Quản lý di tích lịch sử cách mạng ATK (qua nghiên cứu ở tuyên quang, thái nguyên, bắc kạn) tt tiếng anh

HANOI UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE
********

HA THUY MAI

MANAGEMENT OF HISTORIC REVOLUTIONARY SAFE
ZONE MONUMENTS (THROUGH RESEARCH
IN TUYEN QUANG, THAI NGUYEN, BAC KAN)

Specialization: Cultural Management
Code: 9319042

SUMMARY OF CULTURAL MANAGEMENT PH.D THESIS

HANOI - 2019


The work was completed in:
HANOI UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE
MINISTRY OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TOURISM

Science instructor:
Associate Professor. Dr. Nguyen Toan Thang

Reviewer 1: Assoc. Pro. Dr. Trinh Thi Minh Duc
Nguyen Trai University
Reviewer 2: Dr. Nguyen Thi Hoa
Management Board of Hanoi Monuments and Landmarks
Reviewer 3: Assoc. Pro. Dr. Nguyen Quoc Hung
Vietnam National Institute Of Culture and Arts Studies

The dissertation will be defended in front of thesis evaluating Council
at school level at Hanoi University of Culture
No. 418, La Thanh Street, Dong Da District, Ha Noi
At .............., ......................, 2019

The dissertation can be found at:
- Vietnam National Library
- Hanoi University of Culture Library


1
INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale
With the distinctive characteristics of the formation history, the process of
formation and development, the historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in
three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan have become
invaluable assets of the nation. The study of safe zone monuments to create a
basis for the conservation and promotion of these values in relation to each
other and to the region is an important, urgent matter and is indispensable
character of the linkage and development of the network of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments of each locality having monuments as well
as in the region and the whole country in general. This matter became even
more urgent when historic revolutionary safe zone monuments were
recognized as special national monuments with many changes in appearance as
well as management regulations in the new situation.
In recent years, there have been many researches on historic revolutionary
safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and
Bac Kan, as well as many researches on the conservation and promotion of
these monuments. However, since the monuments have been classified as
national monuments in particular, there has not been any research work on

the management of these monuments to comprehensively assess the
achievements and there are limitations of the management of monuments is
two important aspects of the conservation and promotion of the value of
monuments and management of monuments accessible from state
management and community management. In addition, the recognition of
national monuments in particular in the context that 03 monuments are
belonging to three different provinces but located close to each other and
has many similarities in terms of culture, customs, population and soil, etc.
also requires a comprehensive study to make detailed assessments on the
basis of regional linkages in conservation and promotion of the value of
historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen
Quang and Thai Nguyen Bac Kan to serves the economic and social
development of the region and the whole country.


2
The three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan are
located in the northern mountainous region of our country, known to the
people of the whole country for their indomitable and unyielding
revolutionary tradition of cultural characteristics typical of ethnic minorities
in the northern mountainous region of our country. Also in this area,
revolutionary historical sites have become the pride not only of the people
here but also the people of the country. The conservation and promotion of
valuable revolutionary historical sites of Viet Bac region has gained initial
successes in recent years, however, studies on the management of
monuments revolutions in this area in recent years account for not much,
especially the lack of intensive and comprehensive research works on the
revolutionary heritage monument system in three provinces of Tuyen
Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan.
In the system of revolutionary historical monuments of the abovementioned area, we must mention relics classified as special national

monuments, namely Tan Trao safe zone relic, Tuyen Quang province, Dinh
Hoa safe zone relic and Thai Nguyen province and Cho Don safe zone relic,
Bac Kan province. After being recognized as a special national monument,
the appearance of these monuments has changed a lot compared to the
previous in terms of boundary and spatial distribution of component
monuments. This requires an objective research and evaluation of the status
of the management of monuments in order to identify the achievements,
limitations and causes of the limitations in the management of safe zone
monuments over time. On that basis, propose practical solutions to improve
the effectiveness of the management of these monuments in the future. This
is an important task that contributes to preserving and promoting the
beautiful and lasting values of the monument to a large number of people in
the country and international friends when coming to the cradle of the
Vietnamese revolution in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen
and Bac Kan.
From the above problem, the researcher realized that it is necessary to
have an in-depth study on the management historic revolutionary safe zone


3
historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen
Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan to research the situation and find out the
achievements and limitations in the management of the national special
historic revolutionary safe zone relic in 3 provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai
Nguyen and Bac Kan and offer solutions to improve the quality of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments management in the near future. For that
reason, the PhD student selected the topic "Management of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments (through research in Tuyen
Quang, Thai Nguyen, Bac Kan)" as the topic of doctoral thesis
specializing in Cultural Management.

