Cấu trúc không gian ven đô các thành phố vùng bắc trung bộ theo hướng đô thị sinh thái, áp dụng cho thành phố vinh tt tiếng anh

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PHAM HONG SON

PERI-URBAN SPACE STRUCTURE OF CITIES
IN NORTH CENTRAL VIETNAM TOWARDS
ECOLOGICAL URBAN

Major: Regional and urban planning
Code: 9580105

SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION

HANOI - 2019


This dissertation was completed in: The National University of Civil
Engineering

Supervisor 1: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Van Dinh
Supervisor 2: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai

Reviewer 1: Prof. Dr. Nguyen Quoc Thong

Reviewer 2: Dr. Le Thi Bich Thuan

Reviewer 3: Assoc. Prof. Dr Luong Tu Quyen

The dissertation will be defended at the National University of Civil
Engineering

At ...... date .......... month .... 2019
Full-text of dissertation can be found at the Library of the National
University of Civil Engineering and the National Library of
Vietnam.


LIST OF RESEARCH PAPERS RELATED

1. Pham Hong Son (2015), Approaching and developing Vinh city in the
direction of ecological urban, Vietnam journal of urbanism, No 21ISSN 1859-3658.
2. Pham Hong Son, Nguyen Thi Kieu Vinh (2016), Agricultural urban,
sustainable development direction for cities in the North Central region,
Vietnam journal of urbanism, No 25- ISSN 1859-3658.
3. Pham Hong Son (2017), Identification of natural ecological factors
affecting urban space of cities in the North Central region, Proceedings
of the National Scientific Conference - Sustainable Architecture and
Construction Development in the current, Vinh University, ISBN 978604-923-304-3.


1
INTRODUCTION
1. The necessity of the thesis
The urbanization process is taking place at a rapid pace throughout
the world, with the cities of the North Central region being urbanized
and expanding.
Most of the peri-urban expansion in these cities are natural
ecological zones, agricultural areas and rural areas that are affected to
urbanization. The conversion of land use to change and reduce natural
ecosystems is the main cause of climate change, natural disasters, and

ecological imbalances.
The cities of the North Central located in Central coastal is affected
by the storm, saline intrusion, especially influenced by hot and dry
wind.
Therefore, the study suggested the peri-urban space structure of the
city the North Central towards of urban ecology is the necessary
direction to meet the requirements of urban expansion, urban
development durable and in accordance with the conditions the nature of
this region.
2. Purpose of the study
Proposed peri-urban space structure in the North-Central City of
contributing to the development of the city in the direction of eco-urban,
suitable for natural conditions, social conditions characteristic of the
region.
3. Subjects and scope of research
Research subjects:
Research on the peri-urban space structure of North Central cities
in the direction of urban ecology.
Research scope:
+ Space: Including peri-urban space including three cities in North


2
Central Vietnam: Thanh Hoa City, Vinh City, Ha Tinh City (Thanh
Nghe Tinh Area).
+ In terms of time: consistent with the orientation of general
development planning for cities in the North Central region by 2030
with a vision of 2050.
+ Scope of application: applied for Vinh city.
4. Research Methodology

In the thesis, the author uses the following methods: Methods of
morphological analysis; Methods of investigation and fieldwork;
Methods of analysis and evaluation; Professional solution; Forecast
method; Interpolation, logic method.
5. New contributions of the thesis
(1) The thesis proposes 3 perspectives and 8 principles.
(2) Proposing that the general model of the spatial structure of the
peri-urban area develops in the direction of North - South and East West, and balances with the central area in the overall urban space
structure. To ensure the linkage and raise the efficiency of natural
ecological value in the peri-urban areas.
(3) Proposing a number of solutions to improve the efficiency of
peri-urban space in the North Central region cities with sustainable
development in the process of urbanization. The structure of the periurban space is suitable for climate conditions, contributing to reducing
heat for the city
(4) Applying the structure space peri-urban of Vinh city in the
direction of ecological urban.
6. The composition of the thesis
- Pages: 150
- Chapters: 03
- Number of tables: 09


