Preliminary records of biodiversity of fish fauna in the coastal zone of bac lieu province, vietnam

VIETNAM ACADEMY
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(VAST)

INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE
POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT
(IRD)

ISBN: 978-604-913-162-2

BÁO CÁO KHOA HỌC
HỘI THẢO VAST – IRD VỀ KHOA HỌC BIỂN
PROCEEDINGS OF
VAST – IRD SYMPOSIUM ON MARINE SCIENCE
Haiphong – Vietnam, November 28th – 29th, 2013

NHÀ XUẤT BẢN KHOA HỌC TỰ NHIÊN VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ


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BÁO CÁO KHOA HỌC HỘI THẢO VAST-IRD VỀ KHOA HỌC BIỂN

PRELIMINARY RECORDS OF BIODIVERSITY OF FISH FAUNA
IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF BAC LIEU PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Nguyen Xuan Dong
Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science & Technology (VAST)

1. SUMMARY
The project was carried out from 2010 to 2011. There were 82 species,
belonging to 45 families of 14 orders recorded from 300 collected specimens.

Perciformes was the most dominant order with 46 species (56.10% of total
species). Following were the Clupeiformes order with 8 species (9.76%), the
catfish order (Siluriformes) with 7 species (8.54%), the Flounder order
(Pleuronetiformes) with 5 species (6.10%), respectively. The other orders are only
consisted one to three species (in the range of 1.22-3.66%). In total of 82 species,
5 species are listed in the Vietnam Red list (2007) and two others are listed in the
IUCN Red list (2012). Especially, two species listed in the IUCN Red list did not
listed in the Vietnam Red list (2007). These species are Flapnose ray – Rhinoptera
javanica and Ribbontail stingray –Taeniura lymma. Although these two fishes are
still not listed in Vietnam Red list (2007) but they are considered as rare species in
the world. Therefore, they should be suggested to be in the list of the Vietnam
Red List.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Fish fauna, Coastal zone, Bac Lieu province

2. INTRODUCTION
The coastal zone of Bac Lieu province was covered about approximate
4,142 ha. They play a crucial role in economic development and a socio-balanced
ecological environment throughout the region. Mangrove areas are always subject
to the tide regime.
Mangrove ecosystems have very high biodiversity because of their
transitional position between land and sea environments. The amount of humus
rich residue of the mangrove forest provides an abundant food source for many
aquatic animals. It is where many marine species of high economic value such as
shrimp, crab, oysters, clams and fishes, etc. are found.
For nearly two decades, brackish water shrimps and fish aquaculture
developed in the Bac Lieu coastal zone. The massive development of shrimp and
fish farming in mangrove forests is a factor very seriously impacting the
management planning and sustainable exploitation of coastal resources in the Bac
Lieu province, but also results in reduced area and quality of mangrove forests,
altering the environmental soil and water as well as ecological system.

Biodiversity is likely to be rapidly declining due to lack of suitable conditions for
the species to live and breed, the environmental change due to climate, coastal
landslides, sea level rise and ecological imbalance.


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PROCEEDINGS OF VAST-IRD SYMPOSIUM ON MARINE SCIENCE

Until now, we are not found any research to investigate biodiversity in the
Bac Lieu coastal zone. This study aims to provide a preliminary data of
biodiversity of fish fauna to setup database for the next researchs in the Bac Lieu
coastal zone.

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The samples were collected from February, 2010 to January, 2011, with
four surveys along to the Bac Lieu coastal zone (belong to Dong Hai, Hoa Binh
districts and Bac Lieu city). All specimens were collected by normal equipments
of fisherman such as nets, trawl nets, inshore stake trap net, mangrove stake trap
net, dai, etc. Specimens were also collected in local market, ferry for fish, buying
form fisherman, etc.
The specimens were taken photo, short description of shape character and
fixedness with 5-8% formalin.
Specimens were identified and classified (order, family, genus and species),
with reference to Mai Dinh Yen et al. (1992) [1], Nguyen Van Hao (2005) [2],
Rainboth (1996) [3], FAO (1999, 2001) [4, 5], Nguyen Huu Phung (2001) [6],
Nguyen Khac Huong (2000) [7], Nguyen Nhat Thi (2000) [8], etc. List species
was ordered to classified system of Eschmeyer (1998) [9].
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1. The composition of marine fishes in Bac Lieu coastal area
Through four surveys during 2010-2011 in Bac Lieu coastal zone, 82
species of marine fishes were collected and identified which belonged to 45
families of 14 orders in the survey area. Checklist of marine fishes in the Bac Lieu
coastal area is presented in table 1.
Table 1: Checklist of marine fishes collected in the Bac Lieu coastal zone
Surveyed sites and collected time
No.

