Tổ chức và thực hiện nhiệm vụ “Giám sát và phản biện xã hội” của Nhà nước Việt Nam trong lịch sử (Tiếp theo và hết)

^

TO CHUt VA THl/C HIEN NHIEM VU
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•

•

•

"GIAM SAT VA PHAN BIEN XA HOI"
CUA NHA NU'dC VIET NAM TRONG LICH SlT
(Tiep theo vd het)
VAN TAO*

3. Thiic h i e n g i a m sat v a p h a n bien
Trieu Nguyin, nhiem vu giam sat, phan
bien dUdc thi hanh nghiem ngdt nhUng
hieu qua khdng cao. Thiem sU Bo Le id
Nguyin Ddng Tuan dang sd tau 6 dieu ve
xay diing td chQc giam sat, phan bien:
"1. Dat Vien Ngii sii: Xin chon vdn vo
trong thfin kiem chQc dai Hien sQ, h trong
tbi dan hdc siia chQa tram quan de khien
gfing sQc sieng nang, ngodi thi cvl sat cac
chau huyen de rdn sQ gian tham nhung lam.
2. Ddt Thdi phong sd: Xin chgn quan
Kinh, ngUdi ndo thanh Hem, trung triic,
dQng dfin, trong sach thi sai di khfip eac
chau quan, xdt chien tfch, xem tinh dan de

nghiem xem cae thii thfin gidi hay khdng,
vd de thau sud't ldi, benh cua tieu dan (day
la chQc quan mdi md cae trieu dai trUde
chua dat ra-VT).
3. Bdt nhQng viin chdc thiia di: Ndi rdng
can than chon be toi nho hoc lam tri huyen,
ma ehi giao eho lam 1 viec gifiy td kien
tung, eon viec tien thdc binh lUdng van iiy
thae ta't ca cho cai huyen, ky huyen... Neu
mot ngUdi khdng lam ndi thi ddt hai ngUdi
de cho ho phat trien nhieu sd hoc rdi mdi
trach dUde viec phue vu nhan dan.
• GS. Vien Sd hoc

4. Ddt nhd hoc d dinh trdn, chdu huyen:
Xin chon nhQng biie lao sU tue nho ldm trd
giao. Pham hoe trd trUde het phai de'n chau
huyen hoc tap, trd giao phai xet tai ndng
khf dp md day. Khi da hdi thong kinh sach
vd biet lam vdn thi eho den dinh trfin de
dd'c hoe ddy. ThUdng khao xdt ngUdi nao
trung each thi cii len Thai hoc eho Giam
ddc hoe khao duyet bdi lai ma tau len...
NgUdi nao kinh thudt rong khfip, hoc hanh
thufin du cho ldm sinh vien, cfip cho lUdng
an ma hoc tap, de ddi luc dung.
5. Md khoa dn thi: Ndi rdng hien nay
dang cii hdnh an chfnh, thien ha deu dUdc
nhd dn... Xin sang ndm md an khoa nhU
dien le nUdc dai Thanh.

6. Cit hdnh dn tii: TrUdc kia The To Cao
Hodng de dfip thanh vang, md dudng sa,
nhQng phfin mo hoang phe deu de y thUdng
xdt... Hdng ndm mot Ifin hoi td... Nay nha
vua la ehu bach thfin, thfin ky ldn nhd deu
dUde nhd dn, duy nhQng ed hdn khdng ngUdi
thd cung thi chUa kip thUdng de'n. Ddi xUa
cd ndi rdng: "Ma quy khdng cd cho nUdng
tua thi ldm dich le". Xin dinh lam le te...
Vua sai dinh thfin bdn de Ifin l\i(}t thi
hdnh" (65).


Tdchurc va ttuic h i ^ nhi^m vu..

15
phdn

deu chieu theo phfim, cap theo gfip bdi sd
tien vd gao.

Bfit dfiu dat Thdng chfnh sQ. Chufin eho
dinh thfin ban dinh ve quan chQc, thuoc
chQe vd chQc vu, rdi eho thi hanh:

Thanh tra cdng viec do lUdng va dong
ludng b cac dia phUdng.

3.1. Thiic hien theo ldi tdu trinh,
biin ki tren

"1. Ve quan va thuoc vien: 1 Thong
chfnh sQ, 1 thd'ng chfnh phd sQ, 1 vien
ngoai lang, 1 ehu sii, 1 tU vu, bat, cvtu pham
thu lai mdi thQ 2 ngUdi, vi nhap lUu thU lai
15 ngUdi.
2. ChQc vu: Tiep nhan cac tau sd, sd sach
cac ndi de trinh.
3. Moi ngay cii 1 vien thuoc ty den eung
vdi phai vien eua Ty Tam phap phai den
Qng triic cl cdng dUdng. He cd ai danh trdng
Ddng v a n keu viec gi, ddn kien thi do Ty
Tam phap nhdn xdt, nhUng thuoc vien Qng
tnic eung ddng ky ngay nhQng ddn fiy de
trinh Cdng chanh dUde lUu chieu. Neu Tam
phap ty im di hay de chdm tre khong xdt
ddn thi tham hdc.
4. Ve viec vao Qng triic, thi cac dan
thong chanh xQ cung theo le cac dUdng
quan d bo va vien ma Ifin lUdt vao trUe. Cac
thuoc vien nhU: Vien Ngoai lang, chu sU, tU
vu, mdi hang mdi ngdy 1 ngUdi luan lUu
theo ban va Qng triie, cung phai theo le dan
the bdi nhU cac nha mdn.
5. Trong eac hoi nghi eua dinh than, vien
thdng chfnh sQ eung dUde dii.
6. Tien edng nhu, cung theo nhU Thai
thUdng tu vd Quang lap tU moi ndm cfip 50
quan.
7. An tri§n, fin quan phdng, the bai, dinh

thii, phdng, trai deu do ty tiep tue Qng ldm"
(66).
3.2. Quy dinh to chdc vd nhiem vu thanh tra
Qua nhQng ldi tau ve td chQc giam sat,
phan bien: Dinh lai le thudng thanh tra:
NhQnc nhan vien dUde xung ldm thanh tra,

Thanh tra cdng viec kiem ke vd do dac d
cae dia phUdng.
Ve chQc thanh tra eac dia phUdng,
thUdng phai that, bat phfim di lam, nen
chufin (hnh: TQ nay de'n khda thanh tra 6
ndm thi phai quan Kinh Tam pham hodc
Bd chinh, An sat hat khac; khda thanh tra
3 ndm thi phai quan Kinh TQ pham hodc
cac bien khoa dao. Tfit ca deu do bo tau xin
trUde ky han de chia di ldm viec (67). Vua
ndi: "Vien dd sdt giQ chQc dai hien, ed quan
h? den phong hda ky eUdng, trim nghe
khoa dao 6 Bfic trieu (Trung Qude) deu ed
chQc TrUdng An, mdi khoa, dao deu ed 5, 6
ngUdi, nay chufin cho trUdc het ddt them
mdi khoa deu 1 chQc TrUdng An cfip sii
chung de lam cfip bac thdng chuyen... Cfip
mu do ngu phfim eho quan khoa dao vi^n
Dd sat; NgU sQ cae dao 17 ngUdi...
Vua Uu dai chQc ngdn quan, ddc each
cap cho nhu tren. Lai chufin cho mu chfiu
cua vien trUdng va trUdng fin d 6 khoa...
deu them 2 mieng sQng bit bac d tren cfiu

mu, goi la mu giai trai, de hdp vdi y nghia
con giai trai ehi hue ke gian td... (68).
3.3. Ky luat dot vdi viic de cit, tien cit sai
ldm
Chuan dinh tQ nay, pham cae nha chon
ngUdi xung ldm ehu thii phu Noi vu, gian
hodc cd ldi nho tfim thUdng, thi ngUdi tien
cii dUde mien nghi; neu cd ai lUdi bieng chdi
bdi va kdm coi, bi vien giam lam xdt hdc thi
vien tien cit bi xii toi sd sufit, phat lUdng 6
thang; cQ mdi ngUdi lai ra toi mot bdc, neu
ngudi a'y pham toi bdt xdn, trom cfip vien
tien cit phai xii theo luat nSng "bfit Ung vi"
(khdng nen lam ma lam) (69).


