Tư tưởng của v i lênin về bảo vệ lợi ích quốc gia và định hướng ở việt nam hiện nay tt tiếng anh

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INTRODUCTION
1. Reason for choosing topic of the thesis
Protecting national interests (NIs) is a matter of law, is the
strategic task of every country. Protecting NIs is a matter of law for
all types of countries, socialist countries are no exception. Therefore,
every country must pay special attention to enhance combined
strengths in order to ensure comprehensive and effective protection
of its NIs. Protecting interests of socialist state is the sum of positive
and self-aware activities of both the political system and all the
people, in order to preserve and strengthen NIs, fight against all
violations against NIs of hostile forces in every situation to directly
protect the vital interests, the existence and development benefits of
the socialist state. Protecting interests of socialist state is a
strategic task under the leadership of the communist party, the
centralized and unified management of the socialist state.
V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs are an invaluable
spiritual property for communist parties of socialist states to
effectively implement in protecting their NIs. Complying with the
theory of Marxism - Leninism, directly the Leninist thought about the
protecting NIs is a principal issue to comprehensively and effectively
protect the interests of socialist states. Lenin - the genius leader of the
proletariat, directly the leader of the Russian revolution, made great
contributions both in the theoretical and practical aspects in
protecting the interests of socialist states. Even in the first years after
the victory of the Great Russian October socialist revolution, Lenin
clearly recognized the position and importance of protecting NIs and
economic, political, national security and defence challenges against
a fledgling government in carrying out this task. Since then, he soon
studied and identified the principles, rules, contents, subjects,
methods, forces and power to protect NIs. He and the Russian

Bolshevik Party successfully defended NIs of Soviet Union under the
resistance of the invading empires. That theory and practice have
been and continue to serve as a scientific basis for communist and
socialist parties to study, learn and apply to protect their NIs.
In the process of leading Vietnamese revolution, President
Ho Chi Minh and our Communist Party always applied faithfully and
creatively V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting NIs in planning and
implementing the protection of Vietnam's NIs with many great achievements.


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For more than 30 years of renovation, Vietnamese Communist Party has
clearly defined the directing opinion of protecting NIs.
“Ensuring the supreme interests of the nation on the basis of
the fundamental principles of international law, equality and
mutual benefits, consistently implementing the independent,
autonomous, peaceful, cooperative and developmental policies in
foreign relations; diversifying and multilateralizing foreign
relations; being proactive and active in international integration;
being a friend, trusted partner and responsible member of the
international community” [24, p. 153].
However, along with the achievements, in the practice of
protecting NIs, there are still shortcomings and limitations. The
awareness about protecting NIs in some places with a deviant
tendency has been directly affecting the cause of protecting NIs.
Currently, the protection NIs of Vietnam is subjected to
multi-dimensional impacts of many factors, further demanding more
loyalty and creativity in implementing thoughts of Lenin in. The
situation of the world and the region will have many complicated
developments, creating both opportunities and challenges for

protecting NIs. Peace, national independence, democracy,
cooperation and development are still major trends. Globalization,
international integration, scientific and technological revolution,
knowledge-based economy continues to be promoted. Asia - Pacific,
including Southeast Asia has become a community, continuing to be
an important centre for dynamic development with the increased
importance in geographic - economic - political position; At the same
time, this is also a strategic competitive area between a number of big
countries, with many uncertainties; territorial disputes, sovereignty
over sea and islands in the region and the South China Sea.
In the country, the nation's overall strength increases, the
country's international reputation has been increasingly enhanced;
international integration is getting more intensive and extensive.
Opportunities for development are more and more available.
However, there are still many difficulties and challenges: The four
risks pointed out by the Communist Party still exist; Degeneration of
political ideas, morality, lifestyle, expression of "self-evolutions",
"self-transformation" in a part of cadres, party members, civil
servants and officials. The socio-political situation in some areas is
also potentially at risk of instability. Therefore, the study of Lenin


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in’s thoughts on protecting NIs has positively contributed to clarify
theoretical contents about protecting NIs in Vietnam today;
equipping scientific and revolutionary reasoning skills for working
class and people to work and fight, smash all intrigues and tricks of
violating sovereignty, territorial integrity, protect the Party and State,
protect the people, protect the socialist regime.
All of these factors are posing many new problems and

requirements for the cause of protecting NIs in Vietnam today, further
demanding good and deeper understanding and application of Lenin
in’s thoughts in protecting NIs in Vietnam today. For the above
reasons, the topic: "V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting national
interests and orientation for application in Vietnam today" was
chosen for the thesis with urgent and theoretical significance.
2. Purposes of tasks of the study
Purposes of the study
The study clarifies V.I.Lenin’s content and ideological value
on protecting NIs; accordingly it plans the direction to apply that
ideology into Vietnam’s NIs at the present.
Tasks of the study
The study gives an overview of the thesis-related situation.
The study clarifies the scientific basis to form V.I.Lenin’s
ideology on protecting NIs; the concept of NIs, protection of NIs;
V.I.Lenin’s ideology on NIs and NIs protection.
The study clarifies the fundamental content and V.I.Lenin’s
ideological value on protecting NIs.
The study provides the direction to apply into Vietnam’s NIs
protection at the present.
3. Object and scope of the study
Object of the study
V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting NIs and the direction to
apply that ideology into Vietnam’s NIs.
Scope of the study
The study focuses on the contents of V.I.Lenin’s ideology on
protecting NIs of Soviet Russian socialism and Soviet and the
direction to apply that ideology into Vietnam’s NIs at the present.
In terms of time: V.I.Lenin’s ideology form 1895 to 1924,
focusing from 1917 to 1924; the direction to apply that ideology into