Scientific names

Dong Hai
1

I

2

Hoa Binh

3

4

*

*

1

2

Bac Lieu

3

4

*

*

1

2

3

4

RAJIFORMES

1

Dasyatidae
1

Taeniura lymma (Forsskål, 1775)

2

Himantura signifer Compagno& Roberts, 1982

2

*
*

Myliobatidae
3

II
3

Rhinoptera javanica Müller &Henle, 1841

*

ELOPIFORMES
Megalopidae

4
4

Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782)

*

*

*

*

*

Elopidae
5

Elops saurus Linnaeus, 1766

*

*

*

*


360

III
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BÁO CÁO KHOA HỌC HỘI THẢO VAST-IRD VỀ KHOA HỌC BIỂN

ANGUILLIFORMES
Muraenesocidae

6
6

Congresox talabon (Cuvier, 1849)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Ophichthidae
7

Pisodonophis boro (Hamilton, 1822)

IV

CLUPEIFORMES

7

Clupeidae

*

*

*

8

Clupeichthys goniognathus Bleeker, 1855

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

9

Clupeoides borneensis Bleeker, 1851

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

10
8

Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822)

*

*

Engraulidae

11

Setipinna taty (Valenciennes, 1848)

*

*

*

*

*

*

12

Coilia mystus Linnaeus, 1775

*

*

*

*

*

*

13

Coilia rebentischii Bleeker, 1858

*

*

*

*

*

*

14

Coilia macrognathos Bleeker, 1852

*

*

*

*

*

15

Coilia reynaldi Valenciennes, 1848

*

*

*

*

*

V

SILURIFORMES

*

*

9
16
10

Mystus wolffii (Bleeker, 1851)

18

Pangasius polyuranodon Bleeker, 1852

Arius caelatus Valenciennes, 1840

20

Arius maculatus (Thunberg, 1791)

21

Osteogeneiosus militaris ( Linnaeus, 1758)

22

Plotosus canius Hamilton, 1822
AULOPIFORMES

13

Synodontidae

23

Harpadon nehereus Hamilton, 1822

VII

BATRACHOIDIFORMES

14

Batrachoididae
Allenbatrachus grunniens (Linnaeus, 1758)

VIII

ATHERINIFORMES

15

Aplocheilidae

25

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*
*

Plotosidae

VI

16

*

Ariidae

19

24

*

Pangasiidae
Pangasius krempfi Fang &Chaux, 1942

12

*

Bagridae

17

11

*

*

Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton, 1922)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Poeciliidae

26

Gambusia affinis (Gaird& Birard,1853)

IX

BELONIFORMES

17

Hemiramphidae

*

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27

Zenarchopterus ectuntio (Hamilton, 1822)

X

SYNBRANCHIFORMES

18

Ophisternon bengalensis McClelland, 1844

XI

SCORPAENIFORMES

19

Platycephalidae

29

Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758)

XII

PERCIFORMES

20

Centropomidae

30

31
22
32
23
33
24

*

*

Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Parambassis wolffii (Bleeker), 1851

*

Terapon jarbua (Forsskăl, 1775)

*

*

*

*

Sillago sihama (Forsskăl, 1775)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Lutjanus russellii (Bleeker, 1849)

37

Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskăl, 1775)

38

Datnioides polota (Hamilton, 1822)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*
*

Gerreidae

39

Gerres filamentosus Cuvier, 1829

40

Gerres limbatus Cuvier, 1830

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Haemulidae

41

Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793)

*

*

*

*

42

Pomadasys hasta (Bloch, 1790)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Sparidae
Acanthpagrus berda (Forskăl, 1775)

*

*

Sciaenidae

44

Boesmania microlepis (Bleeker 1858)

*

45

Nibea soldado (Lacépède 1802)

*

*

*

*

*

*

46

Bahaba taipingensis (Herre, 1932)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Polynemidae

47

Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804)

*

48

Polynemus paradiseus Linnaeus, 1758

*

49

*

Lutijanidae

36

33

*

Leiognathidae

*

32

*

Sillaginidae

*

31

*

Teraponidae

Secutor insidiator (Bloch, 1787)

43

*

Ambassidae

35

30

*

*

*

29

*

*

*

28

*

*

Leiognathus equulus (Forskăl, 1775)

27

*

*

34

26

*

Synbranchidae

28

21

*

Toxotoidae
Toxotes charareus (Hamilton, 1822)
Drepanidae

*

*

*

*

*

*
*


362

50
34
51
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BÁO CÁO KHOA HỌC HỘI THẢO VAST-IRD VỀ KHOA HỌC BIỂN

Drepane punctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Pampus chinensis (Euphrasen, 1788)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Mugillidae
Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758

53

Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836)

54

Liza tade (Forsskăl, 1775)

*

*
*

*

*

*

Eleotridae

55

Eleotris fusca (Schneider & Forster, 1801)

*

56

Butis butis (Hamilton, 1822)