16

Rghien curu Lich siSr. 56 4.2009

3.4. Phan Thanh Gian ddng sd len Tii
Ddc phdn biin ve tdchitc bo mdy

3.6. Sd tdu ve viic cdc quan lai che ddu
giac ciidp, ciidng hdo chiem ddt

"... Chung toi thiet nghi: Mudii cho nUdc
khoi sdi rao, khdng gi bfing nit bdt cui ra;
mudn cQu chQa md'i te, khdng gi bfing bdt
viec; lam nen tri binh cdt phai thiie te,

mud'n lam dUde viec cdt phai cd ngUdi gioi.
Chi mong hodng thUdng tdm giQ dai eUdng,
giQ viec chf yeu, ken chon ngUdi tai ndng,
bd lam quan chQc, tuy tai liia dung... Viec
eat nhfie tfit phai khoan rong ve tU each,
ma lay ngUdi cd tai can kham ndi dUdc viec;
viec trQng phat phai nghiem khfic vdi ke
IQa dd'i xao trd, ma khoan tha eho sii sd
suat nhfim ldn, viec tra xdt de to ra cung
rang buoe ldn nhau, nhUng khdng nen qua
ve cau ne bd buoe... NhU vay, se thay thdi
khf dieu hda vui ve, vat thinh nhieu, nam
dUde mua, dan dfin rdi sU dau khd mfit di,
ngUdi dUde tUdi tinh lai ma ke sach ciia
nude ngay den gifiu manh...".

Nam 1842, Nguyin Cu Si dang sd tau:
"Cac quan thudng che gia'u giSc cUdp, tri
phii Doan Hung, Pham Khfic Tuy lai nuoi
gidc cUdp de Ifim md't trong an di". Ndm
1849, Trfin Vdn Y tau: "Quan lai Nghe An
dau cUdp va nhung nhiiu; Tong Vo Liet,
mot thang cudi he, cd 4 dam cUdp, cd ddt
pha giet ngUdi. Ndm 1852, Hinh bo ThUdng
thu Dang v a n Thiem di thanh tra tinh
Binh Dinh ve tau: 'TrUdc kia dinh le quan
dien, cQ 10 mfiu thi 5 mau lam cdng, ndm 5
mfiu lam tu. NhUng rudng cdng mau md thi
cudng hao chiem, cdn thQa chd nao thi
hUdng ly chiem, dan ehi dUde phfin xUdng

xfiu" (72).

Td sd dang len, vua phe bao rdng: "Dd
deu ndi tdm tfit ve dao ly ldn, nhUng ehUa
ed thuc khoan de thi hdnh..." (70).
3.5. Td Pho dd Ngii sii Viin D6 sdt la Hd
Huy Phiin tdu ve viec tri an
'TrUdc kia, Nguyen Cdng TrQ dang sd
kin tau xin: "Pham trong tdng xa nao cd ke
chQa chap gidc trd'n, bfit ngUdi ddi chuoe ma
cae tdng trUdng, ly trUdng va hUdng trUdng
biet rd, nhUng khdng to' giac thi deu phai
xii tit. Viec dd da dUdc bdn xet va chufin eho
thQ lam d tinh Nam Dinh 3 ndm nay. Den
bay gid da 6 nam rdi, the ma quan sd tai va
quan Bo Hinh vfin khdng phue tau, cdn cQ
theo the xQ doan, thiie e qua ndng"
Vua du noi cae rdng: 'DUdng ldi ldm chfnh
tri cdt phai khoan hda nhan hau ehfing nen
dung nghiem khfic; duy cd viec rdn ke gian,
phat ke ac thi buoe phai lay hinh phat de
giup chfnh sQ khoan nhan" (71)

3.7. Dinh diin sit Nguyen Cong Trit
ddng sd tdu ve tri an vd khdn hoang
- Lap phdp nghiem cfim de trQ dQt bon
trom eUdp.
- Minh viec thudng phat de khuyen
khich quan lai.
- V6 rudng hoang cho dan ngheo (73).

Xin trQ cai te cUdng hdo ve chiem doat
rudng dat... tQ trUdc de'n nay nhQng ngUdi
bdn viec deu dd ldi cho quan lai ma khong
biet phfin nhieu la tai cUdng hao... Nd lam
con ngUdi ta thanh bd cdi, vd ngudi ta
thanh gda bua, gie't ca tfnh mang cua ngUdi
ta, het ea gia tai cua ngUdi ta, md vi^c
khong Id, cho nen cQ cdng nhien khdng
kieng sd gi... Tham chi chung cdn fin Idu
dinh dien, rudng den nghin mfiu khdng nop
thue, dinh den trdm sua't khdng dkng sd chi
phue rieng cho bon cUdng hao. Nay xin
trich la'y mot vai ngUdi dUa ra phap ludt, vk
bai le thue mUdn ruong dfit cdng (74).
3.8. Bo Cdng tdu vi sit dung ngdn ngQ
Hdn, Viet


Tdchurcvattn/c hito nhi&n vu.
"Dd vat de dung, khdng goi ten thi
khdng rd. Nudc ta viec kien tnic dien
dUdng, tdu thuydn, vat kien khdilg chi 1, 2
thQ, tQ trUdc de'n nay vfin goi bfing tieng
Ndm. Vang hoang thUdng ta nhan viec ddt
ten chQ Han, thf du: LUdng tam (long
rUdng), thQa liiu (mfing nUdc), long tu (rau
rdng)... Theo y ddt ten du cho dUdng thdi
thdng hdnh, ngay sau noi theo. Nay xin
tdm la'y dai lUdc, rong tim chQ cii phu Ifiy y
thudng. Hodc dung 161 hoi y, hodc dung ldi

