Nhân dân tỉnh Bắc Kạn với an toàn khu của trung ương ở chợ Đồn trong kháng chiến chống Pháp (1945-1954)

NHAN DAN TINH BAG KAN Vfll AN TOAN KHU CUA TRUNG UOfNG
or CHO DON TRONG KHANG CHIEN CHONG PHAP (1945-1954)
Au THI H O N G THAM*

A

n toin khu (ATK) ciia Trung fldng
gifl vai trd to ldn doi vdi thing ldi
cua cuoc khing chie^n cho'ng Phip. Da cd
khong it cong trinh, bai viet de cip de'n
nhflng khia canh khic nhau cua ATK, trong
dd ATK cua Trung fldng d Dinh Hda (Thii
Nguyen) dfldc nghien cflu k h i nhieu. Tuy
nhien, ATK ciia Trung fldng d Chd Ddn, tinh
Bic Kan vd'n la mgt trong nhflng mit xich
het sflc quan trgng, cdn chfla dfldc chu y mgt
cich thda ding. Trong pham vi cua bii viet
niy, chung t6i chi muon lam ro mgt s6' net
ve vai trd ciia nhan d i n tinh Bic Kan doi vdi
ATK ciia Trung fldng d Chd Ddn.
Dinh gii cao vi tri vai trd cin cfl dia
Viet Bic d6l vdi cich mang Viet Nam, nen
ngay sau ngay Cich mang thing Tim
thinh cdng, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh d i cii
d6ng chf Pham V i n Ddng v i mgt sd ddng
chi khic d lai Viet Bic de cung c6' cin cfl
dia cich mang. Khi nguy cd chien tranh
xim Ifldc ciia thflc d i n P h i p dang ngiy
cing tdi gin, t h i n g 11-1946, Trung fldng
Dang tiep tuc cii ddng chi Nguyin Lfldng
Bing va Trin Ding Ninh trd lai Viet Bic

chuan hi dia ban xay dflng cin cfl dia
khang chie'n. Mgt so' xa thugc Dinh Hda,
Dai Tfl, Vo Nhai (thugc tinh Thii Nguyen),
Chd Ddn, Chd Ra cu (thugc tinh Bic Kan),
Sdn Dfldng, Yen Sdn, Chiem Hda (thugc

Th.S, Tinh Bfie Kan

tinh Tuyen Quang) m i trung tam l i Dinh
Hda, Chd Ddn, Sdn Dfldng, Yen Sdn dfldc
chgn lam ATK, ndi d va lim viec cua cic cd
quan Trung fldng Dang, Chfnh phu trong
trfldng hdp chie'n tranh bung no, phai rflt
khdi Thu d6 H i Ngi.
Nhfl viy, ATK Chd Ddn (Bic Kan) cd vi
tri het sflc quan trgng. Va tren thflc te, ndi
day vfla l i cd sd cua cic cd quan Trung
fldng Dang va Chfnh phu, Bg Tdng tham
mflu (1), vfla la ndi cac cd quan, xfldng miy,
kho t i n g cua Trung fldng ddng (2).
ATK Chd Ddn la khu vflc cic xa phfa Nam
v i Tiy Nam ciia huyen Chd Ddn ngay nay.
Phfa Nam giap huyen Dinh Hda (Thai
Nguyen), phfa Tiy giip cic huyfn Yen Sdn,
Chiem Hda (Tuyen Quang). Dd l i dia bin
chien Ifldc thuan ldi, nui non trung diep co tic
dung che di'u Iflc Ifldng, quin chung nhin
din thuIn hiu, chi't phic, trung thinh vdi
cich mang. Theo td tien ta thi dd li ndi
'Thien thdi dia ldi nhan hda", thee Hd Chi

Minh l i ndi "Tien kha di cong, thoii kha di
thu". Die biet, vflng nay n i m tren con dfldng
Nam tien theo chu trfldng cua Hd Chi Minh,
do ddng chf Vo Nguyen Giip tnic tiep chi dao,
l i ndi Cd cd sd v i phong trio cich mang vflng
chic, sdm gianh dfldc chfnh quyen.
Y thflc dfldc tam quan trgng cua vi'n de,
n h i n d i n tinh Bic Kan da vfldt moi khd


Rhan dan tinh Bac Kan vdi Kn toan hhu..

57

khin, gian khd de xay dflng, bao ve va phuc
vu ATK cua Trung fldng d Chd Ddn trdng
khing chien cho'ng P h i p (1945-1954).

(Ban Thi) v i Ban Loin (Yen Thinh), Dii
tieng ndi Viet Nam v i Trai nuoi tre cua cin
bg khing chien thi ddng d Phja Khao.

Tfl cudi n i m 1946 v i nhflng nim tiep
theo vdi nhflng khoang thdi gian khic nhau
trong 9 n i m khing chie'n chd'ng Phip, ATK
Chd Ddn da tiep n h i n nhieu cd quan,
xfldng miy, kho t i n g cua Trung fldng.

Phja Khao ciing la ndi d v i lim viec ciia
Nha Nghien cflu ky thuat quan sfl dfldi sfl chi

dao cua ong Trin Dai Nghia. Dfldc sfl giflp dd
cua chfnh quyen, quan v i din dia phfldng,
Nha Nghien cflu da che tao dfldc nhflng vu
khi quan trgng phuc vu khing chie'n (4).

Xi Yen Thinh cii bao gdm cic x i Ban
Thi, Yen Thinh v i Yen Thfldng ngay nay la
ndi tiep nhan sdm nhi't cic cd quan, cdng
xfldng, kho ting cua Trung fldng. Bing
phfldng tien t i u hda loai nhd v i godng chay
tren tuyen dfldng s i t Dim Hdng (Chiem
Hda, Tuyen Quang) - Ban Thi (Chd Ddn, Bic
Kan) (3), tfl cuoi nim 1946 v i diu nim
1947, Nha Tiep te (thugc Bg Kinh te) da
chuyen hing chuc ti'n mu6l len Ban Ciu trfl
vio kho d Khudn Lia v i hing trim ti'n hang
hoi, vit lifu, may mdc len Ban Thi, Leo
Hiu, Khuon True thugc xa Yen Thinh cu.
Ban Thi l i ndi cd quing kem, chi, bac...
la nhflng nguyen lieu ra't can cho viec
nghien cflu, san xui't vu khf, d dd cd cd sd
vat chi't cu nhfl n h i cita, mgt so' miy mdc
khai thic quing ciia P h i p dfldc n h i nfldc
quan ly, die biet l i cd nha miy thuy dien
nhd, tram bflu dign v i dfldng diy dien
thoai Ban Thi - Dim Hdng... Bdi the,
Xfldng quin gidi ciia Trung fldng (cdn ggi la
Xfldng H52) chuyen de'n Ban Thi. Luc diu
xfldng dat d Ld Rang (ten ggi cd sd rang
quang thdi Phip), ve sau de dip flng nhu

ciu khing chie'n ngay cing ldn, xfldng
chuyen ra d i u ciu Ban Nhfldng. Viec san
xui't vu khf ri't cin de'n nguyen lieu chi, do
viy, cd sd khai thic due quing chi d Deo An
ra ddi, cdn ggi la Xfldng Bic Sdn, thu hflt
nhieu thanh nien d Bail Thi tham gia.
Xfldng miy in tien cua Bg Tii chfnh
ddng d Ban Thi. Tdng dii v6 tuyen dien
tflng ddng d Phja Khao (Ban Thi), Din La

Tai xa Yen Thinh cu co Cue Quan y cua
Bg Quo'c phdng (luc d i u ddng d Khuon
True, Leo Hau, khi bi quin P h i p cin quel,
t h i n g 10-1947, chuyen vao Liing Phen), cd
quan Bio Cdu qud'c ddng d Che Ngu.
De bao dam an toin, cic cd quan Trung
fldng khdng ddng l i u mgt chd, thfldng thay
ddi chd d, m6i ndi mgt n i m hay vii thing,
sau dd chuyen dai bg p h i n di chd khic mgt
thdi gian rdi quay lai hoic co cd quan
chuyen di h i n . Dd d vio vi trf de ding lien
lac, qua lai vdi cac ATK Trung fldng d Dinh
Hoi, Sdn Dfldng, Yen Sdn... nen cic xa phfa
Nam cua huyen dfldc chgn l i m ndi ddng
cua cic cd quan Trung fldng Dang, Chinh
Phu va Bg Quo'c phong...
Ndi d v i l i m viec cua Hd Chu tich
nhflng n i m 1950 - 1951 dfldc chgn d Ddi N i
P i u thugc Ban Thft, xa Lfldng Bing. Trfldc
dd, Ngfldi cdn d va lam viec thdi gian ngin

(tfl 7-12-1947 de'n cudi t h i n g 12-1947) tai
Ban Ca, xa Binh Trung. Ddng chf Tdng Bf
thfl Trfldng Chinh v i V i n phdng Trung
fldng Dang trong nhflng nam 1950-1951 d
Khudi Linh, xa Nghia T i . Ddi Khau Ma, xa
Lfldng Bing l i ndi d v i l i m viec cua ddng
chf Pham V i n Ddng v i Hgi ddng Chfnh
phu trong khoang thdi gian tfl 1950-1951.
Cd quan Bg Tdng tham mflu d N i Quin,
Ban Tud'm, Khudi Ang x i Binh Trung.
Nhflng n i m 1950-1951, cac ddng chi V5
Nguyen Giip, Nguyin Chi Thanh, Hoing
Vin Thii thfldng qua lai lam viec d diy.


5S
Dia diem Tong Quin la ndi Bg tdng Tham
mflu td chflc hai Hgi nghi tdng ke't cac
chie'n dich Bien gidi 1950 v i Dfldng so' 18
vio cudi n i m 1950 va d i u n i m 1951. Chu
tich Hd Chf Mmh va Tdng Bf thfl Trung
fldng Dang - Trfldng Chinh d i tdi dfl v i
hui'n thi cho ca hai Hgi nghi.
Cd quan ngoai giao Dai sfl quin Trung
Qud'c d Ban Mdn (Lfldng Bing). Viet Nam
Thong ti'n xa d N i Tong (Nghia Ta), Bao
Su That d Khudi D i m (Nghia Ti)...
Dang bg Chd Ddn ph6l hdp vdi dgi cong
tic dae biet d i dinh ra phfldng i n xiy dflng
vung cin cfl theo cic yeu cau: bao ve an

toin cho cin cfl, cung co' v i xay dflng mdi
he tho'ng thong tin lien lac, chuan hi s i n
sang chien di'u va day manh ting gia san
xui't, bao dam h i u cin tai chd...
P h i t huy tinh t h i n yeu nfldc, truyen
thd'ng di'u tranh cich mang, n h i n dan cic
dan tgc tai cic dia phfldng ndi tren da s i n
sang tiep nhan, giup dd ndi in, chd d tam
thdi ngay tfl nhflng ngiy diu. Cic Iflc
Ifldng vu trang, thanh nien xung phong v i
ddng bio cic d i n tgc, nhi't l i d khu vflc
ATK da ddng gdp nhieu cdng sflc, tfl viec
van chuyen cd quan, khai thic nguyen v i t
lieu den viec xay dflng n h i ciia, lan trai cho
cic cd quan, khd ting, xfldng miy. Thanh
nien xung phong ciia cic xa dfldc coi la Iflc
Ifldng thfldng trflc phoi hdp vdi d i n quin,
du kich xa lam ndng cd't cho phong trio
toin dan xay dflng ATK.
Viec van chuyen dd doan, miy mdc, nguyen
vit heu, Ifldng thflc, mudi in... vdi khol Iflgng
ldn, tfl ngoii dfldng den cac vi tri an toan, nim
siu trong cic khe nfli, h i u het la do Iflc Ifldng
vfl trang vi thanh nien mang vie.
Liic Ifldng vu trang cua huyen v i cic xi
cd cd quan, khd ting... cdn trflc tiep tham
gia t u l n tra, phdi hdp vdi canh ve canh gac,
bao ve an toan. Nhflng tram gic vdng ngoai

Rghien cuu Lich siir. si510.2010

ciia ATK nhfl chin Deo So (Binh Trung),
Tum Td (Bing Lang), Ban Cau (Yen
Thinh).., deu cd sfl tham gia ciia Iflc Ifldng
vu trang Chd Ddn. Trong pham vi tflng xi
dat ATK, d i n quin du kich ludn ludn s i n
sang chie^n dau, flng phd vdi mgi tinh hinh.
Viec gifl gin bf mat, dam bao an toan cho
cic cd quan Trung fldng v i trong tinh dfldc
quin triet v i tuyen truyen can mat trong
n h i n din. Khau hieu "Ba khong" (kh6ng
biet, kh6ng thi'y, khong nghe), da dfldc
n h i n dan thflc hien nghiem tflc. Tfl khau
hieu tuyen truyen da bien t h i n h khau hieu
h i n h dgng, mgi ngfldi d i n trong huyen,
nhi't l i khu vflc ATK, da neu cao trich
nhiem bao mat.
Cac tram giao thong lien lac trong ATK
v i vdi cic cd sd ngdii huyen dfldc to chflc,
nhan vien, can bg giao thdng dfldc tuyen Ifla
trong thanh nien d khu vflc ATK. Trdng bi't
ky tinh hudng nio, vfldt qua mgi khd khin,
gian nguy, cic lien lac vien mang thfl, cic
tii lieu cua Dang, Chfnh phii v i quin dgi...
deu bao dam thdng su6't, an toin v i kip thdi.
Sfl quan t i m giflp dd cua Dang bg va
n h i n d i n cic d i n tgc Chd Ddn d6l vdi cic
cd quan, gia dinh cin bg theo chdng con di
khing chie'n d i tao dieu kien cho cic cd
quan Trung fldng vfldt qua dfldc nhflng khd
k h i n trong nam dau tdng di chuyen len

ATK, can cfl dia khing chie'n. Ngfldc lai,
trong qui trinh xiy dflng, p h i t trien cd sd
Dang, ciing cd va kien toin bg miy chfnh
quyen, doin the quin chung cic ci'p. Dang
bg v i n h i n d i n cic dan tgc Chd Ddn, die
biet l i khu vflc ATK ludn n h i n dfldc sfl chi
dao trflc tiep cua Tinh uy, Khu uy cung
nhfl sfl giup dd to ldn cua cac cd quan
Trung fldng. Cic cd quan Trung fldng
thfldng xuyen lien he chit che vdi nhan
din, dgng vien mgi ngfldi h i n g h i i tham
gia khing chie'n, kien quoc, hfldng din


Rhan dan tinh Bdc Kan vin Rn toan khu...

59

nhan din xiy dflng ddi sd'ng mdi, bid ve bf
mat, an toan cic cd quan trong ATK. Mgt
sd cd quan cdn cii cin bg giup dd dia
phfldng xiy dflng td chflc Dang, cung co'
chinh quyen, md mang vin hoa, giio due.
Trong chien dich Viet Bic Thu - Dong
1947, de giai phdng que hfldng, bao ve an
toan ATK cua trung fldng ddng tren dia
bin, gdp phan lam thi't bai ke hoach dinh
nhanh thing nhanh cua thflc dan Phip,
dfla cuoc khing chie'n phat trien sang giai
doan mdi, quan va dan Chd Ddn da phdi

hdp vdi bg dgi dia phfldng v i quin chii Iflc
anh dung chie'n da'u tieu diet sinh Iflc dich.

ve Yen Nhuan de cin quet khu vflc nay.
De'n N i Chao (Yen Nhuan), dich nd sflng
dfl dgi vio mgt ddn vi du kich lim mgt
ddng chf hy sinh v i mgt ddng chi khac bi
thfldng. Mgt tieu dgi du kich khic dang luc
l i m nhiem vu canh gic cho n h i n d i n gat
Ifla d gin dd, nghe tieng sung no nhanh
chdng phoi hdp vdi trung dgi bg dgi chu Iflc
tieu doin 102 (thugc Trung doan 165 tflc
Trung doin Thii d6) td chflc phuc kich. Nhd
th6ng thad dia hinh, quin ta chgn dfldc dia
the thuan ldi de mai phuc, Chd quin dich
tdi gin, quan ta nhi't Idat nd sflng, nem lflu
dan, diet 8 ten rdi rut lui an toan (6).

Du kich Chd Ddn phdi hdp vdi cic ddn vi
bg dgi, die biet l i Dai dgi dgc lip 653 tien
hinh cung c6' cac tran dia cu v i xiy dflng
them mgt s6' t r i n dia mdi tren cac nga
dfldng tfl Phfldng Vien di Nggc Phii, de'n
R i Ban v i sang Dai Sao.

Thing ldi tren ghi them mgt chie'n cdng
ciia cic Iflc Ifldng vfl trang Chd Ddn, gdp
phan lim thi't bai mflu do ciia thflc d i n
Phap trong cuoc ti'n c6ng len Viet Bic.

De kho'ng che con dfldng Bic Kan - Chd
Ddn, thflc dan Phap da cho quan nhay dfl
xudng Chd Ddn, chiem ddng vi tri ddn cu d
Phfldng Vien (chiu ly cu) v i tung mgt bg
phin ddng ch6't d D6ng Vien. Ngiy 10-101947, Iflc Ifldng quin P h i p tfl Phfldng Vien
tien ve Yen Thinh, Lan Thi, khep din ggng
kim ve phfa Tay. Nim dfldc hfldng h i n h
quan ciia dich, trung dgi du kich thoat ly
cua huyen phdi hdp vdi bg dgi chii Iflc td
chflc phuc kich tai (deo) K6o Phay. Dflng vao
luc quin dich Igt vao tran dia mai phuc,
quin ta nd sflng ti'n cdng. Bi dinh bi't ngd,
quan dich phai thio chay qua deo (5).
Chfla dat dfldc muc tieu diet quin chu
Iflc va cd quan dau nao khing chien ciia
Viet Nam, v i cung chfla khep kin dfldc
ggng kim theo ke hocich, quin P h i p d Bic
Kan tang vien binh cho Chd Ddn. Ngay 1810-1947, quin P h i p huy dgng liic Ifldng
khoang 80 linh, tfl Bic Kan tien vao Chd
Ddn, Theo hfldng Tiy Nam, quin Phap tien

Thflc hien menh lenh cua Bg Tdng chi
huy, cin bg, chien si Trfldng V5 Bi tam thdi
td chflc t h i n h Trung doin 79 do ddng chf
Hoing Dao Thuy lam Trung doan trfldng,
ddng chf Le Dinh l i m Chfnh tri vien, tfl
Bic Kan qua Ba Be da de'n Ban Thi ngay
15-10-1947. Tai day, Trung doan chia lim
hai bg phin: Doan 1 do cic ddng chf Hoang
Dao Thuy v i Le Dinh chi huy cd nhiem vu

phdi hdp vdi d i n quan, du kich chin danh
dich tfl Chd Ddn de'n Ban Thi. Ddin da cd
sfl phdi hdp Iflc Ifldng vu trang huyen lip
nhieu chie'n cdng. Doin 2 do ddng chf Phan
Phic, Tdng Dgi trfldng chi huy tien ve phfa
Tiy, phuc kfch quin P h i p tai km so' 4
dfldng s i t Dam Hdng - Ban Thi vio sing
ngay 18-10-1947, giinh t h i n g ldi diet 38
ten, lim bi thfldng gin 20 ten, chin dflng
cuoc hanh quin tfl Chiem Hda len Ban Thi
cua thflc dan P h i p .
Cflng thdi gian (dem 18-10), dfldc sfl giup
dd ciia nhin din, sfl phoi hdp cua quin du
kfch xi Yen Thinh, Trfldng Vd Bi td chflc mgt
dgi "Quye't tii' gdm 8 chie'n si, do Nguyen Bgi


60

Dong lam tieu dgi trfldng, bf mat tip kich ddn
Yen Thinh, diet mgt s6' ten dich, p h i mgt dai
lien, ddng chi Dong bi thfldng vin binh tinh
chi huy quin nit lui an toan.
Lflc Ifldng quan P h i p gin 300 ten tfl
Chd Ra (Ba Be), tie'n sang Ban Thi de tim
cich hgi q u i n vdi lflc Ifldng cua binh ddin
Commuynan tai Dai Thi (Chiem Hoa,
Tuyen Quang), khi de'n N i Ngang bi du
kfch xa Mlu Ninh (Ba Be) phuc kfch diet 3
ten. Ngay 20-10, chflng tdi Ban Thi, each

Dii Thi hdn 20km (7),
Binh doin hon hdp linh thiiy dinh bg
Commuynan tren dfldng hinh quan len
Tuyen Quang, Chiem Hoi, lien tiep hi quin
ta phuc kfch, hi thiet hai ning, nhi't li trong
cic trin tren song L6 va hi chin dinh d Dim
Hdng, nen khdng cd lien lac len Ban Thi.
Chiem ddng sau trong vung cin cfl khing
chien ciia ta, quin Phip rdi vid tinh the hi co
lip, cd nguy cd bi tdn thi't ning ne hdn, sau
lin hi quin ta dinh dem 18-10, quin dich co'
thu them ft ngiy rdi rut khdi Yen Thinh.
Theo ke hoach hai ggng kim, quin P h i p
hdp diem tai Ban Thi ngiy 13-10-1947, sau
dd hgi quin tai Dii Thi, song chung d i bi
thi't bai, mfli dfli xuyen ngang ciia ke thfl
qua Chd Ddn sang Tuyen Quang hi quin ta
chat dflt. Sau thi't bai t r i n ngiy 18-10, bg
p h i n quin P h i p d Dim Hdng lieu linh theo
dfldng s i t tien len Ban Thi de b i t lien lac,
tdi ndi mdi biet l i quin P h i p vfla rut khdi
ndi day, de t r i n h bi tieu diet huge chung
phai quay trd lai diem xui't phit.
Phai ddi phd vdi the t r i n chien tranh
nhan din, hi quin v i d i n Chd Ddn phuc
kich v i chin danh khIp ndi, quin Phip hi
thi't bai v i khdn do'n ve cac mit. Ngay 1311-1947, chung phai lu Ifldt rut quan khdi
Chd Ddn, keo ve thi xa Bic Kan. Chd Ddn
hdin toin giai phdng sau 37 ngiy dem
chien di'u (8).

Rghien cuu Lich siir. s610.2010
Trong nhflng n i m 1951-1953, thflc d i n
Phap t i n g cfldng p h i hoai h i u phfldng va
ATK khing chie'n tren dia ban Chd Ddn.
Miy bay dich nhieu l i n n6m bom giy thiet
hai ve ngfldi v i ciia cho cic cd quan, xfldng
may, khd tang. Quan, d i n cic xa da neu
cao tinh than doin ket, giup dd nhau, khic
phuc h i u qua chie'n tranh do dich giy ra,
ddng thdi giup dd cic cd quan, xfldng miy,
khd t i n g l i m lai l i n trai, nhanh chdng 6n
dinh ndi san xui't va l i m viec.
Sau ngiy Bic Kan dfldc giai phdng
(1949), con dfldng sd 3 tfl Ha Ngi len Thii
Nguyen - Bic Kan - Cao Bing trd t h i n h
con dfldng giao thdng huyet mach cua cuoc
khing chie'n. Dfldng 29 (Chd Ddn - Bic
Kan) l i con dfldng quan trgng n6l lien ATK
Chd Ddn vdi tinh ly Bic Kan v i cin cfl dia
khing chie'n Viet Bic. Do viy, ngay tfl khi
Chd Ddn dfldc giai phdng, chfnh quyen dia
phfldng da nhieu l i n huy dgng d i n cong ra
siia chfla, tu bd, md rong dfldng 29.
De gdp sflc cho chie'n dich Bien gidi Thu
- Ddng 1950, tfl t h i n g 1 den t h i n g 3-1950,
huyen Chd Ddn da huy dgng lien tuc 4 ddt
din cdng, moi ddt 500 ngfldi de s^a dfldng
s6' 3 bi p h i hoai ning ne trong chie'n tranh.
Nhd sfl nd lflc ddng gdp cua cac huyen, trong

dd cd Chd Ddn, den thing 4-1950, dfldng da
thdng xe, bao dam kip thdi cho cong cuoc
chuan bi Chie'n dich Bien gidi Thu - Ddng
1950. Trong thing 10-1950, con xay ra
nhieu t r i n mfla lu, giy hfl hdng nhieu doan
dfldng 29, dfldng Qud'c 16 sd 3, ddng bio cic
din tgc trong huyen da dong gdp hing trim
ngiy c6ng vao viec siia chfla.
Sau chie'n t h i n g Bien gidi Thu - Dong
1950, con dfldng Qude 16 sd 3, cing trd
t h i n h dfldng giad thong trgng yeu. Vi thd,
thflc d i n p h i p dung may bay ra sflc b i n
p h i con dfldng nay. Do miy bay dich b i n
p h i quye't liet, lim hfl hai ning ne nhieu


Rhan dan tinh Bac Kan voi Rn toan hhu...
doan dfldng Qud'c 16 s6' 3, diu nam 1951,
thflc hien ke hoach cua tinh, trong ba
thing chie'n dich, Chd Ddn da huy dgng
3420 ngfldi vdi hdn 160 con t r i u keo gd ra
cong trfldng svia chfla cau dfldng (9).
Nim 1952, l i n i m ddng bao cac din tgc
d Chd Ddn da tap trung sflc ngfldi, sflc cua
chd chien trfldng. Tinh rieng trong t h i n g 5
nim 1952, toan huyen d i huy dgng 4,500
din cong phuc vu c6ng t i e van chuyen cho
quo'c phdng va hdn 100 d i n c5ng ra c6ng
trfldng siia chfla ciu dfldng Qud'c 16 s6' 3,
Ngoai tham gia hing van ngiy c6ng

phuc vu chie'n dich giai phdng Bic Kan
(1949), chie'n dich bien gidi (1950), s^a
chfla ciu dfldng Qud'c 16 s6' 3, ddng bio cic
din tgc vung ATK (Yen Thinh cu), Lfldng
Bing, Nghia Ti... huyen Chd Ddn, cdn thflc
hien nhiem vu phuc vu ATK. Hang thing
hang chuc lao dgng van chuyen chi (tfl xf
nghiep Bic Sdn) va tien (tfl xfldng in tien),
vfl khf dan dfldc (tfl xfldng quan gidi) d Ban
Thi de'n Bic Kan hoac ve khu vflc phia
Nam huyen. Ddi khi cdn cd nhflng ddt phuc
vu dot xuit, trong t h i n g 9-1951, theo yeu
ciu, huyen cii 33 ngfldi phuc vu Xfldng
H52, 7 ngfldi phuc vu xf nghiep Bic Sdn
(10). Viec di chuyen dia diem v i xiy dflng
cic cd quan trung fldng tren dia b i n huyen
cflng dfldc nhan dan ndi diy ddng gdp hing
ngin cdng lao dgng.
Diu n i m 1954, cdng tic van chuyen kho
tang trd t h i n h yeu ciu ci'p thie't. Thflc hien
ke hoach cua tinh, trong t h i n g 4, Chd ddn
da 16 chflc mgt doin gdm 50 xe trau v i 60
mang vin chuyen Ifldng thflc tfl Chd Ddn
ra thi xi Bic Kan; ddng thdi td chflc mgt
doan gdm 172 con ngiia thd, chuyen Ifldng
thflc cic xa phia Nam ciia huyen ve kho
Chd Chu (Dinh Hdi, Thii Nguyen) (11).
Ngdii ra, ddng bio cic din tgc huyen
Chd Ddn cdn neu cao tinh than thflc hien

61

nghia vu cua h i u phfldng. N i m 1950, thflc
hien ldi hieu trieu b i n thdc nudi quan ciia
Hd Chii tich, nhan dan cic d i n tgc Chd
Ddn da ddng gdp 16.036 kg, dflng dau cic
huyen trong tinh (12). Ddng thdi ddng bio
cdn ddng gdp cic khoan: thdc dfl trfl: 40.000
kg, thdc cho bg dgi dia phfldng: 44.000kg,
tien dd d i u 21 tieu dgi dia phfldng: 18.000
ddng, tien may quin ao cho bg dgi dia
phfldng: 42.000 ddng, dflng d i u tinh. Trdng
phdng trid thflc hien ldi keu ggi tiet kiem
"Hu gao khing chie'n", tfl thing 1 de'n
t h i n g 3 n i m 1951, phu nfl Chd ddn d i
ddng gdp dfldc 138 kg gad.
Chi em phu nfl cic dan tgc Chd Ddn
neu cao tinh t h i n yeu nfldc, ra sflc ddng
gdp cho k h i n g chie^n, trong 6 t h i n g d i u
n i m 1951 da quyen gdp 240 kg gao nep,
nhieu loai thflc pham nhfl: rau, trflng, ca
chua, mang... tri gii gin 1.000 ddng, va
800 ddng tien m i t va mgt s6' dd dflng sinh
hoat cho bg dgi. Cic phong trao "Hfldng
flng mfla ddng binh si", "Giup dd thfldng
binh"... deu dfldc ddng dao chi em hfldng
flng, dat hi^u qua cao.
Ngiy 1-5-1951, Chfnh phu ban h i n h Sic
lenh ve thue nong nghiep, nhim dam bao
cdng bing ve nghia vu va quyen ldi cua

ngfldi ndng dan ddi vdi n h i nfldc.
Vdi chfnh sich dd, viec thu thue^ ndng
nghiep d Chd Ddn n i m 1951 dat dfldc
nhflng ket qua ding khich le. Tdng ket ddt
diu (tfnh den t h i n g 9-1951) viec thflc hien
ke hoach tfnh rieng d hai xa Nggc Bing v i
Nhu Viin dfldc gin 80 ti'n, vfldt mflc ke
hoach, toan huyen ca n i m thue chfnh t i n g
dat 98,8 % ke hoach (13),
Nim 1952, thue ndng nghiep toan
huyen Chd Ddn dat dfldc 573.629 kg (14).
Nam 1954, thu thue ndng nghiep ca hai
loai chinh tang v i phu thu dat 906.838 kg,
vfldt ke hdach 90 ti'n.


e2

Rghien cuu Lich si^. s6'10.2010

Ben canh dd, trong nhflng n i m khing
chie'n huyen Chd Ddn da huy dgng ddng
gop dfldc 6.300 ti'n thdc, 120 ti'n thit cic
loai v i hdn 500 ti'n rau, cii, qua cic loai cho
cuoc khang chie'n (15),
Ve c6ng t i c q u i n sfl, n i m 1950, huyen
Chd Ddn da lien tuc bd sung lflc Ifldng cho
quan chii lflc, n h i m dap flng yeu cau cua
cic chien dich dae biet l i chie'n dich Bien
gidi Thu - Dong 1950. Tinh rieng ddt tuyen

