Chuyển dịch cơ cấu ngành kinh tế trong quá trình công nghiệp hóa, hiện đại hóa vùng đồng bằng sông cửu long đến năm 2025 tt tiếng anh

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS IN HO CHI MINH CITY

NGUYEN VAN TRON

THE SHIFT OF STRUCTURE OF ECONOMICS DURING THE
PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, MODERNIZATION IN
MEKONG DELTA UNTIL 2025

THE SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC PHD THESIS

Ho Chi Minh City, 2019


MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS IN HO CHI MINH CITY

NGUYEN VAN TRON

THE SHIFT OF STRUCTURE OF ECONOMICS DURING THE
PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, MODERNIZATION IN
MEKONG DELTA UNTIL 2025

Department: Political Economy
Department code: 9310102

THE SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC PHD THESIS

Ho Chi Minh City, 2019

The work is completed in: University of Economics in Ho Chi Minh City.

Scientific advisors:
Major advisor: PhD. Hoang AnQuoc
Secondary advisor: PhD. LuuThi Kim Hoa

Reviewer 1:
Reviewer 2:
Reviewer 3:

The thesis will be protected before Council of thesis at the room ….. University of
Economics in Ho Chi Minh City at … hour… month… date… year 2019.

Can find out the thesis in the library:
- General Scientific Library in HCMC.
- Library in University of Economics in HCMC.


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THE INTRODUCTION
1. The topic’s necessity
The shift of structure of economics is one of basic contents for the process
of industrialization, modernization. About reasoning aspect, there were many
researching works about the shift of structure of economics. These researching
works refered to the contents of concept of shifting the structure of economics,
showed some norms of assessing the shift of structure of economics, approaching
the factors which influence to forming and shifting the structure of economics
during the process of industrialization, modernization under many different
corners. However, some norms assess the shift of structure of economics
commonly, not specifically, suitably with practical situation about the shift of

structure of economics in the scale of whole country in common and Mekong
Delta in particular.
Mekong Delta is a wide land zone where appropriates 12,3% area and
18,9% population in whole country; dense network of rivers, canals; there are
many potentials and advantages about developing, manufacturing the group of
food trees, vegetables and fruit trees in the industries of planting, seafood, food
and baverage processing industry.The industries which have a high content of
labourers, regenerative energy and gas - electricity - protein, tourism, have an
advantageous position in the transaction with ASEAN countries and small zone in
Mekong Delta. Mekong Delta has an important role with the economy in whole
country, is the place where contributes on 17,3% GDP, 55,3% quantity of paddy,
70% quantity of fruits and 56% quantity of seafood of whole country...
The structure of economics in Mekong Delta during last period shifted
according to the direction of industrialization, modernization, promoted the
zone’s potentials and advantages. However, this process takes place very slow;
the group of agriculture - forestry - seafood also appropriated a high proportion in
GRDP, in total social labourers and total exporting turnover in the zone; in
contrast, the group of industry - construction also appropriated the lowest
turnover in GRDP and total social labourers; the structure of economics in the
zone doesn’t still promote the zone’s maximum potentials and advantages yet …
This causes not only the waste largely in using the sources of economics, but also
prevents very many with the advance and social equality in the zone.
The context of industrial revolution on the fourth time takes place on
extremely rapid; international integration is wider and wider, the relationship of
foreign affair economics develops rapidly; double effect from changing the
climate, rising sea water and exploiting water resource in the upstream of Mekong
Delta just opened new opportunities, but also proposed big challenges with the
shift of structure of economics in the zone in coming time.
From the above mentioned reasons, PhD student chose the problem “The
shift of structure of economics during the process of industrialization,

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modernization in Mekong Delta until 2025” as researching topic of PhD thesis
in Political Economics department. Researching this topic really brings the
necessity, has a essential meaning about reasoning and practical aspects with the
shift of structure of economics in Mekong Delta.
2. Researching target
- Common target is the shift of structure of economics during the process
of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta until 2025.
- Specific target:
+ Build scientific basis about the structure of economics and shift the
structure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization.
Whereas, the focus is to analyze, make clear the concept about shifting the
structure of economics, the norms of assessing the shift of structure of economics,
influencing factors to forming and shifting the structure of economics during the
process of industrialization, modernization.
+ Analyze, assess real situation of shifting the structure of economics
during the process of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta for the
stage of 2000 - 2017 and find out essential reasons of limitations during the
process of shifting.
+ Build the orientation of shifting the structure of economics in Mekong
Delta until 2025 suitably with historic - specific conditions in the zone.
+ Propose some essential solutions to promote the shift of structure of
economics in Mekong Delta until 2025 according to chosen orientation.
3. Researching object and scale
- This topic’s researching object is the shift of structure of economics
during the process of industrialization, modernization.
- Researching scale:
+ Space scale: the thesis focuses on researching in the area of Mekong

Delta as a unity, including 13 provinces, cities directly under Central city as Long
An, Tien Giang, Ben Tre, Tra Vinh, Vinh Long, Dong Thap, An Giang, Kien
Giang, Can Tho City, Hau Giang, Soc Trang, Bac Lieu and Ca Mau.
+ Time scale: the part of analyzing, assessing real situation and finding out
essential reasons of limitations during the process of shifting the structure of
economics in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017; the part of building the
orientation and proposing some essential solutions to promote the shift of
structure of economics in Mekong Delta until 2025.
+ Scientific scale: the thesis will go deeply on analyzing the shift of
structure of economics in the change about the proportion between economics in
total.
4. The thesis’s contributions
- The contribution about reasoning aspect: perfect (inherit and develop)
the norms of assessing the shift of structure of economics suitably with practical


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situation about the shift of structure of economics in the scale of whole country in
common and Mekong Delta in particular.
- The contribution about practical aspect:
+ Analyze real situation of shifting the structure of economics during the
process of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000
- 2017. On that basis, assess the achievement, limit and define essential reasons of
limitations during the process of shifting the structure of economics in the zone
for this stage.
+ Build the orientation of shifting the structure of economics in Mekong
Delta until 2025 suitably with the zone’s new context.
+ Propose some essential solutions to promote the shift of structure of
economics in Mekong Delta until 2025 according to chosen orientation.
5. The thesis’s structure