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Vietnam’s NIs at the present.
4. Practical and theoretical basis and methodology
Theoretical basis
The study is conducted basing on Marxism-Leninism of NI, NI protection.
Practical basis
The actual theoretical research and V.I.Lenin’s leadership on
the cause of Soviet Russian’s NIs protection and Soviet (1917 to 1924);
the reality of Vietnam’s NIs protection in the innovative cause.
Methodology
The study uses the methodology of dialectical materialism
and historical materialism, combined with the use of methods of
analysis and synthesis; history and logic; generalization and
abstraction; sociological investigation methods, etc. to fulfil the
purposes and tasks of the study.
5. New contributions of the research
The study primarily provides the scientific basis to form
V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting NIs; the concept of NIs, protection
of NI; V.I.Lenin’s ideology on NIs and NIs protection.
The study clarifies the fundamental content and V.I.Lenin’s
ideological value on protecting NIs.
The study proposes the direction to apply that ideology into
Vietnam’s NI at the present.
6. Theoretical and practical significance of the study
The findings of the study contribute to provide the scientific
arguments in identifying the direction to improve the application of
V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting Vietnam’s NIs at the present.
The study can be used as references researching and teaching the

related issues at academies and schools nowadays.
7. Structure of the thesis
The thesis includes: Introduction, 4 chapters (12 periods),
Conclusions, list of scientific works of the author related to the
dissertation, list of references and Appendices.


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Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS-RELATED RESEARCH
SITUATION
1.1. The foreign works related to the thesis
1.1.1. The works on interest, national interests
National interest is the strategic problem of every nation. Thus,
there have been several works worldwide researching on this issue to
analyse and apply into addressing NIs in different specific aspect.
The works on interest
Typical authors and their works are listed here below: Mark Lenin’s sociology by V.Đôbơrianốp; National security strategy and
its
expansion
commitment
by
American
President
William.J.Clintơn; Investigation into big changes in American
military strategy by Tran Ba Khoa; American commitment in
extending American new global strategy by Le Ba Thuyen;
American crucial benefits Zêm A.Đônôvan; Social benefit: unity
and diversity by V.A.Vassev; An analysis on Russian economic
transformation and benefit distribution by Ong Tuan Binh and Cao

Tu Binh. These above works have thoroughly touched upon and
stated that the interest plays a decisive role in development strategy
of every nation.
The works on national interest
Typically: “Restate national interests” published on Journal of
International Relations in 11/1999; “South-East Asian in American
national security strategy after the cold war” by Nguyen Thi Le,
published on Journal of South-East Asian, Volume 3, 2007; “National
interests - the foundation for planning American national security
strategy” by Vo Hai Minh, published on Journal named “Economic and
political issues in the world”, Volume 12 (128), 2006; “China’s national
interest in relation with ASEAN”, published on Journal of Pacific Asian economy, Volume 289 (11/2009); “On national interest and
China’s relations with big countries and neighbouring countries” by
Nguyen Phuong, published on Journal of Research on China, Volume 5
(141), 2013. By different approaches, these works have thoroughly
interpreted national interest a variety of fields such as economics,
politics, culture, defence, security and foreign affairs, which serve as the
basis and driving force for social development of each country.


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1.1.2. The works on V.I.Lenin’s ideology on interest, national
interest protection
The works on V.I.Lenin’s ideology on interest
Typically: Principles of Leninism by J.V.Stalin; On
internationalism and nationalism by Luu Thieu Ky. These works have
interpreted V.I.Lenin’s ideology on interest in the class struggle between
working class and the proletariat according to the ideology of MarxismLeninism in order to protect the interest of Russian working class and workers
in the communist movement and international workers.
The works on V.I.Lenin’s ideology on national interest protection

Typical works: V.I.Lenin in the days of November by
N.Cơrupscaia; V.I.Lenin’s leadership in defending Soviet by
N.P.Cudơmin; V.I.Lênin’s career is alive and of victory by
L.I.Bơrêgiơnhép; Lenin’s principle in building new type of Party by
J.V.Stalin; Issues on Leninism by J.V.Stalin; Hoi Ky Memoir about
V.I.Lenin by V.A.Cacpinxki; Leninism’s foundations by J.V.Stalin;
Theoretical issues on the excessive period from capitalism to socialism by
I.A.Đôrôsép, M.F.Makarava, A.V.Tusunốp; V.I.Lênin on the State of
socialism by I.Lốcchiép; V.I.Lenin’s style in working and the Party’s
leadership by M.M.Vaxerơ. These works contribute to clarify V.I.Lenin’s
ideology on NI protection, the indispensability, content, subject, method,
force, strength and value of V.I.Lenin’s NIs protection to deal with the
hostile forces and to develop the country, bringing about great benefits for
Russian working class and workers.
1.2. The domestic works related to the thesis
1.2.1. The works on interest
There are a numbers of works on interest in Vietnam, typically:
Community of Vietnam nation by Dang Nghiem Van; A contribution to
researching interest relations by Nguyen Linh Khieu; Driving force for
socio-economic development by Nguyen Linh Khieu; The role of
interest with social development by Dang Quang Dinh; Building
socialism in Vietnam, the origin and motivation by Le Huu Tang; On the
conflict of interest today by Ho Ba Tham; Relationship between
personal interest and social ethics in the market economy in Vietnam
today by Pham Van Duc; The issue of combining different types of
interests in the cause of protecting and developing the country in
Vietnam by Pham Van Duc; Distributing interest in the socialistoriented market economy by Vu Thanh Son; Practical and theoretical


