BONOIVU
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A
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CHUYENDEV
PHAN MEM MA NGUON MO
TAP
TAl LIEU
GIANG DAY
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DAND CRO LOP B()I DUONG
KIEN THUC vA
KY NANG CONG NGH:E: THONG TIN
CHO~BO, CONG CHUC XA KHU VVC MIEN NiH, TRUNG DU
~
Q
~.:~~~~ \.
vA VUNG DAN TQC
(B~ ".... . ~.."?Jt) Quyetiljnh s6: tKUQD-BNV ngiiy 50 tbling ~ nam
~
ciia Bi) tTuong Bi) Ni)i V{l)
Hit Noi
- 2012
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2012
BM 1: TONG QUAN vE pHAN MEM MA NGUON MO
San khi hoan thanh nqi dung nay, ngvoo sv d\lng nim dU'f}'e:
• PhAn rnem rna ngu6n mC! la gi.
• T~i sao nen dimg phAn mem rna ngu6n mC!.
• Chinh sach cua nha nuuc ve phAn mem rna ngu6n mC!.
• Dinh huang cua nha nuuc ve phAn mem rna ngu6n mC!.
• Gim thi~u bQ rna cai phAn mem rna ngu6n rna.
1. Phin m~m ma ngu8n mltla gi.
PhAn rnern rna ngu6n rna (PMNM) la phAn rnern may tinh vm rna ngu6n duqc
cong b6 va su d\lng rnQt gidy phep ngu6n rna.
T6 chuc Sang ki~n Ngu6n rna (OSI - Open Source Initiative) hi t6 chuc phi lqi
nhu~ qu6c t~ da dua ra djnh nghia PMNM va hi noi phe chufut cac gidy phep ngu6n
rna. OSI djnh nghia rdng PMNM la phAn rnern thoa man cac tieu chi co ban nhu sau:
- Quyen ch~y chuang trinh;
- Quyen xern rna ngu6n, thay d6i no de phil hqp vm rn\lc dich cua rninh;
- Quyen tai phan ph6i l~i chuang trinh, rna ngu6n;
-..
.....
- Quyen tai phan ph6i l~i chuang trinh vm nhiing thay d6i cua rninh (sau khi da
sua d6i);
- Khong phan bi~t quyen do vm t6 chuc hay ~a nhan;
- Trung l~p vui cac san phfun ngu6n rna;
- Trung l~p d6i vm ph~ vi, nganh nghe irng d\Jng ngu6n rna;
- Trung l~p vm san phdrn ngu6n rna;
- Trung l~p vm cong ngh~.
PMNM co the co phi ho~c rni~n phi (phAn rnern rni~n phi hi phAn rnern vm chi
phi bdng khong). Vi d\l: Ban phan ph6i Debian (dga tren nhan Linux) cling nhu bQ
phAn rnern van phong OpenOffice.org (hay LibreOffice.org) hi cac PMNM va rni~n
1
phi. Ban phan ph6i Linux Redhat la rnQt PMNM co phi.
PMNM co th€ duQ'c phat tri€n bOi ca nhan, t6 chfrc, cong ty hay chinh phu. D~n
nay, PMNM da thu hut duQ'c sg chu
y cua cQng d6ng,
doanh nghi~p cling nhu kh6i
chinh phu trong va ngoai nu6'c. Trang web sourceforge.net la nm k~t n6i hon 2 tri~u
thanh vien vm hon 300 ngan dg an khac nhau. S6 lugng san phArn PMNM ngay cang
phong phu, chAt lugng ngay cang duQ'c nang cao va co kha nang c~nh tranh duQ'c v6'i
cac phcln rn€rn ban quy€n (hay phc1n rn€rn thuong rn~i).
Tuong W PMNM, gc1n day cling xuAt hi~n cac phong trao phcln Clrng rna, nQi
-..
dung rna (tranh anh, nh~c, phirn...), du li~u rna (ban d6 (open street map), bach khoa
toan thu (wikipedia))... thu hut cQng d6ng toan th~ gim tharn gia.
