Tư tưởng triết học của tôn trung sơn và ý nghĩa của nó tt tiếng anh

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

TRINH THI HANG

PHILOSOPHY IDEAS
OF TON TRUNG SON AND ITS MEANING

Major: Philosophy
Sector code: 92.29.001

SUMMARY OF THESIS DOCTORAL THESIS

HA NOI, 2020


THIS WORK IS COMPLETED AT
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

MENTOR: Professor. Doctor. Pham Van Duc

Reviewer 1: Prof.Dr. Nguyen Van Tai
Reviewer 2: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Nguyen The Kiet
Reviewer 3: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Nguyen Minh Hoan

The thesis is defended before the thesis appraisal board of the
Academy at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences at:
......hours, date ......... month...... 2020.

This thesis can be found at:
- Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences

- National Library of Vietnam


LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS PUBLISHED

1. Trinh Thi Hoang (2016), The democratic ideology of Ton Trung Son,
Journal of Philosophy, No. 11.
2. Hoang ThiTho, Trinh Thi Hoang (2017), The premise of Eastern ideology
for the formation of Tam Danism by Ton Trung Son, Journal of Chinese
Studies, No. 8.
3. Trinh Thi Hoang (2017), Philosophical thought of Ton Trung Son through
Evolutionary treatise, Philosophical Review, No. 9.
4. Trinh Thi Hoang (2018), The idea of freedom and equality in the civil
rights category of Ton Trung Son, Philosophical Magazine, No. 10.


PREAMBLE
1. The urgency of the thesis
Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) was a modern Chinese bourgeois democracy
revolutionary, leader of the Xinhai revolution (1911) - a revolution to overthrow the
feudal regime that existed for thousands of years in China to create a new regime.
He was also the one who launched the Triple Peopleism with the basic contents of
independent nationalism, civil liberties and happy people. The thoughts of the Triple
People not only have implications for the revolutionary movement at the time, but
also for the current period. Sun Yat-sen is not only the leader of China's
revolutionary movement and national liberation movement, but also a reformer, a
thinker, a philosopher with many profound ideas.
In the early years of the twentieth century, the revolutionary movement in
China in general, and the Three Peopleism of Ton Trung Son in particular, greatly
influenced the patriotic and revolutionary movement of Vietnam at that time,

affecting the Vietnamese patriots such as Phan Boi Chau and Ho Chi Minh, etc.
President Ho Chi Minh during revolutionary activities in China had been in contact
with Ton Trung Son. Ho Chi Minh also highly appreciated the thought of Ton
Trung Son and "vowed to be a small student of Ton Trung Son". During the course
of leading the Vietnamese revolution, Ho Chi Minh absorbed, applied and promoted
the ideas of Ton Trung Son into Vietnamese revolutionary practices. Therefore, the
study of Ton Trung Son's thought is very important, which not only contributes to
clarifying the early stages of the Vietnamese revolution, but also helps to understand
the ideas of Ho Chi Minh, Phan Boi Chau and the Vietnamese revolution.
In Taiwan, Sun Yat-sen is considered the "Father of the Nation", the great
leader of this island. The worship of Ton Trung Son in Taiwan has great spiritual
significance to the people here. Not only that, studying the doctrines and ideas of
Ton Trung Son, promoting his ideological values in modern society has always
1


attracted the research interest of many scientists. As evidence, many research
institutes and research centers on Ton Trung Son have been established in Taiwan
and many works, books, research articles on life, ideology, doctrine, and Triple
Peopleism of Sun Yat-sen was published. In China, recently it has become a trend to
study the ideology of Ton Trung Son with the cause of modernization, as well as
problems in modern society. That shows, Ton Trung Son's ideas in addition to
revolutionary ideological contents, also contain many values of democracy and rule
of law, which are very meaningful for the current period, especially in promoting the
people. master, build a rule of law state, etc.
In Vietnam, Ton Trung Son has been mentioned by many researchers in a
number of aspects such as the introduction of life, the status of career, Tam Danism,
Tan Hoi revolution, and Ton Trung's influence. Son for Vietnamese revolutionaries
and Vietnamese senior revolutionaries. However, in-depth studies on the
philosophical thought of Ton Trung Son are still limited, mainly only mentioned in

an integrated manner.
With the desire to delve into Ton Trung Son's philosophical ideas, point out
the value and meaning of those ideas, in order to contribute to the study of Ton
Trung Son in Vietnam in general, as well as In studying the philosophical thought of
Ton Trung Son in particular, the PhD student chose the topic "Ton Trung Son's
philosophical thought and its meaning" as his doctoral thesis of philosophy.
2. Research objectives and missions
2.1. Objectives of the study
Studying and clarifying the basis of formation and basic contents of Ton
Trung Son's philosophical thought, pointing out the current value and meaning of
such thought.
2.2. Mission
To accomplish the above purpose, the thesis has the following tasks:


Firstly, analyzing the basis of philosophical thought formation of Ton Trung
Son.
Secondly, presenting and analyzing the basic contents of philosophical
thought of Ton Trung Son.
Thirdly, analyze and evaluate the value and significance of the philosophy of
Ton Trung Son philosophy, and at the same time point out the influence of Ton
Trung Son in general and his philosophical ideas in particular in Vietnam.
3. Research subject and scope
3.1. Research subjects
The philosophical thought of Ton Trung Son and the value and meaning of
that thought.
3.2. Research scope
The thesis focuses on elucidating 3 basic contents related to Ton Trung Son's
philosophical ideas, namely: 1 / Ton Trung Son's natural philosophical thought in
Evolutionary theory; 2 / The epistemology of Ton Trung Son in the theory of "Tri

nan hanh hang dien"; 3 / The thought of Ton Trung Son's political - social
philosophy in Tam Danism.
4. Methodological basis and research method
4.1. Methodological basis
The thesis is based on the methodology of dialectical materialism and
historical materialism, especially the principles of historical materialism on social
existence and social consciousness, on struggle. caste, state and revolution, the role
of individuals in history, etc.
The dissertation is also based on the research results, the accepted scientific
views of the previous researchers on Ton Trung Son's thought in general and the
philosophy of Ton Trung Son's thought in particular.
The thesis is also based on research theories, approaches suitable to the thesis


topic.
4.2. Research Methods
Regarding specific methods, the thesis uses a system of common methods in
scientific research such as: synthesis, analysis, interpretation, induction, comparison,
comparison, logic and history, ...
5. New contributions of the thesis
Firstly, the thesis contributes to the analysis and clarification of the
foundation of philosophical thought of Ton Trung Son.
Secondly, the thesis presents some basic contents in Ton Trung Son's
philosophical thought such as: 1 / Ton Trung Son's natural philosophical thought in
Evolutionary theory; 2 / The epistemology of Ton Trung Son in the theory of "Tri
nan hanh hang dien"; 3 / The thought of Ton Trung Son's political - social
philosophy in Tam Danism.
Thirdly, the dissertation analyzes and points out the value and significance of
philosophical ideas of Ton Trung Son; pointing out the influence of Ton Trung Son
in general and his philosophical ideas in particular in Vietnam.

6. Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis
The dissertation contributes to basic and comprehensive research on Ton
Trung Son's philosophical ideology, while also pointing out its limitations and
implications for the Chinese revolution in the modern period, as well as clarifying
the Its influence in Vietnam.
The thesis can be used as a reference for research, teaching and for those who
are interested in this issue.
7. The structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion and list of references, the main
content structure of the thesis consists of 4 chapters and 14 periods.


CHAPTER 1
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION ISSUES THAT
RELATED TO THE THESIS
1.1. The research works related to community and ideological
premise for the formation of philosophical thought of Ton Trung Son
Some researches related to the social context and ideological premise of
the formation of philosophical thought of Ton Trung Son can be listed as
follows: Ton Trung Son's article and Tam Danism of author Phan Van Cac
(China Research Journal, No. 5/2006); the book Three Chinese great men of the
twentieth century by Thi Huu Tung (National Political Publishing House,
Hanoi, 2009); the article Ton Trung Son builds revolutionary organizations in
the Chinese and overseas Chinese community in Vietnam (Journal of Chinese
Studies, No. 5/2011) and the article On the Causes of Ton Trung Son coming to
Vietnam revolutionary activities (Journal of Chinese Studies, No. 4/2015) by
Nguyen Thi Huong; ... In general, the above works have helped us to review
the biography and ideology of the patriot. , the great democracy revolutionary
Ton Trung Son; mentioned, analyzed and interpreted objectively and
scientifically about the life, revolutionary career and the ideology, qualities and

personality of the three great figures that made Chinese history in the century
XX, including Ton Trung Son; ... helps them see the overall picture of Ton
Trung Son's influence and role on the process of building revolutionary
organizations in Vietnam
1.2. The research works related to Ton Trung Son's thought in
general and his philosophical ideas in particular
Firstly, the research works on the ideology of Ton Trung Son in general.
Some typical works can be listed as follows: The article Understanding "civil
rights" by Ton Trung Son (Journal of Chinese Studies, No. 5/2001) by Nguyen


