Summary of biological doctrine thesis: Research on the fish fauna of the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river basin in Vietnam

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
AND TRAINING

VIETNAM ACADEMY
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

GRADUATE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

NGUYEN VAN GIANG

RESEARCH ON THE FISH FAUNA OF THE BANG GIANG – KY
CUNG RIVER BASIN IN VIETNAM

SUMMARY OF BIOLOGICAL DOCTRINE THESIS

HA NOI – 2018


The work was completed at: Graduate University Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology

Supervisors

1: Assoc.Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Duc

Supervisors

2: Dr. Nguyen Kim Son

Reviewer 1:
Reviewer 2:
Reviewer 3:

The thesis will be protected before the examination of PhD thesis at the
Academy, meeting at the Graduate University Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology at ... hour .... ', Date ... month
... 2018

The thesis can be found at:
- Library of the Graduate University Science and Technology
- National Library of Vietnam


1

INTRODUCTION
1. The urgency of the thesis
Annually, the river basin of Ky Cung - Bang Giang provide important fisheries
to the people of Lang Son and Cao Bang, provides the main source of protein from
fish in the daily meals in each family. Though, So far no work has systematically
studied the fish fauna here. Besides that, the conservation of rare genetic resources
and biodiversity in the Bang Giang - Ky Cung River is a common concern of all
levels and sectors. However, in recent decades the Bang Giang - Ky Cung River has
been subjected to the strong influence of socio-economic activities: mineral
exploitation, domestic waste, industrial activities, increased use of chemical
fertilizers, pesticides polluting water resources, affecting the lives of fish and aquatic
species. Many species of economic value, rare species are rapidly reduced in the
number of strains, reducing biodiversity. Therefore, research into biodiversity
resources of fish species, assess the status of exploitation and adverse activities on
fish resources, contributing to the development of scientific basis for proposing
solutions to protect, use rational and sustainable development of fish resources of the
system. The Bang Giang - Ky Cung river system is urgent. On that basis, contributing
to the education and construction of animals in the country. Provide updated data, the

latest species composition, distribution characteristics, the status of resources, species
need conservation, so that local authorities refer to the development of biodiversity
protection plan. In general, fish in particular contribute to the overall development of
the locality.
Stemming from the above reasons, I chose the project “Research on the fish
fauna of the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river basin in Vietnam”
2. Objectives of the research
Identification of species composition, ichthyofaunistic diversity of Bang Giang
– Ky Cung river basin.
Cataloguing of fish species according to types of populated aquatic ecosystems
and habitats, distribution characteristics, determining the geographic distribution of
Bang Giang - Ky Cung fishery.
Investigation and assessment of the status of resources and fisheries in the
study area. Proposing some measures to protect and exploit rational fish resources in
the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river system, thus building the scientific basis for the
sustainable use and development of fish resources.
3. Main research contents of the thesis
Study on biodiversity composition of fish species in the Bang Giang - Ky Cung
river system.
Analysis of geographic distribution, distribution by aquatic ecology of fish
species in the study area.
Characteristics, properties zoogeography of the Cao Bang and Lang Son fish
fauna for the freshwater fish fauna of Vietnam.


2

Assessment of the status of resources, demand for use, situation of exploitation
of people in the study area, serving for the management, protect fish resources,
measures for conservation of fish resources and development of fisheries resources in

the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river system.
CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW
1.1. Freshwater fish study
1.1.1. History study of freshwater fish fauna of Vietnam
1.1.2. Brief history of the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river fish fauna
The first research in Cao Bang - Lang Son fishery was Vailant E., (1891,
1904), collected and classified 6 species and described 4 new species in Lai Chau,
recorded 5 fish species in Lang Son. Chevey P. (1930, 1932, 1936, 1937) studied the
composition of freshwater fish species in northern Vietnam including the fish fauna.
In 1978, in his book "The freshwater fishes of North Vietnam" Mai Dinh Yen
recorded fish fauna Cao Bang - Lang Son has 56 species belonging to 13 families 47
genara 5 orders.
Works "Freshwater fish of Vietnam" volume 1 of Nguyen Van Hao and Ngo Si
Van (2001) and "Freshwater fish of Vietnam", Volume 2, Volume 3 of Nguyen Van
Hao (2005), recorded 101 fish species belonging to 69 genera in Cao Bang - Lang
Son belong to 18 families and 5 orders.
In 2005, Nguyen Kiem Son conducted a survey on "fish fauna in Cao Bang
province. The result found 54 fish species belonging to 42 genera, 15 families and 5
orders.
In 2005, Ngo Sy Van, Pham Anh Tuan announced the fish fauna of two
provinces Cao Bang - Lang Son has quite diverse species composition of 107 species
of 74 varieties 22 families and 7 orders.
In China, there are studies on the composition of fish species: fish fauna of the
China Guangdong and Guangxi fish. The total number of species recorded in
Guangxi province is 290 species of fish, of which Tay Giang river borders Vietnam
receiving water from Bang Giang river - Ky Cung has recorded 125 species. In recent
years, the Guangxi fish fauna has recorded new species of fish: Acrossocheilus
malacopterus, Rectoris longibarbus and has recorded with distribution in Vietnam.
Thien Quang Huynh and I-Shiung Chen (2013), announced Opsariichthys
duchuunguyeni from the Bang Giang - Ky Cung River in Cao Bang - Lang Son

province, northeastern Vietnam.
Nguyen Van Hao, Vu Thi Hong Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Dieu Phuong (2015),
describe three new fish species belonging to Silurus Linnaeus, 1758, (Siluridae,
Siluriformes) found in northern provinces of Vietnam: Silurus caobangensis and
Silurus langsonensis.
As a result, there are 7 researches on the fish fauna of the Bang Giang - Ky
Cung river basin. The results show that there are 172 species belonging to 93 genera,
23 families and 7 orders.


