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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

PHAM UYEN THY

PERSONALITIES OF OFFENDERS
IN HO CHI MINH CITY

Major: Criminology and Crime prevention
Code: 9.38.01.05

SUMMARY OF LAW PHD THESIS

HA NOI, 2019


The work was completed at
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

Scientific Supervisor: Prof. PhD. Ho Trong Ngu

Reviewer 1: Prof. PhD. Bui Minh Thanh
Reviewer 2: Assoc. Prof. PhD. Dong Dai Loc
Reviewer 3: Prof. PhD. Tran Van Do

The dissertation will be defended before the thesis review council
of the Academy at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences at
hour

minute, day month year.

The thesis can be found at:
- National Library of Vietnam
- Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences.


INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale of the thesis
Studying the causes of crimes by analyzing the personalities
of offenders will help the State make appropriate legal policies in
time to reduce conflicts in society, to introduce appropriate social
precautionary measures. This is to help the fight against crime
achieve sustainable results, serving as a social basis to reduce crime
rate while ensuring the goal of economic development and stable
politics, especially in big cities that play a key role in the national
economy.
Theoretically, the personal characteristics of the offender is a
topic that many branches of science are concerned. At present, there
are many synchronous measures used to prevent the increase of
crime, including measures affecting the personalities of offenders.
Research on the personal characteristics of offenders point out the
process of forming negative personal characteristics of the offenders,
show the process of forming the causes and conditions of crime. In
addition, it also reveal how the changes in the offender's personal
characteristics change the causes and conditions of crime. Hence,
classify each personal characteristic to build systems of preventive
measures base on each crime group, each target group from the
perspective of the offender's personal characteristic.
Practically, Ho Chi Minh City is big socio-political center of
the country, the head of economic activities of the country, with an
area of 2,095.06 km², with 19 urban districts and 5 suburban districts.

According to the General Statistics Office of 2016, Ho Chi Minh
City's population is about 9,224,000, but based on the number of
unregistered and immigrant population, there are more than 14
million people, the density of population is 3,809 people/km². The
population in Ho Chi Minh City is unevenly distributed, concentrated
mainly in urban districts. As a center of socio-economic activities,
Ho Chi Minh City has always been given priority by the State with
many socio-economic development policies and guidelines, which is
1


the basis for Ho Chi Minh City to call for sources of investment,
which is also a source of jobs for people. In recent years, with the
rapid development of the economy, people’s quality of life has been
increasingly improved. However, along with the of economic
achievements, Ho Chi Minh City is facing a series of social
problems, for example the increasing number of crimes and its
complexity. A group of people with difficult life having no job or
unstable job; the gap between rich and poor and the intrusion of toxic
culture, pragmatic lifestyles, increasing social issues... are making the
situation of social order and security very complicated, creating
favorable conditions for crime in Ho Chi Minh City.
However, research into the personal characteristics of the
offenders in Ho Chi Minh City is only limited to an individual level,
while the fight against crime require group level research and higher.
This is to be aware of the cause of the criminal situation and propose
solutions to prevent crime in the most effective way and hoping to
contribute to reducing the crime rate. For the aforementioned reason,
the author chose the topic "Personalities of offenders in Ho Chi Minh
City", to be the topic of the doctoral thesis, majoring in Criminology

and Crime prevention.
2. Purpose and tasks of the thesis
2.1. Research purpose
The thesis aims to clarify the theoretical and practical issues
of personalities of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City, thereby clearly
indicating the reality of negative personal characteristics of offenders
in the area and any negative social phenomena in the socio-economic
life having impact on forming the personalities of offenders. Through
the above situation, the thesis proposes solutions to prevent crime by
limiting, overcoming and eliminating negative phenomena affecting
the formation of negative personal characteristics of offenders in Ho
Chi Minh City in the future.

