Bài giảng Khám phá máy tính - Chương 8: Operating Systems and Utility Programs

Chapter 8
Operating
Systems and
Utility Programs


Chapter 8 Objectives
Nhận dạng: Loại Phần mềm Hệ thống
Tóm tắt: công cụ của OS độc lập
Tóm tắt: Tiến trình Khởi động trên PC

Nhận dạng: OS mạng
Mô tả: Chức năng của Hệ điều hành (Operating
system)
Nhận dạng: thiết bị dùng cho các OS nhúng
Thảo luận: Cách Hệ điều hành giúp Quản trị viên
kiểm soát mạng và Bảo mật
Giải thích: mục đích của các chương trình tiện ích
độc lập
Giải thích: Mục đích của các tiện ích trong các OS

Next


System Software
What is system software?
Chương trình
duy trì hoạt động
của máy tính

Hai loại:

operating systems
and utility programs

Operating system (OS)
(còn gọi cộng tác nền
tất cả các hoạt động giữa
các tài nguyên phần cứng
của máy tính

p. 398

Next


Operating Systems
Chức năng của operating system?
start the computer

provide a user interface

manage programs

administer
security
manage
memory
control a
network

provide file

management and
other utilities

p. 398 - 399 Fig. 8-1

monitor
performance

establish an
Internet connection

schedule jobs and
configure devices

Next


Operating Systems
Ứng dụng lẫn nền (cross-platform)?


Chạy như nhau trên nhiều OS


Operating system that computer uses is sometimes
called the platform
Application

Operating System/
Platform A

p. 399

Operating System/
Platform B

Operating System/
Platform C

Operating System/
Platform D

Next


Operating System Functions
Quá trình khởi động (booting)?


Process of starting or restarting a computer




p. 400 Fig. 8-2

Cold boot
Turning on
computer that has
been powered off

Warm boot
Restarting
computer that is
powered on

Next


Operating System Functions
How does a personal computer boot up?
Step 1. Power supply

Step 4. Results of POST are

sends signal to components in system unit

compared with data in CMOS chip

Step 2. Processor

in floppy disk drive or CD/DVD
drive, and then hard disk

accesses BIOS to start
computer
Step 3. BIOS runs tests,

called the POST, to
check components such
as mouse, keyboard,

and adapter cards

Step 5. BIOS looks for system files

Step 6. Kernel (core) of operating

system loads into RAM
Step 7. Operating system loads

configuration information and
displays desktop on screen

Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 8, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
BIOS below Chapter 8
p. 400 - 401 Fig. 8-3

Next


Operating System Functions
Đĩa khôi phục (recovery disk)?


Contains system files that will start computer when
computer cannot boot


Also called boot disk

Step 1. Click Start button on taskbar,

Step 2. Click Backup on Systems Tools

Step 3. Click Automated

point to All Programs on Start menu,
point to Accessories on All Programs
submenu, point to Systems Tools on
Accessories submenu, and then point
to Backup.

submenu to open the Backup Utility
window. (If Backup or Restore Wizard
displays, click Advanced Mode link.) Point
to Automated System Recovery Wizard
button.

System Recovery Wizard
button to create recovery disk.
Follow the on-screen
instructions and insert a
diskette when prompted.

p. 402

Next

Operating System Functions
What is a user interface?


Controls how you enter data and instructions and how
information displays on screen

command-line interface

p. 402 Fig. 8-4

menu-driven interface

Next


Operating System Functions
What is a graphical user
interface (GUI)?


User interacts with
menus and visual
images such as icons
and buttons

p. 402 Fig. 8-4

Next

Operating System Functions
What is single user/
multitasking?


Working on two or
more programs that
reside in memory at
same time



p. 403 - 404 Fig. 8-5

Foreground contains
program you are using
Background contains
programs that are
running but are not
in use

Next


Operating System Functions
What are other program management features of
operating systems?
multiprocessing

Can support two
or more processors
running programs
at same time

multiuser

fault-tolerant computer

p. 405

Continues to
operate when one
of its components
fails

Enables two or
more users to
run programs
simultaneously

Has duplicate
components such as
processors, memory,
and disk drives

Next


Operating System Functions

What is memory management?



Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)
With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is
allocated to function as RAM

Step 1. The

operating system
transfers the least
recently used data
and program
instructions to disk
because memory is
needed for other
functions.

p. 405 - 406 Fig. 8-7

Step 2. The

operating system
transfers data and
program instructions
from disk to
memory when they
are needed.

Next


Operating System Functions
How does an operating system schedule jobs?

Adjusts schedule
based on
job’s priority

A job is operation
the processor manages

p. 406 - 407

Receiving data
from input device

Sending
information
to output device

Processing
instructions

Transferring items
between storage
and memory

Next

Operating System Functions
What is spooling?



Sending print jobs to buffer instead of
directly to printer
Print jobs line up in queue

p. 407 Fig. 8-8

Next


Operating System Functions
What is a device driver?

Program that
tells operating system
how to communicate
with device

Also called driver

Device
Driver

With Plug and Play,

operating system
automatically configures
new devices as you
install them

Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 8, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Plug and Play below Chapter 8
p. 407

Next


Operating System Functions
How do you install a device driver?

Step 1. Open Control

Step 2. Click Printers and

Panel window. Point to
Printers and Other
Hardware link.

Other Hardware link. Point
to Add a printer link.

Step 3. Click Add a

Step 4. Add Printer

printer link. Follow
on-screen instructions.

Wizard searches for
Plug and Play printers
on your computer. If it
finds any such printers,
it installs them.

Step 5. If Add Printer Wizard cannot find any Plug and

Play printers, you can select type of printer you want to
install. An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppy
disk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessary
driver files to complete the installation of printer.

p. 408 Fig. 8-9

Next


Operating System Functions
How do you establish an Internet connection?


Windows XP includes New
Connection Wizard



p. 409 Fig. 8-10

Guides user through setting
up connection between
computer and Internet

Next


Operating System Functions
How does an operating system monitor performance?


Provides program, called performance monitor,
that assesses and reports information about
system resources
and devices

p. 409 Fig. 8-11

Next


Operating System Functions
What is a network operating system?



Allows users to share printer, Internet
access, files, and programs on a network
Administers security
by establishing user
name and password for
each user

p. 410 Fig. 8-12

Next


Operating System Utility Programs
What is a utility program?


System software that performs
maintenance-type tasks


p. 411 Fig. 8-13

Also called
utility

Next


Operating System Utility Programs
What is a file manager?




Performs functions such as copying, renaming,
deleting, and moving files
Image viewer
displays contents
of graphics file
when you double
click on it

p. 412 Figs. 8-14–8-15

Next


Operating System Utility Programs
What is a personal firewall?



Detects and protects a personal computer from
unauthorized intrusions
The latest update
to Windows XP
automatically
enables the builtin personal
firewall upon
installation

Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 8, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Personal Firewalls below
Chapter 8
p. 413 Figs. 8-16

Next


Operating System Utility Programs
What is an uninstaller?

Removes a
program and
all associated files

p. 413

In Windows XP,
uninstaller is in Add/Remove
Programs in Control Panel

Next


Operating System Utility Programs
What is a disk scanner?




Detects and corrects problems on
hard disk or floppy disk
Searches for and removes
unnecessary files

p. 414 Fig. 8-17

Next