3
CONTENT
Chapter 1: Overview of Peri-Urban Space Structure of Cities
in North Central Vietnam towards Ecological Urban
1.1 Some concepts related to the topic
+ Natural ecosystem
+ Ecological structure
+ Urban ecology and ecological urban

+ Peri-urban space structure
1.2 Overview of peri-urban space structure, urban ecology
1.2.1 Overview of peri-urban space theory
The peri-urban concept is a general, flexible concept associated
with the urbanization process that redefines the boundaries of the city.
Peri-urban location is a component of the urban structure, defined as
transitions or interactions between suburbs and rural areas.
* Concept "peri-urban" of cities in the North Central
It was determined that the spaces surrounding the inner city,
included the suburban communes and the external space expansion that
influence the city that during the urban expansion.
1.2.2 Overview of ecology urban theory
* The concept of ecology urban originated in the 80s of the
twentieth century by German scholars directly related to the
responsibility for ecosystems and the environment in the process of
urban development. The first urban ecological concepts to be addressed
include urban activities such as energy circles, water, waste, and
emissions.
Richard Register, an urban design expert who initiated the first
Ecocity City, founded the Department of Urban Ecology in Berkeley,
California, in 1975. This is then realized and spread around the world
marked by the Summit on Sustainable Urban Development, Climate


4
Change.
- Views of eco-city of the world's organizations:
World Health Assembly (WHO); "Eco-City" (Eco2city) of the
World Bank (WB); International eco-city framework and standards
(IEFS).

- View of the eco-city of the countries in the world:
Ecological urban in France; Urban Ecology Organization of
Australia; European Union Ecological Urban Project (EU); The system
of sustainable urban frameworks in Germany; Sustainable City Program
in China ...
1.2.3 Practical Overview of peri-urban space structural in eco-city
* The process of expanding the eco-city of Curitiba, Brazil creates
a new spatial structure along the linear axes that reduce the population
pressure, increases the density of green space, green space, minimizing
central flooding. The linear spatial axis increases the accessibility of
public transport systems, reduces the distance traveled, and creates a
compact space structure.

Figure 1.8: The linear space structure of the perimeter space
* Space structure expand the ecological city of Freiburg, Germany:
The peri-urban in the process of expanding the city of Freiburg,
Germany increased the accessibility of the city to the natural forest
surrounding the city. Peri-urban forests contribute to green space,


5
providing a wood material that contributes to clean energy production.
* Sino-Singapore Tianjin ecological urban area, China:
The Sino-Singapore Tianjin eco-city project, located in the coastal
suburbs of Tianjin, China, was designed to improve the salty soil into an
ecological urban. The "ecological cell" model is built to create the basis
for ecological districts.
* Peri-urban space in Asian cities during the expansion:
Sustainable cities, green cities in Asia such as Singapore or Seoul,
South Korea also have their own approach to urban ecology. The

expansion of the peri-urban area has created opportunities for these
cities to expand living space, increase the density of green space, bring
the river into the city and increase access to hilly terrain in the periurban.
1.3 Current situation of peri-urban space of cities in the North
Central region
1.3.1 Overview of natural conditions in the cities of North Central
* The North Central covers an area of 51,522 km2 including six
provinces, of which the north from the Ngang Pass back to the three
provinces of Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh and south from the Ngang
Pass to the Hai Van Pass including Quang Binh, Quang Tri, and Thua
Thien Hue province.
Characteristics of terrain are generally complex with more than
70% of the area being hilly. The terrain is divided into three distinct
strips: the hills in the west, the plain in the middle, the strip of coast,
island and continental shelf in the east.
* Cities in the North Central Region are located in the eastern delta
region, most of which are alluvial soil by rivers. Due to the impact of
the terrain, in the cities are generally characterized as sloping to the sea.
Natural ecosystems also change with the terrain; West of the city is


6
often surrounded by low mountain ranges, remnant mountains, next to
the delta and east is the tidal marsh, the sea.
1.3.2 Current situation of peri-urban space in Thanh Hoa city
Determination of peri-urban space includes:
- Inner peri-urban: include suburban communes located close to the
inner city. Basically, this is the rural area with the main component of
agriculture and traditional craft villages. However, in recent years the
speed of urbanization in this area is happening rapidly.

