Mối quan hệ giữa độc lập, tự chủ và hội nhập quốc tế của việt nam tt tieng anh

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
INDEPENDENCE, AUTONOMY AND
INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION OF VIETNAM
Major: Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism
Code: 9.22.90.02

SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS

HANOI - 2019


The work is completed at: Graduate Academy of Social Sciences of
Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences

Science instructor: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Vu Hoang Cong

Reviewer 1: Prof.Dr. Duong Xuan Ngoc

Reviewer 2: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Nguyen Ba Duong

Reviewer 3: Prof.Dr. Nguyen Trong Chuan

The thesis is defended against the thesis Council at the
Academy level council at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences of
Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, 477 Nguyen Trai, Thanh
Xuan, Hanoi.
At …… hour …… min, date …… month …… 2019

The thesis can be found at the library:
- Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences
- National Library of Vietnam


INTRODUCTION
1. The urgency of the thesis topic
International integration is an inevitable trend in the
development of nations and economies in the world today. All
countries, big or small, strong or weak, developed or developing are
involved in this process. There are countries actively and positively
participating because they do not want to self-exclude themselves
from the world's development trend and want to take the best
advantage of development opportunities brought by international
integration, but there is also a country attracted to passive way into
this process without the preparedness. Opportunities and challenges
brought by international integration for countries are also different.
Generally, opportunities will be more for developing countries
integrating actively, and challenges are for low development
countries participating passively in the process.
Together with opportunities and challenges, international
integration can reduce or enhance the independence and autonomy of
each country when participating in this process. Therefore, addressing
the relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration is particularly important for developing countries which are
in the process of opening up and international integration.
For years, our Party and State have made important decisions
on innovation in the field of foreign relations and international
integration, contributing greatly to the cause of economic
development, maintaining security and strengthening the position of

the country. However, the international integration process of our
country which is increasingly deep in a rapidly changing
international environment because of the globalization will not only
affect the economy more deeply but also in other areas such as
politics, culture, security - defense.
Therefore, the resolution of the relationship between
independence, autonomy and international integration cannot be
limited to the economic sector, but must be set in a wider, systematic
framework covering the fields such as economy, politics - diplomacy,
culture, and defense - security. This complex multidimensional
nature poses the need to overcome the current gaps in the rationale
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for independence and autonomy. The concept of traditional
independence and autonomy needs to be adjusted based on a strong
scientific awareness, allowing the addition of new content, in
accordance with the international context, new position and power of the
country as well as requirements and development missions of Vietnam.
Therefore, determining the true meaning, nature and inner meaning of
independence, autonomy and meaning, nature and function of
movement as well as the implications of international integration and
resolving the relationship between independence, autonomy and
international integration is essential and plays an important role in
planning guidelines, lines, strategies and policies of the Party and the
State to maintain socio-political stability, make use of every opportunity;
promote the potentials and advantages from the international integration
process; firmly protect independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial
integrity; ensure the successful implementation of the goal of building
and protecting the Vietnam Socialist.

Researching and interpreting the nature of this relationship will
find the optimal solution to attract investment capital sources, absorb
and effectively use modern scientific and technological
achievements; real-life experience and experiment of the contingent
of national experts to accelerate the process of industrialization and
modernization of the country. Independence and autonomy are
ensured to maintain national sovereignty and territorial integrity in
the context of internationalization and globalization today. For the
above reasons, I decided to choose the topic “the relationship
between independence, autonomy and international integration of
vietnam” as my subject of graduate student in philosophy.
2. Objectives and tasks of the thesis
2.1. Objectives
On the basis of clarifying some theoretical and practical issues
about the relationship between independence, autonomy and
international integration of Vietnam, the thesis examines and
evaluates the situation, contributing to clarifying the effectiveness of
this relationship in Vietnam today.