Besides the introduction, conclusion, list of referential documents and
appendixes, the thesis’ contents include 5 chapters:
Chapter 1: The overview of researching situation.
Chapter 2: Scientific basis of structure of economics and the shift of
structure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization.
Chapter 3: The method of researching the topic.
Chapter 4: Real situation of shifting the structure of economics during the
process of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta during last period.
Chapter 5: The orientation and essential solutions to promote the shift of
structure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization in
Mekong Delta until 2025.
CHAPTER 1: THE OVERVIEW OF RESEARCHING SITUATION
1.1 Researching works relate to the thesis about reasoning aspect
The reasoning about the structure of economics and the shift of structure of
economics during the process of industrialization, modernization have very many
problems. However, this item only summarizes typical researching works about
some basic, essential, and specific problems as follows:
1.1.1 Researching works about internal function of concept of shifting
the structure of economics include:
The work “The shift of structure of economics in the conditions of
integration with the area and world” of author Le Du Phong and partner (1999);
the work “The problem of shifting the structure of economics in Ho Chi Minh
City during the process of industrialization, modernization” of author Truong Thi
Minh Sam and partner (2000); the work “The shift of structure of Vietnam
economics in the years at the beginning of XXI century” of author Nguyen Tran
Que and partner (2004); the work “The shift of structure of economics in Vietnam
in the process of international economic integration” of author Nguyen Thi Bich
Huong (2005); the work “The restructure of Vietnam economics from the

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industry’s structure and the structure of economic component” of author Nguyen
Ngoc Toan and partner (2013).
1.1.2 Researching works about the norms of assessing the shift of
structure of economics include:
Scientific newspaper “The structure of economics and the shift of structure
of economics in scientific - technological revolution and world economic global
trend” of author Tran Van Nhung (2001); The work “The shift of structure of
economics in Vietnam” of author Bui Tat Thang and partner (2006); PhD thesis
“Scientific agency and essential solutions to promote the shift of structure of
agricultural economy in Mekong Delta” of author Nguyen Trong Uyen (2007);
the textbook “Developing economy: Theory and Reality” of author Dinh Phi Ho
and partner (2011); the textbook “The application of some theories in economic
research” of author Tran Tho Dat and Ngo Quang Canh (2015).
1.1.3 Researching works about influencing factors to forming and
shifting the structure of economics during the process of industrialization,
modernization include:
The author “The factors influence to the shift of structure of economics in
the period of industrialization in Vietnam” of author Bui Tat Thang and partner
(1997); the work “The State’s effect to shift the structure of economics according
to the direction of industrialization, modernization in our country currently” of
author Nguyen Cuc and partner (1997); the work “The shift of structure of
economics in the conditions of integration with the area and world” of author Le
Du Phong and partner (1999); the work “The problem of shifting the structure of
economics in Ho Chi Minh City during the process of industrialization,
modernization” of author Truong Thi Minh Sam and partner (2000); the work
“The direction of shifting the structure of economics in Ho Chi Minh City” of
author Tran Du Lich and partner (2001); the work “The shift of structure of
economics in Vietnam” of author Bui Tat Thang and partner (2006); PhD thesis
“Scientific basis and essential solutions to promote the shift of structure of

agricultural economy in Mekong Delta” of author Nguyen Trong Uyen (2007);
the work “The shift of structure according to the direction of solid development in
Vietnam” of author Pham Thi Khanh and partner (2010); the work “The theory of
new structure economy: The basis to recondier the development” of author Justin
Yifu Lin and partner (2013).
1.2 Researching works relate to the thesis about practical aspect including:
The work “The development of capitalism in Russia” of V.I. Lenin (1899);
the work “Economics of rapid growth: “Japan and Korea’s experience” of Dirk
Pilat (1994); The topic KX03.19 “Economic methods, essential organization to
promote the shift of structure and develop major focused department” of author
Do Hoai Nam and partner (1995); the work “The problem of shifting the structure
of economics in Ho Chi Minh City during the process of industrialization,


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modernization” of author Truong Thi Minh Sam and partner (2000); the work
“The shift of structure of economics in Vietnam for the process of international
economic integration” of author Nguyen Thi Bich Huong (2005); the topic in the
level of Ministry “The shift of structure of economics in the area of HCMC in the
context where Vietnam integrates the area and world - The direction and basic
solutions” of author Hoang An Quoc (2007); PhD thesis “The direction of shifting
the structure of economics in Tra Vinh province until 2015” of author Tran Tuan
Anh (2007); the work “Mysterious development in Korea: Developing economy
and capitalism” of author Young Iob-Chung and partner (2007); scientific
newspaper “The shift of structure of economics meet Vietnam’s request of
international economic integration” of author Mai Lan Huong (2009); the work
“The change of structure in world economy: Characteristic and major trend” of
author Olga Memedovic and partner (2010); Scientific newspaper “The solution
of promoting the shift of structure of economics and investment in Mekong Delta
in the stage of 2010 - 2020” of author Hoang Ngoc Phong (2010); scientific

newspaper “Industrialization is a motivation of growth for developing countries,
1950 - 2005” of author Adam Szirmai (2012); the work “The restructure of
Vietnamese economy from the structure of industry and the structure of economic
components” of author Nguyen Ngoc Toan and partner (2013); The work “The
change of structure, basic principle and growth: Analyzing frame and researching
cases” of author Margaret McMillan and partner (2016).
1.3 Common assessment about topic researching situation
1.3.1 The contribution about reasoning aspect
Researching works refered to the contents of shifting concept of structure
of economics, showed some norms of assessing the shift of structure of
economics, approached influencing factors to forming and shifting the structure of
economics during the process of industrialization, modernization under many
different corners.
1.3.2 The contribution about practical aspect
Researching works analyzed, assessed real situation of shifting the structure
of economics of world economy, developing countries, Japan, Korea, Vietnam,
HCMC and Tra Vinh province ... for different stages. On that basis, define the
direction and propose some essential solutions to promote the shift of structure of
economics in Vietnam, HCMC and Tra Vinh province … according to chosen
direction.
1.3.3 Define researching space
Some norms of assessing the shift of structure of economics in previous
common researching works aren’t specific, suitable with practical situation about
the shift of structure of economics in the scale of whole country in common and
Mekong Delta in particular.