- Outer Peri-urban: include
suburban communes forming outer
belts. The inner peri-urban and
outer peri-urban have an area of
about 90 km2 with a population of
over 150 thousand (2015). Periurban occupations
agricultural

with

are mainly
the

rate

of

cultivation accounting for about
I, II. Iner city
III. Inner peri-urban
IV. Outer Peri-urban

Figure 1.19: Peri-Urban area of

33%,

animal

husbandry

accounting for about 55% and
agricultural services.

Thanh Hoa city according to
administrative
- Expanding peri-urban areas: this is a region with a rich natural
ecosystem, which affects a very important in determining the spatial
structure of Thanh Hoa city.
1.3.3 Current situation of peri-urban space in Vinh city
The peri-urban space boundary is defined by three main areas:
- The inner peri-urban include the suburban communes in the


7
administrative area (within 105 km2). Components in the inner periurban space structure mainly include new urban areas intermingled with
rural areas. This area is strongly affected by the pace of development
and the demand for expanding the city's residential land.
- Outer Peri-urban: periurban

structure

creates

the

second

space
belt

around the city to the north.
Outside

peri-urban

areas with structures mainly
consist of villages and rural
areas. The west is mainly
agricultural rice, crops and
eastern

agricultural

aquaculture.
-

Expanding

peri-urban

areas: including hilly and
I. Inner Peri-urban; II. Outer Peri-urban;
III. Expanding Peri-urban area

Hình 1.26: Partitioning of peri-urban
space (250km2 area)

mountainous

ecosystems,

western fields and the Lam
river

downstream

ecosystem in the East.

1.3.4 Current situation of peri-urban space in Hà Tinh city
Planning structure of Ha Tinh city according to the model
"Focusing urban center", identify the central city, the dynamics of
suburban and suburban development, combined with radial traffic
network and belt.


8

Note:
I. Inner city
II. Inner peri-urban (suburban
communes)
III.
Outside
peri-urban
(communes
oriented to expand
planning)
IV. Expansion peri-urban areas
(the western mountain ecoregion and
the East Sea)

Figure 1.29: Partitioning of periurban space in Ha Tinh city
1.4 Some topics and thesis related to research topics
The trend of sustainable urban and ecological urban development is
the main trend in urban research in Vietnam. In the thesis of the
researchers mentioned a number of issues of ecological urban,
ecological landscape and peri-urban space.
Scientists in Vietnam have approached and proposed principles for
ecological urbanism in many respects. However, with specific social,
economic and natural factors of different stretching regions across the
country, it is necessary to have access to separate ecological cities;
especially the peri-urban areas that are heavily affected by urbanization.
1.5 Conclusion of chapter 1
* Through research and synthesis of ecological cities in the world
and Vietnam, point out the ecological cities is the optimal direction for
cities.
* In Vietnam, there are currently no specific criteria for ecological


9
cities. In cities in the North Central region, there has not been much
research on ecological urban, especially the areas of the peri-urban areas
which have been neglected and have not been focused.
* From the above problems, it is possible to choose the research
direction of peri-urban spatial structure based on the inherent strengths
in the North Central Region cities, contributing to sustainable urban
development. Consistent with the general trends and standards of ecocities. The research direction of the thesis focuses on peri-urban areas of
Thanh Hoa city, Vinh city, and Ha Tinh city.
Chapter 2: Scientific bases of peri-urban space structure of
cities in the North Central region towards ecological urban

2.1 Law bases
2.1.1 System of legal documents
2.1.2 Orientation of general planning of North Central cities
2.1.3 City planning towards ecological urbanism
2.2 Theoretical bases
2.2.1 Approach to peri-urban areas in ecological urban areas
* It can be seen that IEFS has introduced the principles and
standards of ecological urban areas comprehensively in many aspects
from scope to objectives.
*

Approaching

ecological

urban

according

to

specific

characteristics. For cities in the North Central region, the selection of
criteria for development is based on its strengths and characteristics,
which is essential in which the peri-urban area plays a very important
role.
2.2.2 Impact of peri-urban areas during urban expansion
- Rapid population growth; Changing the structure of space and
new residential areas.