2. Research purposes and tasks
2.1. Research purposes
Researching the historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three
provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan to find out
achievements and limitations in the management of these monuments over
the past time. Make judgments and assessments objectively about the
achievements and limitations as well as the causes of the limitations in the
management of monuments, creating a scientific basis for offering solutions
to improve the efficiency management results at these monuments.
2.2. Research tasks
In order to achieve the research objectives mentioned above, the thesis
focuses on solving the following specific tasks:
+ Research theoretical basis, basic concepts related to the thesis topic,
overview of documents of research works related to the thesis topic.
+ Overall study of appearance, value of revolutionary historic
monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan.
+ Survey and research on the management of historic revolutionary
safe zone monuments in the three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen
and Bac Kan at the present based on state management and participation of
the community.
+ Assess the achievements, limitations and causes of the limitations in
the management of these monuments.


4
+ Based on the comments, objectively assess the status of the management
work, propose solutions to improve the efficiency of the management of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments in the coming time.
3. Research subject and scope
3.1. Research subjects

Management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments: Tan
Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don in the three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai
Nguyen and Bac Kan accessible from the State and the management
participation of the community.
3.2. Research scope
Space: The thesis studies all areas zoned for the protection of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang,
Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, in which focusing on researching at 3 historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments typical for each province including Tan
Trao historic revolutionary safe zone monument, Tuyen Quang province,
Dinh Hoa Thai Nguyen province and Cho Don in Bac Kan province.
Time: Research topic on the management of historic revolutionary
safe zone monuments: Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don in three provinces of
Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan since the sites were classified as
special national monuments.
4. Research questions and scientific hypotheses
4.1. Research question
Implement the research project of "Management of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments (through research in Tuyen Quang,
Thai Nguyen, Bac Kan (through research in Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen,
Bac Kan)", the PhD student posed the following research questions:
1. Approaching from the state management, how the state
management levels have played their role in the management of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang,
Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan?
2. As subjects of preserving the values of cultural heritage, how has
the local community where historic revolutionary safe zone monuments are


5

located in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan
shown its role in its management of these monuments recently?
3. The coordination between the State and the community in the
management of has is tight and effective or not?
4. What needs to be done to promote the role of both the State and the
community in order to manage historic revolutionary safe zone monuments
more effectively?
4.2. Scientific hypothesis
The State and community both play an important role in managing
historical - cultural relics in general and historic revolutionary safe zone
monuments in particular. If there is a clear decentralization and close
cooperation between the State and the community, this work will certainly
be effective.
5. Research method
Document research methods; Statistical methods; Methods of analysis
- synthesis; Logical and historical methods; Interview method; Methods of
sociological investigation; Fieldwork method, field survey; Comparative
method; Modeling method; Professional solution.
6. The contribution of the thesis
The thesis is the first in-depth research of the management work at the
historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen
Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, especially after these monuments have
been classified as national monuments, especially with basic changes in
appearance, protection scope as well as management regulations in the new
situation, requires a new level in both theory and practice.
The thesis is the first work to study the current situation of
management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments located in
regional links and in specific conditions of regional culture of the North
Vietnam. The status of the state management in the aforementioned
monuments as well as the participation of the community will give us an

objective, honest view of the value of the monuments as well as the
achievements and limitations of the management of these monuments in