Huy Quy; the article Modernization thought of Ton Trung Son - The process of
formation and development of the author Dao Duy Dat (Journal of Chinese
Studies, No. 5/2006); The article From Ton Tam Son's three nationalism to the
harmonious socialist ideology of Ho Cam Dao by Assoc. Tran Le Bao (Journal
of Chinese Studies, No. 7/2007); The article "Understanding civil rights" by
Ton Trung Son by Nguyen Huy Quy (printed in Nguyen Huy Quy, Research
on Chinese Studies - Selected articles, Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi,
2008); article Some basic content in the people's thinking of Ton Trung Son of
Prof. Dr. Nguyen Tai Thu (Journal of Philosophy, No. 12/2008); article
Thought of democracy in Chinese society in the modern period of author Nham
Thi Thanh Ly (China Research Journal, No. 9/2010); ... In general, the above
works analyzed the contents. basic in Ton Trung Son's thought through Triple
People, such as civil rights, people's livelihood, democratic thought,
modernization thought, etc.
Secondly, the research works on philosophical thought of Ton Trung Son.
Some typical works can be listed as follows: Ton Trung Son's philosophy of
thought (孙中山 哲学 思想) by Vương Học Hoa, published by the People's
Publishing House of Shanghai in 1960; Ministry-level scientific projects in 2009
by Assoc. Nguyen Tai Dong is the chairman of Ton Trung Son's basic

philosophical ideology in trinityism and its influence on Vietnam; the book of
Chinese theoretical thoughts (中国 思想 史 论) by Ly Trach Hau (Translator:
Nguyen Quang Ha), The Gioi Publishing House, Hanoi, 2015; ... The above
works have focused on analyzing some internal issues. basic content in the
philosophical thought of Ton Trung Son, such as: treatise of evolution and theory
of "originality", doctrine of "tri nan, moan" and historical viewpoint on the issue
of people. Among them, the most notable is the book of philosophical thought
Ton Trung Son (孙中山 哲学 思想) by Vương Học Hoa. This is considered one


of the few works specializing in philosophical thought of Ton Trung Son
translated into Vietnamese..
1.3. The research works, assessing the value, meaning of Ton Trung
Son’s thinking and its influence on Vietnam
Some typical works can be listed as follows: The article Relationship
between Ton Trung Son and the Chinese New Hoi Revolution with Phan Boi
Chau and the Vietnam Revolution in the early twentieth century (quoted in the
draft of History book) Sino-Vietnamese relations in modern times (China
Research Journal, no. 5/2001) by Chuong Thau; Tan Hoi Revolution - 90 years
later looking back (1911-2001) of the China Research Center of the National
Center for Social Sciences and Humanities (now the Chinese Research Institute
of the Academy of Social Sciences) Vietnam Association) (Social Sciences
Publishing House, Hanoi, 2002); article Ton Trung Son with Vietnam (Journal of
Chinese Studies, No. 6/2005), author Chuong Thau; article Ton Trung Son - Ho
Chi Minh: Empathy history and era (Journal of Chinese Studies, No. 5/2006) by
Nguyen Van Hong; book Ton Trung Son - Tan Hoi Revolution and Vietnam China relations of the Chinese Research Institute - Vietnam Academy of Social
Sciences (now the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences), (Political Publishing
House Country, Hanoi, 2008); the article People's life issue in the policy of
building China's harmonious society and Vietnam's sustainable development
strategy by Prof. Dr. Pham Van Duc (Philosophical Review, No. 11/2008);

Article V.I.Lenin with Tonkin Son by Nguyen Trung Nam (Philosophical
Magazine, No. 4/2009); The article Influence of Ton Trung Son and Tam
Danism on Ho Chi Minh by Le Thi Tinh (Vietnam Journal of Social Science,
No. 8/2015); ... In general, the above works have been submitted. Outline the
relationship between Ton Trung Son and the Vietnamese revolution in the early
twentieth century, reflected in the effects of the Chinese revolution led by Ton