- Changing job structure and infrastructure, natural ecological and


10
Agricultural ecology.
2.2.3 Basis for linking natural ecosystems in urban areas
- In nature, the ecological flows are defined according to a certain
cycle, usually following the shifting factors to one side. These moving
lines have different levels of complexity.
- When the city has not much impact on nature, people are part of
the natural ecosystem, exist and live but do not break the natural
ecosystem.
2.2.4 Impact of urban development on natural ecosystems
The original residential nature is a natural ecosystem and a human
being is a factor in it. When the city is formed, the natural ecosystem
begins to change. The process of urban development increasingly
disrupts ecosystems leading to imbalance.
2.2.5 Basis of ecological balance in urban spatial structure
- The basis of ecological footprint theory.
- Natural biomass in eco-urban design.
2.2.6 Urban heat reduction facility
- Reduce urban heat by water surface system.
- Reduce heat for urban areas by green trees.
- Reduce heat by surface.
2.3 Factor impacting the peri-urban space structure of cities in
the North Central region
2.3.1 Characteristic Peri-urban space in Thanh Hoa city
* Topographic and natural ecology
Characteristic of peri-urban space in Thanh Hoa city in the form of
a belt surrounding the inner city. The inner periphery has an interwoven

structure, including the points that make up the belt. The western outer
periphery extends to the mountain ecosystem, and the East tends to
expand to the Northeast of the Ma River.


11
- Western and Northwest mountain ecosystem including Ham Rong
mountain, Doi mountain, Voi mountain, Rung Thong mountain, Nho
mountain, Mat mountain and Long mountain to form a green belt
corridor.
- Ecosystems of rivers, lakes, canals, and trees include mainly Ma
River, canals scattered in the urban center.
* Socio-economic characteristics
Rapid urban growth reduces agricultural land. In the future, the
proportion of labor in the economic sector of agriculture, forestry and
fishery will not exceed 10% (currently about 30%). The ratio of
agricultural land is high but the economic and environmental efficiency
is not high, accounting for only 3-5% GDP of the region.
2.3.2 Characteristic Peri-urban space in Vinh city
* Topography and natural ecology
The topography of Vinh urban area has many natural elements
combined such as rivers, mountains, and river downstream areas and
coastal areas. Orienting the development of Vinh urban space to expand
mainly to the northeast along the lower Lam river area to Cua Hoi and
Cua Lo sea, forming multi-polar structure.
East of Lam river's road connecting from Quyet mountain area to
Cua Hoi beach, Cua Lo is an estuarine area with diverse plant
ecosystems. In the Southeast is a water storage area, this is an area of
natural ecological resources with air conditioning and clean water for
the whole city.

In the West is the rural area, the field combines the canal system in
combination with the mountain ecosystem.
* Economic and social characteristics
Rural population accounts for more than 40% of the whole city.
Major industries focus on agriculture, forestry, and fishery; in which


