li thuyet on thi vao 10

Ôn thi vào lớp 10-
Direct speech and Indirect speech (Câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp)
I Lý thuyết:
Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần tuân theo những quy tắc sau:
- Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai ta có thể tường thuật lại câu nói mà không thay
đổi về thì của động từ
Eg 1: Tom says, “I will never get maried” (Direct speech)
-> Tom says that he will never get maried. (Indirect speech)
- Nếu động từ trong câu trực tiếp có thời gian xác định hoặc nói về các sự việc bất biến ta có thể tường
thuật lại câu nói mà không thay đổi về thì của động từ
Eg 2: He said: “I was born in 1980”. (Direct speech)
 He said (that) he was born in 1980. (Indirect speech)
- Nếu động từ tường thuật ở quá khứ thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp phải thay đổi về thì của động từ, các
từ cụm từ chỉ thời gian nơi chốn và đại từ cho phù hợp
Eg 3: “I will go to Ha noi tomorrow”, Hoa said (Direct speech)
 Hoa said (that) she would go to Ha noi the next day (Indirect speech)
1. Changing tenses (Thay đổi thì của động từ)
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Present simple ( thì HTĐ)
She said: “ I write the letter”.
Past simple ( thìQKD)
She said that she wrote the letter.
Present continuous ( thì HT TD)
She said: “I’m writing the letter”.
Past continuous ( thì QK TD)
She said that she was writing the letter.
Present perfect (thì HTHT)
She said: “I have written the letter”.
Past perfect ( th× qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh)
She said that she had written the letter.
Past simple ( thì QKD)

She said: “I wrote the letteer”.
Past perfect ( thì QKHT)
She said that she had written the letter.
Past continuous ( thì QK TD)
She said: “I was writing the letter”.
Past perfect continuous(thì QKHTTD)
She said that she had been writing the letter.
Past perfect ( thì QKHT)
She said: “I had written the letter”
Past perfect ( thì QKHT)
She said that she had written the letter.
Future simple (thì tương lai đơn)
She said: “I will write the letter”.
Would + Verb (infinitive)
She said that she would write the letter.
Is/ Are/ Am going to +…….. Was/ Were going to +……….
Can+Verb Could + Verb
May + Verb Might + Verb
Must/ Have to + Verb Had to + Verb
Could/ should/ might/ had better Could/ should/ might/ had better
2. Changing time and place (Thay đổi thời gian nơi chốn)
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
this that
these those
now then
here there
today that day
tonight that night
tomorrow the next day/ the following day
yesterday the day before/ the previous day

last night the night before
next week/ month… the following week/ month……the next week/ month..
two days ago two days before/ earlier
3. Changing pronouns.(Thay đổi đại từ)
Các đại từ , tính từ sở hữu thường đổi từ ngôi thứ nhất, ngôi thứ hai sang ngôi thứ ba tùy theo chủ
ngữ tường thuật là gì
A. STATEMENTS (Câu trần thuật):
S + V(tường thuật) +(that) + S + V…
Example: “I haven’t been there for years,” she said. (Direct speech)
-> She said that she hadn’t been there for years. (Indirect speech)
B. QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi)
a. Yes- No questions
- Cần thay đổi động từ tường thuật: Say/ Tell -> Ask/ Wonder/ Want to know….
S + V(tường thuật) + (O) +If/ whether + S + V
Eg : “Do you like English?” he said
-> He asked me if I liked English.
Eg: “Did you go to school yesterday, Lan?” he said.
-> He wanted to know whether Lan had gone to school the day before
b. WH- questions
S + V (tường thuật) + (O) + WH- word + S + V
Eg : He asked me: “where do you live?”
-> He asked me where I lived.
II. BÀI TẬP
EXERCISE 1: Chuyển những câu sau sang câu gián tiếp
1. “ I have something to show you,” I said to her. -> I told her…………………
2. “They are building a new hospital in the village,” said the Mayor. -> The Mayor said …………
3. “My car was stolen a few week ago,” Peter said. -> Peter said…………….
4. “I’m not enjoying my job very much,” Ms Black said. -> Ms Black said…………
5. “My boss arrived late last night,” he said -> He said…………………
6. “You shouldn’t stay up late,” he said. -> He said……………

7. Mary said: “I cannot go to the movie with you, John” -> Mary told John……………
8. “I don’t like cartoon,” Lan says. -> Lan says……………
9. “Where did you go last weekend?” they asked. -> They asked me…………
10. “Can I see you tomorrow, Pat?” asked Linda. -> Linda asked Pat……………
11. “What exam did you take?” he asked -> He asked me………………
12. “Are you willing to work on Saturdays?” -> She asked me………………
13. “Why do you want the job?” -> She wanted to know……………
14. He said, “What is happening? -> He asked me…………………
15. “Where have you been all morning, Ali” asked his mother. -> Ali’s mother asked him………...
16. “Why didn’t he come to school?” asked Michelle. -> Michelle wanted to know……………
17. “Did they arrive on time?” asked Sally. -> Sally asked………………
18. I asked Bill, “What time did you go to bed last night?” -> I asked Bill…………….
EXERCISE 2: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. He said he……………..at the “Ritz” Hotel.
A.is staying B. has stayed C. was staying D. will stay
2. He asked me where I…………….
A. have studied B. study C. am studying D. studied
4. He wondered if she lived…………….with her parents.
A. here B. there C. in there D. in here
5. He said he would see me……………..
A. the following week B. following week
C. week following D. the week following
6. They wondered………………she would come if it rained.
A. what B. who C. whether D. then
8. Victor said he………….very busy.
A. is B. will be C. was D. may be
9. I asked Hoa if she……………… Chinese.
A. could speak B. speaks C. can speak D. has spoken
10. Tina asked me how long I……………..a teacher.
A. have been B. had been C. am D. will be

11. She asked me…………….I liked pop music.
A. if B. whether C. that D. A&B
12. The students asked if I was going to teach them physics………………
A. the next day B. next day C. day next D. the day next
EXERCISE 3: Tìm lỗi sai trong các câu sau:
1. Tom said he can’t come to our party on Friday.
A B C D
2. He asked me if I can speak more slowly.
A B C D
3. Tom asked me weather I could go with him.
A B C D
4. She said she would go to Canada next day.
A B C D
5. He asked me if it is raining.
A B C D
6. They wanted to know who did I travel with the previous night.
A B C D