Trung Son on the Vietnamese revolution and on the revolutionaries. Vietnamese
seniors.
1.4. General comments about the research works related to the topic
and the thesis issues that need further study
Firstly, the above-mentioned works have mentioned many contents of Ton
Trung Son's thought: Modern thought, political thought, democratic thought,
scientific thought, education and military thought. , foreign ideology, social
constructivism, etc. Many works through the study of Triple People'sism have
analyzed Ton Trung Son's thoughts on nationalism, civil rights and nationalism.
born. Through these works, readers can see the rich content in Ton Trung Son's
thought, not only seeing the stature of a thinker with a spirit of change but also a
revolutionary, a leader of the Tan Hoi revolution.
Besides, many works have mentioned the influence of Ton Trung Son,
Tan Hoi revolution, Tam Danism to the revolutionary movement and thinkers of
Vietnam in the modern period, etc. The work asserts that Ton Trung Son and the
Tan Hoi revolution have a great influence on the Vietnamese revolution,
affecting Vietnamese revolutionaries such as Phan Boi Chau, Ho Chi Minh ...
Many articles have been classified. analysis of Ho Chi Minh's ideological and
revolutionary expressions showing the influence from Ton Trung Son and from
Tam Danism.
Secondly, in Vietnam, although there have been many research works on
Ton Trung Son's ideology, Ton Trung Son's intensive works on philosophical

thought are quite modest. Many works have mentioned his philosophical ideas
but the capacity is not large, most of the contents of these works are relatively
simple, without in-depth analysis and lack of systematic.
Thirdly, in Vietnam, up to now, there has not been a monograph
systematically studying and generalizing the philosophical ideas of Ton Trung


Son. The studies on Ton Trung Son mainly discussed Ton Trung Son and Tam
Danism and Ton Trung Son with the Tan Hoi revolution, the influence of Ton
Trung Son on Vietnamese patriots at the end of the 19th century. etc., in
particular, these works are mostly shown in articles and magazines. Therefore,
this is a difficulty for the implementation of the topic, but at the same time it is
also an advantage for the topic to contribute a part in the study of Ton Trung
Son's thought in general, his philosophical ideas. in particular. The thesis also
wishes to contribute to the exploitation of positive values in the philosophical
thought of Ton Trung Son from which to apply in the cause of building our
country today.
Fourthly, through an overview of the research works of previous scholars,
on the basis of inheriting and developing the achieved research results, the thesis
will continue to study in depth the philosophical thought of Ton Trung Son,
especially the thought of Evolutionary thought, Tri nan ideological idea,
democracy, the idea of human rights. On the basis of further research and
systematizing Ton Trung Son's philosophy of thought, the thesis shows the value
and significance of Ton Trung Son's philosophical thought to society today.


CHAPTER 2
FOUNDATION FOR ESTABLISHING THE PHILOSOPHY
IDEAS OF TON TRUNG SON
2.1. Background of Chinese society in the late nineteenth century early twentieth century

China, from the late nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth
century, was the period of the old democratic revolution led by the bourgeoisie
against the aggression of outside forces. West) and overthrow the rule of
feudalism in China, with the political purpose of building the authoritarian state
government of the bourgeoisie, the goal of the revolution is to develop private
capitalism. in which the Xinhai revolution in 1911 was the first old-style
democratic revolution of great significance.
2.2. Theoretical origin for the formation and development of
philosophical ideas of Ton Trung Son
2.2.1. Concepts of nation, nation, state before Ton Trung Son
In the history of Chinese thought, the concept of nation, nation, state has
existed very early. Since ancient times, China has had many political and social
ideas such as the political doctrines of Lao PDR, Mac, Khong, Dharma, etc. are
very famous, and each doctrine points out the purpose of building. an ideal
country. For example, "Lao Tzu" theory of Lao Tzu delineated the model of
"small country, small population"; Confucius' doctrine of "virtue" refers to the
society of "mini khang, dong dong"; Mac Tu's "Tiet" theory with the policy of
building an ideal nation "peaceful and peaceful people"; the French sect designed
the ideal national model as the "national army and military force"; ...
2.2.2. The conception of civil rights of the thinkers before Ton Trung
Son
From ancient times, Manh Tu had a slim idea of "the people's will" when


he said that the importance of the people's opinion was to take people's
viewpoints in terms of politics, but there must still be limits to class. By the Ming
- Yuan period, Luu Co developed the idea of "people as the root" as the supreme
principle in national rule. In the Qing dynasty, Khang Huu Vi believed that it was
one of the foundations for reaching the universal world.
2.3.3. The conception of people before Ton Trung Son