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groups of interest by Le Thai Duong; Addressing peacefully the border
and territory dispute: Theory and practice by Dang Dinh Quy and
Nguyen Thi Lan Anh. These above works have analysed and clearly
stated the role, origin, motivation of interest for the social
development and pointed out the nature of interest in social relations
and its effects on development of the market economy, NIs protection
in Vietnam today.
1.2.2. The works on national interest and national interest
protection
Typically: Ensuring harmonious interest of intellects in
international economic integration of Vietnam by Ngo Tuan Nghia;
Interest of employees working in foreign-invested companies in
Vietnam today by Le Xuan Thuy; Maintaining national independence
and sovereignty in the cause of building and protecting socialist
Vietnam Fatherland by Dang Duy Thin; “Farmers’ interests” by
Nguyen Danh Son, published on Journal of Economics. These works
have clarified the practical and theoretical basis on interest in the
cause of building and protecting socialist Vietnam Fatherland,
contributing to build Vietnam working class in the new situation and
ensure its position in the global process.
1.2.3. The works on applying V.I.Lenin’s ideology on interest,
national interest protection
Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy with the book
Development and creative application V.I.Lenin’s ideology into the
reality of Vietnam revolution. This book touches upon systems of
V.I.Lenin’s views and thoughts in terms of economics, politics,
philosophy, scientific socialism, nation, religion, culture, society, party
building and state government; flexible application of V.I.Lenin’s
thoughts into building socialism in Vietnam. This book also mentions
different points of NIs, ways of protecting and developing NIs.

Political Academy - Ho Chi Minh National Administration has
published the Conference Proceedings on V.I.Lenin’s heritage in the
current world and the innovative cause in Vietnam. The book consists of
124 articles at National Conference. The authors have thoroughly and
completely presented V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on different aspects of social
life, combining between building and fighting, actively protecting
achievements of proletariat revolution and interest of Russian working
class and workers. Accordingly, some papers deal with Vietnam


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Communist Party’s application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts into building and
protecting the country. Other typical works include: New thinking on
national independence and sovereignty and protection of national
independence and sovereignty in the global and regional era and
international economic integration by Le Van Quang; Protection of
national independence and sovereignty in the globalization by Nguyen
Hoang Giap; Renovating, improving the management efficiency,
national border protection in the new situation by Do Nhat Tan;
Application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on the Party’s leadership into our
country today by Pham Ngoc Quang; V.I.Lenin’s views on building the
army in terms of politics and our Party’s application into the Vietnam
people’s Army by Le Van Phong; Application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts into
building the legal State in our country today by Mach Quang Thang.
These works have thoroughly analysed the application of V.I.Lenin’s
thoughts into NIs protection in our country, which have obtained
significant achievements in fighting for national independence and
innovative period. At the same time, they have pointed out requirements
and contents of NIs protection in Vietnam today.
1.3. Brief findings of published works and the issues that

require further solutions from the thesis
1.3.1. Brief findings of published works and the issues
related to the thesis
There have been many scientific works in and outside the
country, under different approaches, researching interests, national
interests, protecting national interests; application of Lenin's thoughts
on protecting NIs. These documents are of great scientific values,
helping the author thesis to study, refer to and inherit in the process
of implementing the thesis: "V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting
national interests and orientation for application in Vietnam today”.
Researching scientific works related to the thesis, main findings
could be generalized as the following:
Firstly, the above scientific works studied, analysed and
explained comprehensively and specifically contents of interests,
basis for formulation of interests, conceptions of NIs, protecting NIs.
The interests are relatively different for countries with different political
regimes. Interests of socialist countries were also explained clearly with
emphasis on the leadership of the communist party, therefore, interests
of classes, people and nation are basically unified, because, the


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Communist Party is a representative of the interests of the class, the
nation and the whole society. These are important and valuable issues in
terms of methodology and practical meaning for the author to select
absorb and study in a systematic way to serve the thesis research.
Secondly, with different approaches, scientific works basically
presented the Leninist ideological system of material interests, mental
interests of the working class and working people of Soviet Union and
the protection of those interests under all circumstances. The authors