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2.2. Tasks
Analyzing and clarifying some views on independence,
autonomy and international integration; the relationship between
independence, autonomy and international integration of Vietnam
Analyzing the situation and resolving the relationship between
independence, autonomy and international integration of Vietnam in the
fields of economy, politics - diplomacy, culture, defense - security
Proposing views and solutions to ensure the dialectic resolution of

this relationship in Vietnam's international integration today
3. Object and scope of the thesis research
3.1. Research object
The relationship between autonomy and international integration
of Vietnam
3.2. Research scope
- Scope of content: Studying views and practices to solve the
relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration of Vietnam in the main areas of economy, politics diplomacy, culture, defence security.
- Scope of time: From 1995 to present
4. Methodology and research methods of the thesis
4.1. Methodology
The thesis is based on the world view, method of dialectical
materialism and historical materialism of Mac - Leninism, Ho Chi
Minh's thought about unity, contradiction; about international
relations, about ethnicity and time; about resolving conflicts in the
transition period to Vietnam's socialism; the views, strategies,
guidelines and policies of the Party and the State on renovation,
opening, international integration, etc. in addition, the thesis inherits
and develops research results of domestic and foreign scientists;
scientific works related to the topic.
4.2. Research Methods
Using a combination of research methods such as history and
logic, analysis and synthesis, induction and interpretation,
comparison methods, systematization, sociological investigations and
a number of other methods.

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5. New contributions in the scientific aspect of the thesis
The thesis contributes to clarifying some theoretical and
practical issues about the role of reciprocal relations between
independence, autonomy and international integration for the
development and protection of the country today.
The solutions proposed in the thesis (derived from reality)
contribute to clarify the socialist orientation in Vietnam's
international integration.
6. Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis
The thesis contributes to providing scientific research to raise
awareness and solve the relationship between independence,
autonomy and international integration.
Research results of the thesis can be used as references,
serving the research and teaching of Marxist-Leninist philosophy, Ho
Chi Minh's thought, international relations, diplomacy ... in
Universities and Colleges.
7. Structure of the thesis
They are the Introduction, the Conclusion, the List of
references, the List of scientific works published by the author related
to the thesis topic. The thesis consists of 4 chapters, 12 periods.

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Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION
RELATED TO THE THESIS THESIS
1.1. The research works on the theory of the relationship
between independence, autonomy and international integration
1.1.1. Research works on independence and autonomy;
international integration

* About independence, autonomy
For foreign scholars, especially United State like Paul
Kennedy in the work The Rise and Fall of Great Powers. Economic
Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000 (1987) Previous and
present is Joseph S. Nye in The Paradox of American Power: Why
the World Only Superpower Can not Go It Alone; or Sammuel
Hungtington in The Clash Of Civilization and the Remarking of
World Order. Simon & Schuster,… Works of Chinese scholars such
as Kiet Minh, Truong Tay Ninh, Truong Thao and Khuc Khac Man.
Twelve major relations: China's take-off road (Translation of National
Political Publishing House); Ly Nhu Binh. China's foreign strategic
choice in the early 21st century. Beijing, (translation of the Central
Theory Council, 2006); Ly Thanh Huan (editor). Researching the
theory of independence and autonomy in the context of globalization
and international integration of Vietnam has many works. Th
representative is: State-level key science and technology program Research on political theory science in the 2006-2010 period,
topic“The relationship between independence, autonomy and
international economic integration in the new context of Vietnam”
2010 and “Independence, autonomy and international integration of
Vietnam in the new context”, Social Science Publishing House, 2011
by Nguyen Xuan Thang; “The relationship between independence,
autonomy and international integration in Vietnam today. Theoretical
and practical issues”, Political Theory Publishing House, 2015 by
Nguyen Tat Giap, Nguyen Thi Que and Mai Hoai Anh
* About international integration
Starting from the position and important role of international
integration, there have been many research projects on international
integration:“International Integration and issues raised for
Vietnam”, National Political Publishing House, 2015 by Bui Thanh
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Son; Nguyen Dinh Luong, Dinh Chuc, Tran Hoang Ha (2010),
Vietnam - US trade agreement facilitates Vietnam's deeper
integration into the world economy, Industry and Trade Publishing
House, Hanoi; Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2002) Vietnam integrates
into the economy in the trend of globalization - problems and
solutions, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi; “The trend of
international economic integration in the 2011-2020 period”, Social
Sciences Publishing House, 2013, by Nguyen Thi Hong Nhung; author
Hoang Khac Nam with two articles “Some issues of international
integration concept” and “Some theoretical trends about international
integration”; Vu Nhu Khoi (2006), The Communist Party of Vietnam
with the renovation and international integration, Publisher of the
People's Army, Hanoi; Pham Binh Minh (2011), Foreign policy of
Vietnam in the new period, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi.
in the work “Globalization integrates and develops sustainably from a
contemporary philosophy perspective”, National Political Publishing
House - Truth, 2011, by Ho Ba Tham, Nguyen Thi Hong Diem (coeditor); Author Pham Quoc Tru, in the article: “International
integration: Some theoretical and practical issues”, International
Research magazine, No. 2, 2011,…
1.1.2 The works study theoretical issues about the
relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration
“Globalization in the Asia-Pacific context - Some
philosophical issues”, Publishing House of Social Science, 2007, by
author Pham Van Duc - Editor; “Globalization and the future of
transition countries”, National Political Publishing House translated
and released, in 2006 by Grzegorz W. Kolodka; The Central Council
directs the compilation of textbooks of Marxist - LeNin and Ho Chi