6
recent years. Create a basis for planning conservation and promoting
strategies of these monuments in the future. Summarizing experiences from
the research results of the thesis will play an important role in orienting
solutions to preserve and promote the value of historic revolutionary safe
zone monuments in Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan provinces.
On that basis, contributed to the success of the process of national
construction, development, education and patriotic consciousness, and
indomitable and tenacious struggle of the present and future generations of
Vietnamese people.
7. The structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references, appendices, the
thesis content is structured with 03 chapters:
Chapter 1: Literature review, theoretical basis and overview of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang,
Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan.
Chapter 2: Current situation of management of historic revolutionary
safe zone monuments from the perspective of the state and community.
Chapter 3: Solutions to improve the efficiency of management of
historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen
Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan.
Chapter 1
LITERATURE REVIEW, THEORETICAL BASIS AND OVERVIEW
OF HISTORIC REVOLUTIONARY SAFE ZONE MONUMENTS IN
THREE PROVINCES OF TUYEN QUANG, THAI NGUYEN AND
BAC KAN

1.1. Literature review
1.1.1. The research works on cultural heritage management
Managing cultural heritage is an issue that has been interested by
scholars in the country as well as around the world. The research of
scholars revolves around many issues related to the field of cultural heritage


7
management. In which the authors are interested in the basic issues of
cultural heritage such as: The birth of cultural heritage management; the
role and functions of managing cultural heritage; research issues of cultural
heritage management; how to practice in managing cultural heritage, etc.
Solving the above problems, in the world, there are many works of
many scholars who have discussed with many typical authors such as: Peter
Howard in his book of Heritage: Management, interpretation and identity;
Zhan Chang Yuan in Cultural Industrial Management curriculum; Brian
Garrod, Alan Fayall in the study of heritage management and tourism;
Arthur Perdersen in A practical guide for world heritage site managers, etc.
In our country, cultural heritage has become the object of research and
a top concern of specialized researchers, cultural heritage managers, etc.
especially in recent years, cultural heritage is affected by the urbanization
process and the impact of developing a market economy. At this time, the
study of cultural heritage does not only focus on issues such as what is
cultural heritage? Heritage for whom? Cultural heritage for what? The role
of Cultural Heritage? Or content of cultural heritage management, etc.
Discussions and explanations for the above issues include the research
works of typical authors such as: Collections of A road to access cultural
heritage [24] , 25]; Bui Hoai Son with the article Who's Heritage for and the
story of organizing traditional festivals in Vietnam [60] and Heritage for
what and some heritage management stories in Vietnam [63]; Nguyen Quoc

Hung in "The role of cultural heritage in the development of our country
today" [37]; Preserve and promote the value of intangible cultural heritage
at historical and cultural monuments [34], etc.; The future vision of cultural
heritage and monuments protection system in our country [35] Dang Van
Bai in the issue of state management in the field of cultural heritage
conservation [4]; Preserving intangible cultural heritage - from the
perspective of globalization [5]; Preserving cultural heritage in the
development process [6], etc.; Luu Tran Tieu in the article "Some issues on
restoration and preservation of cultural and historical relics [89], etc.;
Quang Minh and Nguyen Thi Thu Trang in the role of the community from


8
the perspective of preserving cultural heritage [54] ... Scientific conference
of Festival - Values awareness and management solution [11] by Ministry
of Literature Chemical, Sports and Tourism and National Cultural Heritage
Council held in Hanoi in 2013; 2014 Scientific Conference on management
of world cultural and natural heritage in Vietnam [12] organized by the
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism at Thang Long Imperial Citadel in
Hanoi; In 2015, the Conference of Conservation Science promoted the
value of the world heritage from the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long
organized by the Thang Long Heritage Conservation Center in Hanoi in
collaboration with the UNESCO Vietnam Committee in Hanoi, etc.
1.1.2. The research works on historic revolutionary safe zone
monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan
Before and after historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three
provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan were recognized as
special national monuments, historic revolutionary safe zone monuments
have become the object of research of many historians, Many researchers of
culture and related sciences. Researching on revolutionary historic

revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang,
Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, the studies focused on two basic aspects related
to these relics: the study of meaning and values of historic revolutionary
safe zone monuments; The second study focuses on the conservation and
promotion of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in the provinces
mentioned above.
From the perspective of history, historians appreciate the position of
historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in the resistance war for
national independence as well as the role of historic revolutionary safe zone
monuments in social life today. Military History Institute, Ministry of
Defense in the book "History of resistance against France (1945-1954)", 6
volumes, published in 1985 [108]; Command of Military Region I in the
book "Summarizing and directing the implementation of military strategic
tasks of the Viet Bac Inter-Region (1945-1954)" [13, 15]; Nguyen Xuan
Minh, Hoang Ngoc La and Do Hong Thai of the History Department, Viet