emphasized the value of Lenin's thoughts on protecting the
achievements of the Great October Revolution, the process of flexible
implementation of protecting NIs, protecting NIs of socialist countries,
protecting compressed nations and slavery nations in the world.
The authors properly interpreted the thoughts of Lenin about
the true NIs with persuasion and effectiveness of both theory and
practice. Fighting against personal interests or the idea of only
protecting NIs of their countries without respecting the interests of
other countries ... These scientific works, although, have some
differences, they have provided the author relatively comprehensive
judgments on documents and data to inherit, select, serve the research
process in order to propose the orientations on applying the
protection NIs in Vietnam today.
Thirdly, the above-mentioned research projects using the thought
of Lenin in protecting Nis of socialist states presented a systematic way of
applying the thought of Lenin in the specific circumstances of the countries
including Vietnam. Vietnamese Party affirmed that: without MarxismLeninism, without the October Revolution, there would certainly be no
1945 August revolution of Vietnam, establishing the first industrial
and agricultural government in Southeast Asia.
In particular, the authors clarified the idea of Lenin on the
task of protecting Nis from the creative development of the Marxist
and Engels’ ideas on armed protection of the socialist revolution.
This is really an important document for the author to refer and
inherit the necessary contents for the thesis.
Overall, the scientific projects related to the thesis all
carefully and systematically studied, with both practical and
theoretical values. They are very important source of material for the
author to refer, inherit, absorb and serve the construction and
effective implementation of this thesis.

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1.3.2. Issues for the thesis to deal with
Due to the different purpose of research and approach, the
above works did not directly and comprehensively study the system
of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs and the orientation for
application in Vietnam today. Therefore, the thesis continues to study
and solve the following issues:
Firstly, continue to research and clarify the scientific basis of
Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs. This is one of the important contents
of the thesis. On the basis of inheriting published documents and works,
the author will analyse and clarify the theoretical basis - based on the
previous scientific premise but most directly being the inheritance and
development of Marxism; practical basis - the process in which Lenin
and the Bolshevik Party of Russia conducted leadership to protect the
interests and revolutionary achievements in the civil war as well as to
protect the Soviet Union, to oppose the invasion of imperialism, to
protect the national defence and sovereignty territory.
Secondly, continue to study and analyse the basic contents
and ideological values of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs.
Although the above mentioned work mentioned this content, it is
incomplete. Therefore, the author wanted to generalize the basic
ideological values of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs, protecting
NIs in history and now so that the Communist Parties and Socialist
States continue to study and apply and promote their ideas of Lenin’s
thoughts on protecting NIs.
Thirdly, propose orientation for effective use of that thought
of Lenin in protecting NIs in Vietnam today. In revolutionary times,
Vietnamese Communist Party and the State applied faithfully and
creatively the thought of Lenin in protecting NIs effectively and

successfully. There are also scientific works that have mentioned
some contents related to applying the idea of Lenin in protecting NIs
in Vietnam, but not yet very systematically. Moreover, there are new
factors affecting the cause of protecting NIs. Therefore, on the basis
of inheriting the results of these projects, analysing the current
situation of changes, the author proposed orientations for effective
and creative application of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting Nis in
Vietnam in a comprehensive and systematic manner.
Thus, from the above-mentioned issues, it can be affirmed
that until now there has not been any scientific work that researches


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basically, systematically and comprehensively V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on
protecting national interests and orientation for application in
Vietnam today. Therefore, the thesis topic does not overlap other
research works and has practical and theoretical significance.
Conclusion of Chapter 1
In chapter 1, the author reviews 25 foreign research projects
and 23 domestic research projects related to the thesis topic with
many different genres. At the same time, the author also researches
and clearly identifies the issues that need to be addressed. The above
works have contributed to clarify the theoretical and practical issues
related to the protection of national interests in general and in
Vietnam in particular. The overview, on the one hand, creates
favourable conditions for the author to study, inherit the scientific
values that the researches have achieved for his thesis. On the other
hand, it provides information, helping the author more deeply aware
of the issues that the previous works have not mentioned or
researched or insufficiently studied.

Chapter 2
SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF FORMATION AND V.I.LENIN
IDEOLOGICAL CONCEPT ON PROTECTING NATIONAL
INTERESTS - SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES
2.1. Scientific basis for formation and development of
V.I.Lenin's thoughts on protecting national interests
The basis of scientific formation and development of
V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests of socialist states
is the combination of objective conditions and subjective factors of
Lenin. It is inheriting the ideological essence of mankind, directly the
thought of Karl Marx and Engels on the interests of working class
and the working people, applying creatively to the world situation,
the reality of Russia at the end of the 19th century and the beginning
of the 20th century. With excellent intellectual qualities, strong
proletarian stance, clever combination of practical revolutionary
activities and theoretical research, Lenin supplemented and
developed Marxism in a comprehensive way, including the idea
about the national interests, protecting Nis of socialist states to a new
height. Moreover, he and the Bolshevik Party of Russia led the
people to realize that idea in successfully defending Nis of Soviet
Russia and of the Soviet Union.


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2.1.1. Reality of the world situation, Russia in the late
nineteenth century and early twentieth century
2.1.1.1. Reality of the world situation in the late nineteenth
century and early twentieth century
At the end of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth
century, capitalist production developed strongly.