hdi thanh, phdm ten cu eac dd vdt cd que
mua thi ddi di (nhU trinh ddi ldm lUcfng,
xuyin doi lam chdn, chdu mai ddi ldm bdc
mdn, dQdng giang ddi lam hodnh giang)".
Vua y ldi tau (NhU vay, vua quan nha
Nguyin coi nh? chQ Ndm, thfeh dung chQ
Han - VT) (75).
3.9. Nhdn ddn ddnh trdng Ddng Vdn kiu
len nhQng bi vua trach phat
Dan ThQa Thien ed ngUdi bi quan Kinh
Doan danh ddn, bdn danh trdng Ddng Vdn
de keu. Vua nghe biet, bao thi thfin rdng:
"Dat ra trdng Ddng Vdn cdt d^ nhQng ngUdi
khdng cd cho keu de than oan, the md tQ
trQdc den nay nhQng ke de'n keu chi la
nhQng viec nho nhdt trong lang xdm. Nay
ke ndy tQc gian vi bi trach phat, dam danh
trdng de keu nham, thi cai thdi gian ngoan
t$ bae lai cang qua ifim! Cd le vi dan tue
ngdy mot kieu bac ma de'n the ehdng; ben
sai Tam Phap ty tra xdt, x^ Phii doan Trfin
Tii Dinh bi each lUu vi da danh gia re san
vdt cua dan de di den dan di kien nham,
Phii thQa Nguyin VSn Cfin cd y benh viic
cho ldm thi bi giang 3 cfip, lUu. NgUdi dan
danh trdng de keu bi phat 100 trUdng (76).
3.10. Cdc quan lai tdu hdc ldn nhau
Cac Ngii sii Nguyin Xuan Canh,
Nguyin Qudc Hoan lai tau hfic rfing L i bo
ThUdng thu Phan Huy Thiie liia cii quan

trUdng Hd Noi, phfin nhieu Id cho thuoc

17
lieu (ngUdi ldm quan dUdi quyen minh),
chau ho la Phan Huy San dUdc do Tu tdi,
chau goi bang cdu la Hodng Dinh Ta dUdc
do Cii nhan, tUa hd cd y giii gfim thien tU...
Vua ra lenh eho bon Thiic cu thiie tau len.
Khi td tau de len rdi, vua cho Id khdng biet
xa trfinh hiem nghi, ben giam Thiie xudng 1
cfip, phat 3 thang lUdng (77).
3.11. Chi du ve viic tdu bdy cdn phdi
chinh xac
Vua ra chi du: Dan ta vdn du lUdng tri
lUdng ndng, nen sdng yen dn, dQng nen ngd
sd. Neu ed ai mudn den Kinh lUdc dai thfin
td cao oan udng thi phai la sU vi$c thiic cfin
thiet, ldi hai mdi eho phdp dUde tii trinh
bdy. Neu ke nao dam dem trinh nhQng vi^c
nho nhat khdng cfin thiet, vd vi vu khdng
hiem thu thi cung se tri toi nang (78).
3.12. Triiu dinh coi viic chip sQ la mot
hinh thQc gidm sdt, phdn biin
Vua bao cac thi thfin rfing: Qudc the
khdng ed gi trong bfing sQ, md tai ldm sd,
chdp sQ, thiic khd cd ngUdi ldm td't dUdc ...
SQ de chdp viec hay, viec dd ciia vua, de
ldm gUdng rdn bao ddi sau... NhQng vi^c dQ
nho nhU: "NgUdi nUde khae den nUdc ta
hodc tha'y ngUdi di efiy nhUdng bd, ngUdi di

dUdng nhUdng dudng, chfnh sU cdng bfing,
kien tung thanh thda ma khen ngdi, cd
nhien nen chon Ifiy de ghi 6 sii xanh..." (79).
3.13. Ca quan chuyen gidm sdt phdn
bien cung dQdc dQa ra xet xQ vi khdng ldm
trdn nhiem vu
Vien Dd sat, cd nhi^m vu Id Dai ngii sii,
kinh tra viec an, vi?c kien, da lau vfin
khdng tim ra sii thiic, eung Id bfit liic. Giao
ca cho Bo Lai nghi sii (80).
Tau trinh ve tri toi tham nhung - Vi?n
Cd mat tau ndi: Sau khi loan lac, tuyen bd
cfin ngUdi, cd khi khdng do khoa muc xufit
than, ed khi phfin nhieu tU each khdng hdp,


Rghien ciiru Ljch sit. s6 4.2009

IS
nhQng bon tao bao canh tranh dUde tien,
md te tham nhung sinh ra, nen gfin day d
phu huyen cac hat, trong dd nhieu ngUdi
sach nhieu de dan khong dUde yen; vdy cac
tinh tQ Thanh Hda trd vdo Nam xin do
quan tinh xet ro vien phu huyen, ngUdi
ndo tham nhung, tQc thdi phai hdc tri va
ngUdi tu each khdng hdp, tU len Bo Lai xet
xvt (81).
3.14. TrQdng Qud'c Dung tdu vi yiu cdu
chinh ddn chinh sQ

Phong thu dan kfn trinh bay 5 viec:
"1. Xen tiiu dung: Bd xa xi theo kiem
Ude, pham dd chau ngoc khdng phai dung.
Chi cfin ben chfic moc mac khdng trang sQc
long Ifiy... thi ddi so'ng cua dan dUde ddi dao
md coi gd'c eua nUde se ben vQng
2. Thiidng viic hinh nguc: Trieu dinh
diing phdp ngdn ke gian, ran ke ac, xa ldi
tha toi...
3. Chgn Igc trong ngg.ch quan lai: Trieu
dinh diing ddt da dfiy dii, ddt quan dfin dfin
nhieu them, md gfin day nhQng ngUdi hieu
sU hodc cd xin phan chia phu huyen, ddt
them quan lai, vien chQc so' len da nhieu,
khdng khdi sinh ra ton nhieu dn hai. Nay
xin giam bdt.
4. Bdt vdn thQ: Gifiy td cfin ed the 1$ cdt
yeu. Neu gifiy td nhieu ma khdng them lai
vien thi khdng dii ngUdi lam viec. Nen
pham cac gifiy td cham trUde ma giam bdt,
bo phien ddm md dung cdt yeu...
5. SQa lai thdi quen cua nhdn si: Nhan
si hoc tap ta't phai say me ve nhan nghia
dao dQc rdi sau mdi phat ra ldm van
chUdng, ldn thi cd the sQa nUdc giup dan,
nho thi ed the siia minh chQa tue, mdi la
thiic dung. Nhan si phai gdm vdn va hanh.
Xin sfic ehi xud'ng: chdm theo nghia ly, s^a
lai cho khi hdn hau, duy tri cho nhan tam
phong tue cae ndi dUdc td't" (82).