Minh ideologies (1999)., “Marxist - LeNin Philosophy”, National
Political Publishing House, Hanoi; “The relationship between
independence, autonomy and international integration in Vietnam
today. Theoretical and practical issues”, Political Theory Publishing
House, 2015 by Nguyen Tat Giap, Nguyen Thi Que and Mai Hoai
Anh; “Vietnam Tiger is changing itself”, by author Brian Van
Arkadie, Raymod Malon, Tran Thi Mai Khoa and Hoang Gia Hai
translator, Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi, 2004; “General
6


discussion” Communist Magazine, No. 826, August 2011; “The
relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration”, Journal of world economic and political issues, No. 6,
2009, by Nguyen Vu Tung;… Talkshow “Good resolution of the
relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration” - Communist Magazine, No. 826, August 2011,
“General
discussion”
Article“The
relationship
between
independence, autonomy and international integration”, Journal of
world economic and political issues, No. 6, 2009, ….
1.1.3. The research works on experience to solve the
relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration
“Vietnam - US trade agreement facilitates Vietnam's deeper
integration into the world economy”, Industry and Trade Publishing
House, 2010, by the authors: Nguyen Dinh Luong, Dinh Chuc, Tran

Hoang Ha; “Vietnam in international integration (late XX century
and early XXI century)” by the authors Nguyen Dinh Le, Bui Thi
Thu Ha; “The views and principles of conduct in Ho Chi Minh's
international relations and the application of our Party in the
integration period”, Proceedings of scientific conference, 2008, by
Ho Chi Minh Institute and leaders of the Party, Ho Chi Minh
National Academy of Politics - Administration; “Vietnam integrates
and develops in a socialist way on the basis of Ho Chi Minh's
thought”, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 2004, by the author
Dinh Xuan Lam; “Looking back at 5 years after WTO accession Some impacts on foreign relations and lessons for Vietnam”, Journal
of International Studies, No. 1, 2012 by Dang Dinh Quy; …
1.2. The research works on the status of solving the
relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration of Vietnam
The work “Vietnam started the first 5 years of the victory
century”, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2006, by Tran
Duc Luong; “International integration: opportunities and challenges
for traditional values in the context of globalization today”, Journal
of Philosophy, No. 8, 2004; Works: “Vietnam - ASEAN. Ten years of
traveling on the path of international integration 1995 - 2005”,
Southeast Asian Research Institute, 2005; “Opportunities in the
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process of international integration”, Communist Journal, No. 6,
2006; “Vietnam - World and Integration” (Some selected works),
Education Publishing House, Hanoi, 2007 by Vu Duong Ninh;
“Vietnam in the first years of the 21 st century: Objectives, paths and
development models”, Foreign Affairs Magazine, No. 7, 2011, by
Hoang Chi Bao; “Ensuring independent autonomy and international

integration”, Political Theory Journal, No. 5, 2011, by Nguyen Viet
Thao; “Properly handling the relationship between independence,
autonomy and international integration in the new context of
Vietnam”, Journal of Political Theory, No. 10, 2012 by Thai Van
Long, Vu The Tung; “Vietnam has been and will continue to actively
and positively integrate into the world”, Communist Journal No. 831
(January 2012), by author Nguyen Phu Trong; ...
1.3. The research works on solutions to solve the
relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration
The work “Renovation in Vietnam with the struggle to protect
the national independence of developing countries after the Cold
War”, author Bui Thanh Son; National Political Publishing House,
2013, by Nguyen Huu Toan; “Vietnam economic integration in the
trend of globalization: Problems and solutions”, National Political
Publishing House, 2002; “International economic integration in
Vietnam - Lessons learned and some recommendations”, State
Management Magazine, No. 192, 2012 by Nguyen The Manh;
Article “International integration - achievements, limitations and
solutions to promote international integration”, by Nguyen Van
Trinh and Tran Huy Hieu; “The relationship between autonomy and
international integration in Vietnam during the renovation period”,
Vietnam Social Science Magazine, No. 8 (81), 2014, by Kim Ngoc
and Ngo Phuc Hanh;… the book “International integration of issues
raised for Vietnam”, National Political Publishing House - Truth, in
2015, author Bui Thanh Son evaluated the overall difficulties and
advantages in promoting international integration by 2030.… Author
Nguyen Huu Toan in the project “Renovation in Vietnam with the
struggle to protect the national independence of developing countries
after the Cold War”, National Political Publishing House, 2013 ...