3

1.2. Overview of the natural and social characteristics of the study area
1.2.1. Natural features of the study area
1.2.1.1. Geographical location
The Bang Giang - Ky Cung river system is located northeast of Vietnam in Cao
Bang and Lang Son provinces. The area is 11,220 km2.
1.2.1.2. Morphological characteristics and topography
The Bang Giang - Ky Cung river system is located in the lower part of the
surrounding area, commonly known as the Cao - Lang low trough. Surrounding the
northwest, west and southwest are the highest mountain ranges in the Northeast, with
the highest peak being Pia Oac (1930 m). The Southeast is lowland with the highest
peak is Mau Son peaks 1541 m, Ba Xa 1166 m. In the North Pole, the highest peaks
are from 900 to over 1000 m.
In terms of river basin morphology, the Bang River has higher elevation and
basin slope than the Ky Cung River. The main river is also straight than the Ky Cung
River, the average width of the basin is smaller than the Ky Cung River. However,
the characteristics of the low trough is clearly shown
1.2.1.3. Climate characteristics
The location of the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river basin is relatively hidden for

the summer monsoon and directly welcomes the cold winter winds so it is dry and
less rain, and the rainfall increases gradually from the Southeast to the Northwest.
Also due to the location of hidden basins, deep in the continent that the rainfall
caused by the storm is low; Lang Son is 246mm / year and Cao Bang is 140mm /
year. Due to the strong influence of the winter wind and the obscurity of the sea, the
rainfall is reduced in the region, the shortest rainy season in the North.
1.2.1.4. Hydrological regime
Bang Giang river basin: The average density of rivers and streams in Cao
Bang province is 0.5 - 1.0 km / km2. Flood season from June to September every
year, peak flood in August, water volume in the flood season accounted for 70-80%.
In contrast, the dry season lasts eight months, the water in the season accounts for 20
- 30%.
Ky Cung river basin: The density of rivers and streams in Lang Son province
is relatively high, the average density of rivers and streams is between 0.6 - 1.2 km /
km2 compared to the average density of the whole country ( 0.6 km / km2). Divided
into two seasons: The flood season is concentrated in June to September each year,
the water volume this season accounts for 66 - 80% of the total water volume in the
year. Dry season lasts for eight months, but water volume accounts for 20 - 34% of
the annual flow.
1.2.2. Socio-economic characteristics
Cao Bang: Natural land area of 6,700,26km2. The population in Cao Bang is
522.4 thousand people, with a population density of 79.08 people / km2, Cao Bang's
economy is still underdeveloped. There are 28 ethnic groups in the province, 42.54%
of which are Tay majority; Nung ethnic group accounts for 32.86%; Dao ethnic


4

group accounts for 9.63%; H'mong ethnic group accounted for 8.45%; Kinh majority
accounts for 4.68%; The population of San Chay is 1.23%; Lo Lo group accounts for

0.39%; Hoa ethnic group accounts for 0.033%; Ngai ethnic group accounted for
0.013%; other ethnic groups account for 0.18%. The economic structure is mainly
agricultural, while the area of cultivated land is limited, most of the crops are food
and production is monoculture.
Lang Son: is a poor province with a land area of 8.310.09 km2. In 2016, there
are 767.7 thousand inhabitants in Lang Son. The population density is 92.5 persons /
km2. East (84.74% of the total population of the province). It is a place of coexistence
of many ethnic groups, of which the Nung is 43.9%, the Tay 35.3%, the Kinh 15.3%,
the majority in the towns and towns; Dao, 3.5%, Hoa, San Chay, Mong and other
ethnic groups make up 1.4%.
CHAPTER 2. LOCATION, TIME, MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
2.1. Location and time
The study was conducted in the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river basin. Field study
period from March 2012 to December 2016. In the 17 districts of 40 communes, the
total number of field days is 188 days. Analysis of specimens was conducted at
Research Institute for Aquaculture No1, Bac Ninh; Laboratory, Museum of Nature
Vietnam. Specimens are kept at the Vietnam Museum of Nature.
2.2. Materials Research
All of the specimens we collected were analyzed and classified during the
implementation period of 1270 samples. Field Diary: Record of interview data for
interviews with local people.
Scientific documents: Use all the materials listed in the reference list, scientific
works by domestic and foreign authors have been published related to the topic.
2.3. Research Methods
2.3.1. Field research methods.
Selection methods of the study: Sampling points were covering the entire
basin study, from small streams to major rivers, tributaries, ponds, lakes and fields.
Sampling points represent each area, basin, typical for each water area and
habitat of fishes: mountainous and delta areas with strong and fast flowing water;
slow flowing water, static water, covered vegetation, open air, limestone mountains,

mountainous areas.
Collect fish sample: At each site, we investigated the number of species that
could be encountered. Sample processing: Temporarily imaged for imaging, then
transferred to a formalin format with a concentration of 8-10%, accompanied by a
generic name card, local name, time and place of sample collection. , the name of the
collector.
Interview: Investigated, people involved in regular and irregular fishing in the
study area. Observation, landscape photography, recording of phenomena, events
related to research content during the field.