12
agriculture accounted for 94%, forestry 1%, and fisheries accounted for
5%. Although the ratio of agricultural and rural land accounts for more
than 50%, GDP accounts for only 3%. Economic efficiency is not high,
leading to a disparity between urban and rural areas.
2.3.3 Characteristic Peri-urban space in Ha Tinh city
* Topographic and natural ecology
Development orientation of Ha Tinh city to create a peri-urban
space in the form of a belt around the city center. Spatial characteristics
include villages, agricultural areas, natural ecological zones, creating a
spatial pattern intermingling urban elements with rural areas and natural
areas.
* Socio-economic characteristics
The current situation of the urban peri-urban population accounts
for 30% of the total population of the city and peri-urban areas outside
the population of more than 100 thousand people with a rate of 100% of
the rural population. The proportion of labor in the industry structure is
relatively equal, in which the labor force in the agricultural, forestry and
fishery sectors tends to decrease. The proportion of GDP value for
agriculture, forestry and fishery accounts for only about 5%.
2.4 Characteristics of the peri-urban spatial structure of cities
in the region of North Central region affecting ecological urban
development direction

2.4.1 Morphological characteristics of peri-urban space
The morphological characteristics of the peri-urban space are
influenced by topographical characteristics, spatial components and
connection characteristics between the peri-urban and the central areas.
Forms of urban spatial structure development in the form of belt or
route, creating different spatial impacts in urban structure.


13

Figure 2.36: Characteristics of the urban peri-urban structure extending
to the West
Characteristics of the peri-urban structure extending to the low
mountains in the west to form the outer arc. This regional spatial form
includes many types of combinations. The remnant mountain system
forms points in Thanh Hoa city, forming a parallel sequence in the
direction of Northwest - Southeast in Vinh city or low slopes in Ha Tinh
city.

Hình 2.37: Characteristics of coastal area structure extending to the East
River ecosystems with the characteristics of flow direction and
displacement flows combined with coastal areas create the structure of
the peri-urban space extending east. This direction of movement and
connection creates urban space on both sides of the river like Thanh Hoa
city, along the river like Vinh city.
2.4.2 Characteristics of "ecological cell" structure in village space


14
The village of peri-urban villages has a structure to ensure

ecological factors including rural areas combined with fields and natural
ecosystems in accordance with topographical characteristics.
Although the village space in the peri-urban area is still limited, it
is characterized by the traditional structure of the village in the periurban area as a basis for establishing models of "ecological cell"
structure. Establishing and restoring ecological links in urban areas
2.4.3 The impact of peri-urban areas on urban development is
ecological
* Establish ecological zones in urban areas
For cities in the North Central region, inner peri-urban areas and
outer periphery create space for villages, agriculture and urban centers
along the outskirts; Peri-urban areas expand to create natural ecosystems
that create a spatial structure towards ecological cities.

Figure 2.41: Setting up diverse spatial zones in urban areas
* Impact on suburban agricultural areas
Agricultural ecology in peri-urban areas increases water surface
and trees density, contributing to supplementing the criteria of biobiological - biophysics, contributing to increasing the ability to serve in
the closed scope of circulation, reduce the impact of outside city.


15
* Impact of cultural and traditional values
Rural areas with traditional industries can preserve to develop a
green economy, in accordance with the structure and qualification of
labor in suburban areas. Traditional industries such as knitting,
handicrafts; aquaculture, capture fisheries, grow vegetables, crops...
2.4.4 Ecological connection characteristics and urban movement
trends
* Nature of ecological connection in the region
The forming factor creates typical flows of the North Central

region according to the slope and flows direction of the rivers. This
shifting factor constitutes a link between ecological regions.
This ecological flow strongly affects cities in the North Central
region, especially river ecosystems passing through the city and the
river downstream ecosystem and coastal areas.
* Ecological connectivity of urban scope

Figure 2.44: Ecological connection from West to East
The spatial structure of the peri-urban area basically retains the
inherently sustainable ecosystem. It is a continuous transition according
to the terrain slope and flows from the western mountains to the East
Sea lagoon. It is the continuous ecological connection that will create a