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1.4. The issues that need to be studied further
Firstly: In the field of dialectical materialist analysis, clarifies
the views on "independence and autonomy" in the new context
(Views of the Party, researchers ...), further clarifies the views of
Marxist Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought, the Communist Party of
Vietnam on "international integration" and the content of
international integration of Vietnam in the current context.
Secondly: On the basis of dialectical materialism, analyzing the
situation of resolving the relationship between independence,
autonomy and international integration of Vietnam in the areas of
economy, politics - diplomacy and culture, defence security.
Thirdly, proposing major solutions to ensure to resolve
dialectically the relationship between independence, autonomy and
international integration; to ensure the proactive and the positive in
international integration…
Chapter 2
SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES ABOUT THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDEPENDENCE, AUTONOMY
AND INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION OF VIETNAM
2.1. Some basic concepts
2.1.1. The concept of independence, autonomy
“Independence” is the concept of the state of a subject that is not
dependent, not controlled by other forces
“Autonomy” is a special kind of right to control an area by
rule, people or someone else
Independence and autonomy are the categories that play a key
role in the fields of politics, law and international relations.

Conceptually, independence is a state that does not depend on any
external force; Autonomy is the active control capacity to make
policies consistent with goals. Thus, independence reflects more the
external aspect, while autonomy reflects the inner aspect of the same
phenomenon. Independence and autonomy often come together as a
common phrase, "independent, autonomy" in order to clarify their
inner meaning and to express external relations while showing
internal movement.
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In the context of globalization today the author thinks that
independence and autonomy are dialectical concepts containing a
particularly important content that is self-reliant, i.e, relying on our
own strength to solve our problems. On the other hand, independence
and autonomy (in the current period) do not mean to stand isolated,
aloof but in contrast, countries need to consider themselves an
integral part of the world. When independence and autonomy are
absolute, isolated from the outside world, that will inevitably lead to
stagnation and backwardness. In a diverse, complex and increasingly
dependent world, independent and autonomy are the participation,
clearly defining the foothold and affirming position in the
relationship network which is complex benefit, multi-dimensional and
multi-level to determine the appropriate development path.
2.1.2. Concepts and connotations of international integration
“International integration” is an inevitable development
process, due to the social nature of labor and the relationship between
people. The birth and development of the market economy is also one
of the driving forces to promote the international integration process.
In fact, so far, there are many different ways to understand and

define the concept of "international integration". In general, there are
three main approaches: The first approach, the federalist school,
believes that integration is "a final product rather than a process. That
product is the formation of a federally controlled state like the US or
Switzerland "; the second approach, assumes that Integration is "both
a process and a final product"; the third approach "pays much
attention to the national level of the linkage process".
In terms of internal content, international integration not only
takes place in each area of social life, but also takes place in absolute
terms in many fields with very differences in nature, scope and form,
specifically as follows:
About international economic integration: This is the process
of linking the economies of each country to the regional and world
economies through efforts to liberalize and open the economy in
different forms: bilateral, sub-regional, regional, inter-regional,
global; Political integration: This is the process by which countries
engage in collective power mechanisms (two or more countries) to
pursue certain goals and behave in accordance with common rules.;
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Integration of culture and society: is the process of opening and
exchanging culture with other countries; sharing cultural and spiritual
values with the world; absorbing the advanced cultural values of the
world to supplement and enrich the national culture; Integration of
national defense and security: This is the process of participation
between countries in order to maintain peace and security.
With the main goal of researching and proposing essential
points and solutions for the relationship between autonomy and
international integration of Vietnam in the new period, the author