5

Ecological methods of fish distribution in studied areas: According to Dang
Ngoc Thanh (2007)
2.3.2. Methods of research in the laboratory
Fish classification method: Morphological characteristics analysis according
to Pravdin I.F (1961).
Methods of classifying according to the principles of the Mayr animal
classification. E (1969) and Nguyen Ngoc Chau's classification and nomenclature
(2007). About taxonomy, we follow Eschmeyer. W. N. (1998); Identify the species
name Froese R. & Pauly D. follow (www.fishbase.org, version 06/2017).
Main documents used in the classification: Mai Dinh Yen (1978, 1979, 1992);
Nguyen Van Hao (2001, 2005); Kottelat (2001a, 2001b); Rainboth (1996); Chen
Yong Gui and Lu Zhao Fa (2005); Yue P. Q. (2000); Zhang Chun Guang (2005).
The method to determine the proximity of fish fauna
Using the formula of Sorencen (1948), S = 2C/(A + B)
Data processing methods: Use Excel, and Access Pass 3.0
Method of determining the geographical factors animals: According to Mai
Dinh Yen (1973) and Nguyen Huu Duc (1995)

CHAPTER 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Species composition and structure of fish fauna Bang Giang – Ky Cung river
basin
3.1.1. List of fish species in Bang Giang - Ky Cung river basin
Through analysis and identification of 1270 fish samples collected during field
surveys in the study area, during the period from 2012 to 2017, identified 124 species
of fish, 71genara, 18 families and 5 orders.
Synthesize the list of species of previous authors in the study area, look up and
compare, correct each name, the name of the taxon species Froese and D. Pauly
(www.fishbase.org, version 06 / 2017), classified classification system according to
Eschmeyer WN (1998). The results were identified in the study area of 202 species of
99 genera, 24 families and 8 orders (Table 3. 1).


6

Table 3. 1. Composition of fish species in Bang Giang – Ky Cung river basin
(Sort by system Eschmeyer, 1998)
Number of species known

4

5

IUCN

3

Ministry of
Agriculture

2

Species conservation
Red book
VN

1

Study area

N0 of
samples

North

I
(1)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

13
14
15
16
17
18
19

Scientific name

Vietnam

N0

Species recorded

Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
Opsariichthys bidens Günther, 1873
Opsariichthys duchuunguyeni Huynh & Chen, 2014 Ꚛ
Opsariichthys sp.
Opsarius pulchellus (Smith, 1931)
Nicholsicypris normalis (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Zacco platypus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
Rasbora steineri (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Rasbora aurotaenia Tirant, 1885
Rasbora trilineata Steindachner, 1866
Pseudorasbora sp.
Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846)
Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) * ⸫

Ochetobius elongatus (Kner, 1867)
Luciobrama macrocephalus (Lacepede, 1803)
Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson, 1846)
Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson, 1844)
Pseudolaubuca sinensis Bleeker, 1864
Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855) *
Toxabramis houdemeri Pellegrin, 1932

35
30
20
12
5
1
1
5
30
17

+

+

+

+

+
+
+

LC
NE
NE
LC
NE
NE
LC
LC
LC

+

+

+

+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+

+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+

+

+
+
+
+

+
+
+

+

+
VU
+

+
+

VU

NE
DD
NE
LC
DD
DD
DD
LC
LC
LC


7
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47

Pseudohemiculter dispar (Peters, 1881)
Pseudohemiculter pacboensis Nguyen, 2001 Ꚛ
Pseudohemiculter hainanensis (Boulenger, 1900)
Hainania serrata Koller, 1927
Megalobrama mantschuricus (Basilewsky, 1855)
Sinibrama macrops Gunther, 1868
Sinibrama affinis (Vaillant, 1892) Θ
Sinibrama melrosei (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Ancherythroculter lini Luo, 1994
Ancherythroculter daovantieni Banarescu, 1967 Θ
Culter recurvirostris Sauvage, 1884
Chanodichthys erythropterus (Basilewsky, 1855)

Chanodichthys mongolicus (Basilewsky, 1855)
Rasborinus lineatus (Pellegrin, 1907)
Xenocypris davidi Bleeker, 1871
Xenocypris microlepis Bleeker, 1871
Hypophthalmichthys harmandi Sauvage, 1884
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix(Valenciennes, 1844) * ⸫
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) * ⸫
Hemibarbus macracanthus Lu, Luo & Chen, 1977 *
Hemibarbus medius Yue, 1995 *
Hemibarbus umbrifer (Lin, 1931)
Sarcocheilichthys parvus Nichols, 1930
Sarcocheilichthys kiangsiensis Nichols, 1930
Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis (Günther, 1873)
Sarcocheilichthys caobangensis Ngu. & Ngo, 2001 Ꚛ
Squalidus atromaculatus (Nichols & Pope, 1927) *
Squalidus chankaensis Dybowski, 1872