2


2.2. Research mission
For the above research purposes, the thesis has the following
research tasks:
- Getting an overview of domestic and foreign research works
on personalities of offenders to identify inheritance, acquisition
issues and issues that need further study and clarification in the
thesis.
- Systematizing and analyzing the theoretical issues related to
the research topic such as human personality, the personality of the
offender, the personal characteristics of the offender to be the
theoretical and methodological basis for the thesis.
- Surveying and assessing the reality of personal
characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City, indicating which
negative characteristics affect the formation of negative personal

characteristics of the offenders in Ho Chi Minh City.
- Proposing measures to effectively prevent crime in Ho Chi
Minh City from the perspective of the offender's personalities.
3. Subject and scope of the thesis research
3.1. Research subjects
The subject of the thesis is the theoretical and practical issues
of offenders’ personalities in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2009
- 2018.
3.2. Research scope
The thesis studies theoretical issues of offenders’ personalities
in terms of criminology and crime prevention based on the reality of
crime situation in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2009 - 2018
with two crime groups: drug-related crimes and possession offenses,
as these account for a high proportion (75.61%) of the total criminal
cases in Ho Chi Minh City.
4. Methodology and research methods
4.1. Methodology

3


The dissertation is based on the methodology of Marxist Leninist and Ho Chi Minh Thought, perspective, guidelines and
policies of the Party and State in the fight against crime.
4.2. Research methods
Statistical method; Case study method; Comparative method;
Professional method; Methods of sociological investigation.
5. New scientific contributions of the thesis
The thesis is an intensive, systematic and comprehensive
research on "Personality of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City" in terms
of criminology and crime prevention. New points of the thesis:

First, the thesis uses interdisciplinary approach to solve the
key issues of the thesis, especially the legal philosophy approach;
crime psychology combined with specific research methods to
analyze and assess the personal characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi
Minh City;
Second, analyzing to make clear about the characteristics of
the offenders in Ho Chi Minh City while taking into account the
criminal geography at the same time (Personalities of the offenders'
in relation to population, culture, customs, traditions, lifestyles,...).
Third, analyzing the impacts from the environment of family,
school, friends ... in forming negative personal characteristics of
offenders in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2009 - 2018;
Fourth, point out the differences of personal characteristics of
offenders in different crime groups in Ho Chi Minh City;
Fifth, proposing solutions to enhance crime prevention in Ho
Chi Minh City from the perspective of personlities of offender.
6. Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis
The results of the thesis have important implications in terms
of theory and practice in crime prevention in general and crime
prevention in Ho Chi Minh City in particular.
6.1. Theoretical meaning
- Based on the analysis to clarify the theory of the offender's
personality and practice of crime in Ho Chi Minh City, the thesis
4


contributes to the addition of criminological science and crime
prevention in general as well as the theory of personal characteristics
of the offenders.
- The thesis acts as a work that contributes to adding an

approach generalizing the practical study of general offenders'
personalities into crime prevention theory.
6.2. Practical significance
The solutions proposed in this thesis will be valuable
documents for the competent authorities to refer, research and apply
to improve the effectiveness of crime prevention and activities to
fight against crime in Ho Chi Minh city.
The research results in the thesis contribute to supplementing
references in research and learning of law training institutions and
will contribute to supplementing and completing the theory of
personalities of offenders.
7. The structure of the thesis
Apart from the introduction, conclusion, list of references and
appendices, the thesis includes 4 chapters:
Chapter 1. Literature review
Chapter 2. Basic theoretical issues regarding the offender's
personality
Chapter 3. Reality and negative phenomena affecting the
formation of personality of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City
Chapter 4. Forecast and solutions to crime prevention in Ho
Chi Minh City from the aspect of personality of offender.
Chapter 1:
LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1. Research abroad
1.1.1. Research on the theoretical issues of offenders'
personalities.
1.1.2. Research on the reality of offenders' personalities.

5

1.1.3. Research on measures to enhance prevention of
criminal from the aspect of offenders' personalities.
1.2. Domestic studies
1.2.1. Research on the theoretical issues of offenders'
personalities.
1.2.2. Research on practical issues about offenders'
personalities.
1.2.3. Research on crime prevention solutions from the aspect
of offenders' personalities.
1.3. Value and shortcoming of related research
Firstly, the research does mention offenders' personalities in
terms of criminology and crime prevention to study the offenders'
personalities in relation to issues such as the crime situation, causes
and conditions of crimes, measures to prevent crimes in general and
in some other localities in particular.
Secondly, the studies have analyzed the contents and signs of
the offenders' personalities, evaluated the meaning of studying
offenders' personalities in many different sciences.
Thirdly, there are many important issues related to the
offenders' personalities that have not been addressed in depth, such
as: the mechanism of forming criminal acts, the mechanism of
forming negative personalities of offenders; solutions to overcome
the effects of negative phenomena, negative social on the process to
form offenders' personalities...
1.4. The issues that need to be further studied in the thesis
1.4.1. Issues raised on theory, practice and solutions
In addition to the contents agreed upon above, which will be
inherited in the thesis, the thesis needs to address the following
contents:

First, research to clarify theoretical issues on the personalities
of offenders, drawing the meaning of researching on offenders'
personalities, classifying offenders' personalities; clarifying and
indicating the characteristics of offenders' personalities including
6


what negative characteristics and social phenomena affecting the
personalities of offenders.
Second, based on the theory of offenders' personalities in
general and studies of offenders' personalities in other areas, it
clarifies the reality of personal characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi
Minh City in the year of 2009 - 2018;
Third, from the reality of personal characteristics of offenders
in Ho Chi Minh City, by sociological survey, the author points out
which negative social phenomena in social life and belongs to
offenders impact on forming negative personal characteristics in the
offenders that promote the criminal acts.
Fourth, from the results of theoretical research and practical
research and the reality of offenders' personalities in Ho Chi Minh
City, the basis of negative factors affecting the formation of negative
personal characteristics that promote crimes, the author proposes
solutions to prevent crimes in Ho Chi Minh City.
1.4.2. Research question
- Clarifying the theoretical issues about the offenders'
personalities?
- Types of offenders' personalities?
- Reality of offenders' personalities in Ho Chi Minh City from
2009 to 2018.
- Are there any negative social phenomena affecting the

formation of offenders' personalities in Ho Chi Minh City from 20092018?
- In the coming time, how will the situation and negative
phenomena impact on the formation of offenders' personalities in Ho
Chi Minh City be?
- What are the characteristics of offenders' personalities in Ho
Chi Minh City?
- With such personal characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi
Minh City, what solutions are suitable to the criminal geography to
prevent the crime today?
7


1.4.3. Research hypotheses
On researching the topic, the author's offers some hypotheses
as follows:
- The offenders' personalities in Ho Chi Minh City in the
period of 2009-2018 has some of the following characteristics:
Criminals are mainly men, but in drug-related crimes, the gap
between the number of female and male is not big, there is a gender
gap between men and women relating to possession offence; ages 18
to 45, have no stable jobs, low levels of education; the majority are
people without working habits, disorted desires and hobbies;
generally have criminal records, recidivism, dangerous recidivism ...
- Researching and analyzing the reality of negative
phenomena affecting the process of forming offenders' personalities,
studying the phenomena in terms of habitat: culture, economy,
society, family, school... the negative phenomena from the offenders
themselves such as: legal awareness, interests, needs... thereby
applying effective preventive measures.
- From the practice of theoretical and practical research on the

offenders' personalities in Ho Chi Minh City, the author proposes a
number of optimal preventive measures, consistent with the reality,
contributing to limiting the crime situation in Ho Chi Minh City
including solutions to eliminate negative factors affecting the process
of forming the personal characteristics of offenders.
Conclusion of chapter 1
CHAPTER 2:
THEORETICAL ISSUES ABOUT THE OFFENDERS'
PERSONALITIES
2.1. Concepts, characteristics and research meanings of
offenders' personalities
2.1.1. Concept of human personalities and offenders'
personalities

8


From the above analysis, it is possible to understand: Human
personalities is a combination of signs and characteristics of each
person that reflect his or her social relationship, including: social
signs, demographic, gender, occupation; psychological characteristics
such as: needs, interests, habits, reason, emotions ... and other
characteristics, signs, social relationships.
From the above analysis, the offenders' personalities can be
defined as follows: The offenders' personalities is a combination of
characteristics and signs showing the social nature of the person who
committed the crime.
2.1.2. Characteristics of the offender's personal identity
- Social - demographic characteristics;
- Social - psychological characteristics;

- Social - legal characteristics.
In order to identify the characteristics of offenders, we must
clarify the theoretical basis of the above three groups of
characteristics of offenders.
2.2. Negative social phenomena impact on the process of
forming offenders.
2.2.1. Negative social phenomena relating to the habitat
Habitat is an important factor including many factors
affecting the formation of the personaities of offenders. Negative
social phenomena depending on the living environment such as:
location, culture, education, economy... individuals living in that
environment interact to form negative personal characteristics. This is
explained as follows.
2.2.1.1. Negative phenomena from the natural - geographical
environment
Studying negative factors from the natural and geographical
environment in Ho Chi Minh City affecting the formation of negative
personal characteristics in offenders can propose specific preventive
measures particularly for Ho Chi Minh City.