*

57

Ophiocaraporo cephala (Valenciennes, 1837)

*

58

Oxyeleotris siamensis (Gỹnther, 1861)

37

*

Stromateidae

52

36

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Gobiidae

59

Acentrogobius viridipunctatus (Valenciennes,
1837)

*

60

Acentrogobius chlorotigmatoides (Bleeker, 1849)

*

61

Acentrogobius caninus (Valenciennes, 1837)

62

Glossogobius punctatus (Richardson, 1838)

63

Glossogobiu saureus Akihito & Meguro, 1975

64

Pseudogobiopsis oligactis (Bleeker, 1875)

65

Stigmatogobius sadanundio (Hamilton, 1822)

66

Oxuderces dentatus Eydoux&Souleyet, 1850

67

Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier, 1816)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

68

Pseudapocryptes borneensis (Bleeker, 1855)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

69

Boleophthalmus boddarti (Pallas, 1770)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

70

Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Pallas, 1770)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

71

Caragobioides geomys (Fowler, 1935)

72

Taenioides gracilis (Valenciennes, 1837)

*

*

*

*

*

38
73
39
74
40
75

Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1776)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*
*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*
*

*

*

*

*
*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Scombridae
Scomberomorus sinensis (Lacepède, 1800)

Paralichthyidae

77

*

*

*
*

Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier, 1829)

PLEURONETIFORMES

43

*

*
*

*

*

Trichiuridae

41

42

*

Scatophagidae

XIII

76

*

*

Pseudorhombus cinnassoneus (Temminck &
Schlegel, 1846)

*

*

*

*

*

Pleuronectidae
Pleuronectes commersonnii Lacépède,1802

*

*

*

*

*

*

Cynoglossidae

78

Paraplagusia bilineata (Bloch, 1785)

*

79

Cynoglossus bilineatus (Lacépède, 1802)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*
*

*

*

*

*

*


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80

Cynoglossus puncticeps (Richardson, 1846)

VIX

TETRAODONTIFORMES

44

Lagocephalidae

81
45
82

*

Takifugu oblongus (Bloch, 1786)

*

*

*

Tetraodontidae
Chelonodon patpoca (Hamilton, 1822)

*

Total

*

*

35 51 54 60 45 50 53 38 29 30 22 52

Notes: (1): 02/2010; (2): 7/2010; (3): 11/2010; (4): 01/2011

In total of 82 collected species, the Perch-like fish order (Perciformes) is the
most diverse group, with 46 species, accounts for 56.10%. The Herring order
(Clupeiformes) is the second-most diverse group, consisting of 8 species (9.76%
of total species collected). The Catfish order (Siluriformes) has 7 species and
(8.54%). The Flounder order (Pleuronetiformes) consists of 5 species (6.10%).
The Stingray order (Rajiformes) has 3 species (3.66%). Four orders of fish
including Eel order (Anguilliformes), Silverside fishes order (Atheriniformes),
Tarpon order (Elopiformes) and the Pufferfish order (Tetraodontiformes) has only
two species (2.44%). Five other orders of fishes consist of one species (1.22%).
Number of species is presented in table 2 and fig. 1.

Table 2: Number of species, genus, family and their rates
No.

Orders

Family
Qua.

Genus
%

Qua.

Species
%

Qua.

%

1

Rajiformes

2

4.44

3

4.55

3

3.66

2

Elopiformes

2

4.44

2

3.03

2

2.44

3

Anguilliformes

2

4.44

2

3.03

2

2.44

4

Clupeiformes

2

4.44

5

7.58

8

9.76

5

Siluriformes

4

8.89

5

7.58

7

8.54

6

Aulopiformes

1

2.22

1

1.52

1

1.22

7

Batrachoidiformes

1

2.22

1

1.52

1

1.22

8

Atheriniformes

2

4.44

2

3.03

2

2.44

9

Beloniformes

1

2.22

1

1.52

1

1.22

10

Synbranchiformes

1

2.22

1

1.52

1

1.22

11

Scorpaeniformes

1

2.22

1

1.52

1

1.22

12

Perciformes

21

46.67

36

54.55

46

56.10

13

Pleuronetiformes

3

6.67

4

6.06

5

6.10

14

Tetraodontiformes

2
45

4.44
100.00

2
66

3.03
100.00

2

2.44

82

100.00

Total


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Fig. 1: Number of fish species in each order

In terms of family diversity, of the 45 families of fish collected, the most
diverse order of fish is the Perch-like fish order (Perciformes) which consists of
21 families and accounts for 46.67%. The Catfish order (Siluriformes) consists of
4 families and accounts for 8.89%. Other orders of marine fishes consist from 1 2 families, and account for 2.22% - 4.22%.
For genus diversity, 66 genera were recorded, the Perch-like fish order
(Perciformes) is the most diverse consisting of 36 genera and accounts for 54.55%
of total genera. The Herring (Clupeiformes) and the Catfish orders (Siluriformes),
each consists of five genera (7.58%). The Flounder order (Pleuronectiformes) has
four genera (6.06%). The Stingray order (Rajiformes) has three genera (4.55%).