State monopoly capitalism emerged, expanding markets,
developing throughout Europe.
Imperialism expanded war of aggression, conquering
colonies, infringing upon sovereignty, national interests, and national
independence of countries in the world, making the situation for
proletarian revolution and socialist states to come, which required
Lenin to pay attention to the issue of socialist national interests.
2.1.1.2. The situation of Russia in the late nineteenth century
and early twentieth century
Revolutionary centre moved into Russia. The situation and
opportunities for proletarian revolution came, the Russian Revolution in
October 1917 broke out and won, the first socialist country in the world
was born; the task of protecting national interests was set directly.
The Russian Soviet nation was born. 14 imperialist countries
besieged and made war with the intention of killing the young
Russia. The issue of protecting the revolutionary achievements and
national interests was directly and urgently set.
The task of defending the Fatherland, protecting the socialist
national interests was directly put forward with Lenin, the Bolshevik
Party of Russia and the Soviet authorities.
Protecting the interests of the Russian nation, the State of the
Soviet Union set up new contents, new forms and measures.
2.1.2. Marx and Engels’ ideas on national interests and
protecting national interests
The thought of Lenin on national interests, protecting
national socialist interests inherited, developed the scientific and
revolutionary thoughts of Mark and Engels on national interests on
the following matters:
2.1.2.1. Ideas of C. Marx and Engels on national interests.
Marxism conceived that national interests were always tied to the

ruling class interests, firstly reflecting the core interests of the ruling class.


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In the capitalist countries, national interests were closely
linked to the interests of the bourgeoisie, conflicting, opposing the
national interests and genuine national interests.
The bourgeoisie at the time conceived that bourgeoisie
national interests must be the interests of the bourgeois individual
and the bourgeoisie.
National interests had comprehensive content but were
expressed firstly in economic interests.
In the socialist countries, the interests of the communists
agreed with the interests of the proletariat and the whole nation.
In the socialist regime, only the proletariat could solve the
harmony between national interests - people’s interests - class and
international interests.
Because historical circumstances did not allow, K.Marx and
Engels did not give a complete conception of socialist national
interests. However, K.Marx and Engels mentioned, explained
scientifically and intensively the most common issues on the law of
formation and development from the capitalist nationalist state to the
socialist states, on the leadership of the communist party, the basic
interests of working-class, the people in the struggle to implement
historical mission of working class.
2.1.2.2. The ideas of Marx and Engels on protecting national interests
Protection of sovereignty and territory is the vital interest of
every nation, uncompromising.
In order to protect national interests, the proletariat of each
country must first take over the government, try to become the

national class itself, to become a nation itself.
To protect national interests, revolutionary action of working
class in countries around the world must be coordinated.
Actively and proactively protect the revolutionary
achievements of the proletariat.
Although K. Marx and Engels did not give a complete
concept of protecting NIs, they pointed out: The proletariat state (the
Paris Commune with the form of proletarian dictatorship), class
alliance (working class and other classes in society), the issue of
Party of working class and a range of other issues on socialism
principles ... These are important ideas on protecting revolutionary
achievements in the socialist revolution - the core content of the socialist
national interests that V.I.Lenin inherited and developed later.


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2.1.3. Practical activities, theoretical study of Lenin in the
international communist and worker movement
2.1.3.1. Practical activities of Lenin with Bolshevik Party in
the international communist and worker movement
Practice of Lenin and the Bolshevik Party in leading and
directing people to protect the interests of Soviet Russia
Lenin and the Bolshevik Party led the working class, farmers,
and the Red Army to carry out the cause of protecting the interests of
the Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union.
Lenin led and organized the international communist and
worker movement, protecting the interests of oppressed nations in the
world and of Soviet Russia.
2.1.3.2. The theoretical research activities of Lenin
supplemented and developed Marxism in general and protected

national interests in particular.
Theoretical research of Lenin on protecting national interests
showed the following main activities:
Lenin studied the theory and summarized the practice of
protecting national interests of Soviet Russia.
Lenin struggled uncompromisingly against non-Marxist thoughts
to protect the interests of the working class and the working people.
Lenin struggled against populism.
Lenin struggled against Proudhon’s idea to protect the
interests of the working people.
Vilinin resolutely struggled and opposes the thought of
Charles Conte’s ideas on land.
2.2. The concept of national interests, protecting national
interests, V.I.Lenin’st houghts on protecting national interests
2.2.1. The concept of national interests, protecting national
interests, V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on national interests
* Concept of interests.
The interest is an objective social phenomenon that exists in
the social life of human beings, associated with the subject that
arises in practical activities, which is beneficial and useful to satisfy
rich and needs in physical and mental forms of human beings in a
certain socio-economic political condition.
* The concept of national interests.
National interests are all the physical and spiritual values that
constitute the necessary conditions for the existence and development


15
of the nation, being aware and transformed into foreign policy and
domestic policy in all areas of social life in each certain period.

The socialist national interests are all the physical and spiritual
values constitute the necessary conditions for the existence and development
of the socialist nations, which have been conceived and transformed into
foreign policy, domestic policy to lead and direct people to meet the needs
of peace, construction, protection and development of revolutionary
achievements of socialism in a certain historical period.
* Lenin’s thoughts on national interests.
Lenin’s thoughts on national interests are the whole system
of conceptions, views on material and spiritual values that constitute
the necessary conditions for the existence and development of
nations, being conceived and transformed into the foreign and
domestic policies of the communist party, the socialist state, taking
place in all areas of social life, in order to meet the needs of the
working class, the working people and the whole nation in each
certain historical period.
Lenin’s thoughts on national interests have a broad
connotation of all the material and spiritual values of the working
class, the working people and the community of ethnic groups
expressed in the socialist country, in which the highest values are
peace and socialism.
2.2.2. The concept protecting national interests, V.I.Lenin’s
thoughts on protecting national interests
On the basis of selectively inheriting relevant projects
researching Lenin’s thoughts, the author of the thesis conceives
national interests as the overall activities of the state and people
according to the standpoint of the ruling class in order to preserve,
consolidate and develop all material and spiritual values that
constitute necessary conditions for the existence and development of
one nation, against all acts of violating interests of hostile forces in
every situation.