14
8
12
18
7
6
15
1
1
1
30
35
7

5
4
15
30

+

+
+

+

+
+

+

+
+
+
+

+

+

+
+
+
+

+

+

+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+

+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+

NE
DD

DD
LC
LC
LC

+

NE
LC

+
+
+

DD
NT
DD
DD
NE
LC
LC

+
+
+
+
+

+
+

+
+

+
+
+
+

+
+
+

+

+

VU
NE
LC
DD
NE
LC
LC
DD

+
+
+
+
+

+
+

NE
NE
NE
LC
NE


8
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66

67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75

Squalidus argentatus (Sau. & Dab., 1874) *
Abbottina binhi Nguyen, 2001 Θ
Abbottina sp.
Microphysogobio labeoides (Nichols & Pope, 1927) *
Microphysogobio kachekensis (Oshima, 1926)
Microphysogobio vietnamica Mai, 1978 Θ
Microphysogobio yunnanensis (Yao -Yang, 1977)
Pseudogobio guilinensis Yao & Yang, 1977
Pseudogobio banggiangensis Nguyen, 2001 Ꚛ
Saurogobio immaculatus Koller, 1927
Saurogobio dabryi Bleeker, 1871
Gobiobotia kolleri Banarescu & Nalbant, 1966
Gobiobotia meridionalis Chen & Cao, 1977
Acheilognathus imfasciodorsalis Nguyen, 2001 Θ
Acheilognathus fasciodorsalis Nguyen, 2001 Θ
Acheilognathus tonkinensis (Vaillant, 1892)
Acheilognathus macropterus (Bleeker)
Acheilognathus lamensis Nguyen, 1983 Θ
Acheilognathus meridianus Wu, 1939
Rhodeus ocellatus (Kner, 1867)

Rhodeus spinalis Oshima, 1926
Rhodeus elongatus (Mai, 1978) Θ
Parator zonatus (Lin, 1935)
Folifer brevifilis (Peters, 1881)
Paraspinibarbus macracanthus(Pel. & Chev., 1936)
Spinibarbus babeensisNguyen, 2001 Θ
Spinibarbus caldwelli (Nichols, 1925)
Spinibarbus hollandi Oshima, 1919

23
5
4
8
12
15
20
5
8
4
15
17
5
2
2
10

+
+
+
+

+

+
+
+
+

+

+

+
+
+
+
+

+

DD
DD
DD
DD
LC
DD
DD
DD

+

+
+
+
+

+

+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+

+
+
+

+

+
+

+

+

+
+
+

+

NE
DD
DD
NE
NE

+
+

DD
DD
DD
DD
DD

LC
DD
NE

+

+
+

+

NE
DD

+

+

+
+
+

VU
+
+

VU

VU

DD
DD
DD
DD
DD


9
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97

98
99
100
101
102
103

Spinibarbus denticulatus (Oshima, 1926) *
Spinibarbus sp.
Barbodes semifasciolatus (Günther, 1868)
Neolissocheilus benasi (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
Acrossocheilus iridescens (Nichols & Pope, 1927) *
Acrossocheilus krempfi (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
Acrossocheilus elongatus (Pel. & Chev., 1934)
Acrossocheilus macroquadatus (Mai, 1978) Θ
Acrossocheilus malacopterus Zhang, 2005
Acrossocheilus clivosius (Lin, 1935)
Acrossocheilus sp.
Onychostoma ovale Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936
Onychostoma gerlachi (Peters, 1881) *
Onychostoma simum (Sau. & Dab., 1874)
Onychostoma laticeps Günther, 1896 *
Onychostoma leptura (Boulenger, 1900) *
Luciocyprinus langsoni Vaillant, 1904
Rectoris posehensis Lin, 1935
Rectoris mutabilis (Lin, 1933)
Rectoris longibarbus Zhu, Zhang & Lan, 2012
Ptychidio jordani Myers, 1930
Ptychidio sp.
Vietnamia remtua Nguyen, Ngo & Nguyen, 2016 Ꚛ

Vietnamia sp.
Semilabeo notabilis Peters, 1881 *
Semilabeo obscurus Lin, 1981
Bangana tonkinensis (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934)
Labeo pierrei (Sauvage, 1880)

20
5
5
30
35
10
7
5
14
15
5
5
3
5
2
2
7
2
23
30
1

+

+

+

+

+
+

+
+

+

+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+

+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+

LC
DD
LC
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD
DD

+

+

+

+
+
+
+
+

+

+
+

+

+

+
+
+

DD
DD
NT
DD
VU
CR

+

+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+

+
+

+

+

+
+
+
+
+

VU

+

VU

NE
DD
VU
NE
NE
NE
CR
DD
DD
DD
DD
LC
VU
VU


10
104
105
106
107
108
109
110

111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
(2)

Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) * ⸫
Cirrhinus molitorella (Valenciennes, 1844)
Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822) * ⸫
Metzia formosae (Oshima, 1920)
Osteochilus salsburyi Nichols & Pope, 1927 *
Garra orientalis Nichols, 1925
Garra pingi Tchang, 1929

123
124

Leptobotia elongata (Bleeker, 1870)
Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758

125
126

Cobitis sinensis Sauvage & Dabry, 1874
Sinibotia pulchra (Wu, 1939)
Misgurnus tonkinensis Rendahl, 1937 Θ
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cantor, 1842 *
Balitoridae
Vanmanenia caobangensis Nguyen, 2005 Θ

127
128
(3)
129

Garra caudofasciata (Pellegrin vµ Chevey, 1936)
Discogobio microstomus (Mai, 1978) Θ
Discogobio tetrabarbatus Lin, 1931
Discogobio caobangi Nguyen, 2001 Ꚛ
Discogobio pacboensis Nguyen, 2001 Ꚛ
Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) *
Carassioides cantonensis (Heincke, 1892)
Procypris mera Lin, 1933
Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 *
Cyprinus hyperdorsalis Nguyen, 1991 Θ
Cyprinus exophthalmus Mai, 1978 Θ
Cyprinus rubrofuscus Lacepede, 1803
Cobitidae