3.15. TrQdng Ddng Que, Nguyen Tri
PhQdng, Ldm Duy Thiep, Nguyin Ddng
Giai, Phan Thanh Gian ddng sd tit qud
trdch vi viic khdng ldm trdn trach nhiim
(nhUng noi dung cd an y phan bien vdi nha
vua)
"Nay bpn chiing tdi lai nfim giQ then
chd't chfnh tri. NgUdi giQ viec cfit nhfie thi
khdng hay ehpn Ipc eho quan trUdng dUde
trong sach ma ke hay ngUdi dd chUa ph§n
biet dUdc, ngUdi giQ tdi chfnh thue khda,
khdng hay tuyen dUdng ldi trach ma bon vd
vdt, due khoet chUa trQ het. Quy thfin
hudng d long thanh, ma ngUdi coi viec te le
ciia nha nUde, khdng hay giQ het long kfnh.
Nhan tinh khdng ai la khdng mudn nghi
ngdi, ma ngUdi coi viec binh khdng biet
thUdng dan khd nhpe; ngUdi coi vifc hinh
phap, khdng hay giQ long ngay thfing, udng
lam cdn nhieu; ngUdi coi cdng viec lam,
diing ldm trai le, ehUa hay khoan nhe sQc
ngUdi. Tim ra ed, sd di trai pham khf hda
cua trdi, Id bdi nhQng thQ dd.
Bpn chung tdi chUa biet ldm ra the nao,
cui mong chufin eho dem bpn chung toi hoi
ve toi khdng ldm trdn chQc vu, ngd hfiu hdi
lai long trdi sdm cho mUa xudng de eho thoa
thiep long mong ciia dan. Vua xem ldi tau
cung tu nhdn loi, nhan du dai thfin Ifiy y

vua tdi cung kinh sd, khuyen rdn Ifin nhau
rdi kinh sU lai dUdc mUa to, cae tinh cung
tiep tue bao tin dUde mUa" (83).
3.16. Dinh thdn ddng sd ngdn vua TQ
DQc gidm bdt chdi bdi de ddn dd kho (Sd
mang tfnh chfit ddn hdc)
Vua (Tu DQc) di chdi nhd nghi mfit cl
sdng Huong 5 ngdy. Khi trd ve khoa dao
dang sd can: (Dai lUdc ndi: Thanh chii sdm,
tdi c6 thUdng sd chdi, vui cd thUdng ky; nay
(be ha) di chdi lau den 5 ngdy, thdnh rdo
che mdn vay vai each cung cd khong d u ^
nhu ndi thanh vang ao ndng; ben song


l6 chijrc va thxfc hi&i nhi^m vu...
thdng tudng, dUdng di nhieu nga, sQ
nghiem mdt khae hfin ndi them cao cung
thfim, lai them dem ke den ngdy, quan Hnh
hoc lp chd sUdng nfing, tudng long thanh
thUdng cung bfit nhfin. TQ nay be ha bfit
thfin cd ngii chdi dau, xin trong 1 ngay thi
trd ve. Vua bao rfing; Ndng qua phai di
hdng mat... (84).
Vua Tii Due hay di chdi hdnh cung
Thuan Triie sdn bfin chim. Hoang Ta Viem
dang sd can: "... Xa gia vua di den dau,
dfing trUde, dfing sau phai trdn tranh, da
hai vi$c budn, lai hai vi^c lam rupng, quan
si theo hfiu, hodc phai ddi phai ren, hodc rdt

sinh dm, ldm luy den dQc tdt, ehfing ciing
nhieu U?
Vua bao rfing: "... Ta bi benh ufit khdng
vui da lau, ehi cd each tieu khien nhU the
mdi ldm dUdc viec, cho nen khdng biet toi
loi" (85).
3.17. Phdn biin cda ddn bi vua trdch
phat
Thdi Nguyen cd ngQdi 6 Ngh? An la Le
Diim ddn gia vua dang ndi 8 dieu:
1. Cfim cung hp khdng Ifiy dUdc nhau; 2.
Cfim ta dao; 3. Ldp thi vo; 4. Ban phdp thi
vdn; 5. Dinh viec danh thue cQa quan va
ben; 6. Doi y phuc.
Vua xem ndi: "TQ trUde de'n nay md rpng
dUdng ndi thdt mud'n biet het noi khd 5
hUdng thdn, neu ke dan mpn khdng danh
vi, ed biet dich thfiy ro viec gi, cho dUdc cQ
vi?e tau thfing, gian hodc niia tning niia
sai, eung khdng nd vdi qud trach. Den nhU
vi^e ldn cua nUde khdng phai Id thUdng dan
dUde dii biet. Id sd lam hdn hao le phai cua
nude. Nay Le Diem dam dem vi$c phan
phong vd qudn vu la vi§e tm trpng dai md
ndi bay ban can, neu khoan hdng ma tha
thi sao eho nghiem dUde hinh phap? Vdy
giao xudng Bp Hinh nghiem nghi". Rdi
Diim bi toi tram giam hdu (86).

19

3.18. TQphdn bien din phdn Qngxd hdi
Thdng dd'c Hoang Ta Viem tau ndi: "Cao,
Lang, Thfii, Tuyen mfiy ndm nay bi giac tan
pha, toan do quan lai d bien gidi khdng
kheo vo ve md ra. Ngay nhU bpn giac ndi
len da cd cau: "Gie't het bpn quan lai tham
6" (87). Hinh thQc cao nhfit la "phan bien
bfing vu khf ehdng doi lai trieu dinh", khien
cd nhieu eupe ndng dan khdi nghia. Cae
cdng trinh nghien cQu ve khdi nghia ndng
ddn thdi can dai, tfnh tdng sd tQ Gia Long
de'n Tu DQc ed tdi hdn 400 cupe khdi nghia
eiia ndng dan chd'ng lai trieu dinh.
Nhin chung lai, nhQng tau sd dang len
cac vua chua thdi phong kien, nhQng ldi
ddn hae cac hdn quan, gian thfin, ninh
thfin, nhQng ldi len an chi trich cac thdi hU
tat xfiu ciia vua va trieu dinh ma cac tri
thQc phong kien yeu nUde thupc cac td chQc
nha nUdc cung nhU eua nhan dan da ndi d
tren, deu la ket qua ciia sU giam sat, kiem
soat lau ddi ciia nhieu quan lai vd nhan
dan. NhQng nhd tri thQc tieu bieu da tap
hdp lai de phan bien len vua vd trieu dinh.
rV, Tong k e t lai
Cd nhQng dd'i tUdng vd muc tieu giam
sat, phan bien nhU sau.1. Gidm sdt, phdn bien vi hdnh vi, trdch
nhiem cda nhd vua, dd'i tUdng Id cae vi vua
khdng anh minh nhU vdi Trfin Du Tdng, Le
Thai Tdng, Le TUdng Due, Mae Mdu Hdp,

Tu DQc.
2. Gidm sdt, phdn biin vi qudn sQ nhQ
ciia Tran Thu Dp, Trfin HUng Dao vdi eac
vua Trfin trong khang chien ehdng Nguyen;
ciia Le Tich, TrUdng Dd phan Qng vdi vua
Trfin Due Tdng khi vua quyet di danh
Chiem Thdnh bi tii trdn.
3. Gidm sdt, phdn biin vi kinh te, vdn
hda, xd hdi nhU ciia Ly Cdng Ufin ve vi?c
ddi dd, cua TrUdng Han Sieu ve bien dao


20

Phat thanh me tin di doan, ciia sQ gia Le
Nghia ve viec chdp Thiic luc nhu mpt thQ
phan bien mong vua Le Thanh Tdng xem
sii de tu siia minh; cua Bp Cong trieu
Nguyin tau ve sii dung ngdn ngQ Han Viet; eua Dinh dien sQ Nguyen Cdng trQ
tau ve tri an vd khan hoang.
4. Gidm sdt, phan biin vi cd chi to chQc
vd diiu hdnh bo mdy nhd niidc nhU eua Ly
Dao Thanh, Td Hien Thanh thdi Ly, eua
Ngd Chf Hoa va Le Bat TQ thdi Le Thfin
Tdng; cua TrUdng Ddng Que, Nguyin Tri
PhUdng, Lam Duy Thiep, Nguyen Dang
Giai, Phan Thanh Gian ve ehi'nh sU cd chd
dd nat cfin chinh siia.
5. Gidm sdt, phdn bien vi trdt tQ, tri an
nhu cua TrUdng Qud'c Dung, Nguyen Cdng