9
Bac University of Pedagogy in the research topic "Understanding Central
Safety zone in the war against the French colonialists (1945- 1954) ”[50] ...
Pham Thuyet in Son La district historical vestige [77]; Phu Ninh in Tuyen
Quang historical monuments [55]; Nguyen Khoa Diem in the article
Building and developing an advanced Vietnamese culture imbued with
national identity [31]; Van Tao in the August Revolution article - some
historical issues [69], etc.
1.1.3. The research works on the management of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang,
Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan
Author Hoang Nhu Loan in "The work of preserving, embellishing
and promoting the value of historical relics - Souvenir about President Ho

Chi Minh at Tan Trao historic revolutionary safe zone monument" [46];
Nguyen Quoc Hung in the article: "Historical revolutionary monuments evidence of change" [39]; Author Pham Xanh in Article "Something to
think about revolutionary monuments" [110]; ...
In general, the research works on the management of revolutionary
historical monuments in three provinces of Thai Nguyen, Tuyen Quang and
Bac Kan are not many, most of the research works are in small and
separate. There is no cohesion of the monuments together. Besides, so far,
there has not been any research project focusing on the current situation of
management work in all three monuments in 03 provinces of Tuyen Quang,
Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan in the framework of a research and evaluation.
This is a land for PhD students to implement the thesis.
Through the overview of documents and research works related to the
content of the thesis, the PhD student draws some initial comments as
follows:
- Managing cultural heritage today is a matter that interests many
researchers and managers in many articles and research works in both
theoretical and practical aspects. The views on the cultural heritage
management of domestic and foreign researchers have many similarities,
focusing on the issues of the origin of cultural heritage, the role and


10
functions of cultural heritage as well as preserving and promoting the value
of cultural heritage in contemporary social life.
- Studies on historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three
provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan of various levels:
From survey reports, monuments reports to magazine articles; thesis, master
thesis, doctoral thesis; scientific research projects at provincial, national and
national scientific conferences, etc. Studies of the heritage area are the
subjects of the management work, which are mostly introductory about the

role and location of the historic revolutionary safe zone monuments as well
as the great contributions of the army and people of the region in resistance
to national independence, origin and status of relics in the perspective of
history, culture and military.
However, the researches on cultural heritage management of previous
researchers have not covered a broad range of issues as follows:
Firstly, the works focus on studying historic revolutionary monuments
from the viewpoint of history and military. The issue of management of
historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen
Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan has not been paid adequate attention in
the intensive research works, the research focuses mainly on the small
articles, or from a tourism development perspective. The issue of promoting
the value of monuments in the spirit of community-based and cultural
development of ethnic communities in the area of relics has not been
mentioned.
Secondly, most of the works mention only the subject of management
without considering management tools. The management of cultural
heritage is essentially the management of protection and promotion of
cultural heritage values, and at the same time managing the socio-economic
activities in the monument protection areas that may put pressure on the
protection of cultural heritage, preserving the original elements that make
up the monument. In the system of management tools, conservation strategy
issues, promotion of the value of monuments, planning of monuments and
conservation projects of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments, etc.
have not been studied in depth and discussed.


11
Thirdly, the issue of cultural identity of ethnic groups in the North
Vietnam in relation to preserving and promoting the value of revolutionary

heritage has not been questioned and paid due attention. While in the
management practices at these monuments, the advantages of regional
culture, the lives of the people of the ethnic minorities in the North of
Vietnam have emerged as a strength in the potential form of exploitation
and utilization.
Fourthly, for historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three
provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, apart from the
issues not mentioned as mentioned above, up to now, there has not been any
specific research system of monuments management after the monuments
are classified as special national monuments with impacts in both positive
and negative directions to the monument, this is a big challenge for
managers and local authorities in the short term as well as long term.
Fifthly, considering the issue of promoting the value of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments in order to serve the local socioeconomic development on the basis of potential links, the value of
monuments in the overall cultural has not been paid much attention,
researching in general based on analyzing the status of each zone and site of
historic revolutionary safe zone monuments.
Through an overview of the literature on the management of the
cultural heritage in general, the management of historic revolutionary safe
zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac
Kan, it can be seen that so far there has been no work which scientific
research is in depth and comprehensive on the management of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang,
Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan in order to generalize the most common issues
of management at these monuments, on that basis, assess the advantages,
shortcomings and causes in order to orient and find solutions to improve the
effectiveness of the management of these monuments. The previous studies
gap will be a certain gap that PhD students will continue to explore and
research in the thesis. The studies of the previous scholars will be an