1
1
1

27
35
18
16
4
19
5
5
30

+

+
+

+
+
+

+
+
+

+
+

+
+
+

+

+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+

+

+
+

+
+

LC
DD
LC
LC
LC

+

+

+
EW

+

+

+
+
+
+
+

+

+

+

+
+
+

LC
NT
LC
LC
LC

+
+
+

3
3
10
-

+

+
+
+
+

NE
NE
LC
LC

DD
VU
DD
DD
LC
VU
LC
LC

+

DD
NE
LC
DD


11
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
(4)
137
138
139
140

141
142
143
144
II
(5)
145
III
(6)
146
147
148
149
150
151
152

Vanmanenia ventrosquamata (Mai, 1978) Θ
Balitora lancangjiangensis (Zheng,1980)
Balitora kwangsiensis (Fang, 1930)
Balitora brucei Gray, 1830
Sinogastromyzon rugocauda Mai, 1978
Sinogastromyzon cf puliensis Liang, 1974
Beaufortia leveretti (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Nemacheilidae
Schistura fasciolata (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Schistura caudofurca (Mai, 1978)
Schistura incerta (Nichols, 1931)
Schistura chapaensis (Rendahl, 1944)
Schistura sp1.

Schistura sp2.
Traccatichthys taeniatus (Pel. & Che., 1936)
Traccatichthys pulcher (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Characiformes
Characidae
Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) * ⸫
Siluriformes
Bagridae
Pelteobagrus intermedius Nichols & Pope, 1927
Pelteobagrus vachelii (Richardson, 1846)
Tachysurus fulvidraco (Richardson, 1846)
Tachysurus virgatus (Oshima, 1926)
Pseudobagrus crassilabris (Günther, 1864)
Hemibagrus pluriradiatus (Vaillant, 1892) *
Hemibagrus guttatus (Lacepède, 1803) *

4
3

+
+
+

+
+
+
+

5
8

+

+

+

+

+

+
+

+

+
+

+
+

DD
LC
DD
DD
DD
DD
LC
LC

+
+

+
+

+

+

+

1

5
10
3
9

DD
VU
DD

+

5
8
5
25

+
+

DD
LC
LC
NT

+

+

+

+
+

+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+

NE

LC
DD
+

+

LC
DD

+
+
+

NE
LC
DD

VU

VU


12
153
154
155
(7)

Hemibagrus dongbacensis Nguyen, 2005 Θ

156
157
158
(8)

3
-

+

Cranoglanis bouderius (Richardson, 1846)
Cranoglanis henrici (Vaillant, 1893)
Cranoglanis caolangensis Nguyen, 2005 Θ
Siluridae

7

+

159
160
161
162
163
(9)

Silurus asotus Linnaeus, 1758 *
Silurus meridionalis Chen, 1977 *

Silurus langsonensis Nguyen, Vu & Nguyen, 2015 Θ
Silurus caobangensis Nguyen, Vu & Nguyen, 2015 Θ
Pterocryptis cochinchinensis (Valenciennes, 1840) *
Sisoridae

20
32

164
165
166
167
(10)
168
169
170
IV
(11)

Bagarius rutilus Ng & Kottelat, 2000
Glyptothorax honghensis Li, 1984
Glyptothorax hainanensis (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Glyptothorax interspinalus (Mai, 1978)
Clariidae
Clarias fuscus (Lacepede, 1803)
Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) * ⸫

1

171

172
V
(12)

Hemibagrus vietnamicus Mai, 1978 Θ
Hemibagrus hongus Mai, 1978
Cranoglanididae

Clarias sp.
Osmeriformes
Salangidae
Salanx chinensis (Osbeck, 1765)
Salanx ariakensis Kishinouye, 1902
Cyprinodontiformes
Aplocheilidae

+
+

+

+
+
+
+

VU
LC
NE

+

+

+
+
+
+
+

LC
LC
DD
DD
LC

+
+

+
+
+

+
+

5
3
-

+
+

VU
+

+
+

+

+
+

9

-

EN

+

4
5
7

10
1

EN

+
+

+

5
-

+

+
+

+
+
+

+
+

DD
DD
DD

VU

DD
DD
NE

NT
LC
LC

+

DD

DD
NE


13
173
(13)
174
175
VI
(14)
176

Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton, 1822)
Poeciliidae
Gambusia affinis (Gaird & Birard, 1853) ⸫
Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1860 ⸫
Beloniformes
Adrianichthyidae
Oryzias latipes (Temm. & Schl., 1846)

177

VII
(15)

Oryzias sinensis Chen, Uwa & Chu, 1989
Synbranchiformes
Synbranchidae

178
(16)

Monopterus albus (Zuiew, 1793) *
Mastacembelidae

5

+

+

+

+

+

LC

179
180
181

VIII
(17)
182
183
184
185
186

Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepède, 1800) *
Mastacembelus aculeatus Basilewsky, 1855
Sinobdella sinensis (Bleeker, 1870)
Perciformes
Percichthyidae
Siniperca kwangsiensis Fang & Chong, 1932

19
-

+

+

+

+
+

+

+

+

+

LC
NE
LC

+

+
+

(18)
187
188
(19)
189
(20)

Siniperca scherzeri Steidanchner, 1892
Siniperca chuatsi(Basilewsky, 1855)
Siniperca vietnamensis Mai, 1978
Coreoperca whiteheadi Boulenger, 1900 *
Cichlidae
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) * ⸫
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) * ⸫
Eleotridae
Eleotris fusca (Forster, 1801)