Regarding the thought of "the people", Ton Trung Son absorbed many
ideas of the thinkers before him, such as Lao Tzu with the thought of making the
people "full of belly" (really happy); Confucius with the thought of the people;
Manh Tu with the thought of "with the people"; Tuan Tu with the thought of "the
people"; French sect with the idea of nursing people; people's ideology of Hoang
Ton Di (late Ming dynasty and early Thanh dynasty).
2.3. People and careers revolutionary activities of Ton Trung Son
Ton Trung Son, whose name is Van, is called Dat Tien, comes from a
poor farmer family in Thuy Hanh village, Huong Son district (now Trung Son
city), Guangdong province. From an early age, he was involved in farming and
soon saw the hardships of the farmers. Sun Yat-sen had a great hatred for the bad
habits that existed in feudal China in his teenage days. When growing up, Ton
Trung Son had the opportunity to study abroad. During his time studying abroad,
he persisted in studying, gained a lot and systematically knowledge of natural
sciences; in particular, having the opportunity to examine the economic - political
situation of European and American countries, in contact with Western bourgeois
democracy, convinced by the slogan "freedom, equality and charity" of the West.
Wishing to reform the old Chinese society, after returning to China, he creatively
applied the knowledge he learned abroad into his revolutionary activities.
Conclusion of chapter 2
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the feudal Chinese


regime, which existed for thousands of years, began to weaken and was at risk of
disintegration, the mode of capitalist production was gradually taking shape,
leading to conflicts between productive forces and production relations, as well
as conflicts between forces and classes in society, especially the radical
bourgeoisie and conservative feudal mandarins. Not only that, China has to deal
with Western colonial aggression. The Opium War is one of the manifestations
of relations between China and Western capitalist countries.

The context of Chinese society in the late nineteenth century - early
twentieth century placed a requirement on the search for a way to liberate China,
whose nucleus was the ideological ideology for making needles. show the men
and guide the liberation of China. Sun Yat-sen was living in the Chinese context
at that time, all the developments in Chinese society at that time strongly
influenced him, urging him to find a way to liberate China. A person who has
absorbed two traditional Chinese Confucian and Western educational
backgrounds, plus the opportunity to interact with Western works, gain a sense of
democracy and freedom. , equality, etc. has formed in the thought of Ton Trung
Son the initial sketches of thought and the way to liberate China.
In the process of searching and building the ideology to save the country,
Ton Trung Son also studied ideological theories, traditional philosophies such as
Confucianism, Macao, ... and at the same time absorbed the conception of the
nation. family, people, civil rights, the people, about the universal world; about
the people-centered ideology, taking the people as the root, etc. in Chinese
tradition. At the same time, he combined Western ideas of freedom and equality
with traditional Chinese ideas to form his own philosophical ideas.


CHAPTER 3
PHILOSOPHY IDEAS OF TON TRUNG SON
3.1. The natural philosophical thought of Ton Trung Son in evolution
3.1.1. About the origin and evolution of the universe
Ton Trung Son said that evolution is a common rule of all things in the
universe. He said that the creation and development of the universe is the process
of material evolution, the history of the development of the material world. He
divided the cosmic evolution into three periods as follows: The first is the period
of material evolution; the second period is the period of species evolution; The
third period is the period of evolution of mankind.
3.1.2. The relationship between matter and spirit

Regarding the relationship between matter and spirit, Ton Trung Son
acknowledged that the material preceded, the spirit behind, the inseparable matter
to consider the spirit, the spirit has an effect on matter again.
3.2. Epistemology of Ton Trung Son through the theory of "Tri nan
hanh hanh"
3.2.1. "Prophetic prophetic action" (Do not know before)
"Prophetic prophetic action" is a basic feature in materialist epistemology
of Sun Yat-sen, also the basis for his doctrine "tri-tri tri tri". Sun Yat-sen cites a
series of historical events, practical activities of class struggle and the history of
civilized progress of mankind to justify the human cognitive process as "doing
first." know later ”. It can be said, "do first know after" is the basic content, the
logical core of the theory of "tri tri wang de tri".
Applying this perspective to the practice of revolutionary activities, Ton
Trung Son especially emphasized that only when participating directly in the
revolutionary struggle, can then understand the laws and the causes of success. or
failure of the revolution. This shows that, according to Ton Trung Son, the most


important principle is derived from practice, the attitude is really discriminatory
and creative spirit. Interestingly, Ton Trung Son was not a fan of Marxist theory,
but he concurred with Marx's "scientific method" when he thought that it must
come from social practice to study problems. topical of society.
3.2.2. "Ignorant herons" (Do not know can still do)
Ton Trung Son repeatedly said that people who want to properly perceive
the objective world must inevitably through observation and scientific
experiments; Moreover, in order to gain knowledge in terms of social history, it is
indispensable through revolutionary struggle and other socio-political activities.
Observing and experimenting science and revolutionary practices of the
bourgeoisie is the important content of the "practice" that he refers to, and this is
also the method to acquire knowledge.