--..
2. T~i sao nen dung phin m~m ma ngu6n ma.
Phcln rn€rn rna ngu6n rna dern l~i cac lqi fch nhu sau:
ThO' nhit: PMNM co tinh wong mc cao (d~ dang tich hQ'P·cac h~ th6ng, phcln
rn€rn vm nhau thong qua "c6ng giao ti~p" la cac chuAn rna); d~ dang ban dja hoa (d~
.....
dang djch giao di~n sang ti~ng ban dja); co dQ my bi~n va tinh linh ho~t cao (co th€
......
dUng h~ th6ng, san phk PMNM do cho cac rno hinh, t6 chfrc rna chi ccln my bi~n
theo cac d~c thu rieng bi~t cua nguOi sir d\lIlg).
ThO' hai: Giarn t6ng chi phi sa hftu (Total Cost of Ownership), C\l th€ la:
- GiAm thi€u chi phi ban quy€n phc1n rn€rn;
- Giarn thi€u chi phi trong su6t vong dOi san phArn (chi phi khi c~p nh~t cac
phien ban);
- Giarn chi phi phat tri€n phcln rn€rn dap lrng theo yeu cc1u nghi~p V\l: Sir d\lIlg
phcln rn€rn, cac rno dun co sdn d€ phat tri€n ti~p, sira d6i di€u chinh cho phu hQ'P vm
nghi~p V\l C\l th€;
- Lo~i b6 ho~c c~t giarn chi phi h3 trQ' h~u rnai. Trong rno hinh phat tri€n PMNM
theo hu6'ng sir d\lIlg cQng d6ng, nguOi sir d\lIlg PMNM h3 trQ' ldn nhau, khong nhAt
-,
thi~t phai tra phi.
Chi phi ban dc1u cua PMNM wong d6i thAp vi da s6 PMNM la rni~n phi. N~u 19a
chQn dUng PMNM co chAt lugng t6t, vi~c thay th~ rnQt phcln rn€rn ban quy€n khac
cling nhu khi tri€n khai rnm la kha thi va ti~t ki~rn. Ngoai chi phi rnua phcln rn€rn, khi
chuy€n d6i tic rnQt phcln rn€rn ban quy€n rna nguai dung da quen sir d\lng sang rnQt
PMNM se phat sinh chi phi dao t~o l~i nguOi dUng. Di€u nay cang co
chUng ta tri€n khai phcln rn€rn tren nhi€u may tinh khac nhau
2
adi~n rQng.
y nghia khi
-.
Th.r ba: TiOO an toan va bao rn~t cao.
Cac nghien cUu da cho th~y rfutg, do tiOO rniOO b~ch (se dUQ"c trinh bay duO;
day), PMNM thu hut dUQ"c S\l tharn gia dong dao cua ngmJi dUng, nguOi ki~rn thir,
nguOi phat tri~n. Do do, 16i (va dijc bi~t 16i lien quan tai bao rn~t) cua phfut rn€rn dUQ"c
giri to; nguOi phat tri~n sam han.
thanh vien chiOO cua d\l
an
0
day, ngmJi phat tri~n khong chi bao g6rn OOUng
PMNM rna con bao g6rn OOUng nguai phat tri~n co sir
d\lng PMNM do. Vi OOUng nguOi dUng va nguOi phat tri~n do chia se IQ"i ich vo; OOau,
nen 16i phfut rn€rn thuang dUQ"c sira sam han so vo; cac phfut rn€rn ngu6n dong.