12
important source of material, have many meanings and values for the thesis
to refer to, inherit for the research process.
1.2. Theoretical basis
1.2.1. Some related concepts
1.2.2.1. Cultural heritage
1.2.2.2. Historical - cultural monuments
1.2.2.3. Revolutionary historical sites
1.2.2.4. Management
1.2.2.5. State management of Cultural Heritage
1.2.2.7. Community
1.2.2. Theoretical basis of the thesis
Stemming from research practice, the PhD student selected role theory
as the theory to implement the thesis.
1.3. Overview of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in
three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan
1.3.1. History of formation
The historic revolutionary safe zone monuments are built by the Party
Central Committee, the Government, and President Ho Chi Minh City and
have become famous historical places; The above-mentioned places have
become the provisional capital of Viet Bac liberation zone. The remaining
monuments to this day have become important living witnesses, a testament
to a period of arduous, glorious, majestic and golden history of our nation.
Up to now, there are monuments still intact, there are relics that have been
degraded or only the marking the event, etc. but the existence of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments highlights the proud, indomitable past
as well as the contributions of the army and the people of the safe zone
region throughout the nation's history.
1.3.2. Characteristics of the monuments

1.3.2.1. General overview of historic revolutionary safe zone
monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan
With the area of protected areas stretching over the territory of many
communes and districts of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen


13
and Bac Kan, special national monuments Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don
include many historic revolutionary safe zone monuments and types of
intangible cultural heritages associated with the people of the local ethnic
groups belonging to the monuments to create a multicultural color
imprinting the regional impression of these monuments. Each special
historic revolutionary safe zone monument in Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen
and Bac Kan provinces includes a population with many monument
points, including historical, national and provincial historical sites which
are in record process to create a diverse, rich and long-lasting system of
cultural monuments on the regional cultural space of the Northern
midland and mountainous region of Vietnam (see details in Appendix 05
attached to the thesis).
1.3.2.2. Overview of typical features
Firstly, historic revolutionary safe zone monuments all spread over
many administrative territories.
Secondly, historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three
provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan are ones of the rare
revolutionary historical sites that still retain all historical relics that were
operating place of the Party, Government and our state in the years of
resistance.
Thirdly, of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan Trao,
Dinh Hoa, Cho Don are are mainly made of paintings, bamboo,
neohouzeaua, leaves, which are available materials from locality, but poor

in terms of longevity or sustainability against the invasion of insects as well
as the harsh weather of the Northern Mountains of our country.
Fourthly, another outstanding feature of the historic revolutionary safe
zone monuments of Tan Tan, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don is that most of the
monuments are associated with the activities of the leaders of the Party,
Government and Ministry, Industry and mass organizations or associated
with important events during the time of the resistance war against the
French of our army and people.


14
Fifthly, the monuments were built by the community, today the
community is still living at the sites and participating in managing,
preserving and preserving the monuments.
1.3.3. Historical and cultural values of monuments
1.3.3.1. Historical value
- Mark the birthplace of revolutionary strategies of the Party and State
during the resistance war
- As a base for all Party and State agencies during the resistance war
- The selection of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan provinces
as the center of the liberated capital and the resistance capital represents
the strategic vision of our Party
1.3.3.2. Cultural values
In addition to historical values, historic revolutionary safe zone
monuments of the three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac
Kan are also places for preserving many cultural values of the ethnic
communities here. It is the architecture of stilt houses of the Tay ethnic
group, the housing of Dao and Mong people; Traditional ethnic costumes of
the Tay, Mong and Dao ethnic groups; typical cuisine of the northern
mountainous ethnic minority region and an intangible cultural heritage are

rich and unique traditional folk arts and literature with many types: Voice;
Folklore, including lullaby, poetry, folk songs, proverbs; Folk performing
arts, including music, dance, and singing; Social customs, etc.
Chapter 2
CURRENT SITUATION OF MANAGEMENT OF HISTORIC
REVOLUTIONARY SAFE ZONE MONUMENTS FROM THE
PERSPECTIVE OF THE STATE AND COMMUNITY
2.1. Current situation of management of historic revolutionary
safe zone monuments from state agencies
2.1.1. State management activities
2.1.1.1. Create a legal corridor to manage monuments
- Promulgate legal documents