TrQ cung nhieu quan lai cap tinh, huyen
dang len trieu Nguyen ve viec cac quan lai
che dfiu gidc eUdp, cUdng hao chiem doat
rupng da't, cua Nguyen Duy Thi ddi Le The
Tdng, LUdng Dfic Bfing ddi vua Le TUdng
Due. Tfit ca deu Id khuyen can nha vua tU
siia minh va stta sang chfnh sU.
6. Gidm sdt, phdn biin ddi vdi cdc doi
tQdng long quyin, tham nhung nhU cua
Chu v a n An thdi Trfin Du Tdng, eua
Nguyin Binh Khiem, Giap Hai thdi Mac
Mau Hdp, cua Vien Cd mat thdi Nguyin.
7. Cdc quan lg,i gidm sdt, phdn biin, ddn
hdc ldn nhau tdu lin vua nhU ciia eac NgU
sii Nguyin Xuan Canh, Nguyin Qud'c Hoan
ve nhQng hanh vi sai trai ciia mpt so' quan
lai khae.
8. Quyin gidm sdt, phdn bien cua ddn
khdng dQdc tdn trpng nhU mpt ngUdi dan cl
ThQa Thien danh trd'ng Dang Van keu oan,
vua qud trach, phat danh 100 trUdng, quan
Phii doan ThQa Thien bi each chQc, hay ciia
Le Diim d Nghe An dUa y kien ed tfnh chfit
phan bien len vua, bi vua xii an tram giam
hdu.

Rghien cijru Ljch stir, sg 4.2009
9. TQ gidm sdt, phdn bien khdng dat
hiiu qud, ddn de'n phdn Qng xd hdi
Nhu ldi tau eua Hoang Ta Viem ve ndng

dan ndi ddy cho'ng trieu dinh d Thai
Nguyen. Hay nhU nhieu cupe khdi nghia
nong dan ehdng trieu dinh cl Thai Binh, Hai
DUdng ma vua phai sai Nguyen Cdng TrQ,
Le Hoan, Hoang Cao Khai di ddn dp.
Nhu vay, cac vi vua anh minh eua cac
trieu dai xUa, sau khi nhdn dUde cac ldi
khai, cac sd tau, ldi tau trinh, ddn hdc... da
dUa xud'ng bach quan bdn luan, xem xdt, de
ehinh siia. chfnh sach, che dp cua trieu finh
va de dieu hanh cac edng viec vi ldi fch qudc
gia vd eua nhan ddn. Nhd vdy, ma da cd
nhQng thdi thai binh, thinh tri, day dQdc xa
hpi tien len. Cdn nhQng vua chua khong
anh minh thi ehdng nhQng khdng thiic hien
nhQng yeu cfiu dUdc neu ra trong eac ldi
phan bien md cdn cd khi phan bac lai hodc
tra thu, len an, tri tdi ddi vdi nhQng ldi le
thfing thfin eua qufin thfin hodc eiia thUdng
dan.
V. Ke thvfa di s a n lich aii ve giam
sat, p h a n b i e n
Qua thiic te lich sii ke tren chung ta cd
the tii hao rfing trong truyen thdng diing
nUdc va giQ nUdc, dng cha ta da quan tam
xay diing mpt ed che giam sat eiia nha
nude vd mud'n nghe tieng ndi phan bien
tnic tiep hay gian tiep eua nhan dan de
xay diing dat nUde, phat trien xa hpi.
Trong eac eupe chien tranh giai phdng dan

tpc hay bao ve dpc Idp dan tpc, nhQng
hanh dpng phan boi dan tpc, nhQdng bp,
hodc dau hdng ke thu deu bi phan dm, hi
nhan dan len an thdng qua ed che giam
sat, phan bi^n, theo the thQc phong kien,
nhu tren da trinh bay.
Nha nUde Cfich mang Vi^t Nam ra ddi tQ
ndm 1945 dUdc xay diing theo nguyen ly
Chu nghia Mac-Lenin va Tu tudng Hd Chf


Tdchtrcvajhuc h i ^ nhi^m vu.
Minh, la nha nUdc "cua dan, do dan, vi dan"
nen coi trpng viec ke thQa vd phat huy
truyen thdng yeu nUde, trpng dan. Trong
truyen thdng dd ed viec xay diing cd che td
chQc giam sat, phan bien, nhUng Id lam
theo tu tUdng ly ludn va phUdng phap mdi
cd tfnh each mang. Dd la vQa ed cac ed quan
dan cii (Qudc Hpi, Hpi ddng nhan dan eac
cfip) vd cac ed quan nha nUde nhU Ban
Thanh tra Chinh phu, Bp Tu phap, vien
Kiem sat... lai Id vQa ifing nghe y kien
nhan dan qua nhieu ngudn, nhieu kenh
thdng tin tQ cac td cHQc Dang, td chQc qufin
chung md bao chum nhfit la Mat tran dan
tpc thdng nhfit.
Dang cd Ban Kiem tra trung Qdng... Ddc
bipt la cac ky Dai hpi Dang, tfit ca cae dang
vien deu thdng qua Dai hpi Dang bp eac cfip

ma thao luan, ddng gdp y kien vdi Dai hpi
cfic cfip va Dai hpi Dang todn qudc. Dieu dd
eung bao hdm y nghia giam sat, phan bien
vdi cac hoat dpng ciia Nhd nUde va cae nhd
lanh dao Dang ve trach nhiem vdi dan, vdi
nUdc.
Ngay sau ngdy Cach mang thang Tam
thanh cdng, Chii tich Hd Chf Minh da sdm
eho thdnh lap Ban Thanh tra eiia Chi'nh
phii. Ngay 14-11-1945, Hpi ddng chinh phu
da ra Nghi dinh thdnh Idp Ban thanh tra
ddc biet eua Chfnh phu, dQng dfiu la cu Bui
Bfing Dodn vd uy vien la ddng ehf Cu Huy
c a n . Sfic Ipnh thanh lap Ban thanh tra dac
biet ban hanh ngay 23-11-1945, gdm 8 dieu:
1. Giam sat tfit ca cac edng vipe va cac
nhan vien ciia Uy ban Nhan dan vd cae cd
quan ciia Chinh phu.
2. Cd todn quyen:
- Nhdn cae ddn khieu nai cua nhdn dan
- Dieu tra hoi chQng xem xdt cac tai lieu
gifiy td ciia Uy ban Nhan dan hoae cac cd
quan ciia Chfnh phii cfin thiet eho cdng viec
giam sat.

21
- Dinh chQc bfit giam bfit cQ nhan vien
nao trong Uy ban Nhan dan hay Chfnh phu
da pham ldi trUde khi mang ra Hpi ddng
Chfnh phu hay toa an ddc bipt xdt xQ.