9


2.2.1.2. Negative social phenomena from the family
environment
The family plays a very important role in forming and
developing the personality of every individual. Family is the central
unit responsible for the individual's initial socialization. Family is a
home that will help members stabilize their thoughts and alleviate the
losses and sadness that occur in daily life. In fact, basically, family

performed well in building the original personality for each
individual. But there are still families that reveal weaknesses and
shortcomings that affect other family members.
2.2.1.3. Negative social phenomena of the school environment
2.2.1.4. Negative social phenomena in the fields of politics socio-economy
2.2.1.5. Negative social phenomena of culture, moral thought
2.2.1.6. Negative phenomena in management
2.2.2. Negative phenomena of the offender
2.2.2.1. Deviations in needs and in ways that satisfy needs
2.2.2.2. Deviations in personal preferences
2.2.2.3. Deviations in individual legal awareness
2.3. The meaning of studying offenders' personalities
2.3.1. Studying offenders' personalities creates a basis to
identify the causes and conditions of crime
2.3.2. Studying offenders' personalities creates a basis for
building measures to educate and renovate offenders.
2.3.3. Studying offenders' personalities is important in crime
prediction and crime prevention
Conclusion of chapter 2

10


CHAPTER 3
THE REALITY AND NEGATIVE PHENOMENA IMPACTING
THE FORMATION OF OFFENDERS’ PERSONALITIES IN
HO CHI MINH CITY
3.1. The reality of crime in Ho Chi Minh City
3.1.1. Reality (extent) of crime in Ho Chi Minh City
The situation (extent) of the crime situation in Ho Chi Minh

City in the period of 2009 - 2018 is determined by the total number
of crimes and the number of people committing crimes in Ho Chi
Minh City. period 2009 - 2018. Crime is reviewed including both
clear and hidden crimes.
Occupying the highest number of convictions in Ho Chi Minh
City compared to other crime groups are possession offenses and
drug offenses, the two typical crime groups, which account for the
highest proportion, and are also very In Ho Chi Minh City, the author
focused on studying the identities of offenders on these two crime
groups. The reality of the crime of possession and drug offenses in
Ho Chi Minh City in the period of 2009-2018 is determined through
all criminal offenses in Ho Chi Minh City in the period 2009 -2018
with the number of cases discovered and dealt with through two-level
trial by Ho Chi Minh City People's Court (clear crime).
Table 3.1. Reality (extent) of crime in Ho Chi Minh City in the
period of 2009 – 2018
Total
Year

Total

number of number of
criminal

Property
offence

Drug offence

Other offences

offenders Cases Offender Cases Offender Cases Offende

cases

s

s

rs

2009

5113

5203

1704

1715

2219

2224

1280

1264

2010

5267

5397

1856

1873

2187

2198

1354

1326

2011

5472

5516

1876

1906

2378

2386

1262

1224

2012

5712

5962

1883

1899

2287

2292

1792

1771

11


2013

5979

6037

2506

2556

1987

1993

1994

1488

2014

6222

6189

2156

2182

2276

2278

1757

1729

2015

6041

6108

2457

2472

2731

2748

920

888

2016

6422

6598

2453

2459

2039

2045

2106

2094

2017

6782

7099

2541

2545

2897

2903

1661

1651

2018

6799

7105

2589

2601

3002

3017

1514

1487

59.609

61.214

Tota
l

21.57
1

22.208

24.00
3

24.084

15.64
0

15.922

(Source: The people’s court of Ho Chi Minh city)
3.1.2. Movement of crime situation in Ho Chi Minh city
Table 3.2. Numbers of offenders in Ho Chi Minh city in the
period of 2008 – 2017