Protecting the national socialist interest is all activities of the
state and the whole people under the leadership of the communist
party in order to preserve, strengthen and develop all material and
spiritual values that constitute necessary conditions for the existence
and development of the socialist states, against all conspiracies and
acts of violating interests of hostile forces in every situation.


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Thus, protecting the socialist national interests is to protect
all material and spiritual values in both natural - historical and
political - social aspects so that the socialist nation can exist and
develop, in which protecting the national independence and socialist
regime is the major content.
The content of protecting national interests is peace and
socialism, maximizing external resources to develop the nation,
improve people's lives; resolutely, persistently struggle to firmly
defend the independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity
of the Fatherland, protect the communist party, the socialist state, the
people and the socialist regime .This is the streamline and main goal
and content of protecting national interests - directing all activities of
the entire political system and all citizens in each socialist country.
The goal of protecting national interests is to preserve,
strengthen and develop national socialist interests, attaching
importance to maintaining a peaceful environment, successfully
building socialism in the country, contributing to promoting world
revolutionary movement.
The subject of protecting national interests is both the
political system and the people, under the leadership of the
communist party.

The method of protecting national interests is to combine
methods of building, consolidating, developing benefits and fighting
against all activities against the national social interests that take
place in all fields such as economy, politics, culture, society, in all
domestic, regional and international relations.
The power to protect national interests is combined strength
of the nation in politics, ideology, economy, society, culture, defence,
security and foreign affairs, which is a close combination of internal
power and external strength, national strength and the strength of the
era, in which the internal strength of the country, the power of the
socialist political regime, the power of the entire nation are the
decisive factor.
* Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests is the
result of the succession and development of Marxism in the specific
conditions of Russia, including a comprehensive and profound
system of views on national interests, protecting national interests in
order to preserve, strengthen and develop socialist national interests,
resist all intrigues and act to violate those national interests of all
hostile forces and enemies in all situations.


17
Lenin’s thoughts on national interests, protecting national
interests aim to preserve, strengthen and develop socialist national
interests, against all intrigues and acts0020of infringing upon the
national interests of all forces at home and abroad in every situation.
All of the theoretical issues presented above are the
theoretical "framework" for us to approach the content of Lenin’s
thoughts on protecting national interests.
Conclusion of Chapter 2

The scientific basis for formation and development of Lenin’s
thoughts on protecting socialist national interests is the combination of
objective conditions and subjective factors of Lenin. He inherited the
ideological essence of mankind, directly the thoughts of Karl Marx and
Engels on the benefits of the working class and the working people,
applying creatively to the world situation, the reality of Russia at the late
nineteenth century and the early twentieth century; With excellent
intellectual qualities, firmly supporting the proletarian standpoint, clever
combination of practical revolutionary activities and theoretical research,
Lenin supplemented and developed Marxism in a comprehensive way,
taking the ideas on Nis and protecting socialist national interests to a new
height. Moreover, he and the Bolshevik Party of Russia led the people to
realize that idea in protecting national interests of Soviet Russia and then
the Soviet Union. Therefore, his name is placed with the name of Marx;
Marxism has been added, developed into Marxism-Leninism.
Lenin’s thought on protecting the socialist national interests is
the result of the inheritance and development of Marxism in the
specific conditions of Russia, which is a system of comprehensive
and profound views on Nis, protecting Nis in order to preserve,
consolidate and develop the socialist national interests, against any
conspiracy and acts of violating those interests of all forces in any
situation; being the invaluable spiritual property of the communist
parties, the socialist states and the international communist and
worker movement in the struggle to protect, build and develop Nis in
history, present and the future.
Chapter 3
BASIC CONTENTS AND VALUES OF V.I.LENIN’S
THOUGHTS ON PROTECTING NATIONAL INTERESTS
3.1. Basic content of Lenin’s thought on protecting
national interests

On the basis of properly identifying the basic issues of NIs,
the basic ideas are that NIs are a historical and comprehensive


18
category; NIs are deeply classy; NIs are closely related to interests of
classes and mankind, Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national
interests are shown on the following basic contents:
3.1.1. Protecting socialist national interests is a matter of
law of socialist revolution
Protecting national interests is a lawful issue of all forms of
states; associated with protecting the interests of the ruling class.
Protecting socialist national interests is an objective necessity
of socialist countries.
When imperialism still exists, the risks of war are available,
the proletariat must fight against the war of aggression to defend the
Fatherland and protect the socialist national interests.
Protecting national interests of Soviet Russia is not only
protecting a socialist country but also protecting the common
interests of other socialist countries in the world.
3.1.2. Protecting socialist national interests has comprehensive
content
Fully focusing on protecting independence, sovereignty, territorial
integrity of the Russian Soviet Republic and the Soviet Union.
Protecting Soviet authority and socialist regime.
Protecting the economic, cultural and social regimes of the
socialist nation.
Protecting the rights and interests of the working class,
farmers and soldiers.
Protecting the rights and interests of peoples in Soviet Russia

and the Soviet Union.
Protecting legitimate rights and interests of Soviet Russia and
the Soviet Union in the international arena.
Protecting socialist national interests associated with
defending the fruits of the international communist and worker
movements, liberating colonial nations.
Lenin clarified that colonial nations also needed to protect
their interests against other countries.
Lenin paid special attention to the inevitability and importance of
the national liberation movement in colonial and semi-colonial countries.
3.1.3. The subject of protecting Soviet interests is the whole
Russian political system and people under the leadership of the
Russian Communist Party.
According to Lenin, the subject of protecting socialist
national interest is the entire proletariat dictatorship system and the


