Những thương nhân Hà Lan đầu tiên đến Đàng Ngoài và Kẻ chợ năm 1637

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NHUNC THl/dNC NHAN HA LAN DAU TIEN
DEN OANC NCOAI VA KE CHO NAM 1657
NGUYEN THl/A HY*
(Dich vd gi&i thieu)
Ldi ddn: The ky XVI-XVII trong lich sir the gidi la ky nguyen thuang mai toan cau. Trong h6
tho'ng mau dich chau A, nhung tuyen buon ban qudc te didn ra sdi dOng d bie'n Ddng va Thai Binh
Duong, trong do hai mien Dai Viet da nam tren cung dudng trung chuyS'n.
Trong toan canh do, nam 1637, thuong diem Hirado ciia Cong ty Dong An Ha Lan (VOC) d Nhat
Ban da cir chie'e tau Grol do Trudng thuong vu K. Hartsinek chi huy tdi Dang Ngoai sau khi ghe qua
Hdi An, dem bac de'n mua la va xin dat quan he bu6n ban. Chuy^'n di keo dai han 6 thang, trong do
thdi gian phai bd luu lai Kinh thanh Thing Long la %in 2 thang rudi.
Nguyen ban \'\€t tay bang tieng Ha Lan c6 cudn Nhat ky hank tiinh ciia tau Grol duac bao quan
tai Luu tru thude dia The Hague. Nam 1882, Geerts da cho dich cud'n nhat ky do sang tig^ng Phap vdi
nhung chu giai ciia G.Maget, trong tieu luan "Journal de voyage du yacht hollandais Grol du Japon
au Tonkin" (1637), dang tai tren Tap chf Excursions et Reconnaissances" t VI.n"13 (Paris, 1882).
Nam 1883, I.M.Dixon cung dich sang tiS'ng Anh nhat ky do vdi bai tiS'u luan "Voyage of the Dutch
Ship "Grol" from Hirado to Ton King", dang tai trong cudn 'Transactions of the Asiatic Society of
Japan" XI (Yokohama, 1883). Tdi nam 1907, ban dich cudn nhat ky ra ti^ng Phdp duac dang lai
trong Tap chi Revue Indochinoise quydn 5, .sd 55 va 56.
Day la mfit tu lieu gO'c hiem quy cCia m6t ddi tac nudc ngoai phuang Tay each day 370 nam vifi't
\i quan he giao thuang Viet Nam - Ha Lan trong niia dau the' ky XVII. N6 co th^ ddng lam ca sd
giup chung ta di sau nghien ciru, gai md hoae gop phSn lam sang to mdt sd va'n d^ ve lich sir, thuc
trang va chi'nh sach, thii tuc ciia nha nudc phong ki^n trong ngoai thuang, ngoai giao, nin kinh t^
hing hoa ciia Viet Nam the' ky XVll cung nhu m6t sd tdn nghi v^ dja ly - lich sir, ndi tinh chfnh tri,
tinh hinh dan chiing d Dang Ngoai trong thdi do.
Nhung ngudi viei cudn nhat ky c6 cai nhin va diing tren quan di^m vi lai ciia mdt cdng ty nudc
ngoai, ddi mat vdi m6t chfnh quyen phong kie'n quan lieu chuyen chS. phuang Ddng vdi nhi^u tfi nan
tham nhung. Ben canh mpt so danh gia nhan dinh co th^ la chii quan, cudn nhat ky da cung ca'p cho
chiing ta nhieu thuc te' lich sir khach quan co y nghia, thOng qua nhiJng chi tiei sdng dOng. T^t nhiSn

do khai thae triet de' gia trj tu lieu, chiing ta can phai nghien ciiu sau them, th^m djnh, khao chiing,
do'i sanh nhiing thOng tin la dieu ma d day chung ta chua lam duac.
Chung toi da cO' gang dich sat tinh than va noi dung ciia van ban, nhung khOng thi tranh khoi
mOt sd kho khan. Mot sd thuat ngir va tir c6 noi ve cac vat dung, hing hoa chuyen mOn duang thdi
khong tim duac tir tieng Vict tuang duang. Mot sd chii thich cung can ban cai lai, nhirng chiing tdi
vin tOn trong nguyen van. Rat mong nhan duac y kien dong gop.
C h u y e n du h a n h ciia chie'e tau Ha
L a n G r o l txi N h a t B a n t d i D a n g N g o a i
(31/1/1637 - 8/8/1637) (1)
Nhat ky tren

tdu

31 thdng Gieng - Ngay 31-1-1637, con
t a u Yacht (2) Grol da rdi v u n g do Koutchi
PGS. TS. Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Npi

(hai c a n g nho) g a n thfinh phd' H i r a d o (3)
t r e n h d n dao m a n g c u n g t e n gpi (d N h d t
Ban) de di tdi xQ D a n g Ngodi. T r e n tfiu ed
trUdng thUdng vy K a r e l H a r t s i n e k , ngUdi
chi h u y cupe vien h a n h , Vincent Romeyn,
ngUdi Ha L a n cU t r u d N a g a s a k i k h d n g Ifim
viec cho Cdng ty Dong An Hfi L a n mfi sinh


Rhflmg thirong nhan f\h Lan dau Hto..

69

sdng bfing cong viec budn bfin rieng tU.
Trong eong vi§c, ong cd quan hp vdi dng gifi
Menchioe Santwoort, ngUdi Hfi Lan dfi den
Nhfit Ban vdi William Adams ngdy 19-41600 (4) Tnidng thUOng diem Hfi Lan d
Hirado, ngfii Nicolas Koeekbaeker da xin
Vincent Romeyn di thap tung chuyen vien
hfinh nfiy vfi giup dd cdng ty vdi nhQng
kien thQc vfi kinh nghipm lau nfim eiia
minh. Dl ddi lai ngUdi ta dfi eho phdp dng
mua (d Nhfit Ban) nhQng hang hda tdng
tong gifi tri tdi 2.500 lang bae (14.250
francs) vfi chuyen ehd nhQng hang hda dd
mien cUde phf vfin tai tdi Dfing Ngofii.
Karel Hartsinek (5) cd trach nhipm theo doi
dieu nhupng bp dUde thda thufin dd de
khdng bi ldi dung.

- 25 thdng Hai: Ngfiy 25-2, chung tdi
tiep tue cupe hfinh trinh vdi y dinh trUde
het se den thfim Quinam (7). De thiie hipn
vipe nfiy, ngUdi ta da trang bi mpt thuyen
mfinh ed ten Ifi Autekou, vdi mpt hoa tieu
tren thuyen, 9 ngUdi Hfi Lan vfi 9 ngUdi
Trung Qudc. 6 Tayouwan, ngUdi ta dfi chfit
them vfio khdi hfing hda ban dfiu mpt sd
hfing tdng gia tri Id 2364 florins. Chide tfiu
Waterlooze Werve dfi bi mfit nhQng cay neo
vfio ngfiy 18-10 nfim trUde, cho nen khdng
t h i diing dupe eho chuyen di nfiy. O Dai
Loan, de Ifim qufi cho nha vua xQ Dfing

Ngofii, ngUdi ta da mang theo them hai ed
sung (thin cdng), can nfing 1020 vfi 1030
livres (cfin Anh - 453,6 g) vfi nhQng dan
phao bfing sfit nfing 12 livres.

Td'ng gia tri so hfing hda chuyen chd
tren chide tfiu Grol Ifi 366.588 florins
(khoang chQng 736.850 francs); chi cd
mpt phfin sd hang hda gia tri 188.166
florins (378.214 francs) dUpe chuyin tdi
Dfing Ngofii. NhQng hfing hda chd den xQ
nfiy cd mpt vfii mfit hfing chfiu Au vfi
Nhfit Ban, cdn chu yeu Ifi chd ddng vfi
sfit, tfit ca tri gifi Ifi 171.000 florins
(343.710 francs).

TQ ngdy 18 thdng Giing den ngdy 25
thdng Giing, ngUdi ta dfi tiep nhfin d Dfii
Loan 17 thuyen mfinh tQ Trung Hoa ddn,
chd 60 pieuls (ta = 60kg) td sdng, 1500 ta
dudng, 200 ta Lankin (vai len Trung Qude)
vfi mpt sd lupng ldn dd gdm sQ tinh vfi thd.
Vien thuyen trUdng Bencan ed y dinh giii
nhQng hfing hda dd den Quinam vfi dng ta
xin dupe khdng tra hdn 15% tien thud nhfip
cang vfi xufi't cang. NhUng ngUdi ta khdng
chfi'p nhfin yeu cfiu ciia dng, bdi vi dng
Putmans dd fin dinh thue nhdp cang vfi
xufi't cang moi thQ Ifi 10% vfi dng Van der
Burg khdng mudn thay ddi quyet dinh nfiy.

NgUdi ta tfnh tofin neu theo y dinh eua
thuyen trUdng Bencan giii nhQng hfing hda
dd den Quinam thi se kiem ldi dUdc tQ 4050% doi vdi mfit hfing Lankins, 150% ddi
vdi nhQng dd gdm thd.

Vien trUdng thUdng diem d Nhfit Ban dfi
trao eho Karel Hartsinek mpt bQc thU
chfnh thQc d l giii tdi nhfi vua tri vi xQ
Dfing Ngofii. 6 n g ta cdn cd y dinh gvfi mpt
tfiu budn khac, chide Waterlooze Werve tQ
Nhfit Ban tdi Dfing Ngofii.
- 13 thdng Hai • Ngfiy 13 thang Hai
(1637), sau mpt budi thdi tiet rfi't xfi'u Ifim
chung tdi bi mfit banh Ifii tfiu vfi 2 chiee
neo, vfio lue 7.30 chieu tdi, chung tdi da tdi
vinh Tayouwan (Dfii Loan - Formose). Lfip
tQc Karel dfi dupe dUa len bd, trong mpt
chide xudng do vien tdng trfi'n (Dfii Loan) Ifi
ong Van den Burg giii tdi (6).

Ngdy 3 thdng Hai, mpt thuyen mfinh
eiia Cdng ty dfi dUde cii tQ Dfii Loan di tdi
nhQng dao Liukiu, ed vien thuyen phd
Johan Jurriaansz di theo, vdi nhipm vy Ifi
tim kiem nhQng md vfing mfi ngUdi ta ndi
rfing ed d tren nhQng hdn dao nfiy, vfi sau


70

dd Ifi tien hfinh thfim thfnh ve nhQng md
vfing dd. 6 n g ta trd v l ngfiy 18 thang Hai.
Theo bfio cao ciia dng ta, d Pibamba, trong
vung phu cfin eiia Liukiu da cd vfing, vfi
dng hofing d dd da ddng y het sQc giiip dd
chung ta trong cdng vipe khai thfie kim
loai. Mpt ngudi Trung Qud'c da tQng d xQ dd
trong 14 nfim qua quyet rfing ed vfing d
Pibamba, vfi xin dUde dfin dUdng cho ehiing
tdi tdi dia dilm dd. NgUdi nfiy da di den d
lai Dfii Loan trong 10 ngfiy d l cung cfi'p
them cac tin tQc. 6 Dfii Loan ngUdi ta vQa
cdng bd nhQng sfic lenh mdi thiet lfip mpt
mQc thue 10% ddi vdi loai thit hUdu, da sdn
dUdng, hofing eon vfi nhQng loai gaeh Ifim d
Saceam.
- Ngdy 5 thdng Ba. Ngfiy 5 thfing Ba
chung tdi tien den gfin vinh Turon (hay
Touran) (8). MQdi sfiu ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha
mfi chung tdi dfin dp tQ Dfii Loan dupe
phdng thich vfi gtti len bd. Ngfiy 26 thfing
Hai, mpt ngfiy sau khi chung tdi khdi hfinh
tQ Dfii Loan, chung tdi dfi bi mfi't lien lac
vdi chide thuyen mfinh vfi tQ dd eung khdng
thfi'y lai nd nQa. Hai t h i y tu ngUdi Bd Dfio
Nha d tren tfiu ciia chung tdi thi v i n h\ giQ
lai. NhQng hfing hda chd den Quinam (9)
dupe dd khdi tfiu vfi sau dd chung tdi tra lai
tu do eho hai t h i y tu Bd Dfio Nha. Ngudi ta
dfi elm giQ hp lai bdi vi mpt trong nhiing

vien chQe eua thUdng diem ehiing tdi d
Quinam da chay tron vfi ngUdi ta cho rfing
ngUdi dd da sang d ben nhQng ngUdi Bd
Dfio Nha. Tuy nhien, nhQng ngQdi nfiy
khfing dinh rfing hp khdng chQa chfi'p vien
chQc kia, vfi ngUdi ta da tha hai t h i y tu Bd
Dfio Nha. 6 Quinam, chung tdi mua mdt
chide thuyen mfinh khfic de thay the chiee
bi mfi't trong chuyen di.
- 13 thdng Ba. Ngfiy 13 thfing Ba (1637),
chung tdi rdi Quinam. Chide thuyen mfinh
dupe tra lai vi nd d trong tinh trang khdng

R g h i ^ curu L|ch siir. sg 4.2009
tdt. Ong Dueher chuyin cho dng Hartsinek
ban ghi nhd sau dfiy ve xQ Dfing Ngofii:
"XQ Dfing Ngofii vfi xii Quinam (Dfing
Trong) dang cd chien tranh (10). NhQng
nha vua cua 2 xQ nfiy rfi't tQc gifin nhau.
Tuy nhien, nhQng thUdng nhfin eiia 2 xQ
vfin dupe phdp tiep tuc budn bfin vdi nhau.
Vi the, trong thdi gian lUu lai Dfing Ngofii,
chung ta vfin cd cd hpi lien lac vdi thUdng
nhan ciia chung ta d Quinam. Trong thang
11 nfim 1636, gifi td rfi't ha d Dfing Ngofii,
xudng den mQc ehi cdn 45 lang (bac) mpt
ta. TQ khi cd 3 chide thuyen mfinh Bd Dfio
Nha tdi, mpt chiee vfio cudi thfing 11, chide
khfic vfio ngfiy 15 thfing Hai, gifi td lai len
den 60 lang mpt ta. Nhfi vua dfi chiem

dung vdn tdi 40.000 lang bac do ngUdi Bd
Dfio Nha dem lai vfi hQa se cung cfip cho hp
bfing to vdi sdtien dd. Trong sd" 40.000 lang
ndi tren, cd 30 hdm t i l n bac midng Nhfit
Ban, trong tieng Hfi Lan gpi Ifi Schuitjes
hay Schuitgeld.
NhQng nhfi vua Quinam vfi Dfing Ngofii
cd hp hfing vdi nhau. NgUdi ta se lpi dung
chuyen di thfim cua tfiu Grol tdi Dfing
Ngofii de bf mfit tim hieu xem lipu nhfi vua
xQ Dfing Ngofii cd t h i hofic ed mudn giup
chung ta ddi lai so t i l n 23.580 rdales da
dupe cQu thofit tQ chide tfiu dfim
Grootenbrock vfi dfi bj nhQng ngUdi
Quinam chiem lfiy mpt cfich bfit hpp phap
hay khdng. Tuy nhien, cdng vipe nfiy se
phai dfin xep mpt cfich hdt sQc te nhi vfi bf
mfit vfi dQng ndi dieu dd cho ban thfin nhfi
vua hofic ngay ca den eho mdt trong nhQng
nhfi quy tpc d t r i l u dinh, vi tfit ca mpi dieu
gi xay ra d t r i l u dinh Dfing Ngofii cung sg
dupe bf mfit bfio cao tdi trilu dinh Quinam,
vfi neu xQ nfiy mfi biet dUdc nhQng f do eiia
chung ta, thi t i t ca nhiing vien chQe ciia
cdng ty Ifim vipe tai thUdng diem se phai
dUdng d i u vdi nhQng noi nguy hilm ldn lao


Fthumg thuong nhto Tth Lan d£u H^n...
nhfit, lue dd cfii qudc gia tfin bao nfiy s§.

khdng chfim tre tien hfinh mpt tfi'm tham
kich thuc sU.
"Ky ngdy 12-3-1637"
• 18 thdng Ba • Ngfiy 18 thang Ba chung
tdi gfip phai thdi tiet xfiu vfi gid quay thdi
ngUpe chilu, chung tdi bd neo tai vung phu
cfin Turon. Budi sfing, chung tdi nhin thfiy
eon tau (Hfi Lan) Rurop ra khdi vinh
Turon.
- 23 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 23 thang Ba chung
tdi lai chuyen hUdng tfiu di Dfing Ngofii.
- 26 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 26 thfing Ba ehiing
tdi d 17''2' vi Bfic. Chiing toi di theo hUdng
Tfiy Bfic vfi Tfiy Tfiy Bfic. Chung tdi nhin
thfi'y mpt hdn dao.
- Ngdy 27 thdng Ba. Lp trinh ciia chiing
tdi theo hudng Tfiy - Tay Bfic, d 17''49' vi
Bfic. Chung tdi dfit ten cho hdn dao nfiy Ifi
dao Grol (11). Tfiu eiia chung tdi di giQa
dao nfiy vfi 2 mui dfi't. Hdn dao nfiy khdng
thfi'y cd tren tfi'm ban dd eua thuyen tnidng
Hendrick Arendsz.
- 29 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 29 thfing Ba chung
tdi trdng thfi'y dao Sahou (nhfit ky ghi
Sahoe), each 3 dfim v l phfa Nam. Chung
tdi ludt nhanh d hUdng Nam Tfiy Nam ve
phfa dao Frakaki, dp sfiu 12 sai nUdc eho
cfich ben dao mpt dfim. Ve phfa Ddng dao
nfiy, nUde giam bdt dfin dp sfiu. O quang
giQa cfic hdn dao Sahou vfi Frakaki dp sfiu

eiia biln Ifi 12 sai nUde. Budi chieu ehiing
tdi budng neo d bd biln phfa Tfiy dao
Frakaki (12), dp sfiu 5 sai nUde each dd mpt
dfim v l phfa Bfic - Ddng Bfic vfi Ddng Bfic,
ed mpt bfii dfi thfi'p vfi phfing vfi nhilu mdn
da ngim. V l phfa Tfiy cung cd nhilu mdm
da ngim cd le dupe tao nen bdi cfic bfii da
ho$c dai cfit dudi biln.

71
Chung tdi quyet dinh cxi vien trd ly
Huibrecht Eems vfi ngUdi phien dich Striek
len bd vdi mpt mdn qufi cd gia tri chQng tQ
8 den 10 lang bfing hfing hda Nhfit Ban.
NhQng ngUdi nfiy phai di tdi gfip vi quan
dia phUdng, xin dng ta thdng bfio vdi nhfi
vua xQ Dfing Ngofii ve vipe tfiu chung tdi
den vfi keu clu Ngfii eho phep chung tdi len
bp efing sdm efing tdt, vdi nhQng hfing hda
eiia chung tdi, nhQng mdn tfing phfim vfi Ifi
thQ g^i len nhfi vua.
- 30 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 30 thang Ba,
chung tdi cii vien trp ly vfi ngUdi phien dich
len bd. NhQng mdn tfing phfim Ifi:
-I- Bdn chide fi'm dun nQdc, mdi chide 1 lit
-I- Bdn chide fim dun nUde, moi chide nvta
lft
-t- Hai binh pha chd bfing kim loai
+ Hai thanh gUdm Nhfit Ban (eatabre)
NgUdi hoa tieu ed nhipm v\i thfim dd cQa

sdng Giang (13). Anh ta thfi'y eho dd khdng
sfiu hdn tQ 8^^ ddn 9 bp nUdc. Anh ta dUpe
dfin chung ddn tidp tQ te.
- Ngdy 1 thdng TQ - Ngfiy 1 thang TU,
chung tdi nhfin dUde 1 bQc thU ciia mpt vi
quan vfi nhQng mdn qufi tfing sau day:
-I- 5000 ddng tiln (tieng Nhfit la Zdni)
•1- Mpt con ldn sdng
Vien si quan chi huy nhQng chidn
thuyen vfi 3 nhfi quy tpc Dfing Ngofii mang
nhQng tfing phfim den cho chung tdi.
La thQ viet: "Ong rfi't hfii long ve vi^c
nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan tdi dfiy vfi dQc vua ed
le eung hfii long nhU vfiy. Rfing ngUdi Hfi
Lan se phai tra thue nhfip cang dfinh vfio
hfing hda, thue neo dfiu tfiu, rfing hfing hda
se khdng bfit dfiu dUpe dd khdi tfiu trUde
khi Ipnh cho phdp dUpe giii tdi, rfing tfi't ca


R g h i ^ ciJru Ljch siSr. s6 4.2009

72

se hi tich thu neu vi pham nhQng quy tfic
dd. Rfing ngudi ta se khdng bfin sung dai
bae mfi ngUde lai ngUdi ta phai giQ yen lanh
hoan tofin".
Chung tdi nghi rfing tfi't ca nhiing menh
Ipnh dd dUa den eho chung tdi Ifi diia theo y

kien eiia mpt thfiy tu ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha
dang d ndi dd.
Chung tdi da chuyen giao eho vien
thuyen trUdng (ngUdi Dfing Ngofii) chi huy
nhQng chien thuyen vfi 3 nhfi quy tpc mpt
so' tfing phfim sau day:
-I- nfim cfii jackan (fi'm dun nUde Nhfit)
ldn
+ bd'n cfii jackan nhd
-I- hai cai quitasalles (Ipng, du) ldn
-I- hai cai quitasalles nhd
+ bdn cfii cantaber (thanh gUdm) nhd
-I- sfiu cfii quat
Chung tdi dUde thdng bfio rfing d Dfing
Ngofii cd rfi't nhieu td lua, cd t h i chfi't dfiy
hdn ba con tfiu. Chung tdi khfing dinh rfing
nhQng menh Ipnh dUde ban ra se dUpe
chung tdi chfip hanh vfi chung toi se khdng
Ifim bfit cQ dieu gi xfi'u hofic sai trai ddi vdi
dfin chung. Den day chi vdi nhQng y dinh
tot nhfit vfi trong mpt muc dfch hofin tofin
hQu hao, chung tdi xin hdi tai sao ngUdi ta
ehUa cho vien trd ly vfi ngUdi phien dich
cua chung tdi trd ve tfiu. NgUdi ta tra ldi
cho chung tdi Ifi "cac dng dd ngfiy mai se trd
lai cung vdi cac vi quan".
- 2 thdng TQ - Ngfiy hdm nay, 2 thfing
Tu, vien trp ly vfi ngUdi phien dich dfi trd
lai cung vdi vien t h u y i n trUdng ngUdi Dfing
Ngofii vfi hai vien thU ky. Mpt trong sd

nhQng binh Ifnh cua chung tdi cd ten Ifi
Wolf vfi mpt ngUdi ban xQ vfin cdn h\ ngUdi

Dfing Ngofii lUu giQ. Cfic dng Eems (trp ly)
vfi Striek (phien dich) da dUde ddi xii tii t l .
NgUdi ta dfi thfim vfi'n hp v l Iy do ngUdi Hfi
Lan den dfiy vfi ngUdi ta da hdi rfing hp den
dfiy Ifi do cd y dinh tQ trUde hay budc phai
den do gfip sU co hofic bi bao tfip. Hp tra ldi
rfing hp da tQ Nhfit Ban den vfi rfing tidng
tfim v l an dQc cua nhfi vua xQ Dfing Ngofii
vfi lenh efi'm tQ nay ngfin can ngUdi Nhfit
(14) den budn ban d Dfing Ngofii dfi khien
dng tnidng thUdng vu ngUdi Hfi Lan tai
Nhfit Ban quyet dinh cii mpt con tfiu den
Dfing Ngofii di chQng td nhQng mdi quan
hp giao hao vfi budn ban vdi xQ nfiy. Sau dd
hp da nfii m xin cfic vien quan dUde mau
ehdng cho tfiu ngUde ddng sdng cung vdi
hfing hda.
Luc dfiu, nhQng qufi bieu eiia vien trd ly
mang theo bi tQ chdi, vi gifi trj ciia nd qufi
nhd mpn vfi khdng xQng vdi phfim trfit cua
nhfin vfit dupe tfing. NhUng sau dd dng
quan nfiy cung nhfin lai vdi Iy do rfing
ngUdi Hfi Lan Ifi ngUdi ngoai qudc, cd t h i
mien thQ eho hp vi dilu da khdng td tQdng
phong tuc eua xQ sd. Thfim ehf cdn hdn thd
nQa: dng ta yeu c l u chung tdi cho dng ta
mQdn 5 hdm bac di mua cho chung tdi td

vfi que. Vien trd ly tra ldi rfing quyen han
eua minh khdng dUde phdp dfip Qng mpt
yeu clu nhu vfiy. Vien quan bdn yeu clu
ngUdi e l m d i u chuyen viin hfinh Ifi
Hartsinek den nhfi dng ta de thUdng thao
vu vipe nfiy. Hartsinek bfiy td rfing dng
mudn eho con tfiu tien den g i n hdn, nhUng
hinh nhu khdng t h i nfio di chuyin dUpe, vi
dp sfiu cua ddng sdng khdng qufi tQ 9 ddn
10 bd (khoang tQ 2,75m - 3,05m), trong khi
dp chim eua tau Ifi 13 bp nUdc. Vien quan
tra ldi Ifi ban thfin minh eung khdng biet ldi
di tdt nha't, nhUng dng se cii nhQng ngUdi
thanh thao kinh nghipm v l v i n d l nfiy vfi
se chi bao cho dudng di tot nhfit". Vi vfiy


Rhumg thuang nh&n T)h Lan ddu Hte...
nhQng ngudi Hfi Lan khdng cdn thfiy cin
phai dUa con tfiu den Schephay (15) vfi bd
neo ben hdn dao Hai tfic (Roovers eiland)
nhu ^ dinh luc trUde ciia hp.
- 3 thdng TQ. Ngfiy 3 thang Tu, chung
tdi quyet dinh rfing ngfii sdp Hartsinek cd
Vincent Romeyn di kdm se den thfim vi
quan mang theo mpt tfing phfim cd gifi tri
60 lang bae. NgUdi ta se yeu clu vien quan
thdng bfio cho nhfi vua Dfing Ngoai vipe
chung tdi den cang sdm cang tdt. Ddng thdi
ngUdi ta mudii giao cho dng ta khoan 1.000

lang bfing tien bac vfi hfing hda d l mua hp
chung tdi nhQng san phfim Dfing Ngofii.
Chiing tdi sd Ifim dng ta phfit y hoae phai
kdo dfii vo cd cupe thfim vieng cua chiing tdi
ndu chung tdi khdng chiu hien tfing nhU
vfiy. Tren tfiu, vfin cd 20 hdm bae dupe giQ
bf mfit, gifiu kin trong chide xudng trUde
khi Hartsinek khdi hfinh. Ddi vdi ehu nhfin
chile tfiu (ldn), ngUdi ta giao lai eho 2.000
lang bfing bae mieng (tien Schuitges), vdi
dilu kipn dng ta phai thdng bao kip thdi
eho Hartsinek trong trUdng hdp dng ta
khdng t h i dQng hdt sd bae dd trong vdng
mpt thfing di mua nhQng hfing hda Dfing
Ngofii.
Sau dd, vfio buoi chilu, Hartsinek vfi
Vincent Romeyn eho tfiu khdi hfinh nhQng
khdng t h i ngUde ddng sdng tien xa hdn
dupe vi nude chay xidt. Hp bfit bupc phai
dQng lai d lfing Giang, ndi hp qua dem
trong ehd d ciia ngudi phi^n dich Nhfit Ban
Guando, ngUdi nfiy xin tfin tinh giup dd hp
chQng nfio minh cdn ed t h i . Theo y anh ta,
cho vien quan kia vfio lue nfiy mpt mdn qufi
tfing ldn nhQ vfiy thi thfit Ifi hofin tofin vd
fch, nhfi't Ifi khi ehUa biet chfic rfing li^u
tfiu ed the vfio dupe ddng sdng hay khdng.
Va lai, ndu chung tdi bfit budc phai tim mpt
vung do khfic, thi chung toi se ehfing cdn
vi$c gi d l Ifim vdi dng ta, mfi sau dd, thi

73

chung tdi vfin bfit budc phai ed khdng ft
nhQng mdn qufi tfing eho cfic quan cai ba
tfiu (kapados) (16) khi hp den de giai quyet
cdng vipe budn bfin. D l tra ldi vipe vien
quan yeu cfiu 5.000 lang, ngUdi ta ndi rfing
thii trudng, ngfii Nicolas Koeckbacher
trong Ifi thu gQi nhfi vua dfi dUa ra mpt
danh muc chfnh xfic tfi't ca nhQng gi d tren
eon tfiu.
Nhfin dupe tra ldi nhU vfiy, vien quan
thdi khong nfii dp nQa ve ehuypn mUpn
tien. Vien thdng ngdn ngUdi Nhfit mudn
chQng td thipn y eiia minh ddi vdi ehiing
tdi, da gdi mpt ldi nhfin tin cho ngUdi phien
dich d Ourusra [d nhfi Ourusan?] clu xin
ngUdi nfiy bfiy di tdi kinh thfinh Catchiou
(17) [Ke Chd], de thdng bfio cho nhfi vua
vi^c chung tdi den vfi de xin ngfii mpt la
thu bao Ifinh.
- 4 thdng Til. TQ sang tinh md, chung toi
rdi khdi Giang de ngUdc ddng sdng ddn eho
vien quan d, mpt dia diem cfich Giang
chQng 8 dfim dia ly. Vfio luc mpt gid dem
khuya, chung tdi den dia diem dd, ndi
ngUdi ta tiep nhan chung tdi vdi tidng
chieng trdng fim i, dUdi finh sang cua vd sd
ngpn dude. Dpi quan Ifnh gom cd 200 ngUdi

dQng thfinh hfing dpc bd sdng, elm sung
hoa thUdng ed ludi le. Sau khi dfit chan len
bp, chung tdi dUde dfin ve ndi d ciia vien
quan. Ong nfiy d trong mpt ngdi nhfi bfing
tre uy nghi trang trpng, giQa nhQng chQc
sfic vfi binh hnh ciia dng. Chung tdi ngdi
tren chide chieu vfi sau khi chung tdi thi ll
chfio theo kilu Hfi Lan, bfit dfiu trao ddi
cupe dien tQ. Qua ldi ngUdi phien dich, vien
quan ndi vdi chung tdi rfing chung tdi Ifi
nhQng ngUdi dUde hoan nghenh. 6ng xin
ldi vi eho d ciia dng ft dupe lich sii vfi mdi
chung tdi xudng ngii dem dUdi dofin chiln
thuyen.


74

Chiing tdi dap: "Qua nhQng ngudi ban
Nhat Ban cua chung tdi (18), chung tdi da
biet den an dQc vfi Idng td't cua mdt dQc vua
vui long cho phep mpi ngUdi ngoai qud'c ddn
xQ sd cua ngfii budn bfin, vfi hdn nQa, ngUdi
da che chd, bao hp hp. Quan thdng linh chi
huy edng viec budn ban trong de qudc Nhfit
Ban, nhan danh dng hoang nUde Ha Lan vfi
Tdng cdng ty Ddng fi'n, vi the dfi quyet dinh
cif eon tfiu eua chung tdi den Dfing Ngofii
de dUa nhQng hdng hda cua chung tdi den
phue vu DQc Hofing thUdng (Dfing Ngofii).

Do vay chung tdi la nhQng ngudi dai dipn,
chQ khdng phai chi Ifi nhQng tU thUdng nhu
nhQng ngUdi Nhat Ban hofic nhQng ngUdi
Bd Dfio Nha. Cae vUdng cdng va nhQng
ngai chu nhan eiia chung tdi da ed nhilu
thUdng diem dfit tai cae xQ sd An Dp, Nhdt
Ban, Trung Hoa, Cao Mien, Xiem La..., ndi
nhQng ngUdi phuc vu eiia cac ngai da budn
ban va sinh song trong tinh hQu nghi vdi
nhQng nhd vua ciia tfit ca cac dat nQdc dd.
Vi vay, ehiing tdi kfnh xin Quy dQc dng
(vien quan) vui long cii cho mpt ngUdi dai
dipn cdng sdm cang td't ve kinh dd kfnh tfiu
len hofing thupng ve vipe chung tdi den.
Khi dupe phdp, dodn thuyen eua chung tdi
chd hfing hda vfi nhQng tfing phfim ciia
Cong ty dang len hofing thUdng luc dd cd
the ngUde ddng sdng. Chung tdi eung thdng
bao vdi vien quan rfing ngai thdng linh eua
chung toi d Nhat Ban ra lenh cho chung tdi
la phai di cung vdi con tau vao ddng sdng,
nhUng vi tfiu thuyen cua chung tdi chim
khfi sfiu trong nUdc vfi ngay tQ khi mdi den
chung tdi da biet long sdng khdng du sfiu,
eho nen chung tdi bfit bupc phai d lai vung
do khdng td't, ben hdn dao Frakaki. Chung
toi ndi them rfing tQ khi chung tdi khdi
hanh d Nhat Ban da gdp phai bao td lien
mien va bi mfit ba neo tau va nhieu day kdo
day ehfing, vi the khdng dUde chufin bi tdt

de chju diing nhQng cdn gid manh. Cdng ty

R g h i ^ cijru Lich sit. s6 4.2009
ciia chiing tdi ed nguy ed bj tdn thfi^t Idn, vfi
ehiing tdi se khdng phuc vu dUdc hofing
thUdng mdt cfich chu dao chitog nfio chiing
tdi chUa ed mdt eho neo dfiu thfeh h(?p, vi
the chiing tdi cfiu ngQdi vui Idng chi gfip
cho chung tdi mdt vung dfiu tfiu chfic chfin".
Vien quan tra ldi: "Vipe chiing tdi den
chfic chfin se Ifim hofing thUdng hfii Idng.
Vfi dng dfi cii ngUdi khfin bfio den hofing
thupng de NgUdi biet dUdc vipe chung tdi
den. Ngfiy mai dng ta se lai cii mpt dai bilu
thQ hai bfio tin rfing chung tdi se dpi cfic
quan cai ba tfiu vfi cfic thuyin chdo trong 6,
7 ngfiy tdi. Ong ta dfin Ifi hay cho tfiu vfio
trong sdng vfi dng ta bao dam rfing miic
nude sdng dii sau. Chung tdi phan bac lai
rfing nhQng eupe thfim dd dfi chQng minh
eho chung tdi dilu ngUde lai, vfi rfing, mfic
du chung tdi khdng hfii long nhUng chung
tdi khdng t h i den dupe". Hdn nQa, d l
thuyet phuc dng ta them, chung tdi yeu cfiu
ed mpt hoa tieu ngudi Dfing Ngofii de eung
vdi hoa tieu cua chfnh chung tdi thfim sfit
lai long sdng.
Vien quan dap: "Chung tdi cd t h i tim
mpt vung do tfiu khfic ben dao DQc vua
(Konings eiland) (19), trong trUdng hpp ndu

qua thiic Ifi chung thfiy Idng sdng qufi ndng
ddi vdi con tfiu cua chung tdi". Cudi cung
dng dfii tide chung tdi theo phong tuc Dfing
Ngofii vfi sau bQa fin chieu, dng mdi t r I u
(pinang) chung tdi. Ong mdi chung tdi nghi
lai nhfi cua dng chi mpt dem hdm fiy, chung
tdi dfi kfnh cfin nhfin ldi. Cng ta chfio tQ
bipt chiing tdi mdt cfich rfi't kha fii vfi quay
lai eho nhQng t h u y i n chdo d l lfi'y nhQng
vfit dupe tfing mfi dng da d l d dfiy, cd m^t
vien si quan vfi mpt vj qu^ quan canh giQ.
NhQng tfing phfim bao gdm:
- 3,5 aune [1 aune = 1,188m] da dd
- hai tfi'm Sarasse (vai hoa mfiu xQ
Coromandel - An Dp)


RhOmg thuong nhdn T}d Lan d£u tito...
- hai t i m Salemporis (vai vung Calcutta
-An Dp)
- hai cai gUdng soi
Sau dd ft Ifiu, mdt vfii vien si quan trd
lai eho chung tdi vfi thQa Ipnh dng quan,
ndi vdi chiing tdi rfing mdn qufi tfing Ifi ft di
vfi vi quan mudn tra lai nd vfio sfing ngfiy
mai. Chung tdi ndi rfing xin quan vui Idng
nhfin cho nhU mdt d i u hipu kfnh trpng v l
p h i n t h u y i n trUdng eua con tfiu chiing tdi,
chQ khdng phai la ve phfa edng ty. Chiing
tdi them rfing sau dfiy chung toi mudn

dupc bieu dng ta mdt mdn qufi tfing nhfin
danh cdng ty, khi nhQng quan cai tfiu
(kapados) den vfi con tfiu dUpc bao dam an
ninh. Chung tdi c l u mong dUpe dng ta bao
hp d l nhQng ngUdi eiia chung tdi khdng
phai chiu tdn thfi't khi hp gvti hfing hda
ngUpe len thUdng ngudn cua ddng sdng.
Lue dd dng ta td ra hfii Idng vfi khong ndi
ehuypn v l nhQng mdn qufi tfing ciia chung
tdi nQa.
- 5 thdng TQ. Cac dng Hartsinek vfi
Vincent Romeyn dap xud'ng cfic thuyen
ehdo theo yeu c l u ciia vien quan. Hp hQa se
ed nhQng mdn qufi tfing quan trpng hdn
ngay khi eon tfiu di vfio trong sdng. Vien
quan hdi chung tdi rfing lipu cd tinh ed
mang theo ma nfio, san hd dd hofic vfing
rdng hay khdng. Chung tdi tra ldi Ifi cd, vfi
hdi dng ta rfing ngUdi ta cd t h i bfin nhQng
mdn hfing dd d Dfing Ngofii vdi gifi bao
nhieu. Ong ta tra ldi rfing chi cd nhfi vua vfi
nhQng nhfi quyen quy d trong nUde mdi
mua nhQng mdn dd dd. Ong ta ndi ngUdi ta
ddn rfing tren mfit biln chung tdi xua dudi
ngudi Bd Dfio Nha vfi ngUdi Trung Qudc.
Chiing tdi tra ldi rfing nhQng ngQdi Bd Dfio
Nha (20) Ifi ke dich ciia chiing tdi vfi da
khdng tQ mpt cd hdi nfio d l vu khdng chung
tdi ddi vdi cae qudc gia khfic, ludn luon bdi

75
nhp xuyen tac chung tdi. Cdn thiic ra Ifi
tnidc kia chung tdi cd chien tranh vdi
nhQng ngUdi Trung Qude, sau nhilu hfinh
ddng phan bdi khfic nhau mfi trong dd
chung tdi Ifi nhQng nan nhfin, nhUng hipn
nay cupe chien dd da chfim dQt vfi chung tdi
khdng cdn Ifim dilu gi tdn hai den nhQng
ngudi Trung Qudc. Nhin chung, ngUdi Hfi
Lan chi mudn yen dn Ifim fin budn bfin,
sdng thufin hda vdi cfic nUde ben ngofii, vfi
trong mpi trUdng hdp hp phai dung den vu
khf thi sU gay chidn khdng phai Ifi den tQ
phfa hp. Chung tdi ddi xii vdi nhau nhU ban
bd vfi trd v l lfing Giang, ndi chung tdi den
vfio luc 6 gid chilu. Ddng nUde dfi ngfin can
ehiing tdi xudng xa hdn, vfi chung tdi dem
dd bupc phai nghi lai d nhfi ngUdi phien
dich (Nhfit Ban) Guando.
- 6 thdng Til. Cfic dng Hartsinek vfi
Vincent Romeyn trd v l tfiu Grol. Chiing tdi
nhfin dupe mpt ldi phue dfip cd lpi ciia vien
quan. Chung tdi dUde biet rfing nhQng
ngudi Bd Dfio Nha nfim nay da den Dfing
Ngofii vdi 2 thuyen mfinh vfi mpt tfiu budn
hipu Hfi Lan (galiote). Mpt thuyin mfinh
ldn ehd cfic gifio si - paters jonk - dfi sfin
sfing ehd thufin gid gifing budm di Ma Cao.
Lp trinh thdng thudng ciia nhQng ngUdi Bd
Dfio Nha Ifi di giQa bd biln Trung Hoa vfi

dao Hai Nam (Ainam), tQ dd hp tdi cae dao
Tontio rdi lai tQ dd di Ma Cao.
- 7 thdng TQ. Chung tdi mang dfi len tfiu
d l giQ eho tfiu thfing bfing.
- 8 thdng TQ. Vien thuyin tnidng ngQdi
Dfing Ngofii vfi 3 ngQdi Dfing Ngofii khfic
den tfiu de giup chung tdi trong hfinh trinh
di tdi nhQng dao DQc Vua (Konings
Eilanden).
- 9 thdng TQ. Chung tdi giong budm,
budng neo rdi lai nhd neo. Vl thdi tiet xiu


76

Rghien curu Lich si!ir. sg 4.2009

chung tdi budc trd v l eho tha neo ben dao
Frakaki.
- 10 thdng TQ. Chung tdi khdng Ifim gi
ca.
- 11 thdng TQ. Chung tdi len dudng vfi
cfim neo d bd biln phfa Tay Nam hdn dao
Sahou, sfiu 10 sai nUde,
•12-14
thdng TQ. Ngdy 12 thdng TQ
chung tdi giong budm vfi den ngfiy 14 thi
tdi vung do d bd bien phfa Tfiy cua hdn dao
ldn gpi Ifi dao Hai tfic (Roovers Eiland).
Chung tdi qua ngUdi phien dich Nhfit Ban

dupe biet rfing nhQng dai bieu cua nhfi vua
da tdi, nhQng vi khdng thfi'y ngUdi Hfi Lan
nen hp dfi di tdi lfing Giang d l chi huy
nhQng thuyen e i n thiet eho viec bdc dd
hfing hda. Anh ta eho rfing nhQng vien chQc
dd ed le se trd lai trong hay hay ba ngfiy tdi.
Chung tdi tfing cho ehua dao Hai tfic:
1. Hai cfii Jackan ldn (fi'm dun nUdc
Nhat Ban)
2. Bdn cai Jackan nhd
3. Mpt binh pha chd kim loai
4. Sau cfii quat

ngdn Guando vfi Striek. Ho dUdc tidp dai fin
c i n vfi biet rfing vi$e chiing tdi ddn da Ifim
nhfi vua rfi't hfii long, vfi ngUdi ta dfi ehd dpi
nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan tQ nfim ngoai, vi
ngudi Bd Dfio Nha dfi loan bao v l dU dinh
eua chung tdi. Hp ludn nhfie lai nhQng ldi
vu khdng quen thupc, xiii bfiy nhfi vua
ehdng lai chung tdi. Thfim chf hp cdn canh
bao rfing cd t h i chung tdi cd y dinh am hai
nhfi vua, rfing chiing tdi se den yet kiln
ngfii cd mang gUdm gifio vfi siing diig, rfing
chiing tdi di tQ Quinam den dfiy. Tuy nhien
tfi't ea nhQng ldi ndi nham nhf dd dfi khdng
tac dpng dUdc tdi nhfi vua nhU hp mong
muon.
- 18 thdng TQ. Dofin dai bilu ciia nhfi
vua ra mfit d mot ndi tren bd g i n cho tfiu

chung tdi dfiu. Hp yeu c l u vien thuyin
trudng cua chiing tdi hfiy ddn nghe tuyen
dpc Ifi thu cua nhfi vua. Cfic dng Hartsinek
vfi Vincent Romeyn bdn rdi tfiu ddn dia
diem tren dfit liln, ndi ngUdi ta se dpc vfi
giai thfeh Ifi thU. La thU dUdc hilu ^ nhU
sau:
Thu eiia nhfi vua Dfing Ngofii

Nhfi vua lfi'y Ifim hfii Idng v l vi^c nhQng
ngUdi
Hfi Lan den. NhQng dai bilu da dUpe
- 15 thdng TQ. Chung tdi ehfing cd vipe
cii
d
l
dfin nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan vfi hfing
gi Ifim.
hda v l tdi trieu dinh. L i n nfiy, ngUdi ta
- 17 thdng TQ. Chung tdi gifi'u cfi't di 18
khdng khfim xdt con tfiu nhU thudng 1$,
hdm bae de khdi bi tim thfi'y khi khfim xdt
nhUng nhfi vua mudii rfing hp phai trao cho
tfiu.
mpt ban danh muc chfnh xfic v l t i t ca mpi
- Dofin dai bieu da den vdi khoang 16, 17 . vfit phfim chQa tren tfiu, khdng dU«?c gilu
chide thuyen chdo, cd nhipm vu chuyen chd gidm b i t cQ thQ gi.
theo nhQng hfing hda tdi kinh thfinh Ke
Sau dd cfic dai bieu dfi len tfiu, kdm theo
Chd. Hp tha neo d g i n con tfiu vfi mang

mpt so ddng binh si, dieu mfi ehiing tdi cho
theo tren thuyen mpt ngUdi Nhfit Ban
Ifi do nhQng thdng tin ddi trfi ciia ngUdi Bo
thdng thao tieng Dfing Ngofii vfi tieng Bd
Dfio Nha. Trong cudc ndi chuydn, chiing tdi
Dfio Nha (21).
da phfit hi§n ra nguyen cd ciia si^ nghi ky
Cfic dng Hartsinek vfi Vincent Romesm canh gific ciia hp, vfi de ti^ bao v§, chiing tdi
xud'ng cfic thuyin cung vdi hai vien thdng dfi dUa ra ldi giai thfeh thudng tinh. Chiing


RhCmg thuong nhto "^h Lan dau ti^n...
tdi dfi k l tdi Nhfit Ban, ndi mfi chung tdi da
ed nhQng mdi quan h$ tdt dep nhfit vdi
chinh quyin (22), mfi ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha thi
khdng Ifim dUde nhU vfiy, hp dfi bi khoanh
vfio mpt hdn dao r i t nhd. Chung tdi ndi v l
viec budn bfin sau nfiy vdi Dfing Ngofii, vdi
nhQng chide tfiu ldn. Chung tdi tQ biet
nhau nhu ban bd. NhUng hfing hda dUde
bdc dd khdi con tfiu.
-19 thdng TQ. Vfio lue 9 gid sfing, chung
tdi giong budm vdi 10 chide thuyin chfit
diy hang hda ciia Cdng ty vfi cua cfic dai
bilu. Tdi liic mfit trdi Ifin, chung tdi tdi
sdng Coua lacq (23) Ifi ndi chung tdi dang
dinh den.
- 20 thdng TQ. Tam chide thuyen da tdi
lfing Jansy. Cac bdn bfii chung quanh trdng
cfi'y tdt tUdi, phong canh ngoan mue.

- 21 thdng TQ. LUC mpt gid ehilu, chung
tdi g^p chide thuyen mfinh ehd eac cha ed
(paters jonk) eua ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha vfi mpt
thuyin mfinh hipu Hfi Lan (galiote), cd mpt
thuyin chidn dung mai ehdo cua nhfi vua di
kdm. Chung tdi dUde biet rfing chide thuyen

CHU

dd chd 620 ta td sd'ng. Chide thuyin mfinh
dfi den tQ thfing 11, cdn chide thuyin budm
galiote den vfio thang 12 nfim ngofii. Chung
tdi tide rfing con tfiu Waterlooge Werve cua
chung tdi khdng t h i tdi dUde vi theo hoach
dinh, hfin con tfiu cdn dang vUpt trung
dUdng.
- 22 thdng TQ. Vfio budi chieu, chiing tdi
den Ke Chd, va hQa hpn vdi vien quan vfi
vien cai ba tfiu nhiing dieu tdt dpp, neu nhU
hp bao dam cho chiing tdi dUde budn ban
thufin ldi trong xQ. Hp xin chung tdi nhQdng
cho hp 2 hdm bac di trao ddi bfing vipe hp se
cung cfi'p td eho chung tdi, ndi rfing dd Ifi tyc
lp eiia nhQng thUdng nhfin Nhfit Ban ciing
nhu thUdng nhan cfic nUde khfic. Mfic du
chung tdi ehfing lfi'y g^ Ifim thich thu ifim khi
nhUdng eho hp sd bac, tuy nhien ngUdi ta da
quydt dinh Ifim dieu dd, sau nhieu cupe
thUdng thao. Theo y kien cua ngUdi phien
dich, chung tdi se dUa cho hp 2 hdm bac, vdi

dilu kipn Ifi phai cung cfi'p cho chung tdi mpt
trpng lupng td loai mpt gfi'p 17 Ifin hdn trpng
lupng bac (17 fackaer) (24).
(Cdn nQa)

THtCH

Cfim dn TS. Hoing Anh Tuft'n, TrUcIng
DHKHXH&NV da giji y giiip trong vi^c djch mOt
sff tit chuyen m6n .
(1). Djch theo ban djch tifi'ng Phfip cua Geerta:
Voyage du yacht hollandais "Grol" du Japon au
Tonkin (31 Janvier 1637, 8 Aout 1637) dfing trong
Revue Indochinoise, t.V.n° 55&56 (1907). Tvit chu
thich (2) trd di Ifi chu thfeh cua Geerts, trii nhOng
chS ghi them [...] Ifi ciia ngUcli dich.
(2). Trong ti§'ng Hfi Lan c6' tis "yacht" chi mpt
tfiu biln, ngfiy nay txi nay c6 nghia Ifi mpt "du
thuydn".

77

(3). ThUdng diS'm dfiu tien cua ngUdi Hfi Lan
t?! Nh4t Ban dfi do Jacques Spex lfip ra nfim
1609 cl mui Dong Bfic hdn dao Hirado [c6n gpi Ifi
Firado], n^m d 33°22' vi Bfic vfi 129°35' kinh
Dong. Nfim 1641 (ngfiy 21-5), thUdng Ax6m nfiy
dU(?c ddi chuyen de'n Nagasaki, tren hon dao nho
Deshima.
(4). Santwoort da cl Nhfit Ban 37 nfim, cho d^n

khi con tfiu Grol rdi di Dfing Ngofii.
(5). Karel Hartsinek da thfinh lfip d Dfing
Ngofii nfim 1638 thUdng diem Pho Hi^n (Hung
Yen), c6 thcli ky ndi nfiy da cfi tdi 3000 nfic nhfi, do


78
cac ngUdi Hfi Lan, Anh, Bo Dfio Nha v i Phap.
Ngudi ta cfi ten ciia nhflng vien giam doc thUdng
die'm nfiy cho den nfim 1700, liic thUdng diem bj
Jacob van Loo tit bo, sau nhieu vy vi$c khfi khfin
vdi cac quan lai xU Dfing Ngofii. Theo ong
Lesonfach6, mpt trong nhiing vien si quan da
nghien cUu ky v l Dfing Ngofii, thi phin cua ngUdi
Hfi Lan d tren dilm ciia Sd t u i n ty Phu Ly, khu
dfi't ciia hp d each xa mpt chiit chan tang nui da voi
cfi thfinh thing ddng [nhfin dinh nfiy khong phii
h(?p vdi nhflng nghien cUu ciia G.Dumoutier sau
nfiy] nhiing lai buon di lai vdi cac mien xa trong
xU, nhu da cdn de lai nhQng ten khfic tren nhiJng
tang da 6 nhilu ndi tren thupng luu song Hong vfi
nhft't Ifi 6 2 ben bd song Day, ndi cdn mpt tang da
khfic chii Baron 1680 vfi Vischer 1678.
(6). Thdi ky nfiy ngudi Hfi Lan da cfi mpt
thUdng diem tren bd biln phfa tay dao Formose.
ThUdng diS'm nfiy cfi ten Ifi Tayouwan hoftc phao
dfii Zelandia.
(7). Dudi day ngudi ta sg thft'y r^ng ngudi Hfi
Lan gpi thfinh pho Hul^ Ifi Quinam [thi^c ra
Quinam Ifi Quang Nam, tiic Hpi An].

(8). Turon hay Touran chfic chfin phai lft
Tourane (Ciia Hfin = Dfi Ning). Ngudi ta biit ring
Tourane Ifi viing dfiu dpp nhfi't nim g^iiia bd biln
phfa dong ciia ban dao Dong DUdng, cfich H u l 15
d$m v l phfa Dong Nam. Dja diem nfiy thang 81858 dfi bj mpt dpi qufin Phap - Tfiy Ban Nha do
bp len danh chiem, theo m$nh l^nh cua do d6c
Rigault de Genouilly.
(9). Ten gpi Quinam nhft't thilt phai nfii vl mpt
dia diem trong vdng vjnh Tourane hay cl lan cftn
vdi vdng nfiy mfi khong phai Ifi Quy Nhdn, ndi nfiy
each 70 dfim vl phfa Nam (Qui Nhdn da bj nUdc
Phap chiem tit hda udc 1874. Va l?i kinh do ciia
Annam liic dfi ciing nhU bfiy gid Ifi Hul, chi each
mpt vfii dfim ve phfa Dong Bfic Tourane. Do dfi, ten
gpi nhfi vua xU Quinam, tUdng dUdng vdi nhft vua
xii Hul, nghia lft nhfi vua Annam.

Rghi&n cijru Lich sJr. sg 4.2009
[Quinam d day khong phai Ifi Qui Nhdn, ciing
khdng phai Ifi Hul, mfi lft Quang Nam, d dfiy chfnh
lft Hpi An nghia rpng Ifi xU Dftng Trong].
(10). Thuc vfty, nhQng nhfi vua Annam vfi
Tongquin dang cfi chien tranh vfio thdi k^ nfiy,
Dilu dfi Ifi mpt bing cU khac chiing to ring cvm tit
"nhfi vua xU Quinam" trong cuon nhfit k^ hfinh
trinh Ifi muon snfii tdi nhfi vua Annam.
(11). Hdn dao nfiy chfic h i n phai lft dao
Boissieux d vfio khoang 17o49' vi Bfic, diing Ifi nim
d quang giiia hai miii dfi't ciia mui Bon hay Vpng ki
hao kfio dfii ra. Ngudi ta biet r i n g miii dfi't nfiy Ifi

dilm chfit cua bien gidi giiia Dfing Trong vfi Dfing
Ngofii, gin dfi Ifi con dudng ldn ciia d l quoc Annam
di qua nhiing ndi cUc k^ nfing bong dUpc cfic phfio
dfti nhd bao v§. (Xem trong Revue de Geographic s6
thfing 10-11/1880 bfii bao cua TS. Maget nhan dl:
"Nghien cUu to'ng quat v l xU Dfing Ngofii".
(12). Chic chin day Ifi mpt trong nhQng ndi bo
neo d bd biln phfa tay hdn dao ldn Cfic-bfi, hdn dao
tren loi vfio Ciia Cfi'm, ciia biln dl vfio nhft't ciia
song Hong, ngfiy nay vin cdn. Hon dao ho§c nhQng
hdn dao Sahou mfi ngUdi ta nfii din trong nh$t ky
r6 rftng lft nhiing dao Norway ngfty nay.
(13). Ten gpi Giang d dfiy cfi nghia Ifi song. CiJta
phfa Bfic ciia song Hong nfii din 6 dfiy hi§n nay cfi
ten lft Ciia Cft'm.
[Gidi sii hpc Vi§t Nam ngfiy nay cho ring ciia
sdng nfiy Ifi cvta Thai Binh]
(14). Dilu dfi chiing to ring cho din Iiic dfi
ngudi Nhftt Ban vin tu do budn bfin vdi Dftng
Ngofii, ciing nhu nhQng chUng cQ cua nhQng do^n
trfch din tU nhQng cudn sach ciia Nh$t Ban nfii vl
vft'n dl nfiy mfi chiing toi se cung eft'p d ben dudi
Sic l^nh nghigm khic ciia chfnh quyin M^c phu
nfim 1633, cfi'm nhQng ngudi Nhftt vdi t§i danh tii
hinh, khdng dU<;K: di ra nUdc ngofii da chfi'm dQt
nhQng quan hf budn bfin ciia ddng dao ngudi Nh^t
vdi cac xQ Dong Dudng.


Rhiltng thuang nhdn Yfh Lan dau tito...

(15). Chic chin day Ifi nhQng tang dfi ngim
Ch6-h-pai, tr6n ban d6 d phfa Ddng Nam ciia dao
Cac bfi (Frakaki theo nhQng ngudi Hfi Lan).
(16). TQ nfiy cfi nguon gdc tiing B6 Dfio Nha, cd
thi tUdng dUdng vdi vien chQc hai quan.
(17). Catchion h i n cfi nghia Ifi Ketcho. Liic dfi
Ketcho nim d gin Hfi Npi, thii do hifn nay, mpt
dja dilm gin cho gpi Ifi Hfing Gifi'y. [ThQc ra, Ke
Chp chfnh Ifi tofin bp khu chp pho buon ban, nfii
rpng ra Ifi tofin bp kinh thfinh Thfing Long liic bfi'y
gicl].
(18). Tinh cam ban bd giQa nhQng ngUdi Nhfit
Ban vfi nhQng ngudi Hft Lan dfi cfi tQ lau ddi khi
hai qudc gia nfiy cfi nhQng mdi quan h$ dfi dupc
nfii den trong nhilu cho ciia cudn nhfit ky nfiy.
(19). Chung tdi khdng biit d dfiy mudn nfii din
hdn dao nfio ciia quin dao Kouan Yen (Quang
Y&n). Cfi t h i dfi Ifi tSn ciia mpt trong nhQng dao
Goto (dao Hai t^c) = [dao Co To?].
(20). Chiing tdi khdng cin phai nfii ring chiing
tdi trong khi djch do^n nh$t k^ cfi' xUa nfiy, da
khdng h i mudn Ifim thay do'i nhQng quan h$ hQu
nghj hifn nay dang ton t^i giQa nhQng ngUdi B6
Dfio Nha vfi Hfi Lan.
(21). NhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan dfi g$p mpt phien
djch vi6n ngudi Nhfit Ban d ldi di vfio cQa sfing vfi
trong cudn nh^t k^ nfiy ngudi ta sg thft'y d Ke Chp
hQng ngUdi Nhfit Ban vfi ca nhQng ph\i nQ Nh§t
Ban Ifim phien djch cho ngUdi Hfi Lan. Din tQ
thQdng dilm Hirado, chic chin hp nfii chuydn giQa

hp vdi nhau bing tiing Nhfit Ban. D^c dilm nfiy
ehfing minh cho chung ta vl tim quan trpng cua

79
cong vi$c budn ban cua ngudi Nhfit d Dfing Ngofii
vfio thdi ky nfiy. Ngfii Tiln si Maget dfi tiing sdng d
Dfing Ngofii trong 2 nfim, dfi nhieu lin nfii ring
dng ta da gfip nhiing ngUdi dan cfi kieu ndt Nh^t
Ban hofin toan thuin khilt. 6ng ta biet cfi nhiing
lfing cfi nhQng ngUdi dfin dfing n6t hofin tofin gidng
ngudi Nhftt Ban, chi kit hdn giQa hp vfii nhau.
NhQng lfing nfiy cfi dfic quyin chi tfic nhiing do
gdm sQ men lam khong cfi gi gidng hdn nhiing do
gdm sin xufi't t^i Nhfit Ban trong tinh Kizen (Kiusiu). Cfi nhQng thiy tu Gia-td ngudi ban xQ cfi
ngudn gdc Nhfit Ban. 6ng Maget dfi gfip mpt toan
nhQng vu nQ tre di kdm theo mpt dftn nhac mfi
nhQng nhac cdng hofin tofin cfi kilu n^t ngUdi Nhftt
Ban d d?ing thuin khilt.
(22). Vfio nftm 1637, nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan d
Nhftt Ban vin cdn hofin tofin tQ do, NhQng ngUdi
di trSn chile tfiu Grol khdng nghi ring chi vfii nfim
sau dfi (1641), ngudi Nhftt cung fip d|t nhQng dilu
h^n chi tUdng tQ ca ddi vdi ngUdi Hfi Lan.
(23). Cua lac cdn Ifi tSn do^n sdng ngang ndi
liln cQa Thfii Binh vdi sfing Hdng dd' ra d HQng
Y6n, dd thj vfio qufing sau liic dfi dfi thfinh lfip m^t
thuong dilm cua ngUdi Hfi Lan. Theo fing TS
Maget, do^n sdng ngang nfiy cung mang tfin sfing
Ngang Thfii Binh. Vfiy thi nfim 1637, cfi thi lfip
lufin Ifi ngUdi Hfi Lan da di vfio mpt trong nhQng

cQa sfing phfa Bfic, cfi thi Ifi cQa Cfi'm ngfiy nay
[Hifn nay, nhilu y kiln vin cho ring tfiu Grol di
vfio Dfing Ngofii theo cvta Thai Binh].
(24). Fackaer hinh nhU cfi nghia lft m^t trpng
lupng tUdng dUdng. 17 fackaer mudn ndi Ifi m^t
trpng lupng td gfi'p 17 lin tr^ng lUpng bac.