Editor-In-Chief,andChristopher
Cleveland,DevelopmentEditor,ofCiscoPressthetaskof
writingthisbookwouldhavebeenlessenjoyable.Johnand
Chrismayhavecrackedthewhipoccasionallybutitwasalways
donewithdiplomacyandhumor.Iwanttoespecially
acknowledgemywifeDebbieforherconstantencouragement
andforthewonderfuljobshedidinproofreadingthe
manuscript.Thenumberofrequiredcorrectionswasminimal
thankstohereffortsandattentiontodetail.Debbiemademe
lookgoodintheeyesofmyeditorandforthatIamthankful.


Introduction
Ihavebeeninvolvedwiththeworldofnetworkingfrommany
directions.Myexperiencesineducation,networkconsulting,
serviceprovidersupport,andcertificationhaveshownmethat
thereisacommonthreadthatfrustratespeopleinallofthese
arenas.Thatcommonthreadisdocumentation.Therearemany
factorsthatcausedocumentationtobefrustratingbutthemost
commonareamount,clarity,andcompleteness.Theamountof
documentationavailable,especiallyinregardstoBGP,canbe
overwhelming.ForapersonwhoisbeginningtolearnBGP,the

questionis"wheredoIbegin"?Thereareverygoodbooks,
RFCs,whitepapers,andcommandreferencesavailable,butitis
difficulttoknowwheretostart.Theclarityofdocumentation
dependsonyourpersonalsituation.ForaseasonedBGP
designerthedocumentationmaybeclearandconcise.Toan
individualpreparingforaprofessionalcertificationsuchasthe
CCIEthesamedocumentationmaybeconfusing.Evenifthe
documentationisclearitissometimesnotcomplete.Youmay
understandthewordsbutbeconfusedontheapplication.The
purposeofthisbookistoprovideaBGPhandbookthatisclear,
concise,andcomplete.Thisbookisnotmeanttobereadfrom
covertocover.Thewayyouusethisbookwilldependonyour
objectives.IfyouarepreparingfortheCCIEwrittenandlab
examsthenthisbookcanbeusedasalaboratoryguidetolearn
thepurposeandproperuseofeveryBGPcommand.Ifyouare
anetworkdesignerthenthisbookcanbeusedasaready
referenceforanyBGPcommand.Inordertosatisfythese
varyingaudiencesthestructureofthisbookisreasonably
simple.EachBGPcommandisillustratedusingthefollowing
structure:
Listingofthecommandstructureandsyntax


Syntaxdescriptionforthecommandwithanexplanationof
allcommandparameters
Thepurposeofthecommandandthesituationwherethe
commandisused
ThefirstreleaseoftheIOSinwhichthecommandappeared
Oneormoreconfigurationexamplestodemonstratethe
properuseofthecommand

Proceduresandexamplestoverifythatthecommandis
workingproperly
Howtotroubleshootthecommandwhenthingsarenot
workingasintended.
Theexamplescenariosthatdemonstratetheproperuseofthe
BGPcommandscanbeimplementedonaminimumnumberof
routers.Thiswillallowyoutolearneachcommandwithout
requiringanextensiveandexpensivelabconfiguration.The
scenariosarepresentedsothatthepurposeanduseofeach
commandcanbepresentedwithoutcloudingtheissue.Someof
theexamplesleadyouintocommonnon-workingsituationsin
ordertoreinforcetheunderstandingoftheoperationofthe
particularBGPcommand.
Forthoseofyouwhowillusethisbookasatoolforpreparing
fortheBGPcomponentoftheCCIEexamIwouldsuggestthat
youreadAppendixA,B,andCbeforedivingintothevarious
commandexamples.AppendixAisanoverviewofBGP
operationandconcepts.AppendixBisareviewofregular
expressionsandtheirusewithBGP.AppendixCcoversthe
structure,logic,anduseofroutemaps.Regularexpressions
androutemapstendtobeareaswherecandidatestypicallyrun
intotroubleontheCCIElabexam.Myhopeisthatthis


handbookwillhelpyoupreparefortheCCIEexam,allowyouto
properlyuseBGPinyournetwork,orboth.