shows that international integration is the process of a country
pursuing its goals through self-awareness, proactive cooperation
with other countries in many fields with various forms and levels,
from low to high. The country will actively apply, participate in the
development of international laws and standards, join in and
participate responsibly in international institutions and organizations
in order to maximize the benefits of our nation – our country.
2.2. The relationship between independence, autonomy and
international integration
2.2.1. The nature and content of the relationship between
independence, autonomy and international integration
Firstly, Independence and autonomy are the decisive factors for
international integration, the basis for planning and implementing
integration areas; independence and autonomy are the basis, conditions
and prerequisites to positively and actively integrate into the world.
Secondly, in turn, international integration, on the one hand,
contributes to strengthening the country's ability to maintain
independence and autonomy; on the other hand, international
integration can limit independence and autonomy.
2.2.2. The relationship between independence, autonomy and
international integration viewed from angles
- Economy: The independent economic structure changes
drastically due to internal, external economic liberalization, as
essentially a "dual" power transition characterizing economies that
must participate simultaneously in two processes: market economy
reform and international economic integration.

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- Politics: the “dual” power transition in the process of
international economic integration and market reform has an impact
on political sovereignty.
- Security and national defense: The two risks to independence
and territorial integrity of Vietnam are the sovereignty disputes in the
South China Sea and the separatism of minority and religious
communities have not been solve thoroughly.
- Culture: International integration has both positive and
negative impacts on the ability to preserve and promote the cultural
identity of the nation.
2.3. The development of the theory of the Communist Party
of Vietnam on the relationship between independence, autonomy
and international integration
2.3.1. Ho Chi Minh's thoughts and views of the Communist
Party of Vietnam on independence, autonomy and international
relations during the period of national liberation struggle,
unification of the country
President Ho Chi Minh's thought on international integration
and solidarity on the basis of respect for independence, sovereignty
and territorial integrity has become the basic, consistent principles for
setting out foreign policy.
The struggle for national liberation and the reunification of
Vietnam in most of the twentieth century has always been the
shadow of big countries, not only in the position of invader, but also
in the position of friends and ally. Therefore, maintaining
independence, autonomy while wisely handling relationships with
big countries, to enlist the help of these countries is one of the
important factors for the success of Viet Nam's revolution.

2.3.2. Theory of the Communist Party of Vietnam on the

relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration from Congress VI to Congress XII
The 6th National Congress (12/1986) with the policy of
implementing the reform policy paved the way for Vietnam's
international integration process.
The 7th National Congress (6/1991) marked a new
development of the Party's awareness of the relationship between
independence, autonomy and international integration.
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The 8th National Congress (6/1996), our Party's awareness of
the relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration has changed significantly. The concept of "integration" is
officially mentioned
The 9th National Congress (4/2001) clearly pointed out the
relationship between independence, autonomy and international
economic integration: "Actively integrating into the international and
regional economy in the spirit of maximizing internal resources,
improving the effectiveness of international cooperation, ensuring
independence,
autonomy and socialist orientation, protecting
national interests, maintaining national security, preserving national
cultural identity, and protecting the environment ”[25, 30].
The 10th National Congress (4/2006) showed The Party's view
on the relationship between autonomy and international integration
was fully presented, the contents were deepened.
The 11th National Congress (1/2011) showed the awareness of
the relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration of the Party, rised to new level. The resolution of the

relationship was determined to be central, fundamental and might be
carried out throughout the transition period to socialism in Vietnam.
The 12th National Congress (1/2016) showed the awareness of
the relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration, compared to the 11th; The 12th National Congress added
and clarified the content of the relationship.
It can be said that compared to the previous congresses, at The
th
12 National Congress, the Party's view on independence, autonomy
and international integration, has been presented in the most
complete way, the contents were more profound, reflecting the
Party's guidelines and policies in the new period.
2.4. Experiences resolving the relationship between
independent, autonomy and integration of some countries in
the world
2.4.1. The experience of China
- Attach reforms with opening
- Avoid confronting the big forces
- Persist in the cause of national unification
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- Persist in the leadership of the Communist Party, constantly
innovating thinking
2.4.2. The experience of Korea
- Implement policies on close economic cooperation,
comprehensive security alliances.
- Enhance diversification and expand foreign relations
2.4.3. The experience of Kazashstan
- Priority for ensuring socio-political stability in the country