Year

Offences in

Property

general

offence

Numbe Percent

Number

Percent
age

Drug offences
Number

Percen
tage

Others
Number

Percent

r

age

2009

5203

100

1715

100

2224

100

1264

100

2010

5397

103,72

1873

105,28

2198

94.,57

1326

103,59

2011

5516

106,01

1906

107,13

2386

102,66

1224

98,59

2012

5962

114,58

1899

106,74

2292

98,62

1771

140

2013

6037

116,02

2556

143,67

1993

85,75

1488

155,78

2014

6189

118,95

2182

122,65

2278

98,02

1729

137,26

2015

6108

117,39

2472

138,95

2748

118,24

888

71,87

2016

6598

126,81

2459

138,22

2045

87,99

2094

164,53

2017

7099

136,44

2545

143,05

2903

124,91

1651

129,76

2018

7105

136,55

2601

146,20

3017

129,81

1487

118,28

Total

61.214

-

22.208

Percent 100%

-

36,27

24.084
12

39,34

age

15.922
-

25,59

-


3.1.3. Structure of crime in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of
2008 - 2017

3.1.3.1. Structure by offence
* Drug-related offence
* Property offence
* Other offences
3.1.3.2. Structure by crime classification
Structure by type of crime: less serious offenses, serious
offenses, very serious offenses, particularly serious offenses
according to the Criminal Code.
3.1.3.3. Structure by methods
According to statistics of the Ho Chi Minh City People's
Procuracy, cases of accomplice account for 40%, especially property
robbery, intentionally causing injury, stealing property, causing
public disorder disorder has an accomplice rate of over 75%.
According to the statistics of Ho Chi Minh City Police, in the
period of 2009 - 2018, offenders have used crime, tools and means

accounting for a high proportion, with 90% of the total number of
cases. In particular, most of the tools and means used to commit
crimes are motorbikes, cars, mobile phones....
Analysis of the structure of the above-mentioned crimes not
only has a meaning in orienting and laying out effective ways to
prevent crimes, but also makes sense and is a foundation for criminal
identification. and decide the punishment fairly, accurately and
objectively, ensuring the right handling of the right people, the right
crime, and the law.
A study of the case files shows that many offenders have a
criminal record or a criminal record of using violence to commit a
crime.
3.2. Reality of offenders’ personalities in Ho Chi Minh
City
3.2.1. Reality of offenders’ personalities considering social demographic characteristics
13


* Age: In fact, when considering the correlation between
different age groups among offenders in general, the proportion of
offenders aged 18-25 years accounts for the highest percentage
(54.5%), followed by the group of offenders aged 25 to under 45
(31.6%) and the group of juvenile offenders (aged 14-18 years) with
the proportion of 13 , 5%; in the last place are those who are 45 years
and older (0.06%). The group of offenders aged 18-25 years commit
the most crime.
* Gender: Among 61.214 offenders in Ho Chi Minh City,
44.584 were male, accounting for 75.75% and 16.630 were female,
accounting for 22.28% .
- Drug offenders: Out of 24,084 defendants tried for drug

offenses, 14,913 defendants are male and 9,171 are female. Male
drug offenders account for a high rate of 54%, while female offenders
account for only 46%. Regarding the age, the group of offenders aged
under 18 accounts for 7.98%; 18 years old to 30 years old accounts
for 38.20% and over 30 accounts for 58.48%. Thus, the group of
offenders aged over 30 years old accounts for the highest proportion
and remains quite stable for 10 years from 2009 to 2018 (with an
average of 77.68% for the whole period), notably the percentage is
signifcantly increased in 2017 and 2018.
- Property offenders: Of the total of 22.208 defendants
charged with property offence, there are 17,001 male and 5,207
female defendants, with male accounts for 82, 1%, higher than
female accounting only for 17.9%.
* Education: Based on the Ho Chi Minh City Court database
and the number of research convictions, the results of the
characteristics of the educational level of the offenders in Ho Chi
Minh City are as follows:

14


Table 3.3. Structure by education of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City in
the period of 2009 – 2018
Property
offence
No.