19
people with the core as the alliance of workers and farmers and
intellectuals, under the leadership of the communist party.
The Russian Communist Party led the career of defending the
interests of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union.
Soviet authorities organized and managed the cause of
protecting national interests.
Protecting national interests must mobilize the entire people
in which working class, farmers, and intellectuals are fundamental
and essential forces.
The Army and the Navy were the military forces that fight
against aggression and protected the nation's vital interests.
3.1.4. Promoting the combined strength in protecting

national interests of Soviet Russia
The power for protecting national interests was the combined
strength of the state and the entire people under the leadership of the
Communist Party, the force for protecting national interests was the
labour force, workers - farmers - soldiers under the leadership the
Communist Party, the organization of Soviet Russian government;
the combination of physical strength and mental strength, the interest
in building and strongly promoting the political superiority - the spirit
of the new social regime as a direct basis of the power for protecting
national interests.
The power for protecting national interests was the strength
of many factors, in all areas, including the following basic strengths:
The power of the entire revolutionary force.
The power of the working mass, of workers - farmers soldiers under the leadership of the communist party, the
management of the Soviet government;
Combining domestic power and foreign support.
3.1.5. Combined, flexible, creative methods to protect the
national interests of Soviet Russia
Mobilizing the country's full power to protect national interests.
Proactively enhancing the country's defensive capabilities.
Taking advantage of every opportunity, to uphold peace and
all tricks to protect the socialist state at all costs.
Using a combination of forms of struggle: military struggle,
economic struggle, diplomatic struggle to protect national interests.
Protecting national interests must be close and appropriate
with the practical situation.
3.2. The values of Lenin’s thoughts on
protecting national interests

20
3.2.1. Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests
supplemented and developed the thought of Marxism about
national interests and protecting national interests of the working
class and the working people in particular, contributed to
complement the theory of scientific socialism in general
3.2.2. Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests
directly directed and organized the successful implementation of
the revolutionary struggle to protect the national interests of Soviet
Russia and the Soviet Union.
3.2.3. Lenin’s thoughts on national interests guided and
directed the international communist and worker movement, the
movement for national liberation, building and protecting the
socialist homeland, including Vietnam to gain success.
3.2.4. Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests
were one of the important rationales for progressive countries
around the world to apply to the struggle and protection of their
national interests today
Conclusion of Chapter 3
The content of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national
interests is comprehensive and profound, reflected in the following
issues: Protecting socialist national interests is a matter of law of all
forms of states, including socialist states. Protecting socialist national
interests has comprehensive content. The subject of protecting
national interests of Soviet state is the whole political system and
people of Russia under the leadership of the Russian Communist
Party. The power for protecting national interests was the combined
strength of the state and the entire people under the leadership of the
Communist Party, the force for protecting national interests was the
labour force, workers - farmers - soldiers under the leadership the

Communist Party. Using in a flexible, creative and creative manner the
methods of building, strengthening, developing benefits and fighting
against all activities of infringing upon the socialist national interests.
Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests is of great value:
It added and developed the ideology of Marxism on national interests and
protecting national interests of the working people in particular,
contributing to supplementing and improving theory of social science in
general; directly directed and organized the successful implementation of
the revolutionary struggle to protect Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union;
Lenin’s thoughts on national interests guided and directed the international
communist and worker movement, the movement for national liberation,
building and protecting the socialist homeland, including Vietnam to gain


21
success; Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests was one of the
important rationale for progressive countries around the world to apply to
the struggle and protection of their national interests today.
Chapter 4
ORIENTATION FOR APPLICATION OF V.I.LENIN’S
THOUGHTS ON NATIONAL PROTECTING NATIONAL
INTERESTS IN VIETNAM TODAY
Orientation for application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting
national interests into the cause of protecting national interests in Vietnam
today is to creatively apply Lenin’s thoughts into practice to determine the
direction for protecting national interests of Vietnam to be right and in line
with Vietnam's practical conditions, in order to consolidate, preserve and
firmly develop interests of Vietnam nation and people, contributing to the
successful implementation of the innovation for the goal of being rich,
strong, democratic and civilized.