- Independent, autonomy, balanced peace in foreign policy, not
allowing any big country to manipulate and dominate.
2.4.4. The experience of Russia
- Enhance diversification and expand foreign relations with
many partners
- Be aware of their position, relationship, and real interests in
international linking environments.
2.4.5. The experience of Singapore and Malaysia
- Build a national economy
- Implement the motto "global thinking, regional planning and
national action"
- Positively, actively integrate and maintain independence in
terms of development.
2.4.6. Some comments are drawn
Firstly, In order to maintain independence and autonomy in the
context of international integration, all countries enhance
diversification and expand foreign relations with many partners.;
Secondly, want successful international integration must maintain
that independence and autonomy; Thirdly, countries apply
independent and autonomous ways in each stage in a flexible,
creative and adaptive way to specific circumstances and tasks.;
Fourthly, integration is not "dissolve" into the world but the process
of joining, entering into the international life but still retaining the
identity and spirit of the nation, maintaining the independence and
autonomy of the country. ; Fifth, strengthening national power is a
key factor to reduce "asymmetric dependence" that is not conducive
to national independence; Sixth, there must be an independent,
autonomous foreign policy, especially not to allow standing in the
middle of road junction. Seventhly, in the long term, it is necessary to
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build a common value system for all ethnic groups, so that they are
wholeheartedly devoted their efforts to the cause of building a
harmonious, prosperous and peaceful country among peoples in our
country and with other peoples in the world.
Chapter 3
THE SITUATION AND ISSUES RAISED IN RESOLVING THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDEPENDENCE, AUTONOMY
AND INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION OF VIETNAM
3.1. The situation in resolving the relationship between
independence, autonomy and international integration of
Vietnam
3.1.1. Successes and limitations in addressing the
relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration of Vietnam in the fields
3.1.1.1. In the field of economics
* Success
In terms of reasoning
The success of resolving the relationship between
independence, autonomy and international integration in the
economic field is that the relationship between building an
independent economy, autonomy and international economic
integration is ensured harmony.
The actual results
Firstly, Vietnam has built and implemented a model of socialistoriented market economy to achieve encouraging practical results to
create a position and force, proactively participate in international
economic integration.
Secondly, International economic integration helps Vietnam
expand economic and trade relations with other countries, expand

markets, strongly boost exports, and attract international resources.
Serving effectively the development and restructuring, improving
economic potential are to create conditions for "building an
independent, autonomous economy increasingly high in the context
of deeper and deeper integration" [27, 104].
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* Limitation
Firstly, in international economic integration, we have not done
well to ensure independence and autonomy, depending too much on a
market.
Secondly, from central to local levels, between ministries,
businesses and people in general have not reached a high consensus
in awareness and action in dealing with the relationship between
independence, autonomy and international economic integration.
Thirdly, we are still confused in building an overall strategy of
international economic integration, thus not really actively
integrating into the international economy, significantly affecting the
independence and autonomy in economic and trade relations.
3.1.1.2. In the field of polity
* Success
Firstly, normalize and develop relationships with big countries:
Secondly, ensuring independence and autonomy in the process
of international integration in politics - diplomacy
* Limitation
- In relationships with big countries, especially with the US
and China, we still have some obstacles, restraints have not been
removed.
- In the relationship with Laos and Cambodia, we still do not

have a stable solution against the strong impact of China and the US.
- In bilateral cooperation, with some partners, the content of
relations has aspects that are not commensurate with the framework,
between political commitments and many gaps in the actual
implementation of relations;
- In the process of implementing the open-door policy,
Vietnam's international integration has many loopholes. Therefore,
hostile forces always increase the activity of "peaceful evolution";
3.1.1.3. In the field of culture
* Success
In terms of reasoning
We have positively and actively built up the system of views,
guidelines, lines and policies successfully to develop advanced
Vietnamese culture, "imbued with national identity" in the trend of
globalization and international integration increasingly deep.
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The actual results
About cultural cooperation with other countries.
About international cultural exchange
* Limitation
Ensuring the relationship between independence, autonomy
and international integration in the field of culture is to protect,
preserve and promote the national cultural identity in the process of
international integration. However, in fact, the process of integration
and development is creating a risk of oblivion, even losing traditional
culture. Mass culture with modern media is directing young people to
popular singers or movie stars but little interest in major historical
events and national cultural communication.