Tinh rniOO b~ch cua PMNM co lien quan rn~t thi~t to; tinh an ninh, bao rn~t cua
phfut rn€rn. Khac vai phAn rn€rn ngu6n dong, PMNM dam bao b~t IcY ai cling co th~
"OOin" dUQ"c rna ngu6n cho dil chung ta co th~ khong hi~u hoan toan no, di€u nay co y
nghla Ian d6i vo; nguai phat tri~n khi hQ sira 16i va them tiOO nang rno; cho phfut rn€rn
hQ sir d\lllg; d6ng thOi dijc bi~t co y nghla vo; cac phfut rn€rn dUng trong an ninh, qu6c
phong cling OOu kh6i cong noi chung, vi n~u khong co rna ngu6n, khong co S\l ph\l
thuQc thi nguOi sir d\lllg bi
I~
thuQc vao rnQt cong ty hay rnQt OOorn 000.
Th.r til': Giarn tinh tr~g vi ph~ ban quy€n phfut rn€rn.
- V~ d€ v€ ban quy€n la rnQt v~ d€ dang dUQ"c Chinh phu va xa hQi quan tam
trong thOi IcY hQi OO~p hoa, dijc bi~t la khi Vi~t Nam da gia OO~p T6 chuc Thuangrn~i
Th~ gio; (WTO). Do v~y vi~c sir d\lllg PMNM la rnQt giai phap d~ ti~t ki~rn v€ chi phi
cling OOu tuan thu cac quy djnh v€ ban quy€n phfut rn€rn t~i Vi~t Narn.
3. Chinh sach cfta Nhi nlfCYC v~ phin mim ma ngu6n mO".
DAy rn~OO lIng d\lllg va phat tri~n PMNM la rnQt chu truang dUng dfut da dUQ"c
khfutg djnh trong OOi€u van ban, chti truang, chinh sach cua Dang, Nha nuac va cac
BQ, ban, nganh, C\l th~ OOu sau:
- Quy~t djnh s6 235/2004/QD-TIg ngay 02/3/2004 ctia Thti tuang ChiOO phti v€
phe duy~t D\l an t6ng th~ "Ung d\lng va phat tri~n'PMNM aVi~t Narn giai do~ 2004
2008".
- Quy~t djnh s6 169/2006/Qf)-TIg ngay 17/07/2006 va Quy~t djnh s6
223/2006/QD-TTg ngay 04/10/2006 ctia Thti tuang ChiOO phti v€ vi~c dAu tu rnua s~rn
cac san phdm cong ngh~ thong tin cua cac co quan, t6 chuc sir d\lllg ngu6n v6n ngan
sach OOa nuac, trong do quy diOO phai
Uti
tien dAu tu, rnua sb sir d\lllg cac san phdm
phfut rn€rn t\l do ngu6n rna.
- Quy~t djnh s6 50/2009/QD-TIg ngay 03/4/2009 ctia Thti tuang ChiOO phti ban
hanh "Quy ch~ quan Iy Chuang trinh phat tri~n cong nghi~p phfut rn€rn va Chuang
3
trinh phat tri~n cong nghi~p ne)i dung s6 Vi~t Nam", trong do quy dinh: Ngan sach
Trung uang h6 trQ' 63 tinh, thanh ph6 tren toan qu6c, rn6i dia phuang 0,3 tY d6ng rn6i
narn trong giai do~ 4 narn ill 2009 d~n 2012; h6 trQ' Be) Thong tin va Truyen thong 13
tY d6ng cho nhi~rn Y\l thuc dAy phat tri~n PMNM, C\l th~ cho cac nhi~rn Y\l sau: hoan
chinh, ban dia hoa, Vi~t hoa rne)t s6 san phArn phfut rnern rna ngu6n rna; h6 trQ' chuy~n
d6i sir d\lllg ill phfut rnern ngu6n dong sang phAn rnern rna ngu6n rna; h6 trQ' dao ~o;
bien so~, phat hanh cac tai li~u; t6 chilc he)i thao, he)i nghi nang cao nh~ thilc ve
phfut rnern rna ngu6n rna; h6 trQ' danh gia phAn rnern rna ngu6n rna dap irng duQ'c yeu
cAu d~ khuy~n cao sir d\lng.