- Ban thanh tra cd the truy td tat ca cae
viec da xay ra trUdc ngdy ban bd sfic lenh
nay.
Nhu vay, nhiem vu giam sat da dUde
thiie hien ngay khi Chfnh phii Viet Nam
Dan ehu Cpng hoa mdi ra ddi (d dieu 1).
Cdn nhiem vu phan bien ma trong lich
sit gpi la tau trinh, xet hach, dan hdc thi
nay ban thanh tra nhdn ddn khieu nai
eiia nhan dan ddng thdi xem xet cac tai
lieu gifiy td cua cae cd quan nha nUde rdi
quyet dinh cd nhQng nhdn x6t, sQa ddi...
(88).
Trong sudt cupe khang chie'n trUdng ky
ehdng Phap, Ban Thanh tra Chinh phii lien
tiep dUdc xay diing mdi, bd sung them
thanh vien. Thang 5-1950, Ban Thanh tra
Chfnh phii mdi dUde thdnh lap mdi do cu
Hd Tung Mdu la trUdng dodn, ddng chf
Trfin Ddng Ninh ldm uy vien. Ban da di
thanh tra, kiem tra eac lien khu khang
chien. PhUdng cham lam viec nhU Chu tich
Hd Chf Minh da chi dao Id: "NgUdi di kiem
tra thanh tra phai nghe bfing hai tai, phai
nghe nhieu tieng chudng, ddng thdi phai di
sat thuc te "trdm nghe khong bfing mpt mfit
thfiy".
Mpt sU kipn ndi bat la da dUdc nghe y
kien phan bien cua nhdn dan ve vu tham
nhung eiia Dai ta - Giam dd'c Nha quan nhu

Bp Qudc phdng Trfin Du Chau. Mpt dai
bieu Qud'c hpi da phat hien va td gidc Trfin
Du Chau va ddng bpn pham tdi tham 6,
quan phiet trong quan dpi. Chu tich Hd Chf
Minh, Chi'nh phu vd Bp Qudc phdng da
cha'p nhan ldi phan bien cua Ban Thanh tra
Chfnh phu. Ngay 5-9-1950, toa an quan sU
tdi cao da md phien toa xdt xii vk ket tdi tii


22

Rghien ciJru Ljch siir. sg 4.2009

hinh vdi Trfin Du Chau. Chu tich Hd Chi
Minh da phe duyet ban an (89).

hdn 17.660 ban thanh tra ed sd vdi tren
367.000 can bp (92).

Ban Thanh tra Trung Udng cdn nhdn
dupc nhieu thU khieu to'. NhQng khieu td
deu la nhQng ldi phan bien cua nhan dan,
cu the nhu ndm 1957, Ban Thanh tra
Trung Udng da nhan dUde 3.998 thU khieu
to', ehUa ke 2.037 ngUdi tnic tiep den Ban
Thanh tra khieu nai (90). Mpt sd trong
nhQng thU khieu td ndy mang y nghia phan
bien eiia dai chung, cung nhU trong lich sQ,
cae trieu dai phong kien da ddt ra trdng

Ddng Van de nghe nhan dan ndi. Den thdi
ky xay diing ehu nghia xa hpi trong toan
qude tQ 1975 trd di, Ban chfip hanh Trung
Udng Dang da coi trpng viec ndy nhU Bao
cao chinh tri tai Dai hpi Ifin thQ IV cua
Dang da nhfin manh:

TQ ndm 1981 cho den ndm 1986, tinh
hinh thanh tra dUdc thiic hipn tdt dUa den
Nghi quyet dai hpi VI cua Dang coi trpng
cdng tac thanh tra theo phUdng cham md
Dai hpi de ra la nhin thfing vao sQ thdt,
danh gia diing sQ that, ndi rd sU t h a t TQ
sau dai hpi VI, thanh tra nhan dan da nhdn
dUdc nhieu y kien phan bien qua cac ddn
thu khieu nai, td cao. Cu the ndm 1987 da
cd 172.291 ddn thU khieu nai, tdcao, trong
dd ed tdi 12 can bp bi td cao la Bp tnidng,
ThQ trUdng hodc cap tUdng dUdng, 19 Bf
thu, Chu tich tinh, thdnh phd, 78 can bp
cfip cue, vu, vien... (93).

tinh. Cd tdi 4.124 xd tren tdng so' 8.147 xa
da thdnh lap Ban Thanh tra nhan dan.
Tong cpng ndm 1981, trong ca nUde cd tdi

Cho den nay, sii nghiep ddi mdi thu dUpc
nhieu ket qua mpt phfin Id nhd Dang vk
Chfnh phii da phat huy dan chii coi trpng y

Nhiem vu giam sat phan bien nhU vdy
da dUde thiic hien rpng rai tQ cfip cd sd cho
'To chQc kiem tra chat che va nghiem de'n cfip trung Udng. Nhd vay ma vipe thiic
tue sU hoat dpng cua cac cd quan nhd nUde hien Nghi quyet Dai hpi VI cua Dang ve sQ
la bien phap rfit quan trpng de nang cao nghiep ddi mdi todn dipn trUde het la ddi
hipu liic cua nhd nUde. Cd cfiu kiem tra bao mdi tu duy ddc biet la tU duy kinh te da
gdm hp thd'ng tii kiem tra trong bp may nha dem lai hieu qua to ldn. Tiep theo Dai hpi
nUde, sU kiem tra cua Dang va eiia cac td VI, Dai hpi VII ciia Dang, ke ca dai bieu dai
chQe qufin chung. Kiem tra phai thanh mpt hpi giQa nhipm ky khoa VII da gdp phfin to
cd che budc tQng td chQc, tQng can \>q, tQng ldn vdo vipe ddi mdi tU duy nhd thiic hipn
ngUdi dan tuan thii hien phap vd phap cae vfin de qua sii giam sat phan bipn.
luat... Nhan dan sQ dung quyen eiia minh
Trong vipe xay diing eUdng linh vd chien
theo hien phap vd phap luat de dau tranh lUdc ciia Dang vao dau nhQng nkm 90, cdng
vdi nhQng hanh dpng sai trai trong viec tac giam sat va phan bipn da gdp phfin tfch
quan ly kinh te, vdn hod, ddi sd'ng, buoe eac ciic vdo viec thiie hien cUdng Hnh va chien
cd quan nhd nUde thiie hien dung vd td't lUde. Cu the nhu rieng ndm 1992, cac
quyen lam chii tap the ciia nhan dan" (91).
nganh thanh tra da de xufit 4.480 kien nghi
Den thdi ky cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai chfin ehinh cong tac quan ly eua cae cfip,
hoa, nha nUdc coi trpng thanh tra nhan cac nganh, cac ddn vi trong dd ed 78% sd
dan. TQ ndm 1981 trd di da xay diing cae td kien nghi da dupe tiep thu siia chQa. Dang
chQc thanh tra nhan dan va thanh tra cong ke la cd 289 kien nghi da dUdc cac bp vk iiy
nhan tai cac cd sd. Cd nhieu tinh thdnh ban nhan dan cac cfip chfip nhan bd sung...
trong ca nUde thanh lap dUde ban thanh tra (94).


T6 chuc va ftuc hi&i nhiem vu.
kien cua nhan dan. Tuy vdy, eho den nay,
hoat dpng cua Ban Thanh tra cae cfip cung

mdi la kiem tra, thanh tra, giam sat va
phan bien tdi cae cd quan tQ cap Bp trd
xudng ma ehua lam dUde viec kiem tra
ngUde len tdi cae cd quan phu trach cao cfip
nhu Chu tieh nUdc, Chfnh phu va Trung
Udng Dang, tUa nhU trUdc kia ed nhQng ldi
tau trinh, ddn hdc edng khai den ca nhd
vua va trieu dinh. Hipn nay, cae cupe chfit
vfin trong Qudc hpi cung bUdc dau thiic
hipn nhiem vu ndy.
VI. Nhiifng kinh nghiem lich sijf va
bai hoc lich aii
Trong hdn ntta the ky qua, tuy chung ta
da ke thQa vd phat huy dUde nhQng mdt
tfch ciic ve giam sat, phan bien eua dng
cha, nhUng cung cdn cd nhQng thieu sdt
nghiem trpng.
1. Dang ke nha't Id sai Ifim ta khuynh,
duy y ehf trong cai cfich rupng dfit vd chinh
ddn td chQe nhU Trung Udng Dang da kiem
diem va thQa nhdn, nhUng vipe nghe phan
bien ciia cdn bp va nhan dan ve viec ndy
trong khi dang tien hdnh cdn chUa that
thoa dang. Cu the trong so' can bp cao cfip
eiia Dang da cd mpt so' ddng ehf qua tiep
sue thiic tiin (eung ed y nghia Id giam sat)
cd kien nghi phan bien ve chu trUdng cai
each rupng dat cua Trung Udng ed yeu to'
giao dieu lam theo edng tac phan phong ciia
Trung Qudc, tidu bieu nhU ddng ehf Trfin

Huy Lipu (xem Tap chf Xu"a vd Nay, so'297,
(XII-2007), trang 16-29).
NhUng kien nghi dd da khdng dUde chfip
nhan.
2. Tu duy chii quan, duy y chf, cho rfing:
Cd the dUa quan hp san xufit tien tien len
trUde de kdo theo liic lUdng san xufit (tuy
cdn kha lac hau) len sau... da dUa den hai
sai Ifim:

22

a. Chu trUdng tdp the hoa ndng nghiep
mpt each nhanh ehdng, quyet dinh sdm dUa
hdp tac xa tQ thf diem len bae cao phd bien.
Viec lam nay da nhdn dUdc y kien phan
bien eua can bp Trung Udng va dia phUdng,
thdm ehf ed nhQng phan Qng tfch ciic ehdng
hdp tac hoa mpt each d at, nhUng nhQng ldi
phan bien dd eung khdng dupe chfip nhan
lai eon cd ndi thi hanh sQc ep tQ tnic tiep
den gian tiep... Sau ndy, sU tan ra cua
nhieu hdp tac xa ndng nghiep, nan thieu
ddi diin ra, d i n den sU kien khoan chui
trong nong nghiep. Dd la hau qua cu the
nhfit cua vipe thieu nghe y kien phan bien
ciia can bp va nhan dan.
b. Chu trUdng cai tao xa hpi ehu nghia
trong edng nghiep cung vdi tU duy mud'n
dUa quan he san xufit tien tien len trUde rdi

kdo lUc lUdng san xufit lac hau len sau mpt
each nhanh ehdng qua each mang khoa hpc
- ky thuat, nen da quy nhieu chu tieu thii
cdng nghiep 6 Hd Npi vd cac tinh phfa Bfic
len tu san de cai tao. Rdi sau lai mudn ap
dung bien phap nay d mien Nam sau khi
giai phdng, nhUng nhd nghe phan bien ciia
can bp va nhan dan mien Nam nen da
ngQng lai kip thdi. Mdc dfiu vdy, cupe cai
tao tu san d mien Bfic va bUde dfiu d mien
Nam cung dd dUa lai sU giam sut dang ke
nen edng - thUdng nghiep ciia ca nUde.
Ddn cQ mfiy viec tieu bieu ke tren chung
tdi mud'n ket luan la:
Ong cha ta da de lai di san quy bau ve
tinh thfin trpng dan, nghe sU giam sat,
phan bien ciia nhan dan, nhfit la d eac trieu
dai thinh tri. Trong Cach mang thang Tam
vd trong hai cupe khang chien, chung ta da
biet ke thQa vd phat huy nhQng mat tfch
ciic ciia eac di san nay. Cdn nhQng thieu sdt
ke tren chung ta cfin tim 6 di san tieu ciic
cua che dp phong kien (doe tdi, doe doan) vd
kinh te tieu ndng (chii quan, ta khuynh,


24

duy y chi) dUa den thieu dan ehu, dieu md
chung ta ludn ludn dUa ra Id phai canh giac

de phdng...
Do'i vdi ed che td chQe trong he thdng
chinh tri hipn nay thi di san lich sii ke tren
cd nhQng diem tfch cUc md chung ta da ke
thQa va phat huy.
Ve td chQc xUa gdm cae ed quan nha
nude nhu Hien ty, NgU sQ ddi, Vien Do sat,
cfic Gian nghi dai phu, thi ngay nay nhiJng
ed quan ke tren dUde thay the bfing ban
Thanh tra Chfnh phu, va cae Ban Thanh
tra nhan dan, Vien Kiem sat, bp may tU
phap vd td chQc luat sU...
Tuy vdy, ehdng ta nin ke thQa vd phdt
triin them d nhQng mat ditdi ddy:
1. Chung ta khdng theo che dp da dang
vd cd che ludng vien nhU d nhieu qud'c gia
tu ban chii nghia hipn dai, nhUng trong he
thdng chfnh tri hipn nay cung nen theo
truyen tho'ng dng cha xay diing mpt ed quan
chuyen giam sat vd phan bien cdng khai,
dan chu va cd hieu liic (nhU kieu NgU sii
ddi vd Vien Dd sat xUa) vdi ten gpi va cac
chQc danh mdi. Cd quan dd cd trach nhiem
Id: Neu nhQng chii trUdng, chfnh sach do
Nha nude de ra va thiie hien pham sai Ifim
nghiem trpng de'n mQe dp nhU mfiy sai Ifim
da diin ra ke tren ma khong sdm phat hipn
vd phan bipn thi cd quan dd phai chiu trach
nhiem.
2. Trong ed che giam sdt va phan bien

hien nay, ngoai cae td chQc thanh tra, kiem
sat, tu phap, nen xay diing mpt cd che cho
phdp cac nganh khoa dUdc lam nhiem vu
giam sat, phan bien va ed trach nhiem
giam sat, phan bien ve nhQng lanh viic ed
lien quan den chuyen mdn ciia minh, coi dd
nhu mpt nhiem vu khoa hpc. Rieng nganh
Sii hpc thi dUde tiep can vdi eac hoat dpng
ciia Nha nUde, Chinh phii, Qud'c hpi dUde
ldm nhipm vu nhU bien chdp ThQc luc thdi