Ton Trung Son also said that any principle or theory will need to go
through "action" to know whether it is right or wrong. This proves that Ton
Trung Son has initially realized that "onions" are the truth test criteria, "onions"
are the purpose of perception. His view is quite similar to that of dialectical
materialism when viewing reality as the standard for testing truth.
3.2.3. "Almighty all action" (Can know certain can do)
Ton Trung Son approached the dialectical approach to solving the
problem of the relationship between "tri" and "onions, showing that humanity's
awareness is constantly moving forward in the process of" taking onions to pray,
because tri that practice, "" from practice has no tri to have tri "," because there
was tri should practice more. "
Sun Yat-sen emphasized the important effect of "tri", asserting that, if he
were far from scientific knowledge, human civilization would not be able to
progress, thus showing that he had asserted and beaten him. appreciate the
"steering" effect of "on".


Ton Trung Son upholds the guiding effect of revolutionary reasoning on
revolutionary practices. He said that "knowledge of revolution" is the ideological
weapon of revolution, "the foundation of revolution lies in profound education",
in order for the Chinese revolution to gain victory, it is inevitable that have the
direction of the right revolutionary theory, and at the same time must be
conducted step by step and plan ..
3.2.4. "Tri-division tasks" (the division between knowing and doing)
Ton Trung Son has separated "tri" from "onions", which contradicts the
view of "taking a job to find out, and then knowing to move forward" made by
himself. He exaggerated the role of special individuals, calling them "inventors",
"prophetic prophets"; At the same time, he considered the masses people to be
"practitioners" and "unconscious". He did not realize that it was the social reality
of the masses that was the source of true knowledge. out, use forever not

exhausted. Therefore, he said that "tri" and "onions" must have a clear distinction
- "those who know everything must do by themselves, those who do not have to
know themselves" (those who know do not need to do, those who do then you
don't need to know yourself.)
3.3. The thought of political and social philosophy of Ton Trung Son
in Tam Danism
3.3.1. Democratic thought
Democracy is one of the important ideas of Ton Trung Son, a guideline
for democracy revolution in China in the modern period, contributing to the
process of modernizing China. This ideology was formed on the basis of
inheriting and promoting Confucianism "people are original" (native people) in
the history of traditional Chinese culture and democratic models in European and
American countries, at the same time combined with the specific situation of
China. This ideology has gradually been supplemented and perfected during the


process of revolutionary leadership of Ton Trung Son, so it contains many
profound contents such as: Thought about people's ownership, reasoning on
order of implementing the revolution, the constitutional five powers and the
power to rule.
3.3.2. The thought of freedom and equality
The idea of freedom and equality is part of Ton Trung Son's civil rights.
Regarding the ideology of freedom, Ton Trung Son emphasizes the freedom of
the nation over the freedom of the individual, even the freedom of the individual
must serve the freedom of the nation. Regarding the idea of equality, he did not
think that all men were created equal. On the contrary, people were born with
inequality. In order to achieve equality, according to him, people must try and
strive to achieve. One of the bright points in Ton Trung Son's thought about
equality is to promote equality between men and women or gender equality. Not
only that, he also works to realize this gender equality.

Conclusion of chapter 3
Chapter 3 is the central chapter of the thesis, this chapter deals with some
basic philosophical ideas of Ton Trung Son such as natural philosophical
thought, epistemological thought, political philosophical thought. In the
philosophy of natural philosophy, Sun Yat-sen refers to issues such as the origin
and evolution of the universe; The relationship between matter and spirit. He said
that evolution is the common law of everything in the universe; The formation
and development of the universe is the evolution of matter and the history of the
physical world. He divided the development history of nature and man into 3
periods or 3 periods: The period of evolution of matter; the evolution of the
species; the evolution of mankind. It can be said that, under the influence of the
Dyn Uyn doctrine, Ton Trung Son proposed a way to explain the history of
human development based on the principles of the doctrine of evolution. This