Drug offence

Others

Total

Level
Numb
er

%

Numb
er

%

Numb
er

%

er

%

9176 15,59

1

Illiterate - Primary 4.144 18,66 4462 18,53 1098

2

Secondary - High 14.024 63,15 16.959 70,42 12.673 79,6 42.984 70,22

3

Graduate

4

Postgraduate
Total

3.508 15,8
528

2,38

2.263 9,40 1385
397

1,65

764

6,9

Numb

8,7

7.015 11,46

4,8

1.665 2,72

22.208 100 24.084 100 15.922 100 61.214 100
(Source: Ho Chi Minh City People's Court)

* Occupation and social status: Studies on occupation of
offenders in Ho Chi Minh City show that: Among 61,214 defendants
tried by the Ho Chi Minh City People's Court between 2009 and
2018: 43.6% were unskilled workers, 17.7% were freelance workers,
10.1% were other jobs and 28.7% were unemployed. The subjects
who are unskilled workers account for the highest crime rate (43.6%)
and other occupations have the lowest rate (10.1%).
f) Family background: Out of 61,214 offenders tried during
the 2009-2018 period, 31,978 people (accounting for 54.3%) lived in
families with economic difficulties and had 3 children or more; there
were 11,371 people (accounting for 19.3%) having family with
divorced parents, imprisoned parent and must live with siblings,
grandparents from an early age; 9873 people (accounting for 16.8%)
came from complicated families, and relatives in the family had
criminal and criminal records (of which most of them had criminal
records related to drug offences); 5636 people (accounting for 9.57%)
15


living in families that lack attention, care, and education for their
children.

3.2.2. Reality of offenders’ personalities in terms of moral psychological features.
* Reality of moral - psychological characteristics of the
offenders' personalities based on their needs - interests
* Reality of moral - psychological characteristics of the
offenders' personalities based on their motives.
3.2.3. Criminal legal characteristics
Studying 250 randomly selected convictions, including 100
ones on drug offenses and 100 ones on property offences, gives a
result of recidivism and dangerous recidivism.
Among 58,858 people who committed crimes in Ho Chi Minh
City in the period of 2009 - 2018: 61,214 people had criminal records
and recidivism, accounting for 89.13%.
3.3. Reality of negative social phenomena affecting the
formation of personalities of drug offenders and property
offenders in Ho Chi Minh City
According to figures of the Ho Chi Minh City People's Court
and the cases tried, some personal characteristics of drug offenders
and property offenders in Ho Chi Minh City are pointed out to be the
basis to indicate the negative social phenomena affecting the
formation of negative identities and explain why those negative traits
are formed in offenders.
3.3.1. Reality of negative social phenomena in the living
environment
a) Reality of negative social phenomena in the living
backgrounds
After studying case files, the results show that in Ho Chi
Minh City from 2008 to 2017, the negative phenomena arising from
the family environment formed the identities of drug offenders and
property offenders are as follows:

16


* Family lacks of care and attention for children: Survey
results of 537 criminal offenders who are serving imprisonment
penalties at Chi Hoa prison show that there are 233 prisoners with
divorced parents, accounting for 43.3%; 75 prisoners with father or
mother died, making up 13.9% and 103 people with a parent working
away from home accounting for 19.1%.
* Family educates children not in the wrong way: Survey
results on 538 prisoners at Chi Hoa prison show that: 249 prisoners
asuming "only need to finish high school and go to work to earn
money" accounts for 46.2%, 115 prisoners say that their families
want "to go to work abroad to have more money" accounts for
21.3%; there are 78 inmates who state that their families have the
opinion that “they cannot go to university, they must get ocational
training to get a job” accounting for 14.4% and 51 of them said that
their families have the opinion that “they need to go to university to
ensure life".
* Incomplete family: The number of defendants living in
families without father, mothers or both is quite high (15.18%).
* Complex family, having criminal records: The number of
defendants living in complicated and irresponsible in raising children
families accounts for 31.68%.
* Unhappy family, members often fight and insult each other;
families with difficult economic situation: Survey results show that
261 prisoners said "their families are not happy, members often fight,
families with difficult economic condition", accounting for 48.5% of
the total prisoners living in families without sufficient care and
education, mainly because the offenders come from families with

many children, unfavorable economic conditions and unhappy
families.
b) Reality of negative social phenomena relating to the school
environment
* The school has not focused on ethical education, legal and
life skills: According to statistical results from criminal cases in the
17