15
- Improve the community's understanding of the law, including the
legal documents on monuments
- Develop and implement master plans, plans and projects on
conservation of monuments
2.1.1.2. Establishment of monuments management agency
The Management Board of historic revolutionary safe zone
monuments ofTan Tan, Dinh Hoa and Cho Don have certain positions,
functions and tasks in managing historic revolutionary safe zone
monuments. Like other monuments nationwide, historic revolutionary safe
zone monuments are also under the strict management and supervision of
specialized agencies at the central level, namely the Ministry of Culture,
Sports and Tourism. People's Committees at all levels as well as the
Monuments Management Board. Accordingly, with specific functions and
tasks, each management level has a separate role in the management of
monuments as follows:

- Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
- Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism
- District People's Committee
- Commune People's Committee
2.1.1.3. Funds for activities of managing, renovating and embellishing
monuments
In recent years, with the attention of the Party and State in preserving
and promoting the cultural heritage values of the nation, historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments have been initially paid attention,
invested in repair and renovation and embellishment. With an important
role as the cradle of the revolution, the historic revolutionary safe zone
monuments ofTan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don were invested by management
levels in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan in
repair and embellishment.
2.1.1.4. Training human resources for the management, repair and
embellishment of monuments
Human resources is one of the important and decisive factors in the
process of implementing the management of historic revolutionary safe


16
zone monuments. In order to well carry out the conservation and promotion
of the value of monuments associated with the local socio-economic
development goals, attention should be paid to investment and development
of human resources to ensure good performance of assigned tasks.
2.1.1.5. Guiding and organizing the implementation of conservation
activities, promoting the value of the monuments
Guiding the implementation of activities of preserving and promoting
the value of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments is carried out from
the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, through documents guiding

the implementation of the regulations on conservation and promotion of
values of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments. The regulations are
specific to each locality in which the Department of Culture, Sports and
Tourism of the provinces and the Department of Culture and Information of
the districts will play an important role in directly guiding monument
management units or local governments directly carry out conservation
projects to embellish or promote the value of monuments, etc.
- Researching, collecting and managing artifacts at the monument
- Promoting the value of the monuments
- Mobilizing, managing and using resources for preserving and
promoting the value of monuments
2.1.1.6. Inspecting, examining and handling violations of monuments
Over the past years, the administrative levels of historic revolutionary
safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and
Bac Kan have regularly conducted inspections to preserve and promote the
value of the sites and promote the revolutionary history of Tan Trao, Dinh
Hoa, Cho Don, according to which issues related to the observance of the
law on the protection and promotion of the value of monuments, especially
issues related to public protecting, preserving monuments, environmental
sanitation, business services, accommodation facilities, organizing festivals,
etc. in the area of monuments.


17
2.1.2. Mechanism of coordination between State agencies in the
management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments
The process of managing historic revolutionary safe zone monuments
of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don is done consistently according to specific
management decentralization. In terms of state administration, there is a
consistent management from the central to local levels. In implementing the

coordination mechanism for heritage management, the Management Board
of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho
Don, People's Committees of districts and communes plays an important
role, directly involved in manage monuments.
2.2. Current situation of managing historic revolutionary safe
zone monuments from the community
2.2.1. Community activities in the management of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments
2.2.1.1. Community in the protection and conservation of monuments
In management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments, the
community plays an important role in many areas of conservation and
promotion of values at these sites.
2.2.1.2. Exploiting and promoting the value of monuments of the
community
For the exploitation and promotion of the value of monuments, the
community plays a key role and is the main human resource involved in this
work.
2.2.2. Coordination between the community and the state in the
management of monuments
Among the stakeholders, the community is closely linked to the
management of monuments. The role of the community in preserving and
promoting the value of monuments is enormous.
2.3. General assessment
2.3.1. Assessment of management activities and coordination
mechanism of state agencies in the management of historic revolutionary
safe zone monuments