explanation shows that the ideas of Ton Trung Son bear the characteristics of
materialism. When discussing the relationship between matter and spirit, Ton
Trung Son said that matter comes first, spirit comes later, matter decides the
spirit, but in the opposite direction, spirit has the impact again. with respect to
matter. When associating this thought with revolutionary practice, Ton Trung
Son highly emphasizes the role of the will and spirit.
One of the unique features of Ton Trung Son's philosophical thought is
when he discusses the theory of "trivial deities." This is considered his thought of
awareness. The first content in the theory "tri nan hanh hanh hang" is "do first
know after" (the prophet after). This is considered a fundamental feature in the
materialist epistemology of Ton Trung Son, which is also the foundation for his
doctrine of "trivial deities." The second content is "Real ignorance" (Do not know
can still do); the third content is "All-powerful energy function" (Can know
certain can do); The final content is "Tri-division tasks" (the division between
knowing and doing).

In the political philosophy of Ton Trung Son, he mentioned the ideas
about democracy, the people's mastery, the power to govern, the constitutional
five rights ... In this content, he also presented ideas of freedom, equality, charity.
It can be seen that Ton Trung Son's philosophical ideology was not only
influenced by traditional Chinese chiefs, but also quite clearly influenced by
Western schools, ideologies and philosophies. .
The philosophy of Ton Trung Son has positive elements, but there are still
certain limitations due to historical conditions. But, as we have seen, Ton Trung
Son's philosophical ideas have a great influence on the formation of revolutionary
theory, revolutionary ways, his revolutionary strategies.


CHAPTER 4
VALUES AND MEANING OF PHILOSOPHY IDEAS OF TON
TRUNG SON
4.1. Value, meaning in terms of worldview and epistemology
4.1.1. Materialist worldview
Overall, Ton Trung Son's worldview is primarily materialism, expressed
through the following points:
Firstly, to Sun Yat-sen, the achievements of natural science are considered
to be the basic factors contributing to the materialist conception of his natural
world. The materialistic commentary of Sun Yat-sen on the natural world, like
the origin of the universe, on the birth and development of the world, objective
object as well as its nature, is not is an intuitive and naive speculation, which is an
explanation based on the advanced knowledge of natural science. As a result, he
made many very basic and correct interpretations of the basic issues of
philosophy, namely: Discussing the category of "material" and "spiritual", the
relationship between "Material" and "spiritual".
Secondly, Ton Trung Son said that the movement of matter itself is the
root cause leading to the continuous development and evolution of everything in

the universe. This is different from the view of Newton and others who claim that
the source of material movement comes from things that exist outside things or
external forces. Not only that, based on the foundation of modern science,
especially the "3 great innovations" (Theory of cells, The law of conservation and
energy metabolism, Theory of evolution), Ton Trung Son used the latest
achievements of natural sciences to argue about the very basic problems of the
natural world, such as the appearance of the solar system, the formation of
species and humans.
4.1.2. Dialectical thought


Firstly, Ton Trung Son's philosophical thought contains many dialectical
elements. He not only acknowledged all things, phenomena in the universe
undergo continuous evolution from low to high, from simple to complex, but also
acknowledged the physical forms in the movement process. transmut each other,
interact with each other, and he also acknowledges the infinity of matter. For Ton
Trung Son, the material world exists objectively and constantly evolves,
continuously developing; nothing is most immutable, evolution and development
are the basic principles of the universe.
Secondly, Ton Trung Son's dialectical thought was also expressed when
he discussed the relationship between matter and spirit. Sun Yat-sen had the right
thought when asserting that although matter determines the mind, spirit also has a
role to play back on matter. He acknowledged that the original nature of the
universe was matter, the spirit was only the product of a certain stage in the
process of material evolution. The evolution and development of the universe is
the evolution and development of matter itself, which is nothing else that exists
outside matter. The objective material world we live in is due to the material
evolution that originated from the "extremes". After the Earth was formed, living
matter (organic matter) appeared. After that, this material form also constantly
evolved and developed.