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Previous researching works aren’t analyzed, assessed real situation of
shifting the structure of economics during the process of industrialsim,

modernization in Mekong Delta for the stages of 2000 - 2017 and found out
essential reasons of limitations during the process of shifting yet.
Previous researching works don’t also propose the orientation of shifting
the structure of economics in Mekong Delta until 2025 suitably with the zone’s
new context yet and propose some essential solutions to promote the shift of
structure of economics in the zone according to chosen orientation.
CHAPTER 2: SCIENTIFIC BASIS ABOUT THE STRUCTURE OF
ECONOMICS AND THE SHIFT OF STRUCTURE OF ECONOMICS
DURING THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION,
MODERNIZATION
2.1 The concept about economic structure and the kinds of economic
structure
National economics is a complext system which has many parts and
between these parts, there is a relationship. “The structure of national economics
is total relationship about the quantity and quality between those composed parts
for a period and fixed economic - social conditions” (Vu Tuan Anh, 1982, page
18).
According to approaching corner, when researching national economy, we
have many kinds of equivalent economic structures such as the structure of
economics, structure according to the zone - territory and structure of economic
component ... Whereas, the structure of economics is important most.
2.2 The concept about the shift of structure of economics and norms of
assessing the shift of structure of economics
2.2.1 The concept about the shift of structure of economics
The shift of structure of economics is the process of changing the quantity
of industry, proportion and interactive relationship between industries or
subdivisions in a department according to a fixed trend to achieve an effectively
reasonable new structure.
If considering for a specific period, this change is expressed in the
following points: First, the change of quantity and the kind of industry in the

economy appear more new industries or lose some available industries. Second,
the change about the proportion between the industries due to unequal speed of
growth between the industries. Third, the change in the relationship effects each
other between industries, expresses in this industry’s output as the input of other
industries and in contrast. The shift of structure of economics is to achieve a more
reasonable and effective new structure.
2.2.2 The norms of assessing the shift of structure of economics
- GDP structure, the structure of manufacturing value include:
+ GDP structure is divided according to the group of economics.


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+ The kinds of structure of manufacturing value in the group of agriculture
- forestry - seafood.
+ In the group of industry - construction, there are the following norms: the
proportion of industries and construction in GDP; the structure of industrial
manufacturing value is divided according to the industry; the structure of
industrial manufacturing value is divided according to the group of lowtechnology industry, medium-technology industry and high-technology industry.
+ In the group of service industry, there is the norm of proportion of service
industry in GDP.
The speed of shifting the structure of economics is measured by cosφ
coefficient.
- The structure of working labourers in the economy includes: the structure
of total social labourers is divided according to the group of economics, the
structure of total social labourers is divided according to technical specialized
qualification.
- The structure of exporting goods and some essential exporting items.
2.3 The factors influence to forming and shifting the structure of economics
during the process of industrialization, modernization
2.3.1 The State’s effect through the tools such as strategy, planning,

economic - social developing plan, legal system and policies.
2.3.2 The sources of economy
- Natural conditions such as geographic position, climate, land resource,
terrain, water, forest, sea, mineral resource ...
- Human resource includes the aspects of quantity and quality.
- Investing capital includes the structure of investing capital divided
according to the source of capital, the structure of investment and the
effectiveness of using investing capital.
- Scientific - technological advance is expressed in the norm of labour
productivity.
2.3.3 Market factor includes domestic and foreign market.
2.4 Some basic reasonings about the industrialization, modernization
2.4.1 The concept about the industrialization, modernization
According to the conference of the central executive committee of
Vietnamese communist party on the 7th time course VII (1994), “The
industrialization, modernization is the process of conversion basically,completely
the activities of production, business, service and economic, social management
from using manual labour into using popularly the labour with the technology,
means and advanced, modern methods based on the industry’s development and
scientific - technological advance to create high-social labour productivity”.
2.4.2 The effects of the industrialization, modernization


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Implementing properly the process of industrialization, modernization will
have positive effectswith many aspects of social life such as economy, politics,
culture, society, national defence, security and relationship of foreign economy.
Therefore, the Party considered the industrialization, modernization as a central
duty during transitional period to the socialsit in our country.
2.4.3 The industrialization, modernization’s targets

Long-term target of industrialization, modernizationis to “Build our
country to become an industrial country with modern facilities - techniqe,
reasonable economic structure, advanced manufacturing relationship suitably with
the process of development of manufacturing force, high material life and spirit,
solid national defence, security, rich inhabitants, strong country, equal society,
democracy, civilization” (Vietnamese Communist Party, 1996, pages 84-85).
Whereas, the industrialization, modernizationof industry, rural zones to build a
new, rich, beautiful rural zone, democracy, equality, civilization, have the
structure of reasonable economy, suitable manufacturing relationship, economic social infrastructure is more and more modern (Vietnamese Communist Party,
2006).
First target of industrialization, modernizationis “In 5 next years, continue
promoting the country’s industrialization, modernization, focus on the
industrialization, modernizationof agriculture, rural zone, develop rapidly, solidly;
attempt soon to bring our country basically into an industrial country according to
modern direction.” (Vietnamese Communist Party, 2016, page 90).
2.4.4 Basic contents of industrialization, modernization
Under the effect of industrial revolution, the process of industrialization,
modernizationin our country has the following basic contents: First, proceed
scientific - technical revolution to build the socialist’s facilities - technique.
Second, build the structure of economy reasonably and proceed distributing social
labour. Hence, the industrialization, modernizationtransfers an obsolete
agricultural country with low social labour productivity into an industrial country
according to the direction of modernization with high social labour productivity.
2.5 Some essential economic theories and the Party’s point of view about
shifting the structure of economics during the process of industrialization
2.5.1 Reasoning aspect about the shift of structure of economics in
Mark - Lenin political economy is expressed, focused in reasoning part about
distributing social labour and reasoning about remanufacturing social capitalism.
If reasoning about social labour distribution refers to the premise for the industry
to separate from agricultural industry in the history, reasoning about

remanufacturing social capitalism refers to the relationship between the industries
(area) during the process of motivation of manufacturing goods according to the
capitalism.