18
2.3.1.1. Achievements

2.3.1.2. Inadequacies and limitations
2.3.2. Assessment of management activities and coordination
mechanism of the community with the state in the management of
monuments
2.3.2.1. Achievements
2.3.2.2. Inadequacies and limitations
2.4.3. The cause of the limitations
Chapter 3
SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF
MANAGEMENT OF HISTORIC REVOLUTIONARY SAFE ZONE
MONUMENTS OF THREE PROVINCES OF TUYEN QUANG,
THAI NGUYEN AND BAC KAN
3.1. Bases for solutions
3.1.1. Factors affecting the management efficiency of the State and
community on historic revolutionary safe zone monuments
3.1.1.1. Positive factors
3.1.1.2. Negative factors
3.1.2. Methods and objectives of managing historic revolutionary
safe zone monuments
3.1.3. Perspectives, themes and policies of the Party and the State in
managing historic monument and historic revolutionary monuments
3.1.4. Some lessons learned in the management of current historical
monuments (through the experience of managing monuments in Hoi An
ancient town, Kim Lien monument, Giong temple area)
3.1.4.1. Monuments in Hoi An ancient town, Kim Lien monument,
Giong temple area
3.1.4.2. Some lessons learned in management of current historical
monuments
First: Promulgate specific mechanisms and policies, suitable to the
actual conditions at the monument

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Second: Focus on developing and implementing the master plan as a
basis for implementing conservation projects and promoting the value of
the monuments.
Third: Promote the role of community in preserving and promoting the
value of cultural heritage
Fourth: Preserve tangible cultural heritage associated with the
conservation of intangible cultural heritage in the area of relics
Fifthly: Preserve and promote the values of heritages on the basis of
ensuring the harmony of relationships, preserving monuments associated
with preserving the landscape of monuments
Sixthly: Interested in training human resources management
monuments
Seventh: Build a management system with enough functions and
authority to manage monuments
3.2. Some solutions to improve the efficiency of managing historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments
3.2.1. For state agencies
3.2.1.1. Develop and issue specific regulations, mechanisms and
policies to increase investment in the conservation and promotion of
historic revolutionary safe zone monuments
3.2.1.2. Solutions to upgrade and strengthen the Monuments
management mechanism
3.2.1.3. Concentrating on investment in building and implementing the
master plan on conservation and promotion of the value of relics
3.2.1.4. Preserving and promoting the value of monuments on the
basis of developing tourism on sources, community tourism, ecotourism and
strengthening cultural links in preserving and promoting the value of

monuments.
3.2.1.5. Strengthen inspection and examination
3.2.2. For the community
3.2.2.1. Encourage and enhance the role of the community in directly
participating in the process of preserving and promoting the values of


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cultural heritage associated with the historic revolutionary safe zone
monuments
3.2.2.2. Preserving and promoting the value of historic revolutionary
safe zone monuments of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan provinces
in association with the value of intangible cultural heritage of ethnic
communities in Vietnam-North cultural areas
CONCLUSION
1. Based on the survey and investigation in the study area are Tan
Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don relics, and at the same time, gather the published
sources, the thesis focuses on an overview of the relics of AT Trao Tan
Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don, typical as well as historical and cultural values
of the relics. The status of management at these monuments has been
focused on analyzing and evaluating thereby clarifying strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and challenges in managing monuments. The
dissertation has proposed a solution to improve the effectiveness of the
management of revolutionary historic relics of three provinces of Tuyen
Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan in the coming time.
2. To study the management of historic revolutionary safe zone
monuments through research in the three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai
Nguyen and Bac Kan, the PhD student used the theory of roles of
stakeholders. This theory is used to study the role of stakeholders including
the State, community, visitors, etc. in management activities at the research

sites. Based on the role of stakeholders in the management activities of all
levels and the community over the past time at historic revolutionary safe
zone monuments, the thesis has studied and analyzed the status of
management activities, found out the achievements, limitations and causes
of the limitations in the management of historic revolutionary safe zone
monuments of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don in recent years approached
from state management and the participation of the community.