Odontobutidae

-

+

+

-

+

+
+

-

17
32

LC
+
+

LC
NE

+

NE

+

+

LC

+

+
+

+
+

+
+

5
5

+
+

-

+

+

DD

DD
NE
DD

+

LC

+
+

NE
NT
LC


14
190
191
192
(21)
193
194
195
196
(22)
197
(23)
198
(24)

199
200
201
202

Sineleotris chalmersi (Nichols & Pope, 1927)
Sineleotris namxamensis Chen & Kottelat, 2004
Neodontobutis tonkinensis (Mai, 1978)
Gobiidae

5

Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822)
Rhinogobius giurinus (Rutter, 1897)
Rhinogobius leavelli (Herre, 1935)
Rhinogobius brunneus (Tem. & Sch., 1845)
Anabantidae

8
3
6
4

Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)
Osphronemidae
Macropodus opercularis(Linnaeus, 1758)
Channidae
Channa orientalis Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Channa maculata (Lacepède, 1801) *
Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822)

Channa striata (Bloch, 1793)
Total

+

+

3
3

+
+
+
+
+

+

+

+

+

5

+

+

+

3

+

+

+

5
6
4
1270

+
+

+

LC
DD
DD

+
+

+
+
+

+

LC
LC
LC
DD

+

DD

+

LC

+

NE
+

+
56

+
101

+
107

54

+
+
+
124

4

4

+

EN

EN

32

9

9

LC
LC
LC
202

Note:
1 – Mai Dinh Yen (1978); 2 – Nguyen Van Hao (2001, 2005); 3 – Ngo Sy Van (2005a); 4 – Nguyen Kiem Son (2005b); 5 – Author
(2017); (*) - Species of economic value; (⸫) - Species imported and raised; (Θ) – Species endemic to the North; (Ꚛ) – Species

endemic to the study area; (-) – Species previously recorded in the study area were not collected; Red book of Vietnam; IUCN;
Species on the list of endangered precious and rare aquatic species in Vietnam should be protected, rehabilitated and developed.
Ministry of Agriculture
(NE – Not Evaluated; LC – Least Concern; DD – Data Deficient; NT – Near Threatened; VU – Vulnerable; EN – Endangered; CR –
Critically Endangered; EW – Extinct in the Wild).


15

3.1.2. Comment on nomenclature and classification
To get the list of species on the corrected taxon name, author name or location
of 53 species classification 16 varieties
3.1.3. Diversified fish species composition of Bang Giang - Ky Cung river basin
Diversified species of Bang Giang River - Ky Cung River, presented in Table
3.2.
Table 3.2. Structural component of fish in Bang Giang – Ky Cung river basin
Families
Genara
Species
N0
Order
0
0
0
N
%
N
%
N
%

1
Beloniformes
1
4,17
1
1,01
2
0,99
2
Characiformes
1
4,17
1
1,01
1
0,50
3
Cypriniformes
4
16,67 69
69,70 144
71,29
4
Cyprinodontiformes
2
8,33
3
3,03
3
1,49

5
Osmeriformes
1
4,17
1
1,01
2
0,99
6
Perciformes
8
33,33 11
11,11
21
10,40
7
Siluriformes
5
20,83 10
10,10
25
12,38
8
Synbranchiformes
2
8,33
3
3,03
4
1,98

Total
24
100
99
100
202
100
Order: Among them, Perciformes is the most family diversity with 8 families,
accounting for 33.33%; followed by the Siluriformes with 5 families, accounting for
20.83%; Cypriniformes have 5 families, accounting for 16.67%; Synbranchiformes
and Cyprinodontiformes have two families, accounting for 8.33%; There are 3 order
of fish with only one family: Characiformes, Beloniformes and Osmeriformes
accounting for 4.17% (Table 3.2).
Families: Carp (Cyprinidae) has the largest number of varieties with 59
varieties, accounting for 59.60%; 3 families have 4 varieties: Balitoridae, Cobitidae,
Bagridae, accounting for 4.04%; 8 families have 2 varieties: the Gobiidae, the
Mastacembelidae, the Nemacheilidae, the Odotobutidae, the Percichthidae, the
Poeciliidae, the fish family the Siluridae and Sisoridae, accounting for 2.02%; 12
families have 1 variety, accounting for 1.01%.
Genara: 99 varieties of fish have 52 varieties of multi-species, from 2 to 7
species, accounting for 52.53% and 47 species of single species, accounting for
47.47%. 01 variety have the highest number of species with 07 species is
Acrossocheilus, accounting for 3.47%;
Species: Cypriniformes have the largest number of species with 144 species,
accounting for 71.29%; secondly, there are 25 species of shrimps (Siluriformes),
accounting for 12.38%; ranked third in the list of species of Perciformes (21
perciformes), accounting for 10.40%. The remaining 1 to 4 species, accounting for
0.5% to 1.98%.