16
balance in natural development, connecting ecological regions.
* Trends in urban movement and development
For multi-polar urban, peri-urban areas have interference and
affect centers within urban areas. For Vinh city, the ability to connect
with Cua Lo urban center activate to develop the urban motivation to the
East. Thanh Hoa city and Sam Son town in the future may become an
axis of urban connection development.
2.5 Adverse factors affect the structure of peri-urban space
2.5.1 Impact of separation by the transport system and urban
infrastructure
The process of urban development has caused many impacts on the
natural ecosystem of peri-urban areas. The system of transport
infrastructure and building in the city caused dissecting the natural
ecological connection.
2.5.2 Impact of climate change

* Impact of climate change and sea water flood
* Impact on coastal and downstream rivers in peri-urban areas
Coastal areas are at high risk of salinity, according to the impact of
climate change on some coastal activities in Nghe An and Ha Tinh.
* Impact of southwest hot wind
2.6 Conclusion of chapter 2
Summary of experience about the role of peri-urban areas to
contribute to the direction of ecological urban development of countries
in the world is a practical basis to apply the establishment of peri-urban
space structure of cities in the North Central region in the direction of
ecological urban areas, suitable to the natural, ecological, socioeconomic conditions of this region:
- Peri-urban space structure must be established based on the
balance with the city center in terms of ecology and urban development.


17
- Characteristics of natural elements including components such as
mountains, forests, rivers, and sea will contribute greatly to shaping the
urban morphology, in accordance with natural morphology, increasing
connectivity in accordance with ecological urban development direction.
- Peri-urban areas impact on the economy in terms of economy and
society in the process of developing in a positive direction in terms of
population and employment.
- The values of village planning, traditional housing architecture
are considered ecological models that contribute to improving
traditional values and identity for urban areas. Ecological factors in periurban areas include green trees and water surfaces that have a role in
reducing urban heat so much.
Chapter 3: Suggesting the peri-urban space structure of cities
in the North Central region towards ecological urban, applied to
Vinh city

3.1 Principle view
3.1.1 Viewpoints
Viewpoint 1: Setting the structure of peri-urban space in the
direction of North-South, and East-West.
Viewpoint 2: Restore and improve the effectiveness of ecological
links in peri-urban areas, suitable to the development direction of the
city.
Viewpoint 3: Development of peri-urban villages in the direction of
ecological urbanism, in the process of urbanization.
3.1.2 Principle
Principle 1: Development of urban space in the direction of North South in the form of line-point with open space for ecological
connection
Principle 2: Restoration and ecological connection in the East-West
direction


18
Principle 3: Connecting the peri-urban space in accordance with the
structure and direction of urban movement
Principle 4: Developing the model of "eco-cells" in traditional
villages in peri-urban areas
Principle 6: Developing the "green economy" in peri-urban areas
Principle 7: Effectively promote internal resources in peri-urban
areas and reduce impacts outside urban areas
Principle 8: Minimize reduction of adverse impacts by the
environment and climate

Figure 3.4: Basis for connecting East - West and South - North spaces
3.2 Suggesting a model of the peri-urban spatial structure of
cities in the North Central region towards ecological urban

3.2.1 General spatial structure model
The structural model is based on the principle of balancing the
North-South urban development axis and the East-West ecological
connection axis. This is the basis for balancing economic development
axis and development axis connecting ecological space in urban areas.
* Partitioning space in the direction of North - South:
The spatial structure in the North - South direction is divided into 3
areas. According to this axis zoning includes urban development axis,
village spatial structure axis and natural ecosystem axis in the western
mountains and coastal lagoon, the East Sea.
Zone 1: including the line-point the central urban point along the


19
North-South traffic axis.
Region 2,3: the natural ecological area of the coastal lagoon, the
sea and the low mountainous areas of natural ecosystems.
* Space zoning in the East - West direction: The East-West spatial
structure is divided into the central regions and the ecoregions following
the natural spatial structure from the western mountains to the East Sea.
Region A: The transition zone passes through the present and
coastal city center with a high rate of urbanization. Regions B and C:
transition areas forming new urban centers with grade-III-V urban
centers and suburban areas with lower urbanization rates.