binh 27-4-1950, ca tinh Bic Kan cd nhiem
vu tuyen 200 tan binh, thi Chd Ddn da cd
35 ngfldi tham gia len dfldng tdng quin giet
giac. D i u n i m 1952, toin huyen tuyen
dfldc 89 ngfldi dat gin 90% sd vdi chi tieu
tren giao, dflng hang d i u so vdi cic huyen.
Ddng - Xuan 1953 - 1954, con em cic d i n
tgc huyen Chd Ddn nao nflc xung phong
n h i p ngu. Tfnh rieng trong hai ddt tuyen
quin d i u n i m 1953, Chd Ddn da tuyen
CHU

dfldc 99 ngfldi, \iidt 10% chi tieu ke hoach
tinh giao (16). Trong chien dich lich sii
Dien Bien Phu hang ngan thanh nien cac
dan tgc trong huyen da h i n g hai len dfldng
tham gia chie'n di'u v i phuc vu chien da'u,
gdp p h i n l i m nen chie'n t h i n g liy Iflng
Dien Bien Phu chi'n dgng dia ciu.
Trong cuoc k h i n g chie'n, tuy dan sd d
huyen khong ddng nhflng Dang uy v i nhan
din huyen Chd Ddn da cii 675 thanh nien
len dfldng n h i p ngu, 91 ngfldi di thanh
nien di xung pheng, 14 ngin ngfldi di tham
gia dan cdng phuc vu chien dich Dien Bien
Phu.
Nhin lai lich svi hdn 60 n i m qua. Dang bg
v i n h i n d i n cic dan tgc tinh Bic Kan ngiy
nay tfl hio da cd vinh dfl tham gia xay dflng,
bao ve v i phuc vu ATK cua Trung fldng d

Chd Ddn gdp p h i n dfla cuoc khang chie'n
ch6'ng P h i p den thing ldi ve vang.

THICH

(1), T r u n g t a m cua ATK Chd Don nay thudc cac
xa LUdng B i n g , Nghia Ta, Binh Trung.
(2). Nay thude dia phan cua xa Yen Thinh (cU).
(3). Dudng sfit rdng 0,8 met.
ciiu che tao via khi dUdc phong anh hiing lao ddng
la dong chi Ngd Gia Kham,

sd'20/BC-HU

ngdy 23-8-1954, Itfu tai Kho LUu trQ Tinh uy Bfie Kan.
(12), Nghi quye't Hgi nghi Ban chdp hdnh

tinh

Ddng bg Bdc Kgn hgp tii ngdy 17-4 de'n ngdy 20-4-

(5). Huyen iiy Chd Don, Lich sii Bdng bg huyen
Cho Don (1930-1954), Huyen uy Chd Don xua't
ban, 1993, tr. 63,

1950, luu tai Kho LUu trQ Tinh uy Bfie Kan,
(13), Uy ban Khang chie'n Hanh chinh huy^n
Chd Ddn, Bdo cdo thiic hien thue'nong nghiep huyen

(6), (7). Dang liy - Bd ehi huy quan sU tinh Bac

(1945-1954),

bg huyen Cha Don ldn thii

nhdt, lUu trii tai Kho LUu trii Tinh uy Bfie Kan,
(11). Huyen uy Chd Ddn, Bdo cdo

(4), Mdt trong nhUng ngUdi cua Nha Nghien

Kan: Bac Kgn lich sii khdng

(10). Ban Chap h a n h Dang bd huyen Chd Ddn,
Bdo cdo Bgi hgi Bdng

chie'n chdng

Cha Ddn, lUu tai Kho LUu trQ Tinh uy Bfie Kan.

Phdp

(14), Uy ban Khang chie'n H a n h chinh huyen

Nxb. Quan ddi N h a n dan, Ha Ndi,

Chd Ddn, Bdo cdo ndm 1952, lUu tai Kho LUu trQ

2001, tr. 110, 111.
(8). Tinh Dang bd Bfie Kan, Bdo cdo ba thdng ihU
nhdt ndm 1949, lUu tai kho LUu trQ tinh iiy Bfie Kan.

tinh uy Bfie Kan,
(15). Cha Don anh hiing. Bao Bfie Kan, sd' dfi.-;
biet (14-12-2000).

(9), Uy ban Khang chie'n Hfinh chinh tinh Bfie Kan,

(16). Uy ban Khang chien Hanh chinh huyfn

Bdo cdo thdnh tich sita dUdng Bac Kan, lUu trii tai Kho

Chd Ddn, Bdo cdo 6 thdng ddu ndm 1953, luu tai

lUu trQ Ban Nghien ciiu Lieh sii Dang Thai Nguyen,

Kho LUu trQ tinh iiy Bfie Kan.