3.1.1.4. In the field of defense and security
* Success
In terms of reasoning
Ensuring the principle of maintaining independence and
autonomy throughout the process of expanding and deepening the
defense and security relations between Vietnam and international
organizations, especially the issue of sovereignty protection and
territorial integrity.
The actual results
In July 1995, Vietnam joined ASEAN and through ASEAN we
solved many problems in the field of security - defense.
On the other hand, Vietnam actively and positively
participated as well as promoted regional and world multilateral
cooperation activities.
* Limitation
- In the framework of ASEAN, the level of cooperation in
national defense and security between Vietnam and ASEAN
countries is still at a low level, does not fully promote the positive
factors, does not commensurate with the potential of Vietnam and
other countries in the area;
- Vietnam depends on Russia's defense supplies:
- Currently, the issue of managing expenditures of national
defense and security budget in our country is not transparent.
- The source of funding for Vietnam's defense and security
budget is still limited.
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- An emerging problem at this time is that the South China Sea
sovereignty dispute is becoming increasingly complex not only

related to the sensitive issue of sovereignty and jurisdiction over the
seas and islands, but also the right to manage and exploit marine
resources.
3.1.2. The cause of successes and limitations in resolving the
relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration
3.2.2. 1. The cause of successes
Firstly, our Party and State have proposed and led the way to
solve the relationship between independence, autonomy and
international integration properly and creatively.
Secondly, flexible and creative application of materialist
dialectics is to solve the relationship between independence,
autonomy and international integration
Thirdly, proactively capturing and effectively resolving the
relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration, is to create a favorable opportunity to develop the
country.
3.2.2.2. The cause of limitations
* About awareness
- Role of independence and autonomy becomes absolute
- Enhance the role of integration, do not need and cannot
maintain, strengthen national independence, autonomy and
sovereignty.
* About organization of implementation
Firstly, to coordinate and combine the relationship between
independence, autonomy and international integration of a number of
ministries, departments, enterprises and localities, which are not yet
profound, so some guidelines of the Party and policies of the State
have been issued but slowly implemented
Secondly, a number of guidelines, mechanisms and policies

have been slow to be reformed compared to the requirements of
expanding cooperation and international integration, which reflects
thinking not keeping up with the development of reality.

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Thirdly, in implementing international integration, there is not
yet a full awareness of the relationship between independence,
autonomy and international integration.
Fourthly, the state management capacity is limited.
3.2. Issues raised in addressing the relationship between
independence, autonomy and international integration of
Vietnam

3.2.1. The inadequacy between human resources and the need
to resolve the relationship between independence, autonomy and
international integration in Vietnam
The requirements for international integration are increasingly
high; however, in fact, human resources in other words, the subjects
to solve the relationship between independence, autonomy and
international integration of Vietnam are still expressing weaknesses,
limitations and failing to meet the set requirements.
The problem of the quality of the contingent of cadres and civil
servants involved in settling the relationship between independence,
autonomy and international integration still limits many aspects,
failing to meet the set requirements.
3.2.2. The inadequacies between the increasing demand for
building an independent and autonomous economy with linking the
national economy to regional and global economic organizations

In the long term, international integration can make the world
"flatter" and will "blur" the border between national international
economic spaces by itself and gradually forming larger economic
spaces, including many countries and economic territories. National
economies will lose relative independence today, and become
economic entities like parts of a large global economy.
3.2.3. The inadequacy between mechanisms, policies and
laws of Vietnam with strict regulations of international law
In response to the requirements set by international integration
practices, Vietnam attaches great importance to renewing the system
of mechanisms, policies and laws. However, the system of
mechanisms, policies and laws of Vietnam are setting out the need to
overcome limitations, inadequacies and lack of synchronization,
failing to keep up with the rapid changes of practice; at the same time
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overcome differences, inconsistency with international regulations
and laws.
3.2.4. Inadequacies in practice address the relationship
between independence, autonomy and international integration.
Reasoning has not yet solved the relationship... the relationship
between independence, autonomy and international integration,
therefore "a high consensus on awareness is not achieved and lack of
definitive policy making".
At some critical moments, advisory bodies of the Party and the
State have not yet properly evaluated the world situation, and lack of
accurate and timely forecasts on the world's major political and
economic fluctuations. This leads to a lack of basis for making
flexible, timely and resolute decisions in some cases.