Orientation for application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on
protecting national interests into the cause of protecting national
interests in Vietnam today needs to focus on thorough understanding,
planning and good implementation of the following contents:
4.1. Understanding views of the Communist Party and
State on protecting national interests in Vietnam today
4.2. Firmly grabbing and handling the impact
of factors and its volatility to enforce the protection
of national interests in Vietnam today
4.3. Determining and implementing fully and comprehensively
the content of protecting national interests of Vietnam today
4.4. Promoting the combined strength, flexibly and effectively
using methods to protect national interests in Vietnam today
4.5. Promoting scientific research, summarizing theory
and practice, protecting, supplementing and developing the
theory of protecting national interests and fighting against and
combating wrong and hostile views on protecting national
interests in Vietnam today
Conclusion of Chapter 4
Orientation for application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting
national interests into the cause of protecting national interests in
Vietnam today is to creatively apply Lenin’s thoughts to determine the
direction for protecting national interests of Vietnam to be right and in
line with Vietnam's practical conditions, in order to consolidate, preserve
and firmly develop interests of Vietnam nation and people, contributing


22
to the successful implementation of the innovation for the goal of being
rich, strong, democratic and civilized. This is the responsibility of both

the political system and the entire people.
Currently, application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting
national interests into the cause of protecting national interests in
Vietnam today needs to comply with the following contents:
Understanding views of the Communist Party and State on protecting
national interests in Vietnam today. Firmly grabbing and handling the
impact of factors and its volatility to enforce the protection of national
interests in Vietnam today. Determining and implementing fully and
comprehensively the content of protecting national interests of Vietnam
today. Promoting the combined strength, flexibly and effectively using
methods to protect national interests in Vietnam today. Promoting
scientific research, summarizing theory and practice, protecting,
supplementing and developing the theory of protecting national interests
and fighting against and combating wrong and hostile views on
protecting national interests in Vietnam today.
CONCLUSION
1. There have been many scientific researches on interests, NIs,
protecting NIs; V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs. Basically, the
above scientific works have analysed and interpreted comprehensively
and specifically the content of interests, foundations for forming
interests, concepts of NIs, protecting NIs; Lenin’s thoughts on interests;
NIs, protecting socialist NIs; application of Lenin’s thoughts on
protecting socialist NIs. These documents are of great value in terms of
science, helping the author of the thesis to study, refer to and inherit in
the process of implementing the thesis. However, so far, there has not
been any scientific works that research systematically, completely and
directly V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests and
orientation for application in Vietnam today.
2. The basis of scientific formation and development of
V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests of socialist states is

the combination of objective conditions and subjective factors of Lenin.
National interests are all the physical and spiritual values that constitute
the necessary conditions for the existence and development of the
nation, being aware and transformed into foreign policy and domestic
policy in all areas of social life in each certain period to lead and direct
people to meet the needs of peace, construction, protection and
development of revolutionary achievements of socialism in a certain
historical period. Protecting the national socialist interest is all activities
of the state and the whole people under the leadership of the communist


23
party in order to preserve, strengthen and develop all material and
spiritual values that constitute necessary conditions for the existence and
development of the socialist states, against all conspiracies and acts of
violating interests of hostile forces in every situation.
3. The content of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national
interests is comprehensive and profound, reflected in the following
issues: Protecting socialist national interests is a matter of law of all
forms of states, including socialist states. Protecting socialist national
interests has comprehensive content. The subject of protecting national
interests of Soviet state is the whole political system and people of
Russia under the leadership of the Russian Communist Party. The power
for protecting national interests was the combined strength of the state
and the entire people under the leadership of the Communist Party, the
force for protecting national interests was the labour force, workers farmers - soldiers under the leadership the Communist Party. Using in a
flexible, creative and creative manner the methods of building,
strengthening, developing benefits and fighting against all activities
of infringing upon the socialist national interests.
Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests is of great

value: It added and developed the ideology of Marxism on national
interests and protecting national interests of the working people in
particular, contributing to supplementing and improving theory of
social science in general; directly directed and organized the
successful implementation of the revolutionary struggle to protect
Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union; Lenin’s thoughts on national
interests guided and directed the international communist and worker
movement, the movement for national liberation, building and
protecting the socialist homeland, including Vietnam to gain success;
Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests was one of the
important rationale for progressive countries around the world to
apply to the struggle and protection of their national interests today.
4. Orientation for application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on
protecting national interests into the cause of protecting national
interests in Vietnam today is to creatively apply Lenin’s thoughts to
determine the direction for protecting national interests of Vietnam to
be right and in line with Vietnam's practical conditions, in order to
consolidate, preserve and firmly develop interests of Vietnam nation
and people, contributing to the successful implementation of the
innovation for the goal of being rich, strong, democratic and


24
civilized. This is the responsibility of both the political system and
the entire people.
Currently, application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting
national interests into the cause of protecting national interests in
Vietnam today needs to comply with the following contents:
Understanding views of the Communist Party and State on protecting
national interests in Vietnam today. Firmly grabbing and handling the

impact of factors and its volatility to enforce the protection of national
interests in Vietnam today. Determining and implementing fully and
comprehensively the content of protecting national interests of
Vietnam today. Promoting the combined strength, flexibly and
effectively using methods to protect national interests in Vietnam
today. Promoting scientific research, summarizing theory and practice,
protecting, supplementing and developing the theory of protecting
national interests and fighting against and combating wrong and hostile
views on protecting national interests in Vietnam today.
5. V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests are
theoretical and practical rich, lively and diversify, which relates
comprehensively to the career and life of V.I.Lenin, the revolutionary
cause of Russia, working class of Vietnam, of the world that took
place in the context of the world more than a century ago. The
thoughts were presented by Lenin in many works in different
approaches, using many different terms. As a result, the research of
his thoughts is no less complicated and difficult. Therefore, despite
efforts, the author thinks that the contents mentioned in the thesis are
only the initial outline on the basic contents with unavoidable
shortcomings. The author is looking forward to the scientists having
comments and contributions for the topic to be more practical and
useful in the coming time.