16

Carp (Cyprinidae) has the largest number of species, 122 species, 59 species,
accounting for 60.4%; followed by the Lang family has 10 species, accounting for
4.95%; Balitoridae and Nemacheilidae have 8 species, accounting for 3.96%; Cobitidae
have 6 species, accounting for 2.97%; the Percichthyidae and the Siluridae have 5
species, accounting for 2.48%; The remaining families are from 1 to 4 species,
accounting for 0.5% - 1.98%.
General comment: By analyzing the results, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes and
Perciformes were the dominant species in the study area. In it, the carps variety and
abundance in the number of species and number of species, accounting for 69.70% and
71.29% respectively. The diversity of taxa of the same species, in the Common Carp,
reflects the suitability of habitat and distribution of the study area. The study area has
hilly terrain with large proportions, no seawater invasion, the environment is completely
freshwater, the fishes here are freshwater, they live throughout their life.
3.1.4. Describe the morphological characteristics of newly recorded species in the
study area
Of the 202 fish species recorded in the Bang Giang-Ky Cung River Basin,
detailed description of the morphological characteristics of 10 unidentified taxa, and
3 new recorded species for Vietnam. has not been described by the author in the
country. The characteristics of each species are described in the thesis.
3.2. Conservation value of the study area
3.2.1. Endemic species
There are 28 endemic species in North Vietnam that are distributed in the study
area, accounting for 13.86% of total fish species distributed here. There are 12
endemic species found only in the study area but not found elsewhere in Vietnam,
accounting for 5.9%.
Comparison of the number of endemic species in Cyprinidae found in the study
area with the number of endemic species found in the carps of the country and North
Vietnam. are shown in Figure 3. 18.

The Cypriniformes have 79 endemic species in the country, of which 23 are
endemic in the study area (29.1%). There are 8 species in the study area (10.1%).
Compared with the North with 63 species endemic in the Cypriniformes, the
number of endemic species in North Vietnam is 23 species in the study area (36.5%),
The study area is 8 species (accounting for 12.7%).
In addition to endemic fish species in northern Vietnam, the Bang Giang - Ky
Cung fish fauna also exhibits unique characteristics, especially some endemic species
from southern China that are distributed in the study area: Ptychidio and Ptychidio
jordani species, Rectoris longibarbus, Acrossocheus malacopterus and Procypris
mera.


17

Fig. 3. 18. Number of species, the percentage of endemic species found in the
study area
3.2.2. The rate fish species in Vietnam Red Animals, the rate fish species in the
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the rate fish species risk of extinction
should be preserved and developed in Vietnam
3.2.2.1. The rate fish species in Vietnam Red Animals
According to the Red Book of Vietnam (2007) and based on the list of species
recorded in the study area, identified 9 species listed in the Red Book (4.45%). 5
species have been recorded in the threat level Vulnerable (VU), 2 species of
endangered species (EN), 1 species of Critically Endangered (CR) and 1 species of
extinct in the wild (EW).
3.2.2.2. The rate fish species risk of extinction should be preserved and developed
according to Decision 82 - Ministry of Agriculture
According to Decision 82 - Ministry of Agriculture (2008), there are 9 species
of conservation value in the study area (accounting for 4.45% of total species in the
study area) include: 7 species level conservation classification Vulnerable (VU); 2

species are endangered (EN).
3.2.2.3. The rate fish species in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
List of species distributed in the watershed of Ky Cung - Bang Giang river was
assessed in the IUCN red list according to the threat level as follows: 39 species not
evaluated (NE), (accounting for 19.3%); 80 species data deficient (DD), (accounting
for 39.6%); 68 species are less concerned (LC), (33.7%); 6 species are threatened
(NT), accounting for 3.0%; 8 species at Vulnerable (VU), (4.0%) and 1 Critically
Endangered (CR), accounting for 0.5%.


18

3.3. Distribution of fish species in the Bang Giang-Ky Cung river basin
3.3.1. Distribution by districts in the study area
The number of species caught in the districts of the study area is presented in
Fig. 3. 22.

Fig. 3. 22. Distribution of fish species and percentages found in the districts
3.3.2. Distribution by aquatic ecosystems
The Bang Giang - Ky Cung river basin has the following types of aquatic
ecosystems:
- The static water ecosystem includes ponds, lakes and fields.
- Water flow ecology: It is divided into ecosystems of rivers, streams, main
rivers and tributaries, are shown in Fig. 3. 23 and Fig. 3. 24.

Fig. 3. 23. The distribution chart according to the ecological system of Ky Cung
river


19

Fig. 3. 24. The chart distributed in aquatic ecosystems Bang Giang river
3.3.3. Distribution by terrain
The Bang Giang and Ky Cung rivers have two main types of terrain:
mountainous terrain and flat sunken terrain; however, there are differences in the
river basin. Bang Giang river basin, hilly terrain has more species encountered than
the sunken terrain, with 105 species, the lowland terrain has fewer species, only 66
species, the number of species encountered in both forms The topography is 59
species. In contrast to the Bang Giang basin, the Ky Cung river basin has a higher
number of species with 103 species, hilly terrain has lower species, only 51 species,
the number of species common to both types of terrain are 42 species (Fig.3. 25).

Fig. 3. 25. Number and percentage of fish species caught by topography in the
study area
3.3.4. Distribution characteristics by vertical
Based on the natural morphology of habitat, environmental conditions and
according to Fishbase (2017). The 202 fish species identified in the study area were


20

divided into three groups: group demersal fish (Bottom layer), group pelagic fish
(Surface layer) and group benthopelagic fish (fish living in the middle)
Group pelagic fish has the lowest number of species 3 species (1.5%); group of
middle species has the highest number of species of 140 species (accounting for
69.3%), bottom fish group has 59 species (accounting for 29.2%) (Fig. 3. 26).