21
3. Historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of
Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan have a system of historical
monuments that exist in the space of a cultural area rich in local colors and
very diverse and complex. It has both tangible cultural heritage and
intangible cultural heritage with a variety of cultural heritages with a full
system of rich revolutionary historical sites, marking historical periods of
the nation. Historic revolutionary safe zone monument is an important
cultural resource for economic and social development of North Vietnam
region in particular and the whole country in general. The monuments that
are interested, invested, preserved and promoted will become an important
driving force contributing to the local economic, political, cultural and
social development. The exploitation and promotion of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments will bring practical benefits to the
community and society, and this is also the solution to the problem of
sustainable development of monuments by exploitation for tourism.
4. In the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments
in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, the state
plays a leading role, which is reflected in the decentralization of
management and activities of the State in the conservation and promotion of
the values of monuments, reflected in the work items: To formulate

conservation planning, plans and projects; issuing legal documents serving
the management of monuments; organize propaganda, dissemination and
education of relics laws; organizing professional activities to preserve and
promote the value of monuments; State management activities at the
monuments have shown unity and synchronization in management. In fact,
through the survey of the Management Board at the monuments, the role of
the community has been clearly shown in the conservation and promotion
of the value of the monument, this is clearly shown by the people being take
part in the protection and preservation of monuments, organize the
mobilization of social resources to perform the restoration and
embellishment of the monuments, and at the same time participate in


22
activities to introduce and promote exploitation and promotion of
monuments.
5. The thesis has focused on researching and analyzing the status of
management at Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa and Cho Don sites since the sites were
recognized as special national monuments, in which going into two basic
contents is the management of the heritage area accessible from the role of
state management and participation in the conservation and promotion of
the value of monuments of the community. Thereby, the thesis initially
gives assessments on the effectiveness of the management of monuments at
the research sites, finding out the achievements, limitations and causes of
the limitations in the conservation and promotion. The value of the
monuments over time in both aspects of management is state management
and community participation.
6. In the current development context, the authorities and people of
Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan provinces are actively interested
in and participating in the conservation and promotion of the values of

historic revolutionary safe zone monuments. The fact also shows that in
recent years, the Party Committee and authorities of the relic provinces
have paid attention to the investment in the conservation and promotion of
the value of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments, which is reflected
in the promulgating mechanisms, policies, investing resources and people,
mobilizing the active participation of local ethnic communities, etc. for this
work. Based on the Party's views and resolutions and the State's
mechanisms and policies in preserving and promoting the value of
revolutionary relics in contemporary social life, it is necessary to propose
some solutions and measures to improve the efficiency of the management
of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho
Don such as focusing on building and implementing the master plan;
Promote the exploitation and promotion of monuments’ values on the basis
of tourism development, community tourism, ecotourism and strengthening
the regional cultural linkages in preserving and promoting the value of
monuments; Develop and issue specific mechanisms and policies to


23
increase investment in the conservation and promotion of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments; Preserving and promoting the value of
historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen
and Bac Kan provinces associated with the intangible cultural heritage
value of the Viet Bac cultural region. These are practical solutions that can
help heritage managers to consult and apply in practice the management of
sites, thereby contributing to the local socio-economic development in a
sustainable manner.
7. In the process of approaching the problem of "Management of
historic revolutionary safe zone monuments (through research in Tuyen
Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan)", the plan to select historic

revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan Trao and Dinh Hoa relics Don
Market is reasonable. The management of these monuments complies with
the provisions of the Cultural Heritage Law and the current regulations of
the local authorities of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don monuments.
Achievements and shortcomings in the management of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don are
shown in the content of the thesis that has contributed to the
implementation of the Party's policy in the spirit of the Party's Resolutions.
The management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan
Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don in recent years has clearly shown the Party's
views and resolutions on preserving and promoting the value of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments and serving economic development of
local society and patriotic traditional education, national pride for
generations of Vietnamese people.
8. The thesis has answered the research questions mentioned at the
beginning of the thesis. Give the specific operational roles of the state
management and the community in recent years to see the achievements,
limitations and causes of the limitations. Based on the practical situation,
propose solutions to improve the efficiency of the management of historic
revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang,
Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan.