Những thương nhân Hà Lan đầu tiên đến Đàng Ngoài và Kẻ chợ năm 1637 (Tiếp theo và hết)

NHUNC THl/dNC NHAN HA LAN DAU TIEN
DEN DANG NGOAI VA KE CHd NAM 16^7
(Tiep theo vd het)
NGUYEN THlTA HY*

(Dich va gidi thieu)
- 23 thdng Tit. Vien quan vft vien cai ba
tftu vfto trieu. Liic hai gid chidu, t i t ca moi
thuydn hftng da vd ddn sat kinh thftnh.
NgQdi ta mang 4 hdm vai da vfto trieu dinh.
Cac quan tridu t h i n yeu ciu 30 hdm bac,
ddi lai hp se giao eho chung tdi td sau mpt
thdi gian. Chung tdi phai ndi khd khftn va
cum cung dQa t i t ca 12 hdm. NhQng ngQdi
Dang Ngoai da xQ sQ ddi vdi sd bac vft hftng
hda dd mdt eftch rft't trftng trdn, nhQ the ddi
vdi ciia ftn eftp vay.
Budi chidu, cftc dng Hartsinek, Vincent
Romeyn, Nagtglas, nhQng trd 1^ vft nhQng
ngQdi phue vu, tft't ca gdm 17 ngQdi, da vfto
tridu dinh cung vdi dng quan vft vien cai ba
tftu. NgQdi ta ra Ipnh cho hp trQdc khi di
vfto, mpi ngQdi ddu phai thao bd gQdm.
NgQdi ta d i n hp vfto mdt phdng hanh lang
dl lai nhQng tftng p h i m dfing len tridu
dinh, gdm cd:
1. MOt tft'm (24 aunes) da mftu dd
2. Hai mQdi tft'm vai hoa sarasse
3. Hai mQdi t i m pareoUe (vai hdng min
BaTQ)
4. Mpt t i m vai x6e mau den

5. Mdt chide gQdng ma vang
6. Ba hpp sdn mai di^ng dd trang sQc

• PGS. TS. D?ii hpc Quoc gia Hft N^i

7. 25 can nu dinh hQdng
8. Hai k h i u dai bftc ndng xoin, cftn nftng
2070 hvres moi chide b i n dan s i t nftng 12
livres.
9. NhQng gift dd ndng ciia nhQng khiu
sung dd.
10. 30 vien dan
11. Bay cfti schuiftangen (kpp nhd)
\1. Ba bao thude sung kruisballen
13. Ba chide truy
14. Mdt cai beursvaatje
thude sung).

(thung nhd

NhQng vien cai ba tftu bao chung tdi thi
le bfti yet, dieu mft chung tdi lftm theo each
ciia ngQdi Hft Lan, mftc du chung tdi vin
khdng dQdc bidt ddi tQdng mft chung tdi
chfto mQng 1ft ai, ca nhft vua lin cac quan
dai t h i n khdng mpt ai ed mftt. Chung tdi
ngdi xudng nhQng chide chidu, r i t nhidu
ngQdi mang vu khi dQng chung quanh
chung tdi. NhQng tftng phim ciia chung tdi
dat trong phdng vdi rft't ft nghi le vft ft sQ

tdn trpng.
NgQdi ta thdt dai chung tdi nhQng mdn
ftn vft dd udng theo phong tue eua xQ sd.


5S
Chung tdi eiut eac vien trd ly Mathys ten
Broecke va Pieter Huysmans vfto phdng d l
md nhQng hdm vft nhQng hftng hoa khac,
de dQc hoang thQdng cd t h i ehpn iQa.
Sau bQa ftn chidu, nhft vua cii hai vien
cai tftu tre tud'i den hdi chung tdi r i n g nQdc
Hft Lan d dau, d phQdng Bftc hay phQdng
Nam? Hft Lan cd nhQng loai hftng hda gi?
Chung tdi dap: "d 52 vi dp Bftc, vft r i n g
nQdc Ha Lan cung eft'p hd phftch, da len, td
vft vai lua, nhung, sa tanh, nhQng tham
theu vftng bac vft nhieu thQ khac".
Chung tdi dQng day cao tQ va sau khi lai
cui chao mdt l i n nQa, v i n khdng dQdc gftp
nhft vua hay mdt vi dai t h i n nfto khfte,
chung tdi ra di, ft bfti long vd sQ ddn tidp vft
eung eftch tiep nhftn nhQng mdn quft bieu
ciia chung tdi. Ddn chieu tdi, dQc hoftng
thQdng eho giii tra lai nhQng kipn hftng hda
cdn lai (mft ngfti khdng cin dung) tdi cho
chung tdi tru ngu, tftng them chung tdi
50.000 ddng tidn ddng, mdt vai hu diy eft
(khd) mui ndng nftc vft mdt vfti hu rQpu.
Dem hdm ft'y, t i t ca mpi chung tdi ddu ngvi

d dQdi thuydn.
- 24 thdng TU. Chiing tdi cit dd b^c vft
hftng hda, trQ ddng va s i t thi di lai dQdi
thuydn. Chung tdi nhan dQdc ciia con trai
nha vua, Tua-caw, mdn qua tftng 1ft 10.000
ddng tien ddng, 2 eon be vft 4 vd rQdu (arac).
Ong ta yeu e i u eho dng ta mQdn 5 hdm bac.
Chiing tdi tra ldi rftng chiing tdi khdng t h i
dap Qng dQdc yeu c i u dd, vi vua cha cua dng
da chiem dung hdn mdt niia sd von mft
chiing tdi mang theo, vft cd t h i nhft vua se
khdng tQ choi con minh dp 3, 4 hdm. Vien
cai ba nfti ni hdi chiing tdi 1ft chung tdi lipu
cd y dinh trao ddi quft tftng vdi hoftng tii
khdng. Chung tdi dap: "ngay sau khi ngQdi
Hft Lan dQdc nhftn vfto yet kidn nhft vua".
- 25 thdng Tii. NhQng ngQdi Hft Lan
dQdc mdi den trieu dinh, nhQng v i n khdng

Rghi&n curu Lich sit. s6 5.2009
dQdc giap mftt vdi nhft vua, mft chi nhin
t h i y ngfti tren dQdng di, khi ngdi tren ki$u
cang. Cd tdi 3 den 4.000 Ifnh di theo ngfti
vft ngfti trdng cd ve diing tudi. NgQdi ta ndi
vdi chung tdi rftng ngfti cd tdi 83 ngQdi con
ciia khoang 60 bft vd. Ngfty hdm sau, nhQng
ngQdi Bd Dfto Nha lai dQdc ph6p vfto tridu,
nhftc lai ldi vu khong thQdng thSiy (25).
- 26 thdng Tii. Trong nhQng mdi lien h$
vdi trieu dinh Dftng Ngofti, chiing tdi da

nhftn dQdc sQ giup dd Idn lao ciia mdt phu
nQ Nhftt Ban 1ft Ouru san, ddng thdi 1ft
ngQdi phien dich cho chung tdi. Bft nhftn
trach nhipm bao vp chung tdi ben canh nhft
vua di ehdng lai nhQng ldi vu khdng ciia
ngQdi Bd Dfto Nha. Qua bft, chiing tdi dQpe
bidt hp khdng coi 1ft quan trong lftm nhQng
thdng tin cua ngQdi Bd Dfto Nha vft d trieu
dinh Dftng Ngofti, ngQdi ta khdng tin 1ft
ngQdi Hft Lan ddn xQ sd hp vdi nhQng f dd
xft'u.
Chiing tdi da tftng mpt mdn quft cho
ngQdi dftn bft Nhftt Ban gdm mdt bp q u i n
ao Nhftt vft mdt cataber (thanh kidm
Nhftt?).
NhQng tin tQc vd each thQc ngQdi Bd
Dfto Nha lftm ftn budn ban trong xQ sd nfty
Ift khdng thuftn Ipi. Chide thuydn mftnh Bd
Dfto Nha ddn Dftng Ngofti nftm ngoai dft
mang theo 24 hdm bac vft 80 dinh vftng,
moi dinh cftn nftng 10 lang. Ngofti ra, chide
thuydn dd cdn dem ban nhQng mdn hftng
"Tafachelasses"
(lua
ke
spe
vung
Coronamdel - An Dp), vai len damas, vai
nhung vft da. Nhft vua da ra l$nh eho dem
t i t ca nhiJng thQ dd vfto trong trieu vft md

nhQng hdm dd cd ngfti chQng kien. Nhft vua
da giQ lai cho minh vftng vft nhieu hftng
hda khac trong khi chi tra 9 midng bac loai
niia lang cho mpt lang vftng. Ddi vdi hftng
hda khac, ngfti da tra nhQng mdn tiln khft
it 01.


RhOmg thuong nh&n I)a Lan d£u H^n...

59

- 27 thdng Tii. Chung tdi dQa len bd mdt
Khi ngQdi Bd Dfto Nha vftng mat, nhidu
hdm da dQdc md vft nhidu do vkt hi Ift'y di p h i n ldn sdbae cdn lai ciia chung tdi.
nhQ 80 tft'm nhung va da kim tuyen. NgQdi
- 28 thdng Tit. Chung tdi nhftn dQdc tin
ta cdn phai chiu nhQng thipt hai dang ke ve
r i n g chide thuydn mftnh Trung Qude mft
hftng hda. Nhieu lp mQt da hi dftp vd vdi
chung tdi dl m i t da tdi dfty trong ddng
mvic dich d l tim xem trong dd ed giiu vftng
sdng Possin vdi 9 ngQdi Hft Lan vft vfti
khdng. Chide thuydn mftnh ra di chd 340 ta
ngQdi Trung Qude. Vien quan dft chidm giQ
td sdng. Td loai mdt dQdc mua vdi gift 22:23,
t i t ca nhiing siing ldn, vu khi va thidt bi
td loai hai vdi gift 27:28 "fakaer" [sdlin gft'p
cua thuydn. Chide thuydn nay, sau 10 hdm,
ciia trpng lQ(?ng td so vdi bae]. Chide thuydn

lai da bd di, d l lai vien hoa tieu va 2 ngQdi
budm galiote Bd Dfto Nha da mang den
Ha Lan khfte trong nhft ngue ciia vien
Dang Ngofti 12 hdm bae vft mdt sd hftng
quan, nhQng ngQdi Trung Qude tren
hda dQdc chd tao trj gift 3000 lang vft ngQdi
thuydn mftnh da trdn thoftt. Vien hoa tieu
ta eung giai quydt dpc doftn nhQ ddi vdi sd
cho bidt r i n g ngQdi ta da nhin thft'y mdt
hftng ciia chide thuydn mftnh.
chide tftu Hft Lan d gin dd.
NgQdi ta da ldi di^ng viec nhQng ngQdi
Hft Lan den d l i n dinh gift ca re hdn nhidu
so vdi nhQng nftm trQdc. Chide thuydn
galiote mang theo sd hftng iQdt vd 1ft 350 ta
td sdng vft 10 ta qud ehi... Con tau mang
tdn Navet do eac cha cd d dao Hai Nam cii
ddn Dang Ngoai mang theo 75 ta td sdng
lftm hftng iQqIt trd vd, nhQ vfty tft't ca tdng
eOng sd td len tdi 965 ta. Sd bac mang theo
khdng dii d l mua td. NhQng d Ke Chd, da
cd 3 t h i y tu dao Thien ehua boat ddng nhQ
nhQng nhftn vien Ddng Ten ciia Ma Cao.
Hp da giQ lai trong nhQng chuydn tftu ddn
trQdc 12 hdm bae vft hp da dung sd bae nfty
vfto nhQng vu vipe budn ban bft't thQdng.
NhQng hftng hda dem den ban 1ft d l bu vfto
sQ thft't thoat d Dftng Ngofti, ndi ngQdi ta
dem hftng ddn chi 1ft mdt phQdng tipn de
che giiu sdbae. Ldi lai 1ft d nhQng hftng hda

dem theo luc iQdt vd.
NgQdi ta nhftn dQ{?c tin mpt thuydn
mftnh Trung Quoc da ddn mdt con sdng nfto
dd ciia dao Hai tftc (26) (Roovers eiland),
mang theo 20 hdm bac tQ Nagasaki d l mua
td. NgQdi ta ndi rftng thuydn mftnh nfty 1ft
do cftc vien thdng doc (ngQdi Nhftt Ban)
Pheso^-douno vft Miyazakiedouno cii ddn.

Chiing tdi giii mdt 1ft ddn len nhft vua
xin tha nhQng ngQdi Hft Lan hi b i t giQ, vft
xin dQdc hoftn lai nhQng sung ldn vft trang
thidt hi. Chiing tdi xin chiu mpi khoan phf
tdn bao dQdng eho nhQng ngQdi ciia chiing
tdi, trong trQdng hdp mft ngQdi ta phai chi
tieu cho hp.
Chung tdi dft nhftn dQcjc thQ tra ldi
thuan ldi, vft mudn chuyin vd Quinam
nhQng tin tQc v*mpi didu dft xay ra den vdi
hp, nhQng nii 1ft khdng tim dQde cd hpi nfto
dd de lam vipe dd.
- 29 Thdng TU. Sd bac cdn lai dQdc dem
len bd. Chung tdi dem vai midng bac ra thii
chiet xuit, kdt qua la ed 82% chit bac rdng.
Chung tdi dem cftn ddng vft sftt trong trieu
dinh vdi sQ ed mftt cua cac vien cai ba tftu
va nhQng trd ly Huibrecht Eems vft Mathys
ten Broecke. NhQng cai ba tftu nay thQdng
r i t gia tra va khdng t h i tin hp dQdc, ddn
noi cac trql ly thinh thoang lai phai cftn lai

vft ra khdi trieu dinh ndi hp tidn hftnh cftn.
Luc
Ngofti
trQdng
nhQng

dd nhQng ngQdi Nhftt Ban d Dftng
xin dQng lftm trung gian. Vien
cai ba tftu chft'p nhftn dieu nfty
chung tdi tQ chdi. Kinh nghipm ciia


60

chung tdi d Quinam cho biet r i n g trong
mdt trQdng hdp tQdng tQ nhQ vfty thi ngQdi
ta khdng t h i trdng ddi nhiJng dieu tdt dep
tQ mdt each thQc nhQ thd.
Ngfty hdm dd, nhft vua da cho md hdi vdi
nhieu vien cai ba tau (27) vft ldi dung dip
nfty de mudn bidt y kidn cua hp ve nhQng
ngQdi Ha Lan. Cau tra ldi ciia hp 1ft thuftn
ldi. Ho ddu nhft't tri tra ldi rftng ngQdi ta cd
t h i tin tQdng nhidu d ngQdi Hft Lan hdn 1ft
nhQng ngQdi Trung Qude vft Bd Dfto Nha,
hoftc nhQng ngQdi ngoai qude khae da ddn
xQ nfty. Ban than nhiing vien cai ba tftu
eung ndi nhQng ldi tdt dep dd vdi ngQdi Hft
Lan 1ft nhiJng ngQdi bie't dQdc nhiing cfiu
ndi dd cd gift tri nhQ thd nfto. Nghia la nd

dQdc coi nhQ mdt phQdng tipn true ldi tranh
thii long tdt ciia hp d l ban td eho hp vdi gift
that dat, trong khi ngan can hp dQng budn
ban vdi cac tQ thQdng.
- 30 thdng Tii. Vien trQdng cai ba tau cho
chung tdi bidt r i n g chie'e xudng ma chung
tdi mudn cii di tQ day den con tau ciia chung
tdi se khdng t h i di dQdc ndu khdng ed Ipnh
dac bipt cua nha vua. Ddn buoi chieu, gia'y
phdp khdi hftnh dQdc trao eft'p, chung tdi vidt
mdt la thQ cho vien chii tftu vft cii mdt ngQdi
hoa tieu ban xQ xudng xudng.
- 1 thdng Ndm. Ddng vft s i t dft dQdc giao
hftng. Chide thuydn galiote ciia ngQdi Bd
Dfto Nha ehft't d i y hftng xudi ddng sdng, d l
lai d Ke Chd mdt chie'e thuydn manh cu,
dem bftn cho ngQdi Nhftt Ban.

R g h i ^ curu Lich sit. s6 5.2009
ciia chung tdi den Ke Chd bi giii tra lai mft
khdng cd sQ ddng y ciia chiing tdi.
- 4 thdng Ndm. Sd ddng vft sftt cdn lai
dQdc giao hftng. ^^ cftn sai, nen thieu m i t
eiia chiing tdi 15 ta vft 70 can ddng vft 11 ta
50 can sftt.
- 5 thdng Ndm. Chung tdi dQdc vien
trQdng cai ba tftu trieu ddn. Chung tdi tdi
nha dng ta, mang theo qua tftng gdm:
- Ba aunes vai da dd t h I m
- Ba aunes vai da mftu tia

- Mdt chide gQdng soi
- Hai cfti jaequan ldn
- Hai cai jaequan nhd (Km dun nQdc
Nhftt Ban)
- Bd'n ft'm dun trft kim loai nhd
Chung tdi ftn udng no say. Chung tdi
phan nan ve nhieu khd khftn mft ngQdi ta
da gfty ra cho chiing tdi moi khi chung tdi
mudn budn ban vdi cae tQ thQdng, mftc du
da cd Ipnh cua nhft vua cho phdp chung tdi
dQdc tQ do budn ban. Chung tdi nhftn dQdc
nhieu ldi hQa bpn dpp de cua dng ta. Chung
tdi nfti xin d l ngQdi ta tra lai tQ do cho 3
ngQdi Hft Lan ciia chide thuydn mftnh vft
hoftn lai eho chiing tdi eo sung ldn cQng dan
dQdc. NgQdi ta tra ldi rftng dieu dd se dQ(?c
lftm vft rftng nhQng ngQdi ciia chiing tdi sg
dQdc giii len tren tftu.

- 2 thdng Ndm. Chung tdi dQdc tin mdt
chide thuydn mftnh cua ngQdi Trung Qude
mang nhidu hftng ngQde sdng tdi kinh
thftnh, Vi hoftng tii tre tudi Ift'y mdt vfti mdn
hftng hda.

- 6 thdng Ndm. Cac vien cai ba tftu da cd
gftng nhQng khdng kdt qua di chung tdi cd
t h i dQdc yet kien nhft vua, dftng chung tdi
cd t h i ndi ehuypn vdi ngfti vd nhQng Iqli fch
trong cdng viec budn bftn vdi ngQdi Hft Lan.

Chung tdi viet thQ cho dng chii tftu ciia
chiing tdi Piter Feunisz d l cd dQ(?c 2 hdm
bae v i n cdn d l lai cho dng ta.

- 3 thdng Ndm. NgQdi ta cho chung tdi
dQdc quydn tidn hftnh budn bftn d xQ nfty.
MQdi chie'e thuydn mftnh mang hftng hda

- 7 thdng Ndm. Chung tdi chi nhftn dQ(?c
nhQng ldi hQa hpn ciia cac vien cai b^ tftu,
mft muc dich khdng cd gi khac hdn 1ft ngftn


RhOmg Hiuong nhdn I^a Lan d&u H^n.
can dfin chung budn ban trQc tidp vdi
ehiing tdi vft tQ do mang td ra chd ban.
NhQng cai ba tftu nfty mudn dp budc chiing
tdi phai Iiy td ciia hp vdi gift cao hdn vft
tQdng rftng da nftm dQdc chung tdi nhQ dftn
chupt n i m trong biy.
Tft't ca nhQng cd gftng cua chung tdi de
dQdc nhft vua tidp kidn da khdng mang lai
kdt qua nfto. Chung tdi dQde tin cho bidt
ring nhft vua vft cac quan cai ba da thda
thuan vdi nhau d l ban cho chung tdi chinh
nhQng hftng hda eiia hp vdi gift cao n h i t .
- 8 thdng Ndm. NhQng ed gftng vd vpng
eiia Hartsinek vft Mathys ten Broecke de ed
t h i cung vdi Ouru San ydt kien nhft vua.
Chung tdi budc phai chiu dQng mpi sQ ddi

xii tdi tp dd, dftnh ngftm bd hdn lftm ngot
[nguyen van: ftn chung nhQ fin dQdng] vft
danh cQde sQ kien n h i n ciia chung tdi,
- 9 thdng Ndm. Chung tdi giii tdi tridu
dinh mpt thQ thinh nguyen trong dd chung
tdi k h i n e i u cho chiing tdi dQ^e tQ do budn
bfin vdi dfin chung vft thdng bao rftng ching
bao Iftu da ddn lue con tftu ciia chung tdi
phai ra di. Vfto luc 4 gid chidu, chung tdi
dQdc chft'p nhftn cho vfto ydt kie'n nhft vua,
chung tdi thft'y d dfiy ed nhidu binh Ifnh
trang hi vu khf. Chung tdi chfto dQc hoang
thQdng, ngfti ngdi xa cho chiing tdi dQdi
mdt phdng hftnh lang. NgQdi ta d l chung
tdi ngdi tren chidu, trong mdt cho mft chung
tdi khdng t h i nhin thft'y nhft vua dQde.
NgQdi ta thdt t r i u chung tdi vft mdi chiing
tdi dung mdn. Nftm, sftu ngQdi chdi nbac
cv, theo kilu each trong xQ, mpt ngQdi khac
mua vui cho chung tdi b i n g mdt trd nhfto
lOn vft nhQng ddng tac t h i liinh. NgQdi phu
nQ Nhftt Ban Ouru-San (mft chung tdi da
bidu mdt chide ao dfti td Nhftt Ban, hai
chide Jaequan ldn vft hai chide sieu dun
bing kim loai) di lai vft cudi cung d i n mpt

61

minh dng Hartsinek ddn trQdc mftt hoftng
thQdng. Ong nfty sau khi thi le da phai ngdi

each nhft vua 13 bd (khoang 4m). Nhft vua
cho nhftn xdt ve viec dng ddn, yeu ciu dng
giai thich vd tfnh eftch eiia dfin tdc Hft Lan,
quyen iQc ciia dng hoftng Hft Lan vft nhft
vua Tay Ban Nha. 6 n g tra ldi theo thudng
le, nhft vua td ra bfti long. Sau dd nhft vua
hdi Hartsinek r i n g cd thQc 1ft Cdng ty da
tftng dng hoftng d Quinam (tQc ehua
Nguyen) 150 hat ngpc trai dl ddi lai Ift'y dao
Champello [Cu Lao Cham] khdng? (28).
Hartsinek phu nhftn tin ddn vft cho dd 1ft do
ngQdi Bd Dfto Nha dftt dieu, ndi them r i n g
mdt hftnh ddng nhQ vfty se 1ft di ngQde lai
vdi nhQng nguyen tftc vft menh lenh ciia
cdng ty. Cdng ty khdng tim eftch gia tftng
lanh thd, ma chi mudn md rdng cdng vipe
budn bftn, nd khdng thidt Iftp cd sd bftng
mpi each tren nhiing dilm dQpe xac dinh.
Luc dd cudc ndi ehuypn dft mang tfnh ehft't
tbftn mftt hdn, vft ngQdi ta da ndi ddn kha
nftng vd mdt eude dung dp eiia eac tftu Hft
Lan vft Bd Dfto Nha tren nhQng con sdng
ciia dd qude. Vi vQdng chii ndi rftng se
khdng khoan nhQdng ndu mpt trftn chien cd
t h i xay ra trong gidi ban ciia nQdc ngfti, mftt
khfte tft't ca nhQng gi xay ra d ngofti xQ sd,
tren biln khdi, thi ngai khdng quan tfim.
Hartsinek hofin toan tfin thfinh nguyen tftc
dd. Sau dd Hartsinek lai n h i n manh den
dieu mong mudn d\l(}c tQ do budn ban vdi

dftn chiing vft cfiu tra ldi ciia nhft vua da lftm
dng hfti Idng. Cudi ciing nhft vua ndi vdi
Hartsinek r i n g trong vdng 6 ngay tdi, vdi sQ
bao trd Qu ai nhit, ngQdi ta cd t h i thu xdp
giai quydt nhQng cdng vipe trpng dai. Ngai
i n dinh ngay hpn gap d l mdi Hartsinek ddn
cho ngfti, mudn nhftn ngfti nhQ chinh con cfti
eiia ngfti vft vdi tQ ngQ dd, ngfti cving se i n
dinh gift ca mft ngQdi ta se nhQdng lai td
eho ngQdi Hft Lan.


62

Rghito curu Lich sJr. s6 5.2009

Sau khi chfto tQ biet, chung tdi di thdng
bao ket qua ciia cudc ndi chuydn dd eho eac
quan chQc cai tau bidt. NhQng cd gftng ciia
ngQdi Bd Dao Nha d l lftm cho nhft vua nghi
ky ngQdi Hft Lan khdng td ra da hoftn toan
1ft khdng cd tftc dung, vi chiing tdi eho rftng
chfnh nhQng didu dd da Iftm cho nhft vua
ehi nhftn tidp gftp Hartsinek mdt minh vft
khdng ed vu khi, eung nhQ khidn eho ngQdi
ta chftm t r i cho phdp chiing tdi dQde yet
kidn nha vua.
- 10 thdng Ndm. Theo dung ldi hQa liic
trQdc, budi chidu chung tdi giii den ngQdi
con trai trQdng cua nha vua nhQng mdn

qua tang sau:
1. 1/2 aunes da den
2. Hai t i m salempore (loai vai vung
Calcutta - An Dp)
3. Hai cai gQdng
4. Hai gdi ddng midng
5. Hai gdi s i t midng
6. Hai chide sieu kim loai
7. Hai ft'm pha ehd kim loai
8. Hai chide binh dun nQdc kim loai
9. Hai tft'm sarasse (vai hoa mftu vung
Coromandel - An Dp)
Chung tdi dQde tidp ddn tii te va dQdc
thiet dai theo each thQdng 1§
- 11 thdng Ndm. Chung tdi nhftn dQdc
mdt la thQ eiia dng ehu tftu, trong dd dng ta
than phidn r i n g dng ta chi nhftn dQde mdt
each rft't khd khftn nhiJng vftt p h i m c i n
thiet eho nhu e i u hftng ngfty ciia con tftu vft
eiia doftn thuy thii. NgQdi eon ciia nhft vua
giii tftng chung tdi mdt con be vft 12 vd
rQdu.

Chide thuydn galiote ciia ngQdi Bd Dfto
Nha da ra tdi bien hdm nay, chide thuydn
mftnh vft con tau Navet nhd thi da d dd tQ 9
ngfty nay.
- 12 den 14 thdng Ndm. Chung tdi
khdng ed vipe gi d l lftm. NgQdi ta cd t h i
mua td loai mdt vdi gift quy ddi 1 lang bac

ftn 16 lang td.
- 15 thdng Ndm. Cac dng Hartsinek
Vincent Romeyn vft Mathys ten Broecke
vfto trieu, cd ngQdi phu nQ Nhftt Ban Ouru
San di kem theo lftm phien dich. Sau khi
chiing tdi bai chfto, ngQdi ta ben dQa chiing
tdi den mdt cftn phdng d i n ra cac ngdi mp
eiia cha vft ngQdi bft ciia vi hoftng thQdng.
De khdi lftm phftt y nhQng ngQdi dQng xem,
chiing tdi bd mu vft vai chfto cftc ngdi mp.
Luc dd ed 8, 9 ngQdi phu nQ mftc q u i n dfti,
mua mdt dipu mua theo eung eftch ciia hp
g i n nhQng ngdi mp. Khi hp mua xong,
chung tdi trd ve cho vua d, nhQng ehi cd dng
Hartsinek dQde vdi den yet kidn vua.
Hoftng thQdng hdi r i n g dng ta mudn ^ , dng
tra ldi: "Vi r i n g nhQng mpnh Ipnh do hoftng
thQpng ban bd ve vipe budn ban td khdng
dQdc thi hftnh, vft vi le dd, dng kinh cin xin
hoftng thQpng vui long &n dinh cho mftt
hftng td mdt gift phai chftng, d l cd t h i tien
hftnh dQdc cdng viec mua ban. Vi con tftu
ddn dfiy ehi vdi sd vdn bftng bae ft di, nen
dng mudn dQdc di ddn Dfti Loan eftng sdm
eftng tdt d l cd t h i trd lai day vdi d i y cac
bftng hda".
Qua trung gian eiia vien trQdng cai ba
tau, hoang thQdng tra ldi rftng ngfti s i cho
ban td loai mpt vdi ty gift trpng iQ^ng 1ft
15/1 so vdi bae rdng. Ngfti hQa vdi chung tdi

la tQ ngay mai, ngfti se cho dan chung bidt
1ft nhQng ngQdi Hft Lan cd t h i budn ban tQ
do hftng hda vdi hp.


RhGmg thuong nhdn I)d Lan d^u tiin...
Ngay tQ khi chiing tdi cam dn nhft vua,
ngfti da nhftn dng Hartsinek lftm nghia tii.
Nhiing quan cai ba tftu dftt ten cho dng 1ft
Heyng-tuongh (HQng TQdng?), cd nghia
trong tidng Dftng Ngofti 1ft nhfin hftu. Nhft
vua da ra I§nh tftng cho dng Hartsinek mdt
1ft cd Dftng Ngofti, d l l i n sau trd lai, dng cd
t h i mau ehdng ddn gftp lftm viec vdi cftc
quan cai ba tftu vft d l cd t h i dung thuydn
chdo ngQde ddng sdng.
Chung tdi xin nhft vua cd t h i cho phdp
xuit cang mdt hoftc hai chuydn hftng chd
gao, khi cdng ty mudn lftm vi^c dd. Nhft vua
tra ldi rftng khdng cd gi trd ngai trong v i n
dd dd ca.

63

trong dfin chung, nhQ ngQdi Nhftt Ban dft
dQ^c lftm. Hoftng thQdng qua ldi trung gian
cua Ouru San, da ndi vdi chiing tdi bftng
dipp khuc cu: "Khdng bao gid ngQdi ta ngftn
c i m dfin chung ban td, vft ngQdi ta cung
khdng hd i n dinh gift td cho dan chung vft

cftc quan cai ba tftu phai bftn. Ngfti ndi ring
nhQng ngQdi Ha Lan da thieu kien nhin,
r i n g hp v i n cdn du thdi gian dl mua td, vft
rftng hftng ngfty ngQdi ta v i n mang den
nhQng khdi iQdng ldn nhiing td eua vu
hang mdi, vft rftng dp 5, 6 ngfty nQa, ngQdi
ta se ed tai eho mdt iQdng ldn td, dl chung
tdi cd t h i bftng Idng vft sau nfty khdng ehi
ndi lai den vu vipe dd nQa.

C i u ehua eho tinh hinh ciia chiing tdi
dQdc khft hdn len! Moi ngfty chung tdi cQ
phai hi nhft vua eung nhiing vien quan cai
ba tftu cho ftn nhQng ldi ddi trft vft nhQng
chuydn t i m phfto. Thdi gian cho chung tdi
bidt kdt qua se d i n ddn didu gi. Sau liic
mftt trdi lftn, ngQdi ta thftp ddn vft nhQng
ngQdi phu nQ lai mua hftt. Cudi cQng ddn 9
gid tdi, chung tdi cfio tQ vft trd vd cho d.
Chiing tdi khdng hd nhftn dQ^c ^ kidn gi ve
Vidn trQdng cai ba tftu eft'm vi$c ban cftc
ehuypn mua td, vft dieu dd khidn chung tdi
hftng hda do chung tdi mang ddn.
tin r i n g se khdng cd mpt cdng vipe giao
- 17 thdng Ndm. Chiing tdi dQdc Ipnh dich nfto se ed t h i dQde giai quydt ndu
tri^u ddn cho nhft vua. Vfto budi trQa, chung tdi chQa lftm hfti long eac quan cai ba
chung tdi di den dd cung vdi ngQdi phy nQ tftu. 'i^ dd ciia hp mudn budc chung tdi phai
Nhftt Ban Ouru San. Chung tdi mang theo mua td cua hp vdi gift cao hdn nhidu dft dat
20 hdm bac da dQ^c cftn, nhQng vipe cfin dft kdt qua thQc my man. Vft hp da nhieu lin,
hi tidn hftnh kha gian ddi. Mdi mpt ... (29) thftm chf khdng up md ndi cho chung tdi

... bae, hp da Iiy di tQ 1 ddn 2m (30) thQa bidt ve y dinh iy.
-18 thdng Ndm. Khdng cd gi dang ehu y.
ra. T i t ca nhQng didu chQng minh ciia
Chung tdi mua mpt vfti thQ hftng hda.
chung tdi ddu khdng cd tac dyng.
- 19 thdng Ndm. Bac dQdc cftn d tridu
Budi chidu, nhft vua den ngdi ngQ d dinh do cac vien cai ba tftu, vft do sQ b i t tin
phdng hftnh lang. NgQdi ta phue vi? do ftn vft hftnh ddng gian ddi, trong 20 hdm bac
udng vft d l giai tri thi cho cac dfto nQdng vft da hi bdt mft't di 80G Nhftt Ban.
cung nQ mftc ao q u i n Ipng lly ddn mua hftt.
Vien trQdng cai ba tftu, ndi chiing tdi iQu
Chiing tdi thinh c i u hoftng thQ(?ng, theo tni, bft't chip mpi vipe, lai v i n cQ cim dfin
ldi ngfti da hQa cho chung tdi dQqlc mua td chung bfin td cho chung tdi.

16 thdng Ndm. Lue nfto cung phai thao
luftn vdi cac quan cai ba tftu vd v i n de gift
mua td. NhQng ngQdi Hft Lan cdng khai
chuin hi len dQdng vft ndi r i n g se d l lai ba,
bdn ngQdi d l nhftn td ciia nhft vua. Chung
tdi ra l$nh cho dng chii tftu ciia chiing tdi
giii cho chung tdi mpt chide xudng cd vii
trang hai k h i u sung.


64

Rghian curu Lich sit. s6 5.2009

Trong budi chidu, ngQdi ta cfin 50 ta td,
chia ra thftnh 100 bpe.

hdi r i n g phai chftng da tra 150 vien ngpc
trai vdi 17.000 lang bac?

Chidu tdi, chung tdi da thanh cdng trong
vipe di tdi mdt thda thuftn vdi vien trQdng
cai ba tftu, theo dd d l ddi lai vdi 10 hdm
bac, dng ta se cung eft'p eho chiing tdi...

Trd ldi: Khdng, ti^t ca nhQng dieu dd deu
1ft nhQng cfiu chuydn ddm dftt ciia ngQdi Bd
Dfto Nha.

[Den day thieu m i t hai trang ban chdp
tay k l ve nhQng vipe dft xay ra tQ 19 den 30
thang Nftm].
- 30 thdng Ndm. Hien nay cdng vipe
budn ban dang d nhQng didu kien tdt n h i t .
Vien trQdng cai ba Taphay da ra lenh ddi
lai vdi 3 hdm bac, se eung eft'p cho chung tdi
mftt bftng td vdi ty gia 1 an 19. Vdi sQ giiip
dd cua ba lao Basunano, chung tdi thQdng
iQdng vd viec mua td loai hai. Chung tdi de
nghi ty gift g i p 23, hp ddi gip 22, chung tdi
tQ chdi. Chung tdi dQdc tin rftng trong xQ
ngQdi ta da san x u i t dQde dp 3000 ta td
sdng mdt nftm.
- 31 thdng Ndm. (Le Penteedte = tiet
thanh linh giftng lftm). Chung tdi giii ddn
tftu 4 thuydn ehft't hftng chiing tdi da mua.

- 1 thdng Sdu. Nhft vua ha Ipnh tra lai
tQ do cho nhQng ngQdi Hft Lan bi giam giQ
trong eon sdng Possin.
NgQdi ta tra eho chung tdi 6 lang bac
mdt ta ddng vft hai lang bae mdt ta sftt.
NgQdi ta khdng ndi de'n viec hoftn tra lai
eho chung tdi nhQng k h i u sung ldn va dan
dQdc ciia chie'e thuydn manh.

2. Cd phai la dng hoang xQ Quinam
(chiia Nguyin) da chiem li^y bac ciia chung
tdi khdng?
Trd ldi: Dung vfty, Nftm 1633, hp da Iiy
m i t nhQng eo sung ldn vft bac ciia con tftu
Kemphaan, hi d i m g i n dao Champello.
Sau dd, hp lai cQdp di toan bd sd bae ma
doftn thuy thu tftu Grootenbrock hi dim
ngofti q u i n dao Paracelses (Hoang Sa) (31)
dft cQu dQdc vft dQa tdi xQ Dftng Trong.
3. Lieu cdng ty cd cdn ddi lai sd bac dd
khdng?
Trd ldi: Cd
4. Lipu cdng ty cd di den cho mudn giiip
dd nhft vua trong cudc chien vdi Quinam
khdng?
Trd ldi: Dd Ift mdt v i n de mft chi cd ngfti
toftn quydn d Java mdi cd t h i quyet dinh
dQde.
5. Lipu edng ty ed cdn giii yeu c i u ciia
minh trong trQdng hdp Dftng Ngofti da

k h u i t phuc dQde Quinam hay khdng?
Trd ldi: V i n cdn

Mdt vien cai ba tftu tre tudi, dQde cii ddn
nhan danh nhft vua de hdi dng Hartsinek
ve tin tQc.

- 3 thdng Sdu. Ong hoftng ddi 3 hdm bac
vdi ldi hQa se ddi lai b i n g td. 6 n g ta eung
cip eho chiing tdi td loai xiu, ty gift 1 ftn
16. Chiing tdi cho gift 1 ftn 24 d l lftm vui
Idng dng hoang vft ndi rftng vdi nhiing tQ
thQdng, chiing tdi cung khdng tra gift tdi 1
ftn 30, ddi vdi loai td nhQ vfty. Khdng di tdi
quyet dinh nfto.

1. Vd vipe nhQdng lai cho cdng ty chung
tdi hdn dao Champello (Cu Lao Chftm) vft

- 4 thdng Sdu. Chiee thuydn galiote ciia
ngQdi Bd Dfto Nha da rdi khdi Ke Ch^ ngfty

- 2 thdng Sdu. Chiing tdi cii di nhQng
thuydn tren dd ed 14 ngQdi Hft Lan.


RhOmg thuong nhto f\6 Lan d^u H^n.
1 thang Nftm, hi d i m d Hai Nam. 350 ta td
hi mit, doftn thiiy thii dQpe cQu thoat. TQ
dd, cftc giao si rdi di ddn Ma Cao.

- 5 den 8 thdng Sdu. Cd nhidu chi tiet ve
cdng vi§e budn bftn.
- 9 thdng Sdu. Nhft vua tripu Hartsinek
ddn eho ngfti. Ngfti dftt nhQng cfiu hdi nhQ
da ndi ben tren vft Hartsinek cung v i n tra
ldi nhQ vfty.
- 10 thdng Sdu. Ong hoftng tii lai tidn
hftnh nhQng eude thQdng iQdng mdi vd mftt
hftng td, nhQng nhQng didu kidn 1ft khdng
t h i chip nhftn dQpe. Chung tdi dQdc bidt
ring dd 1ft mdt eon ngQdi ac dpc, khdng
dang tin efty chut nfto. NgQdi ta cdn nghi
ngd r i n g trQdc dfiy it Ifiu, dng ta da d i u dpc
ngQdi em thQ cua minh. Dfin chung r i t sql
hai dng.
- 11 thdng Sdu. 6 n g hoftng da dung
nhQng ngQdi Nhftt lftm trung gian di nhftn
dQpe 3 hdm bac. Ong de dpa se tdng tft't ca
bpn hp vfto tQ ndu dng khdng thftnh cdng.
Dl lftm dng ta vQa long, hp tftp hdp gdp
chung lai mdt sd bac 1000 lang, nhQng cai
ba tftu cung ddng y them vfto mdt sd tien
bftng n g i n ft'y, vft hp xin dng Hartsinek
them vfto sd tien cdn thieu. Luc d i u chung
tdi tQ chdi khi nhd lai nhQng tdn thft't mft
chung tdi dfi phai gfinh chiu d dfiy. Nhft vua
da chidm doat 20 hdm bac ciia tftu chung
tdi vft tra lai cho chiing tdi b i n g loai td ehft't
iQpng thQdng vdi nhQng gift eftt cd. Hai vien
quan cai ba tftu ma chiing tdi dft dQa cho 10

hdm b^c eung lftm nhQ vfty. Trong sd 40
hdm b^c chung tdi mang ddn, chiing tdi ehi
cdn lai khdng hdn 10 hdm d l budn bftn vdi
dfin chung. Ong hoftng v i n cdn nd chung
tdi vft chung tdi it cd hy vpng dng ta s§ tra
I?! b^c cho chung tdi ndu khdng kdm theo
nhQng didu ki$n thftt k h i c nghipt. Sau
nhQng eupe thQdng thao kdo dfti, chung tdi

65
di tdi eho ddng y eho dng ta vay bac, vdi lai
s u i t 2%/thftng, phai tra ca vdn lin lai khi
ddn nam sau chung tdi se trd lai Dang
Ngoai. Chung tdi tfnh toan r i n g chiing tdi
v i n cdn cd the kiem ldi khoang 50 de'n 60%
trong vu viec giao dich nay, khi sd tien cho
vay dQdc hoan tra lai bing td vdi ty gia 1
bac an 20 td cho mdi hdm bae. Tuy nhien,
chung tdi nghi ngd vd sQ trung thQc eiia
nhQng ngQdi Nhat.
-12 thdng Sdu. Chiing tdi viet thQ eho dng
chu tau giii cho chiing tdi 12.000 lang bac.
- 1 3 thdng Sdu. NhQng y dd gian ddi cua
ngQdi Nhat phat Id. Hp da ed sQc lam mpi
vipe dl ed dQdc bac trong tay, rdi de cho dng
hoang vay rieng, dng nfty phai tra lai hp vdi
sd tQc la 10%. Hp da d l lai ganh nang eho
edng ty phai chiu riii ro cd the khdng hoan
lai dQpe sdvdn.
Chung tdi dft cd ging vd fch de tim each

gap gd dQde dng hoang hay cac cai ba tau.
Ong hoang dft cQ mdt vien cai ba tre tudi
den gftp chung tdi. Chung tdi ddng y dQa
cho ngQdi nfty hai hdm bac, se phai tra lai
bftng td vdi ty gift 1 bac ftn 20 td. NgQdi ta
hQa hpn nhQng didu tdt dpp eho tQdng lai.
NgQdi ta ndi vdi chung tdi r i n g nftm nay,
ngQdi ta ehi cd t h i cung eft'p cho chung tdi
loai td xft'u, nhQng ddn sang nftm ehft't
iQdng td se tdt hdn nhidu.
NgQdi ta cho chung tdi xem 1ft cd ldn vft
chide i n eiia nha vua.
NgQdi ta phan nan vd sQ thieu trung
thi^e ciia ngQdi Nhat, la nhQng ngQdi cin
thidt eho chiing tdi, vdi vi tri diing lam
trung gian trong vipe chung tdi mua hang
cua dfin chung. NgQdi ta di ddn kdt lufin
r i n g nam tdi se phai dem theo nhQng
ngQdi phien dich eua chfnh thQdng diem
chung tdi d Quinam hoae d nhQng ndi khae.


66

Rghi&i curu Lich si!r. s6 5.2009

- 13 den 28 thdng Sdu. T i t ca nhQng
hftng hda da ehft't len tftu. NgQdi ta cdn eho
dng hoang mdt hdm bac nQa.
- 29 thdng Sdu. Chiing tdi di tdi tridu

dinh di chfto tQ bipt nhft vua.
Chung tdi nhftn dQdc nhQng la thQ cua
nhft vua giii toftn quydn Ddng An vft vien
trQdng thQdng vu d Nhftt Ban. NgQdi ta eho
chung tdi la cd ldn vft chie'e i n ciia nha vua.
Nha vua de CElp lai nhQng yeu cau cua ngai
vd sQ hdp tac eua Cdng ty trong cudc k h u i t
phuc Quinam.
NgQdi ta ndi vdi chung tdi nhQng ldi hQa
hen tdt dep.
Mdt l i n nQa chung tdi k h i n c i u viec tra
lai tQ do eho nhQng ngQdi Ha Lan trong dpi
thiiy thii cua chide thuydn manh. Nha vua
tra ldi rftng ngfti dft ra Ipnh tha hp.
Vien ddc cdng vft mdt chide phao thuydn
hdm nay da hi mdt nhdm 30 ten bft't iQdng
ed vu trang tft'n edng vft hftnh hung.
- 30 thdng Sdu.
vien cai ba tftu vd
ngQdi ciia chung
chfnh cdng ta da

CHU

Chung tdi phan nan vdi
eude t i n cdng vfto nhQng
tdi. NgQdi ta ke rftng
bf mftt ra Ipnh cho cudc

t i n cdng dd vft r i n g nhiJng ten b i t iQdng 1ft

nhQng ke trong sd eac thupc ha cua dng ta.
Ong ta chdi minh khdng he biet nhQng ten
kia vft hQa se giup dd de trQng phat nhQng
ke tdi pham mdt khi hp b i t dQdc chung.
NgQdi ta khuyen chung tdi khdng nen
giii ddn khidu nai len nhft vua, vi vipe dd cd
the se chftng di den dau ngofti vi$c d i n den
bat budc phai tri hoan ngfty khdi hftnh eiia
chiing tdi.
- 1 thdng Bay. Chung tdi nhftn dQdc
nhQng tang p h i m eua Toftn quyen vft vien
trQdng thQdng vu d Nhftt Ban.
- 2 thdng Bay. Ong Hartsinek rdi khdi
kinh dd Dftng Ngofti.
- 3 thdng Bay. Chung tdi xudi ddng sdng
vft ddn tdi eho eon tftu cua chung tdi.
- 6 thdng Bay. Vien ddc cdng phai md
giai p h l u . Ong ta d trong tinh trang r i t
nguy hiem.
- 7 thdng Bay. Chung tdi giong budm vft
sau mdt eupe hftnh trinh 32 ngfty, da tdi
dQdc vung dftu tftu d Hirado, Nhftt Ban
ngfty 7 thdng Tdm ndm 1637.
Trong chuyen di khdng cd gi dang iQu y.

THICH

(25). Trong cuon nh^t ky nfiy, nhQng CO d^o
Thien chiia ngudi Bo Dfio Nha tu do tifi'n hfinh
c6ng vi§c buon bfin.

(26). Vdi con song nfiy, eh^c hin chiing ta se
nghe n6i den mpt trong v6 so nhiing song kenh da
ngfin each nhfing hon dao cua vinh Ha Long, mpt
npi hai dich thuc cua Dfing Ngofii vi nhd ring,
theo ong Maget, n6 khfi gfin npi hai ciia Nhftt Ban.
Hdn nfla, thftm chf den ngfiy nay, nhiing tofin cU6p
biln d bd biln Trung Hoa vSn thUdng lui tdi cac
dao nfiy.

(27). Nhu vfty cCing c6 nhiing ngudi Nhfit Ban b
Quinam, gin Dfi NSng.
(28). Chfic chfin dfiy ifi dao Cham - cullao b
ngang vdi tinh Quang Nam [tUc Cii Lao Chfim].
(29). Chii nfiy khong dpc A\l()c trong ban vilTt tay.
(30). Chiing toi khdng hilu nghia cua chii ms.
Cd the do nghia Ifi mass, mpt trpng lupng diing vfio
thdi ky ciia cdng ty.
(31). Nhiing dao Paracelses t^o thfinh m$t
qufin dao nho nfim d khoang 17° vi Bftc vfi 130°
kinh Ddng Greenwich [tile qufin dao Hofing Sa].