Independence and autonomy are the cause of the entire people
but the awareness from branches, departments to officials, party
members and each citizen about sovereignty and interests, unions and
individuals for national independence and autonomy is not high.
Chapter 4
VIEWPOINTS AND BASIC SOLUTIONS TO RESOLVE THE
EFFICIENCY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
INDEPENDENCE, AUTONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL
INTEGRATION OF VIETNAM
4.1. Basic viewpoints and principles address the
relationship between Vietnam's independence, autonomy and
international integration
4.1.1. The basic perspective addresses the relationship
between independence, autonomy and international integration
- Addressing the relationship between independence,
autonomy and international integration of Vietnam must put the
interests of the nation – country first.
- Consistent principles of independence and autonomy; firmly
maintain the motto of multilateralization and diversification in
international integration; resolute, persistent struggle to protect
national interests, sovereignty and territorial integrity.

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- Strengthening national capacity and synergy, creating a
foundation to ensure independence, autonomy and promoting
international integration.

4.1.2. General principles and methodologies for the

study to resolve the relationship between independence,
autonomy and international integration of Vietnam
- Objective principles
- The principle of progress and development
- The principle of specific historical, dynamism, creativity
4.2. The basic solution deals with the relationship between
independence, autonomy and international integration of
Vietnam.
4.2.1. Improving the quality of human resources to solve the
relationship between autonomy and international integration
4.2.1.1. Raising awareness of officials, party members and people
on the position and role of the relationship between independence,
autonomy and international integration
4.2.1.2. Improving the quality and capacity of cadres, civil
servants and officials, addressing the relationship between
independence, autonomy and international integration of Vietnam.
4.2.1.3. Improving the quality of training facilities, fostering
scientific and technological knowledge related to international
integration; actively select and send trainees at prestigious schools
around the world; actively exchange experts domestically and
internationally
4.2.1.4. Developing a contingent of entrepreneurs, officials
and employees who directly address the relationship between
independence, autonomy and international integration
4.2.1.5. There are adequate mechanisms and policies for
remuneration in the field of international integration and solving the
relationship between cooperation and struggle in international
economic integration of Vietnam
4.2.2. Promoting economic development, expand and
enhance external economic activities

4.2.2.1. Mobilizing all resources to meet the needs of fast and
sustainable economic development
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4.2.2.2. Encouraging investment, expanding markets abroad,
linking Vietnam's economy to the world economy
4.2.2.3. Developing the state economy, strengthening joint
ventures, and linking research, manufacturing, goods production,
actively participating in the world labor and trade market.
4.2.3. Supplementing and perfecting the policy system of
economic and law to create a solid legal basis for resolving the
independent, autonomy and international integration relations of
Vietnam today
4.2.3.1. Supplementing and perfecting the system of
synchronous economic policies, in accordance with the principles of
economic organizations and international law.
4.2.3.2. Supplementing and perfecting the legal system,
creating a solid legal basis for integration and resolving the
relationship between independence, autonomy and international
integration
4.2.3.3. Promoting administrative reform in the field of
international integration
4.2.4. Building a stable socio-political environment; closely
combine economy with national defense and security, enhance
position and force of Vietnam in international integration
4.2.4.1. Maintaining a stable socio-political environment to
actively and positively integrate into the world
4.2.4.2. Incorporating economic activities with defense,
security and foreign affairs

4.2.4.3. Promoting the combined strength of the country in
external activities, actively promoting the image and strength of
Vietnam's economy to the world

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CONCLUSION
The progress of Vietnam's deeper international integration in
the context of today's globalization poses very new, very fundamental
challenges for the country's autonomy and independence. Correctly
addressing the relationship between independence, autonomy and
international integration of Vietnam is the "key" to bring about the
success of the industrialization, modernization, construction and
national defense
With this task, the thesis has analyzed and clarified the
theoretical basis of independence, autonomy, international integration
and the relationship between independence, autonomy and
international integration. Evaluation (based on reliable data,
published in the reports, Weside of the government such as the
General Statistics Office, General Department of Customs ...) is in a
systematic way, successes and limitations in solving the relationship
between independence, autonomy and international integration of
Vietnam since 1995 - now. Since then, it proposes views and
solutions to ensure the settlement of the relationship between
independence, autonomy and international integration of Vietnam.
The process of international integration of Vietnam in the past
years has achieved very important initial achievements. The dialectic
between independence, autonomy and international integration has
been perceived and implemented effectively by the Party, the State

and people, contributing to the development of the country. However,
the reality of Vietnam shows that, due to the different areas of key
sovereignty of our country participating in the integration process, we
do not bear the same effects.
The lesson of 30 years of Innovation shows that there are
important factors that contribute to maintaining national
independence and autonomy in this context, which can become a
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