period of 2009 - 2018 in Ho Chi Minh City, there are defendants who
are under 18 years old, and up to 24.74% of children commit crimes
when they no longer go to school, dropped out of school in their
hometown.
*The weak management of school, the increase of school
violence: The educational environment and school discipline have
been seriously violated. This has affected children in gradually
building up some bad characteristics and habits, such as depression
and pessimism; being afraid to study, to go to school; hatred for the
people who bullied them.
c) Reality of negative social phenomena belonging to the
socio-economic-political environment
- In socio-economic aspect
- In cultural aspect
3.3.2 Reality of negative social phenomena relating to drug
offenders and property offenders themselves
In addition to the objective factors, the formation of the
offender's personal characteristics also depends on the characteristics
of the offenders themselves, such as physical and psychological
traits, hobbies, lifestyles, point of view.
a) Deviations in the demand-satisfying method

A study of 200 criminal convictions of the People's Court of
Ho Chi Minh City shows that, wrongful hobbies such as gathering
with bad friends, playing games, drinking alcohol, drugs, games and
gambling are the root cause of the defendants' crime.
b) Deviations in personal preferences
In a normal person’s thoughts, there always exist material
needs, but for adults, they are aware that to satisfy needs, they need to
work to get something in return and they are aware of what is
allowed and not allowed in society.
c) Deviations in legal consciousness
The case studies in Ho Chi Minh City show that the ethical
issues of a part of offenders are seriously degraded; there are families
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for profits from drugs, they are willing to draw other members into
commiting crime.
Conclusion of chapter 3
CHAPTER 4
FORECAST AND SOLUTIONS TO CRIME PREVENTION IN
HO CHI MINH CITY FROM THE ASPECT OF
PERSONALITY OF OFFENDER.
4.1. Forecast of trends of factors affecting the formation of
personal characteristics of offenders in Ho Chi Minh City
4.1.1. Scientific basis of forecasting
Predicting the fluctuation of factors affecting the offender's
identity in Ho Chi Minh City is to point out the changing tendencies
of factors affecting the offender's identity, thereby clarify how the
change has impact on the identity of the offender in Ho Chi Minh
City.

4.1.2. Forecast of socio-economic and political changes of
Ho Chi Minh City
4.1.2.1. Forecast of socio-economic and political changes of
Ho Chi Minh City
4.1.2.2. Predict fluctuations in the family environment
4.2. Solutions to eliminate negative phenomena from living
environment
Negative phenomena from the living environment affect the
formation of negative personal characteristics in offenders. These
solutions aim to eliminate and limit the negative social phenomena
affecting the formation of negative personalities of drug offenders
and property offenders existing in the living environment in Ho Chi
Minh City.
4.2.1. Solutions in family environment
4.2.2. Solutions in school environment
4.2.3. Solutions in economic environment
4.2.4. Solutions in social and cultural environment
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4.3. Measures to overcome, gradually eliminate negative
phenomena from drug and property offenders’ personalities in
Ho Chi Minh City
4.3.1. Solutions to improve the effectiveness of law
propaganda activities to influence the people's legal awareness
Promote and improve the effectiveness of legal propaganda,
education and law dissemination for all strata of the locality. To
renovate and diversify the forms of propaganda and law
dissemination, without organizing conferences for propaganda in the
form of a theory. Pay attention and increase education propaganda to

overcome bad habits and preferences for juvenile offenders. To apply
preventive education-impacting measures to minors, it is necessary to
increase education propaganda to overcome bad habits and
preferences. Assigning families, unions and other agencies with an
educational responsibility to help them have a good sense of behavior
and to integrate into the community early.
4.3.2. The solution affects bad habits and hobbies of
negative personalities
From the results of practical research, it is shown that the
personality of drug and property offenders comes from hobbies,
needs and methods to satisfy wrongful needs, so it is necessary to
have measures to prevent these negative social phenomena.
4.3.3 Solutions to improve the effectiveness of prisoners’
rehabilitation
Stemming from the characteristics of prisoners' rehabilitation
activities, to improve the effectiveness of these, it is necessary to
perform the following tasks well:
a) Determining factors affecting psychology, personality and
efficiency of the process of rehabilitating prisoners:
b) Clearly identify the objectives of educating offenders