- Chi thi s6 07/2008/CT-BTTTI ngay 30/12/2008 cua Be) Thong tin va Truyen
thong ve dAy rn~ irng d\lng PMNM trong ho~t de)ng cua co quan nha nuac.
- Thong tu s6 41/2009/TT-BTITT (thay th~ Quy~t dinh 08/2007/QD-BTITT
ngay 24/12/2007) ngay 30/12/2009 cua Be) Thong tin va Truyen thong ban hanh danh
rn\lC PMNM dap irng yeu cAu sir d\lllg trong co quan nha nuac, trong do co 13 san
phArn PMNM (ca tren may tr~ va may chu) duQ'c khuy~n nghi sir d\lllg.
- Thong tu lien tich s6 142/201O/TTLT-BTC-BTITI ngay 22/9/2010 cua Be) Tai
chinh, Be) Thong tin va Truyen thong ve huang dan vi~c quan ly sir d\lllg kinh phi chi
phat tri~n cong nghi~p CNTT, trong do quy dinh rne)t s6 ne)i dung chi va djnh rnilc chi
cho cong vi~c chuy~n d6i sir d\lllg PMNM va dao ~o.
- Thong tu s6 19/2011/TI-BTITT ngay 0117/2011 cua Be) Thong tin va Truyen
thong ve quy dpm ap d\lllg tieu chuAn djnh d~ng tfli li~u rna trong co quan nha nuac.
Trong tho; gian qua rne)t s6 Be), nganh da tich C\lC tri~n khai cac cong vi~c lien
quan d~n PMNM:
By Khoa hQC va Cong ngh~: Ph6i hQ'P vai Dai truyen hinh Vi~t Narn t6 chilc
tuyen truyen PMNM, t6 chilc cac he)i thao ve PMNM; h6 trQ' tri~n khai, phat tri~n,
cung cAp giai phap va hinh thanh kho thong tin ve PMNM; xay d\lfig phong tm, nghi~rn
PMNM (OpenLab) ~i TP H6 Chi Minh - day la nm nghien ciru thir nghi~rn, danh gia
cac san phArn PMNM, tu vfut leY thu~t va t6 chilc thumtg xuyen cac khoa dao t~o nang
cao ve PMNM cho cac chuyen gia CNTT Clla cac dan vi quan ly va doanh nghi~p. Be)
Khoa hQc va Cong ngh~ cling da ph6i hQ'P vai CICC Nh~t Ban, UNDP t6 chilc cac
khoa dao t~o giao vien, chuyen gia trlnh de) cao h6 trQ' cho Be), nganh va dja phuang,
cac doanh nghi~p va ce)ng d6ng trong vi~c chuAn bi ngu6n nhan l\lc cho tri~n khai cac
ho~t de)ng ve PMNM. Ngoai ra, Be) cling da dua ne)i dung thi PMNM vao cue)c thi
Olympic tin hQc toan qu6c nam 2005, narn 2006 va narn 2007.
B9 Giao dyc va Bao t~lO: (fng d\lllg va dao t~o PMNM trong cac truOng d~i hQc,
cao dfulg va trung hQc chuyen nghi~p: Be) da yeu cAu cac Sa Giao d\lC va Dao t~o, cac
4
tnrOng
d~i
hQc sir d\IDg cac ghli phap va (mg d\IDg PMNM trong cong tac
Narn 2008 - 2009 la nam toan nganh giao d\lc va dao
t~o
d~y
va hQc.
(mg d\IDg CNTT, trong do
vi~c dua PMNM vao ph\lc Y\l giang d~y, hQc t~p va quan 19 dUQ"c uu tien va ddy rn~nh,
nh~t la cac (mg d\lng hi~n dang r~t ph6 c~p hi~n nay nhu OpenOffice, Firefox, h~ di€u
hanh Ubuntu hay Fedora...