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2.5.2 Some essential economic theories about the shift of structure of
economics in the Economy which belongs to modern school and developing
economics including: (i) Reasoning about shifting the structure of economics in
Economics belonging to modern major school of prominent delegate as P.A.
Samuelsonand W.D. Nordhaus (1948); (ii) Flying theory of W.W. Rostow (1960);
(iii) Dyad theory includes Arthur Lewis’s two-area model (1955) and Harry T.
Oshima’s two-area model (1963); (iv) The theory of developing the structure of
unbalanced industry or “growth poles” of A. Hirschman, F. Perrons and G.
Destanne De Bernis; (v) The theory about shifting the structure of economics in
“The theory of new structure of economics” of Justin Yifu Lin (2013).
The above theories show that the problem of shifting the structure of
economics was refered to many different corners, from many different
approaching ways, different researching target and situation by the economists
because the above theories had different notions about this problem. In fact, each
theory includes fixed strong and weak aspects. Therefore, when utilizing, must
utilize generally on the basis of dialectical notion of materialism of Marx - Lenin
tenet to each practical zone in historic - specific situation.
2.5.3 The Party’s point of view about the structure of economics and
the shift of structure of economics during the process of industrialization in
our country through Congressperiods (from Congress III in 1960 to Congress
XII in 2016 of Party). Through that, we see that the Party’s time, point of view
about the structure of economics and the shift of structure of economics during
the process of industrialization in our country had a very big and basic change.
That process’s axis is managing place to understand where the economy in our

country is lying in the ladder of economic develooping process and the factors
effect the movement of shifting the structure of economics. By our and world’
experience, nowadays we understood more clear than binding factors if wanting
to shift the structure of economics from traditional agricultural area to modern
industrial area during the process of industrialization.
2.6 The experience of shifting the structure of economics during the process
of industrialization in some economies
2.6.1 Korea’s experience
2.6.2 Taiwan’s experience
2.6.3 Thailand’s experience
On the basis of researching the process of industrialization in some
economies such as Korea, Taiwan and Thailand, PhD student withdrew some
experience lessons with the shift of structure of economics in Mekong Delta in the
zone in coming time as follows: First, to improve economic - social effectiveness
during the process of shifting the structure of economics, the structure of
economics is created as “opening” structure. Second, during the process of
industrialization, focusing on industrial development and service must attach with


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implementing agricultural, rural industrialization. Third, in processing industry:
need to prefer, develop the industries as the potential and benefits in each stage,
simultaneously must create positively the benefits in the future to upgrade step by
step the structure of economics. Fourth, to upgrade the structure of economics,
must upgrade the economy’s structure of human resources first.
CHAPTER 3: TOPIC RESEARCHING METHOD
The topic is approached under the corner of political economy. Topic
researching method includes reasoning method and specific researching methods
are used popularly in researching political economies, specifically as follows:
3.1 About reasoning method

3.1.1 Dialectical method of materialism
In this method, PhD student focuses on the contents after analyzing the
shift of structure of economics during the proess of industrialization,
modernization in Mekong Delta:
Principles about popular relationship: utilizethis principle in the thesis:
First, analyze influencing factors to forming and shifting the structure of
economics during the process of industrialization, modernization;the effects of
industrialization, modernization. Second, analyze real situation of shifting the
structure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization in
Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017. Third, analyze essential reasons of
limitations during the process of shifting the structure of economics in Mekong
Delta for the period of 2000 - 2017. Fourth, analyze new context where
influences to the shift of structure of economics in Mekong Delta in coming time.
Fifth, propose essential groups of solutions to promote the shift of structure of
economics in Mekong Delta until 2025.
Principles about the development: utilizing this principle in the thesis is
to define general target of shifting the structure of economics in Mekong Delta in
coming time.
The rule from the change of quantity results in the change about
material and in contrast: utilizing this principle in the thesis is to propose the
orientation of shifting the structure of economics in Mekong Delta until 2025.
Uniting and fighting rules of opposition aspects: utilizingthis principle in
the thesis is to find out the limitations during the process of shifting the structure
of economics in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017.
3.1.2 Scientific abstract method
Utilize this method in the thesis: the thesis only focuses on researching
related problems to shifting the structure of economics, influencing factors to
forming and shifting the structure of economics during the process of
industrialization, modernization about reasonsing and practical aspects in Mekong
Delta.

3.2 Specific researching methods


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3.2.1 System approaching method
Utilizing this method in the thesis is to analyze real situation of shifting the
structure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization in
Mekong Delta in the stage of 2000 - 2017.
3.2.2 The method of statistics, description
Utilizing this method in the thesis to analyze real situation of shifting the
structure of economics during the process of industrialsim, modernization in
Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017 and find out essential reasons of
limitations during the process of shifting.
3.2.3 Analyzing, synthetic method
This method is used in each specific content of thesis and it is expressed
clearly when analyzing real situation of shifting the structure of economics during
the process of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta for the stage of
2000 - 2017.
3.2.4 Historic method unites with logic method
Utilizing this method in the thesis is as follows: First, the overview of
typical researching works about some basic, essential problems which relate to
thesis topic according to the order of time. On that basis, assess commonly the
contributions about reasoning and practical aspects, define researching space.
Second, analyze the Party’s point of view about the structure of economics and
the shift of structure of economics during the process of industrialsim in our
country through the periods of Congress. Third, analyze the process of
industrialization in Korea, Taiwan and Thailand according to the order of time.
From that, withdraw some experience lessions with the shift of structure of
economics during the process of industrialization, modernizationin Mekong Delta
in coming time. Fourth, analyze real situation of shifting the structure of

economics during the process of industrialization, modernization in Mekong
Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017 with its “historic - specific” characteristics.
From that, find out its property, rule and trend.
3.2.5 Comparative method
Utilizing this method in the thesis: First, the overview of typical
researching works about each basic, essential problem relating to thesis topic.
Second, analyze essential reasons of limitations during the process of shifting the
structure of economics in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017.
3.3 Source of data
To have the system of data to serve for the thesis’s topic research, PhD
student collected essential data from the following sources: statistical yearbooks
from 2000 to 2017 were published through years by Bureau of Statistics in 13
provinces, cities belonging to Mekong Delta; Economic - social data in Mekong
Delta 2000 - 2009 were pubished by Bureau of Statistics in Can Tho City on June
2010; statistic yearbooks from 2005 to 2017 were published and issued by TCTK