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4.3.4. Solutions to enhance the effectiveness of community
reintegration activities
Detecting and handling administrative and criminal violations
in accordance with the extent of each act of participating in social
evils to punish and educate them to prevent them from recommiting.
4.3.5. Solutions to strengthen social management, state

management of security and order in Ho Chi Minh City
Firstly, mobilize the power of the political system in
preventing and combating crimes.
Second, focus on strengthening and improving the
effectiveness of social preventive measures.
Thirdly, step by step improve the crime prevention and
fighting capacity of law enforcement agencies and specialized forces.
Fourthly, continue to improve the system of policies and laws
on crime prevention.
Fifthly, proactively and actively expand foreign relations and
strengthen international cooperation on crime prevention and
fighting
Based on the analysis of the forecast of fluctuations in Ho Chi
Minh City affecting the formation of negative characteristics of the
offenders' personalities, the graduate student proposes a system of
solutions. legal measures to prevent crime in the city in recent years.
In order to reduce the situation of crimes, many measures should be
synchronized and coordinated among agencies in the crime
prevention.
Conclusion of chapter 4
CONCLUSION
Ho Chi Minh City is a major center of economics, culture,
education, science and technology, a focal point of international
exchange and integration, a locomotive, a motivator and a great
attraction of Southern key economic region, having important
political position of the whole country. Therefore, the number of
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people outside the province as well as foreigners entering the city is

increasing in number and for various purposes. Taking advantage of
the open door policy to attract foreign investment, develop tourism ...
many foreigners who enter the city commit crimes. Therefore, crime
prevention is an important part of the task of protecting national
security and maintaining order in the city. Therefore, the autor
selected the topic "Personality of the offender in Ho Chi Minh City"
as her thesis. With the above research results, the thesis has solved
the following problems:
First, the thesis clarifies the rationale and situation of studies
related to the offenders' personality specifically developed in chapter
1, including research, analysis, and clarification of the results
achieved, and the shortcomings, limitations and research gaps that the
author continues to develop in her thesis.
Second, the thesis has analyzed and clarified the basic theoretical
issues on the offenders' personality in general, based on that
generalizing and drawing out the concept of drug and property
offenders' personality. From that, the meaning of the study of the
offenders' personality is drawn.
The study of theoretical issues about the offenders'
personality has great significance in directing the research on the
offenders' personality in Ho Chi Minh City. From the above
theoretical issues, the author compares and evaluates with the points
which need to be implemented in the area. Through studying and
researching theoretical issues, from the common points as well as the
points that are still inconsistent, the author sheds light on the
following theoretical issues:
Firstly, the PhD student analyzed and clarified the theoretical
issues about the offenders' personality, in which introduced the
concept: “The drug and property offenders' personality is a total of
socially significant signs and characteristics, in combination with

external conditions and factors, lead to criminal acts ”. Based on the
concept of the personality of drug and property offendersthe author
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has identified the research subjects, scope and basic theoretical
background.
Those also show the dialectical relationship between biological
factors and social factors in the offenders' personality. Through
theoretical research, the author has drawn three basic characteristics
of the offender: Social - demographic characteristics; ethical psychological characteristics and criminal legal characteristics.
On the basis of the theory of offenders' personality, the author
investigates and identifies negative social phenomena that influence
the offenders' personality identity of offenders and cause crime
commitment. From here, we can find out the reasons of forming drug
and property offenders’personality. There are two groups of causes
that lead to such crimes: objective social phenomena and subjective
phenomena belonging to the environment of the offenders.
Analyzing the theoretical issues on drug and property
offenders’ personality would be a basis for the author to assess
specific characteristics of the reality of drug and property offenders’
personality in Ho Chi Minh city. From these characteristics, the
author will buil up effective measures to prevent crime in Ho Chi
Minh City in the upcoming period.
In the thesis, the author has pointed out the causes and
conditions of crime from the aspect of the offender's personal
characteristics; identified two important issues of the thesis are the
personal characteristics of offenders involved in the mechanism of
forming specific criminal acts and pointed out the whole system of
negative social phenomena affecting the process of forming

personality of drug offenders and property offenders.
Third, the thesis has clarified biological characteristics such
as gender, age; social demographic characteristics; family living
environment and school .... employment as well as economic
conditions, deviations in needs, interests as well as methods of
satisfying needs,...

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