4.1.3. Inheriting and developing materialist cognitive theory in Chinese
philosophy
Sun Yat-sen inherited many dialectical ideas of ancient Chinese
philosophers, such as Wang Fu-chi's "pre-tri-post" thought, and at the same time
applied the natural scientific knowledge, enriching the interior. using
epistemology on the issue of "knowledge", overcoming the narrow interpretation
of ancient Chinese philosophy on the issue of "tri" and "practice", overcoming
the biased view in traditional notions: "Tri before operating after", "tri easy to


practice difficult", "tri practice combined".
Ton Trung Son was initially aware of the practical problem as the truth
testing standard, "onions" is the purpose of awareness. It can be said that the
theory of "tri nan lam tri" of Trung Trung Son basically contained materialism. It
has a positive influence and has a certain contribution to the history of Chinese
philosophical thought.
4.2. The value and meaning of Ton Trung Son's philosophical thought
on the practices of Chinese revolution in the Near Period
4.2.1. The value and significance of Ton Trung Son's philosophical
thought to the practice of the old-style democracy revolution in China
Political and social ideas of Ton Trung Son have great value in
successfully guiding revolutionary practices. In particular, the old three people
and the new three people are the core ideology. The old triple nationalism
successfully directed the Tan Hoi revolution to abolish the Qing dynasty and
feudal empire. Triadism directed the Northern Penalties and the National
Revolution against the reactionary forces, accelerated the process of revolution,
and awakened the Chinese people.
4.2.2. The value and significance of Ton Trung Son's philosophical
thought to the practice of the new type of democratic revolution in China
The philosophy of Sun Yat-sen not only has implications for China's

revolutionary career in the modern period, but also for China's social construction
in the current period. Ethnic independence and equality also have a positive
influence on the process of building a harmonious society. Because of his cause
of national independence, national equality and national liberation, Ton Trung
Son has constantly launched revolutionary struggle movements against
imperialism and feudalism. Later, the Chinese Communist Party inherited Sun
Yat-sen's ideology, persisted in fighting against imperialism and feudalism,


eventually helping the Chinese people to be liberated. It can be said that Ton
Trung Son has strived his whole life because of his career against the dictatorship
and the expectation of turning China into a bourgeois republic of the Democratic
Republic of China "the people, the people and the people ”, Popular civil rights
practice.
4.3. Some limitations of the philosophy of Sun Yat-sen
4.3.1. Epistemological limitations
Firstly, Ton Trung Son's theory of "tri nan lam tri" shows a relatively clear
characteristic that is too important to "tri". Although he acknowledges that
"onions" are indispensable for the advancement of human civilization and for
acquiring knowledge, they think that "onions" are easy and therefore
underestimate the important role. The top priority of "onions" in the cognitive
process.
Secondly, Sun Yat-sen has completely absolved the proposition of "trizang kan trien", denying the difficult and easily exchangeable problem. For him,
in any case, "tri" is very difficult, "on" are very easy. This type of review is not at
all conducive to clarifying the dialectical unity between "tri" and "action", but can
only increase the distance between "tri" and "action".
Thirdly, Ton Trung Son has exaggerated the power of scientific
knowledge, saying that it is only necessary to rely on scientific knowledge to
succeed. The "Tri" here are declared as absolute truths, so it is not a problem to
use "onion", which is practical to test truth and develop truth.

4.3.2. Practical limitations
Firstly, Ton Trung Son's philosophical ideas are limited by historical
conditions.
Because China at the end of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth
century was encroaching deep in semi-colonial and semi-colonial society, the


country and the Chinese people were both subjected to aggression by imperialism
and oppression. of feudalism, at the same time feudalism colluded with
imperialism, caused the philosophical ideas of Ton Trung Son, namely here the
democratic thought, the thought of freedom and equality could not be fully
realized in China at that time.
Second, Ton Trung Son's philosophical ideology is still limited by class
nature.
Because Sun Yat-sen always stood in the position of the bourgeoisie, in
order to bring more and more benefits to the bourgeoisie, so his ideas were more
or less restricted by the nature of the class. In the process of revolutionary
activities, it can be said that this is the main reason that his thought did not
receive the support of the masses of the people, and at the same time made the
revolution go to failure.
4.4. The meaning of Ton Trung Son's philosophical thought to
Vietnam
4.4.1. The significance of the philosophy of Ton Trung Son to the
predecessors in Vietnam in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
Ton Trung Son, teacher of the democratic national revolution in China, a
great man of human history, has been revered by Vietnamese revolutionaries and
Vietnamese people since the early twentieth century. His revolutionary doctrine
has been increasingly popularized in Vietnam, having a profound influence on
Vietnam's revolutionary ideological movements especially in the late nineteenth
and early twentieth centuries. In the process of forming revolutionary ideology

and Triple Peopleism, he went to Vietnam 5 times to study the life of Vietnamese
people under the rule of the French colonialists and contact with the Chinese
community. During his time in Vietnam, he met with some patriotic Vietnamese
artists, such as Phan Boi Chau, Phan Chu Trinh, Ho Chi Minh, ... It can be seen