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through years; The reports of Vietnam job and labour investigation from 2010 to
2017 were pubished and issued by TCTK through years; Population and house
investigation in the middle of period on April 01st 2014: Essential results were
issued by TCTK on Sept 2015; The data from career organizations, associations
and specialized magazines …
3.4 The proposal of thesis’s analyzing frame
3.5 Topic researching procedure
CHAPTER 4: REAL SITUATION OF SHIFTING THE STRUCTURE OF
ECONOMICS DURING THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION,
MODERNIZATION IN MEKONG DELTA DURING LAST PERIOD
4.1 General introduction about natural and social characteristics in Mekong
Delta

4.1.1 Geographic position
Mekong Delta lies in South pole of country. The North and Northwest
border with Cambodia, border with Tay Ninh Province and HCMC. The West and
Southwest border with Thailand Bay. The East and Southeast border with Eastern
sea. Mekong Delta includes 13 provinces, cities directly under center, with land
area as 40.816 km2.
4.1.2 Natural conditions
Mekong Delta’s climate has two contrast seasons as rainy and dry seasons.
Rainy season is from May to October, dry season is from November to April of
next year. Land resource, the group of slob, alkaline soil, salty land and gray land
appropriated 89,7% zone area. The terrain is rather smooth. However, there are
some local differences about the terrain where also influences considerably to
releasing water in rainy season and penetrates sea water in dry season. The system
of river, canal is dense, with the density to 0,68 km/km2. Water resource is
abundant. Forest land’s area is very narrow, only appropriates 6,2% zone’s land
area. Sea area is wide, appropriates about 30% sea area of whole country; sea is
warm, the source of seafood is abundnat, advantageous for exploiting seafood in
particular and developing sea economy in common. The resource of mineral is
very limited. Have the potential and benefits about tourism with many different
kinds of forms.
4.1.3 Population and human resource
The population in Mekong Delta in 2017 was 17.738.000 persons,
appropriated 18,9% population of whole country. The force of labourers from 15
years old up to was 10.596.600persons, appropriated 19,3% labour force of whole
country. Whereas, the number of persons who don’t have specialized technique
appropriate 87,1%, highest in the country; in contrast, the sum of persons who
have qualification of specialized technique only appropriate 12,9%, lowest in the
country. Moreover, lose the balance in the structure of qualification and training
department, career. Training quality is still low.

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4.2 Real situation of shifting the structure of economics during the process of
industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017
4.2.1 GRDP structure, the structure of manufacturing value
4.2.1.1 GRDP structure is divided according to the group of economics
GRDP structure is divided according to the group of economics in Mekong Delta
for the stage of 2000 - 2017 shifted according to the following trend:
Table 4.3: GRDP structure is divided according to the group of economics in
Mekong Delta
Unit
2000 2005 2010 2017
GRDP
%
100
100
100
100
The group of agriculture - forestry %
52,9
47,2
39,6
31,6
seafood
The group of industry - construction
%
18,0
22,2
24,0
26,8

The group of service
%
29,1
30,6
36,4
41,6
Source: PhD student summarizes from statistic yearbook for 13 provincies, cities
belonging to Mekong Delta
Table 4.3 shows: the proportion of agriculture - forestry - seafood in GRDP
has the trend of decreasing. In contrast, the proportion of group of industry construction and service in GRDP has the trend of increasing.
The speed of shifting the structure of GRDP was divided according to the
group of economics in Mekong Delta in the period of 2000 - 2017, measured by
cosφ coefficient. cosφcoefficient = 0,90957, so φ = 24,5 , that is this process
takes place slowly.
4.2.1.2 The kinds of manufacturing value structure in the group of
agriculture - forestry - seafood
First, manufacturing value structure of agriculture - forestry - seafood
was divided according to the economics in Mekong Delta for the stage of
2000 - 2017,shifted according to the following trend:
Table 4.4: Manufacturing value structure of agriculture - forestry - seafood
was divided according to the economics in Mekong Delta for the stage of
2000 - 2017
Unit
2000
2005
2010
2017
Agriculture - forestry %
100
100

100
100
seafood industries
Agriculture industry
%
72,4
65,3
66
62,5
Forestry industry
%
2,2
1,6
1,0
1,0
Seafood industry
%
25,5
33,1
33,1
36,5
Source : PhD student summarizes from statistic yearbook in 13 provinces, cities
belonging to Mekong Delta


14
Table 4.4 shows that the proportion of industry and forestry in
manufacturing value of agriculture - forestry - seafood has the trend of increasing
rapidly. In contrast, the proportion of seafood industry has the trend of increasing
rapidly. The structure of manufacturing value of agriculture - forestry - seafood

according to shifting economics according to the above mentioned trend due to
manufacturing factors such as land, labour and the capital moves from the
agriculture - forestry to seafood industry to achieve a higher economic
effectiveness.
Second, the structure of agricultural manufacturing value was divided
according to the economy in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017
shifted according to the trend: theproportion of planting industry in agricultural
manufacturing value had the trend of decreasing, from 78,3% in 2000 down
77,8% in 2010 and 74,7% in 2017. In contrast, the proportion of breeding industry
had the trend of increasing, from 13,8% in 2000 to 14,6% in 2010 and achieved
15,9% in 2017. This shift made average manufacturing value on 1 ha of
agricultural manufacturing land have the trend of increasing, from 17,2 million
dongs/ha in 2000 to 137 million dongs/ha in 2017.
The speed of shifting agricultural manufacturing structure was divided
according to the economics in Mekong Delta for the period of 2000 - 2017,
measured by cosφcoefficient. cosφcoefficent = 0,99912, so φ = 2,4 , that is this
process takes place slowly. Besides, there are many limitations in small plant seed
which the farmer uses to manufacture, manufacturing technique is still low; small
retailing manufacturing scale is major; associating according to value chain in
agricultural production is still narrow, isn’t popular yet.
The structure of manufacturing value of planting industry was divided
according to the group of plants in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017,
shifted according to the following trend: the proportion of group of food trees in
manufacturing value of planting industry had the trend of decreasing, from 69,4%
in 2000 down 67,6% in 2010 and 60,6% in 2017. The proportion of group of
industrial trees had also the trend of decreasing, from 6,4% in 2000 down 5,6% in
2010 and 4,8% in 2017. In contrast, the proportion of group of vegetables had the
trend of increasing, from 6,6% in 2000 to 13,1% in 2010 and achieved 14,5% in
2017. The proportion of group of fruit trees had also the trend of increasing, from
15,2% in 2000 to 19,5% in 2017. This shift contributed on making average