R g h i ^ curu Lich sir. s6 4.2009
phong kien (cd the vdi mpt ten gpi khac).
Tfit nhien ngQdi chdp Thiic luc phai that
trung thiic. Nha nUdc cd quy che ldm vi$c
cho ngUdi chdp ThQc luc phai tuan theo.
NgUde lai, Nha nUde, cac nha lanh dao cung
coi Thiic luc nhu mpt loai hinh giam sat,
phan bipn de nghien cQu, chfit Ipc Ifiy
nhQng sii kien chfnh xac, nhQng y vd ldi
phan bien dung dfin de sii dung vdo vipe ddi
mdi td chQe va cd che lanh dao, quan ly vk
thiic hien.
3. Tdng phong cho mpt sd ngUdi trung
thiie dUdc dai chung nhan dan tfn nhipm
chQe hdm Gian nghi dai phu nhU xUa. Cdn
chQc danh vd nhipm vu thi cd the ddi mdi
eho phu hdp vdi hien nay.
4. Ddng thdi Id phai tdng cQdng quyen
han va nhipm vu giam sat vd phan bien eiia

cac td chQc chinh tri va eua nhan dan. Mpt
vai thf du cu the nhU:
"ThQ nhdt, Chi thi sd 30/CT/TU cua Bp
Chfnh tri ve xay diing vd thiic hien quy che
ddn chii 6 ed sd cfin bd sung quyen h^n
giam sat, phan bien eiia nhan dfin. Chi thi
ghi Id: "Md rpng cae hinh thQc td chQc tii
quan de nhan dan, edng nhan, can bp, cdng
chQe tii bdn bac thiic hien trong khudn khd
phap luat nhQng edng vipe mang tfnh xa
hpi hoa cao, cd sii hd trd eua chinh quyen,
cd quan, ddn vi (nhU viec xay diing hUdng
ude, quy Ude Idng van hoa, xay diing td hod
giai, td an ninh, phong trdo vp sinh mdi
trUdng, den dn dap nghia, giup dd ngUdi
ngheo..." (95). NhU vdy, nhan dan chi phat
huy dan ehu thiic hien nhipm vu dan chii cl
ed sd trong tii quan md ehUa cd cd ch^ dan
chu ve giam sfit, phan bipn ddi vdi cac cd
quan Nha nUdc tQ thfip den cao. Cfin bd
sung.
ThQ hai, Cd quan dan nguypn cl Quoc h^i
hipn nen cd them chQc ndng giam sat, phan
bien.


25

Td chirc va thuc hien nhiem vu.
Q u y e t d i n h t h a n h l a p Ban D a n n g u y e n

ciia Uy b a n ThUdng vu Qude hpi ngay 17-32003 quy d i n h ve n h i p m vu, q u y e n h a n cua
Ban d a n n g u y e n nhU s a u :
- ThQ nhdt: Tiep cong dan, chu yeu la
tiep n h a n de xQ ly, theo doi giai quyet cae
kien nghi, k h i e u nai, to'cao ciia cdng d a n .
- ThQ hai: G i u p Uy b a n ThUdng vu Qud'c
hpi phdi hdp vdi Uy b a n T r u n g Udng M a t
t r a n To Qud'c Viet N a m tdng hdp y kien,
kien nghi eiia cQ t r i q u a mdi ky dai bieu
Qud'c hpi tiep xuc cQ tri.
- ThQ ba: Tong hdp t i n h h i n h , giai quyet
ddn t h u de bao cao Uy b a n ThUdng vu Quoc

CHU

hpi (96).
N h u vay la B a n D a n nguypn mdi thu
dpng tiep t h u y kien ciia n h a n dan vi bQc
xuc ma hp p h a i dUa len chQ chua ehu dpng
d a t r a mpt dinh che ve quyen giam sat,
p h a n bipn cua n h a n d a n do'i vdi cac cd quan
Nhd nUdc.
De t a i n a y la mdi me, vdi k h a n d n g cd
h a n , c h u n g tdi xin dUa ra k e t qua sUu
t a m , n g h i e n cQu bUdc d a u va chan t h a n h ,
thfing thfin t r i n h b a y nhQng suy nghi,
k i e n nghi cua m i n h , mong n h a n dUdc
nhQng y kien dong gdp cua dpc gia de bd
s u n g , sQa chQa.

THICH

(55). Kham dinh Dai Nam Hoi die'n sU le, Noi
cac trieu Nguyin bien soan. Nxb. Thuan Hoa, Hue
in va phat hftnh, nam 1993, tap 14, tr. 70 - 71.
(56), (57), (58), (59), (60), (61), (62), (63), (64).
Nhu tren, tr. 177, 191-192, 99-100, 120, 109, -115,
117, 121-122, 193-194.
(65). Dai Nam Thiic luc (DNTL), tap V (Chinh
bien), De nhi Ky 1, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi. Ha Noi,
1963, tr. 120-121.
(66). DNTL. tap XV, Chinh bien 1834, Nxb
Khoa hoc xa hoi. Ha Noi, 1965, tr. 369.
(67). DNTL, tap XVIII, Chinh bien 1836, Nxb
Khoa hoc xa hoi, tr. 68, 69, 70.
(68). DNTL, tap 19, Chinh bien 1837, Nxb
Khoa hoc xa hoi, Hft Npi, 1968, tr. 215 - 216.
(69). DNTL, tap 19, Chinh bien 1837, Nxb
Khoa hoc xa hpi, Hft Npi, 1968. tr. 225.
(70). DNTL, tap XXX, Chinh bien. 1863 - 1865,
tr. 127 - 129.
(71). DNTL. tap XII, Chinh bien, 1833, tr. 58-59.
(72), Dai Nam ThUc Luc, tap I (Tien bien), Nxb
Sd hpc, Hft Npi, 1962, tr. 6-8.
(73), (74), (75). DNTL, tap IX, Chinh bien, 1828
- 1829, tr. 32-33, 104-105, 354.
(76). DNTL, tap XV, Chinh bien, 1834, Nxb
Khoa hoc xa hpi, Hft Noi. 1965, tr. 128.

(77). DNTL, tap XV, Chinh bien, 1834, Nxb

Khoa hpc xft hpi. Ha Koi. 1965. tr. 211.
(78). DNTL, tap XVIII, Chinh bien, 1836, .\xb
Khoa hpc xa hpi, tr. 51.
(79). DNTL, tap XX, Chinh bien, 1838, Nxb
Khoa hpc xa hpi, tr. 76.
(80). DNTL. tap 26, Chinh bien (IH16-1847),
Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi. Ha Npi, 1972, tr. 31.
(81). DNTL, tftp 38, Chinh bien, 1886-1888.
Nxb Khoa hpc xft hpi. Ha Npi, 1978, tr. 29,
(82), (83), (84), DNTL. tftp 27, Chinh bien,
1848-1853, Nxb, Khoa hpc xa hpi, Ha Noi, 1973, tr
59-62, 113-114,379,
(85), DNTL, tap XXXII, 1870-1873, Nxb Khoa
hpc xa hpi. Ha Noi, 1975, tr. 25-26,
(86), DNTL. tap IX, Chinh bien (1828 • 1829),
tr, 176 - 177,
(87), DNTL, tap XXXII ( 1870-1873), Nxb Khoa
hpc xa hpi. Ha Npi, 1975, tr, 75.
(88). Lich Si? thanh tra Viet Nam 1945 • 1955 sa
thdo. Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia. Ha Npi, 1998, tr, 15-16,
(89), (90), (91), (92), (93), (94). Lich sd thanh
tra Viet Nam 1945 - 1955 sa thdo, sdd, tr, 47-49,
67, 155, 178, 243, 293,
(95), (96), Tap chi Mat tran, so 50, thang 122007, tr, 31, 11.