The other orders vary from 1 – 2 genera in each one (1.52% – 3.03%).

4.2. Rare fish species recorded in the coastal area of the Bac Lieu
province
82 species of fishes were recorded and collected in the coastal area of the
Bac Lieu province. Five of these are listed in the Vietnam Red List (2007) [10]
and two others are listed in the IUCN Red List species of threatened fishes [11].
The list of rare fish species and the category of their threat is presented in table 3.


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Table 3: List of rare fish species recorded in Bac Lieu coastal zone
No.

Scientific names

Vietnam Red list 2007

IUCN Red list 2012

1

Rhinoptera javanica Müller &Henle, 1841

VU

2

Taeniura lymma (Forsskål, 1775)

NT

3

Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782)

VU

4

Elops saurus Linnaeus, 1766

VU

5

Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822)

VU

6

Datnioides polota (Hamilton, 1822)

VU

7

Toxotes charareus (Hamilton, 1822)

VU

Notes: VU – Vulnerable; NT: Near threatened

Two of the seven recorded rare fish are listed in the IUCN Red List of
threatened species, but not listed in the Vietnam Red list (2007). These are the
Flapnose ray – Rhinoptera javanica and Ribbontail stingray –Taeniura lymma.
Although these two fishes still be not listed in Vietnam Red list (2007) they are
the rare species in the world. They should be suggested as rare species in the Red
list of Vietnam.

5. CONCLUSIONS
82 species of marine fishes were found belonging to 45 families of 14 orders
in the Bac Lieu coastal area. In the total 82 species, the most diverse is the Perchlike fish order (Perciformes), with 46 species, accounts for 56.10% of total
species. The Herring order (Clupeiformes) is the second-most diverse group,
consisting of 8 species (9.76%). The Catfish order (Siluriformes) has 7 species
and (8.54%). The Flounder order (Pleuronetiformes) consists of 5 species
(6.10%). Other orders have number species vary 1-3 species (1.22-3.66%).
In total of 82 recorded species, five of these are listed in Vietnam Red List
(2007) and two others are listed in the IUCN Red List species of threatened fishes.
Two species are listed in the IUCN Red List of threatened species, but not
listed in the Vietnam Red list (2007). They are the Flapnose ray – Rhinoptera
javanica and Ribbontail stingray –Taeniura lymma. They should be suggested as
rare species in the Red list of Vietnam.
Acknowledgements: I would like to express my heart and thankfulness to
the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit - Bac Lieu (GTZ – Bac
Lieu MCE) to support the finance to performance project. Thankfulness Mr. Phan

Van Hoang, coordinator of MCE and Miss Ngo Minh Hang, MCE’s officer in
Bac Lieu city. Thankfulness the Forest Protection Department’s staffs in Hoa
Binh District, fishermen, local traders enthusiastically supported in the survey
and collection of samples in the coastal zone of Bac Lieu province. I also would
like to thank Management for ITB who helped me in all time of this study.


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6. REFERENCES
1.

Mai Dinh Yen, Nguyen Van Trong, Nguyen Van Thien, Hua Bach Loan, Le Hoang Yen (1992). Taxonomy
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Technics Publishing house, Hanoi: 350 pp.

2.

Nguyen Van Hao (2005). Freshwater fishes of Vietnam (Cá nước ngọt Việt Nam), Volume 2+3.
Agriculture publishing house, Hanoi,1516 pp.

3.

Rainboth W. J. (1996). Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nation, Rome: 310 pp.

4.

Kent E. C., Volker H. Niem (1999). FAO species identification guide for fishery purpose-The living marine
resources of the Western Central Pacific, 3+4: 1368-2790.

5.

Kent E. C., Volker H. Niem (2001). FAO species identification guide for fishery purpose-The living marine
resources of the Western Central Pacific, 5+6: 2791-4067.

6.

Nguyen Huu Phung (2001). Fauna of Vietnam, Volume 10. Science and Technics Publishing house,
Hanoi, 330 pp.

7.

Nguyen Khac Huong (2000). Fauna of Vietnam (Động vật chí Việt Nam), Volume 12. Science and
Technics Publishing house, Hanoi, 324 pp.

8.

Nguyen Nhat Thi (2000) Fauna of Vietnam (Động vật chí Việt Nam), Volume 2. Science and Technics
Publishing house, Hanoi, 184 pp.

9.

Eschemeyer (1998). Catalog Fish. California Academy of Sciences, Volume III: 1811-2443.

10. Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (2007). Vietnam Red
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11. />