manufacturing value on 1 ha of planting land to have the trend of increasing, from
13,5 million dongs/ha in 2000 to 102,3 million dongs/ha in 2017.
The speed of shifting the structure of manufacturing value of planting
industry was divided according to the group of planting trees in Mekong Delta for
the stage of 2000 - 2017, measured by cosφ coefficient. cosφ coefficent =
0,98646, so φ = 9,4 , that is this process take place slowly.


15
The structure of manufacturing value of breeding industry was divided
according to the group of domestic animal in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000
- 2017 shifted according to the following trend: the proportion of group of
domestic animals in manufacturing value of breeding industry had the trend of
increasing, from 62% in 2000 to 65,2% in 2017. The proportion of group of
domestic animals had also the trend of increasing, from 22,6% in 2000 to 23,1%
in 2010 and achieved 30,9% in 2017. This shift is suitable with breeding
conditions in the zone, suitable with market need.
The speed of shifting the structure of manufacturing value of breeding
industry was divided according to the group of domestic animals in Mekong Delta
for the stage of 2000 - 2017, was measured by cosφ coefficient. cosφ coefficient =
0,98033, so φ = 11,4 , that is this process takes place slowly.
Third, the structure of forestry manufacturing value was divided
according to operating industry in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017:
About forest area in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017, therewere
the trend of decreasing, from 337.664 ha in 2000 down 253.530 ha in 2017.
Whereas, the area of manufacturing forest land had the trend of decreasing
strongly, from 218.632 ha down 99.257 ha; in contrast, the area of protective
forest land had the trend of increasing, from 76.592 ha to 81.778 ha; the area of
forest land for special use had also the trend of increasing, from 42.440 ha to
72.495 ha in this stage.

About the structure of forestry manufacturing value divided according to
operating industry in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017,the proportion of
planting industry and forest care in forestry manufacturing value was rather small,
had the trend of decreasing from 7,3% in 2000 down 5,5% in 2010 and there was
only 3,6% in 2017. In contrast, the proportion of wood exploiting industry and
other forestry was always biggest, had the trend of increasing from 87,2% in 2000
to 87,7% in 2010 and 92,8% in 2017.
Fourth, the structure of seafood manufacturing value was divided
according to operating industry in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017,
shifted according to the following trend: the proportion in aquaculture in
seafood manufacturing value had the trend of increasing rapidly, from 48,1% in
2000 to 69% in 2017. In contrast, the proportion of seafood exploiting industry
had the trend of decreasing rapidly, from 49,2% in 2000 down 27,4% in 2017.
4.2.1.3 The proportion of industries and construction industries in
GRDP, the structure of industrial manufacturing value
First, about the proportion of industries and construction industry in
GRDP in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017 shifted according to the
following trend:


16
Table 4.13: The proportion of industries and construction industry in GRDP
in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017
Unit: %
2000 2005 2010 2017
GRDP
100
100
100
100

The group of industry - construction
18,0
22,2
24,0
26,8
industry:
+ Exploitation
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,1
+ Processing industry
13,7
17,2
16,6
18,8
+ Manufacturing and distributing the
0,8
0,7
2,6
3,2
electricity, burning gas, water
+ Construction
3,2
4,1
4,6
4,7
Source: PhD student summarizes statistic yearbook in 13 provinces, city
belonging to Mekong Delta
Table 4.13 shows in the group of industry - construction industries, the

proportion of exploiting industry in GRDP had the trend of decreasing. In
contrast, the proportion of industries, construction in GRDP had the trend of
increasing. This shift is suitable with typical characteristic of Mekong Delta as the
zone with mineral resource very limited, suitably with the trend of shifting the
structure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization.
The speed of shifting the proportion of industries and construction in
GRDP in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017 was measured by cosφ
coefficient. cosφ coefficient = 0,99414, so φ = 6,2 , that is this process takes
place slowly.
Second, the structure of industrial manufacturing value:
The structure of industrial manufacturing value was divided according to
the industry in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017,the industries exploited
the source of agricultural and seafood materials, exploit human resource
abundantly, have the market of domestic and foreign consumption
advantageously. Strong growth made the proportion of these industries in
industrial manufacturing value, had the trend of increasing, such as manufacturing
industry, food and beverage processing, sewing, leather shoes... In contrast, the
industries met many difficulties about the source of materials and product
consuming ability in the market develop slower, made the proportion of these
industries in industrial manufacturing value have the trend of decreasing, such as
weaving, wood processing industries ... However, this process takes place slowly.
In the structure of industrial manufacturing value divided according to
technological qualification in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017,the
group of low technological industry always appropriated the biggest proportion,
the group of average technological industry always appropriated a smaller


17
proportion and the group of high technological industry always appropriated the
smallest proportion in industrial manufacturing value. This reflected that the

qualification of industry in Mekong Delta is currently still very low.
4.2.1.4 The proportion of service industries in
The proportion of some service industries in GRDP in Mekong Delta for
the stage of 2000 - 2017 shifted according to the following trend:
Table 4.15: The proportion of some service industries in GRDP in Mekong
Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017
Unit: %
2000 2005 2010 2017
GRDP
100
100
100
100
The group of service industry:
29,1
30,6
36,4
41,6
+ Commerce; repair motor car, motorcycle
9,4
9,2
11,3
13,8
+ Staying and food service
3,0
3,6
3,7
4,8
+ Parking transport, information and media
3,3

3,7
4,0
4,1
+ The activities of finance, bank, insurance
3,4
3,8
3,5
3,1
+ Specialized activity, technological
0,0
0,0
0,4
0,5
science
+ Education and training
2,2
2,6
2,8
3,6
+ Other service industries
7,8
7,8
10,8
11,6
Source: PhD student summarizes from statistic yearbook in 13 provinces, cities
belonging to Mekong Delta
Table 4.15 shows that the proportion of most service industries in GRDP
had the trend of increasing with different levels (only deduct the proportion of
finance, bank and insurance, there was the trend of decreasing).
4.2.2 The structure of working labourers in the economy

The structure of working labourers in the ecnomics in Mekong Delta for the
stage of 2010 - 2017 shifted properly with the rule of shift of labour structure
during the process of industrialization, modernization. However, this process
takes place slowly. The labourer in the group of agriculture - forestry - seafood,
labourer without specialized technical qualification also appropriated the highest
proportion; in contrast, the group of industry - construction, labourer with
specialized technical qualificaiton also appropriated the lowest proportion in total
social labour.
4.2.3 The structure of exporting goods
The structure of exporting turnover was divided according to the group of
goods in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017, also shifted properly with
the rule and reflected the process of shifting the structure of economicsin Mekong
Delta during last period.


18
4.3 The achievement, limitation and essential reasons of limitations during
the process of shifting the structure of economics in Mekong Delta for the
stage of 2000 - 2017
4.3.1 The achievement
First, GRDP structure was divided according to the group of economics in
Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017, shifted properly with the rule of
structure of economics during the process of industrialization, modernization.
Second, the kinds of structure of manufacturing value in the group of
agriculture - forestry - seafood:
+ The structure of manufacturing value of agriculture - forestry - seafood is
divided according to the economics shifted according to positive direction,
improved economic effectiveness.
+ The structure of agricultural manufacturing value is divided according to
the economics shifted in proper direction. The structure of manufacturing value of

planting industry is divided according to the group of planting trees. The structure
of manufacturing value of breeding industry is divided according to the group of
domestic animals, shifted from the groups of planting trees, domestic animals
have low economic effectivess to the groups of planting trees. Breeding animals
have higher economic effectiveness.
+ In the forestry, the areas of protective forest land and forest land for
special use had the trend of increasing.
+ The structure of seafood manufacturing value is divided according to
operating industry shifted according to the trend of promoting, exploiting the
potential and benefit about the zone’s aquiculture.
Third, the proportion of industries and construction in GRDP, the structure
of industrial manufacturing value:
+ The proportion of industries and construction in GRDP: in the group of
industry - construction, the proportion of exploiting industry in GRDP had the
trend of decreasing; in contrast, the proportion of industries, construction in
GRDP had the trend of increasing.
+ The structure of industrial production is divided according to the
industry, the industries of material source of agricultural product and seafood,
abundant human resource had the market of domestic and foreign consumption
advantageously, developed strongly to make the proportion of these industries in
industrial manufacturing value have the trend of increasing. In contrast, the
industries met many difficulties about the source of materials and the ability of
consuming the products in the market, developed slower to make the proportion
of these industries in industrial manufacturing value have the trend of decreasing.
Fourth, about the proportion of service industries in GRDP, the proportion
of most service industries inGRDP had the trend of increasing.


19
Fifth, the structure of ecnomics in Mekong Delta during last period shifted

properly with the rule of shifting the strucutre of economics during the process of
industrialization, modernization, promoted the zone’s potential and benefit,
contributed on increasing social labour productivity, promoted rapidly economic
growth speed, guaranteed economic growth speed, food security of whole country
and promoted social advance in the zone during last period.
4.3.2 The limitation
First, GRDP structure was divided according to the group of economics in
Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000 - 2017, shifted accordiing to the direction of
industrialization, modernization slowly. The group of agriculture - forestry seafood also appropriated a high proportion in GRDP, the group of industry construction also appropriated the lowest proportion in GRDP.
Second, the kinds of structure of manufacturing value in the group of
agriculture - forestry - seafood:
+ The industry also appropriated the highest proportion and seafood
industry also a low proportion in the value of manufacturing agriculture - forestry
- seafood.
+ The structure of agricultural manufacturing value is divided according to
the economics, the structure of manufacturing value of planting industry is
divided according to the group of planting trees and the structure of
manufacturing value of breeding industry is divided accordiing to the group of
domestic animals shifted according to advanced direction very slow. The structure
of manufacturing value between planting and breeding industries, the group of
food trees and the groups of other trees, between the group of domestic animals
and other groups of domestic animals aren’t reasonable yet. Besides, there are
many limitations in the seed whcih the farmer uses to manufacture, manufacturing
technique is still low; small retailing manufacturing scale is major; the association
according value chain in agricultural production is still narrow, isn’t still
popularized yet.
+ In the forestry: the area of manufacturing forest land has the trend of
decreasing strongly. Morever, in the structure of forestry manufacturing value is
divided according to operating industry, the proportion of planting industry and
forest care in forestry manufacturing value is rather small, had the trend of

decreasing; in contrast, the proportion of wood and other forestry exploiting
industry is always biggest. There is the trend of increasing.
Third, the proportion of industries and construction in GRDP, the structure
of industrial manufacturing value:
+ The proportion of industries and construction in GRDP shifted accordiing
to advanced direction is very slow. Processing industry also appropriates a low
proportion in GRDP. Here is essential limitation which needs to overcome in
coming time.


20
+ The structure of industrial manufacturing value is divided according to
the industry shifted according to advanced direction very slow. The structure of
industrial manufacturing value is divided according to technological qualification
reflects that the qualification of industry in Mekong Delta currently is still very
low.
Fourth, in the group of service industry, traditional service industry uses
many popular labourers and needs a little of investing capital such as commercial
industry, repairing motor car, motorcycle and other engine motorcycle, staying
and food service which also appropirate a high proportion in GRDP. In contrast,
service industries have the property of motivation, effect to promote the process
of industrialization, modernization such as parking transportation, information
and media, finance, bank and insurance, scientific and technological activities,
education and training which always appropriate a low proportion in GRDP.
4.3.3 The limitations’ essential reasons
First, the State’s effect with the shift of structure of ecnomics during the
process of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta during last period is
limited much. Second, about natural condition, prominent thing is double effect
from changing the climate, rising sea water and exploiting water resource on the
upstream of Mekong river. Third, about human resource, the structure of total

social labour which is divided according to the group of economics in Mekong
Delta during last period is still limited, intellectual premises and the quality of
human resource are still lower than other economic - social zones of whole
country. Fourth, aboutinvesting capital, the capacity of reinforcing force source of
investing capital is also limited, especially as FDI capital, investing structure isn’t
reasonable yet and the effectiveness of using investing capital has the trend of
decreasing. Fifth, the qualification of science - technology is also lower than
average level of whole country. Sixth, the stageof consuming goods always meets
many difficulties and isn’t stable. Besides, the infrastructure of production in
Mekong Delta is bad, especially as the system of road, bridge, port and irrigation
works.
CHAPTER 5: THE ORIENTATION AND ESSENTIAL SOLUTIONS TO
PROMOTE THE SHIFT OF STRUCTURE OF ECONOMICS DURING
THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, MODERNIZATION IN
MEKONG DELTA UNTIL 2025
5.1 New context influences to the shift of structure of economics in Mekong
Delta in coming time
5.1.1 International new context includes: industrialrevolution on the
fourth time; global economic trend and economic area, international economic
integration and area of whole country in coming time; double effect from
changing the climate, rising sea water and exploiting water resource in the
upstream of Mekong Delta. This international new context just opens new


21
opportunities, but also puts big challenges with the shift of structure of economics
in the zone in coming time.
5.1.2 New context in Mekong Delta
With a geographic poisition, natural conditions, population and human
resource, with real situation of shifting the structure of economics during the

process of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000
- 2017, Mekong Delta had the potentials and advantages about the group of food
trees, vegetables and fruit trees in the industries ofplanting, seafood, food and
beverage processing industry, industries with high contents of labourers,
regenerating energy and gas - electricity - protein, and tourism.
However, Mekong Delta has also the limitations about intellectual premises
and the quality of human resource, the capacity of reinforcing investing capital,
scientific - technological qualification, production’s infrastructure....
5.2 Point of view, general target and orientation of shifting the structure of
economics in Mekong Delta until 2025
5.2.1 Point of view about shifting the structure of economics in Mekong
Delta in coming time
On the basis of real situation of shifting the structure of economics during
the process of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta for the stage of
2000 - 2017 and international new context, new context in Mekong Delta, the
shift of structure of economics in Mekong Delta in coming time: (i) attach with
technical, technological changes suitably; (ii) obey according to the rules of
shifting the structure of economics during the process of industrialization,
modernization; (iii) promote maximum potentials and advantages compared to
available changes of zone, simultaenously create regularly and positively
comparative advantages in the future, improve rapidly comparative ability with
the zone’s kinds of goods, service in domestic and foreign market; (iv) adopt with
climate changes, rising sea water and exploiting water resource on the upstream
of Mekong Delta; (v) contribute on keeping social politics stable, reinforce
national defence and security, develop solidly and withdraw the distance about
developing qualification compared to common premises of whole country.
5.2.2 General target of shifting the structure of economics in Mekong
Delta until 2025
The shift of structure of economics in Mekong Delta until 2025 to orient to
the structure of industrial economy - agriculture - service, with modern facilities technique, have high social productivity, join effectively international assignment

and cooperation, contribute on stable politics - society, solid security national
defence, protect ecological environment and withdraw the distance about
developing qualification compared to common premises of whole country.
5.2.3 The orientation of shifting the structure of economics in Mekong
Delta until 2025


22
Persuant to real situation of shifting the structure of economics during the
process of industrialization, modernization in Mekong Delta for the stage of 2000
- 2017 and the point of view about shifting the structure of economics in Mekong
Delta in coming time, the orientation of shifting the structure of economics in
Mekong Delta until 2025 is specific as follows:
5.2.3.1 GRDP structure which is divided according to the group of
economics in Mekong Delta in coming timeneeds to shift according to rapidly
decreasing direction of proportion in the group of industries of agriculture forestry - seafood in GRDP, increases rapidly the proportion in the group of
industries of industry - construction and service in GRDP to orient to economic
structure of industry - agriculture - service for a long time.
5.2.3.2 About the kinds of manufacturing value structure in the group
of agriculture - forestry - seafood industries
First, the structure of manufacturing value of agriculture - forestry seafood is divided according to the economy in Mekong Delta in coming time,
needs to shift according to the direction to continue increasing the proportion of
seafood industry, decreasing equivalent proportion of agriculture and forestry in
the value of manufacturing the agricuture - forestry - seafood.
Second, the structure of agricultural manufacturing value is divided
according to the economy in Mekong Delta in coming time, needs to shift
according to the direction of increasing rapidly the proportion of breeding,
decreasing rapidly the proportion of planting industry in agricultural
manufacturing value. In planting industry, need to increase rapidly the proportion
for the group of vegetables and fruit tree, decrease rapidly the proportion for the

group of food and industrial trees in manufacturing value of planting industry. In
breeding industry, the kinds of major domestic animals need to be promoted to
develop in Mekong Delta in coming time as beef, pork and domestic animals.
Must attach the shift of internal structure of this industry with applying rapidly
scientific - technological advance to the production. Move gradually from small
retailing agricultural production to farm agriculture, big-scale focused agriculture.
Attach manufacturing with processing, associating according to value chian in
agricultural production, build the trademark of agricultural products to improve
the value of agricultrual products in the zone.
Third, forestry needs to expand the area of 3 kinds of forest as
manufacturing forest, protecting forest and forest for special use.
Fourth, the structure of seafood manufacturing value is divided according
to operating industry in Mekong Delta in coming time, needs to shift according to
the direction of continuing increasing the proportion in the industry of
aquaculture, decreasing the proportion of aquaculture exploitation industry in the
zone’s seafood manufacturing value. In the industry of aquaculture, need to
expand breeding area, adjust breeding method and focus on major breeding