Fig. 3. 26. Number and percentage (%) of fish species distributed by water layers

3.4. Compare the species composition of the fish fauna of the study area with

other fish fauna
3.4.1. Compare the classification units between the fish fauna of the study area and
other fish fauna
The research area has high biodiversity compared to other areas, in rank order,
family, genus taxon and species level (Fig. 3. 27)

Fig. 3. 27. Comparison of classification units between study area and other fish
fauna


21

3.4.2. Compares the level of intimacy between the study area with the other fish
fauna
The results show that the study area is closely related to the fish fauna: Red
river (close coefficient S = 0.88); Da river (close coefficient S = 0.70); Lam River
(close coefficient S = 0.72). The proximity to the Ma river fish fauna (close
coefficient S = 0.59) and have few close relationships with Gianh river fish fauna
(close coefficient S = 0.33). Fig. 3. 28 shows the relationship of species composition
between the study area and other fish fauna, analyzed by Pass 3.0 software. The
results show that the river basins are closely related, forming two groups of
relationships: 1 - the study area with the Red river and Da river basins, of which the
Red river and the Da river form the group small, close relationship with the research
area; 2 - Ma River Basin, Lam River and Gianh River, in which Ma River, Lam River
is a small group, closely related to Gianh River

Fig. 3. 28. Relationship diagram of the species composition of the study area
with other fish fauna
3.5. The geographic features of the fish fauna of the study area and the location
of this area in the geographic distribution of freshwater fishes in Vietnam.

The fish fauna of the Bang Giang - Ky Cung River consists of species of
different origins, belonging to two zoological subspecies: Chinese subregion and the
Indo – Indosinian subregion, which belong to the Oriental rigion. as shown in Fig. 3.
29 below.

Fig. 3. 29. Geographical origin of fish species in the study area


22

The origin of Chinese subregion has 145 species, accounting for 82.9%; the
origin of Indo – Indosinian subregion has very few species with 7 species, accounting
for 4.0%. Thus, the Bang Giang - Ky Cung fishery basin has the origin of Chinese
subregion dominant than the origin of Indo – Indosinian subregion.
3.6. Value of fish species in Bang Giang - Ky Cung river basin
The study area has identified 34 species of economically valuable fish, 25
species of conservation value, 15 species of medicinal value, 47 species of
ornamental value, 13 species of protected species value. people and 10 species of pest
kill for plants.
3.7. Exploitation situation of fishermen, fishing gear
Field surveys, and interviews with local fishermen in the study area show that
natural fish stocks in the Bang Giang - Ky Cung river basin are declining.
3.7.1. Some fishing gear used in the main exploitation in the study area
The study area uses 3 main fishing gears: gill net, electric pulse and fishing net.
3.7.2. Fishery resources aquaculture and nature fish in the study area
The study area has 18 species of fish raised for the purpose of supplying food
and ornamental products to local people, which are sold in markets, restaurants and
supermarkets in the two provinces of Cao Bang and Lang Son, accounting for 8.9%.
Overall, yield farmed fish higher than 3-4 times the total yield of nature fish (Fig. 3:
44 and 3: 45).

Fig. 3. 2. Ratio% of farmed fish, natue fish in Cao Bang province

Fig. 3. 3. Ratio% of farmed fish, natue fish in Lang Son province


23

3.7.3. Causes of resource depletion
Resource depletion must be attributed to global climate change affecting the
hydrological regime of basins; Due to the rapidly increasing population pressure on
livelihoods, demand for food; Urbanization, industrial parks, bridges, hydropower,
and factories have increased water pollution; Fishing techniques are destructive. All
these causes have been directly affecting the fish resources in the study area.
3.7.4. Restore, regenerate and develop aquatic resources, protect and conserve fish
biodiversity
3.7.4.1. Restore, regenerate and develop fish resources
The subjects that need to be prioritized for regenerative restoration in the study
area include: Semilabeo notabilis, Hemibagrus guttatus, Hemibagrus vietnamicus,
Bagarius rutilus, Channa maculata, Spinibarbus caldwelli, Onychostoma gerlachi,
and attention to species of economic value. In parallel with the rehabilitation and
rehabilitation of fisheries resources in the Bang Giang - Ky Cung system.
3.7.4.2. Conservation of fish biodiversity in the study area
Conservation of rare and valuable fishes of high scientific and economic value
are in danger of extinction in the study area. There should be solutions: general
solutions and specific solutions..
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
1. The Bang Giang - Ky Cung basin study identified 202 fish species belonging to
99 genera, 24 families and 8 orders. Of these, 124 species were collected, 78 were

not sampled, and 170 species were collected from previous studies.
Complementary to the science of 1 species and 1 new species, the study area and
freshwater fish in Vietnam were 3 species and 3 species, 22 species were
recorded for the new study area and 10 unclassified taxa. There are 28 species
endemic to the North of Vietnam, 12 species have been recorded only in the study
area, 25 species need conservation (9 species according to Vietnam Red Data
Book, 9 species according to Decision 82 of the Ministry of Agriculture and 15
species according to IUCN). Perciformes have the largest number of families with
8 families accounting for 33.33%; Carp (Cyprinidae) has the highest number of
59 varieties, accounting for 59.6%; There are 52 varieties of multi-species, 47
species of single species, Acrossocheilus species for the largest number of species
of 7 species; Cypriniformes have 144 species and the carp (Cyprinidae) has 122
species, dominating the other families.
2. Distribution: Phuc Hoa and Trang Dinh districts have the highest number of
species, 74 and 75 species; ecological advantages flowing water than standing
water ecosystems, major rivers have more species than tributaries; Bang Giang
river in mountainous terrain and Ky Cung river in lowland terrain have more
species; as a result, the number of species living in the middle layer dominates.