Figure 3.5: Model of general spatial structure
Connection space: Located in the middle of urban centers. Space
connecting from the West to the East needs to ensure continuous
ecological connectivity. Ecological spatial areas include natural
elements from hills, forests, canals, fields to lagoons, seas or traditional

rural and village ecological spaces.


20
3.1.2 Urban space structure along North - South axis
The urban spatial structure defines the principle of urban expansion
in the form of the chain - point to ensure the scale of urban development
is associated with economic development. Urban center points include
the current city and peri-urban centers (some centers may be formed in
the future). This development principle creates empty spaces (ecological
spaces) between urban centers to ensure the East-West ecological
coherence at these locations.
3.2.3 The structure of peri-urban space in the East and West
The spatial structure of development in the East and West changes
due to the trend of urban development and ecological flow to the East.
The development trend and speed of urbanization to the east is higher
because of the attraction of the central urban centers. Meanwhile, the
West has formed an ecological belt formed by a low mountain system,
which forms a belt that limits urban development.
3.2.4 Development of peri-urban space according to the model of
"ecological cells"
* Principles of building an "eco-cell" model
Using "eco-cell" space planning with dimensions of 400x400 to
600x600m. These "eco-cells" are converted over time and the pace of
urbanization in stages, still keeping the structure in a sustainable way.
* Developing traditional village space according to the model of
"ecological cells"
From traditional village space, developed into "eco-cells" based on
the characteristics of village clusters, lineages and trade villages with
the scale equivalent to those of residential units. Setting up community

space, serving the function of living and exchanging for residential
clusters. Increasing green tree density around "ecological cells";
converting a part of agricultural land into connecting space, greenery,
ecological space, high-tech agriculture.
3.2.5 Restoring and strengthening ecological links in the East-West


21
direction
* Increase ecological links in peri-urban areas
The western ecoregions need to strengthen the linkage from hilly
ecological areas to ecological fields, villages, and wetlands. Eastern
ecological links include village space, lagoon system, and sea.
Ecosystems include coastal greenery, ecological ponds, and lakes for
aquaculture. Village spaces incorporate inner-city "eco-cell" and
external periphery models to create ecological connections.
3.3 Some solutions to improve the efficiency of peri-urban
space of North Central cities towards ecological urban
3.3.1 Solution for connecting infrastructure
* Connect to expand the peri-urban space.
* Infrastructure connection
3.3.2 Developing internal resources and effectively exploiting periurban resources
* Developing "green economy"
* Effective use of soil and water resources
3.3.3 Solution of spatial structure suitable for climate conditions
and urban heat reduction

Figure 3.20: Peri-urban space structure affects urban heat reduction
Reducing the heat for urban areas in North Central Vietnam

22
depends on the structure of the peri-urban areas mainly based on the
factors of greenery, water surface, the ability to absorb surface heat by
vegetation.
3.4 Applying peri-urban space structure of Vinh city towards
ecological urban
3.4.1 Summary of ecological spatial characteristics in peri-urban
areas
* Natural ecological zoning
- Hill ecosystem, covering the West and Northwest;
- Marine ecosystems; Ecology along Lam river in the southeast;
- Ecology of Quyet mountain and the Southwest field;
- The synthetic ecological core in the middle is a rural area.
* Determine the ecological connection space within the extended
area
- The area connecting ecological lowlands in the West and the
North: including low mountain system scattered into the western ranges.
The northern mountainous region has a continuous connection to the
sea.
- The area connecting the forest, river and sea ecology in the
southeast: characterized by the Lam river ecosystem. The core space
includes green trees, lakes, agricultural and rural areas.
* Determine the ecological connection space in peri-urban
The nature of connecting peri-urban ecological space is divided
into areas from the inner periphery to the outer periphery and the
extended periphery.
3.4.2 Evaluate the impact of peri-urban areas during the expansion
process
* Trends in urbanization and alignment of urban centers

Vinh urban is expanded with a multipolar structure, which is an
important polarity between Vinh city and Cua Lo town. It is this that
makes the direction of urban development tend to shift to the East.