BQ Giao d\lC va Dao t~o cling da th€ hi~n quy~t tam ddy rn~ cong tac dao t~o
PMNM thong qua vi~c ban hanh Thong tu s6 08/20IOffT-BGDDT ngay 01/3/2010 v€
quy dinh sir d\IDg phan rn€rn t¥ do ngu6n rna trong cac co
sa giao d\lc. Van ban nay
th€ hi~n ro quy~t tam cua nganh giao d\lc trong vi~c dua PMNM vao dao t~o va (mg
d\IDg, C\l th€ la h~ di€u hanh ngu6n rna tren n€n Linux, bQ phdn rn€rn van phong
ngu6n rna OpenOffice va rnQt s6 phdn rn€rn rna ngu6n rna thong d\lng khac.
B{) Quac pbong: Ti~n hanh nghien c(ru phat tri€n rnQt s6 (mg d\lng tren n€n
ngu6n rna dUng trong quan dQi nhu: h~ di€u hanh PMNM chuyen dung cho may tinh;
bQ phdn rn€rn cong C\l n€n d€ tri€n khai cac h~ thong tin chi huy, tham rnuu trong quan
dQi; xay d\rtlg giao thuc rieng va ghli quy~t bai toan ki€m soat, bao rn~t, an toan h~
th6ng va rn~g may tinh tren n€n Linux bang Icy thu~t m~t rna Vi~t Nam.
4. Dinb bU'c1ng clla nba nU'crc vi pbin rn@rn rna ngu6n rna trong tbM gian too.
Trong giai do~n 20 I0 - 2020, Chinh phu da dua ra cac dinh hu6ng v€ phdn rn€rn
rna ngu6n rna nhu sau:
- Quy~t dinh cua Thu tu6ng Chinh phu s6 1755/QD-TTg ngay 22/09/2010 v€
vi~c phe duy~t D€ an "Dua Vi~t Nam sam tra thanh nuO'c rn~ v€ cong ngh~ thong tin
va truy€n thong" trong do "Cac doanh nghi~p phdn rn€rn, nQi dung s6 va dich Y\l cong
ngh~ thong tin Vi~t Nam lam chu thi truOng trong nuO'c va tham gia xu~t khdu. Nhi€u
san phk, giai phap ph\lc Y\l (mg d\lng cong ngh~ thong tin cua Nha nuO'c va doanh
nghi~p do Vi~t Narn nghien c(ru, phat tri€n ho~c ban dia hoa ill cac phdn m€rn t¥ do
rna ngu6n rna".
- Quy~t dinh cua Thu tuang Chinh phu s6 1073/QD-TTg ngay 12/07/2010 v€
vi~c "Phe duy~t K~ ho~ch t6ng th€ phat tri€n thuang rn~i di~n tic giai do~ 2011
2015", trong do ban hanh cac chinh sach, bi~n phap khuy~n khich dau tu phat tri€n va
chuy€n giao cong ngh~ h6 trQ" thuang rn~i di~n tic bao g6rn "Chinh sach khuy~n khich
doanh nghi~p sir d\IDg phdn rn€rn rna ngu6n rna khi tri€n khai cac (mg d\lng thuang
rn~i di~n tic".
5
5. GiOi thi~u bQ dia cii phin
mim ma nguan mir.
Theo hu6ng dfut ciIa BQ Thong tin va Truy€n thong sf, 07/2008/CT-BTITT, BQ
dia cai phfrn rn€rn rna ngu6n rna co biin rnai nhAt dung cho can bQ, cong chilc xa bao
g6rn cac dia sau:
Ubuntu phien biin 10.04 LTS. Bra CD cai d~t Ubuntu duQ'c tiii
tIVc ti~p ill trang chiI ciIa Ubuntu.
- Bra cai d~t OpenOffice.Org 3.3, Unikey 4.0, Mozilla Firefox 9.0, va MoziDa
Thunderbird 9.0.
- Bra CD cai
6
d~t
BAI 2: GI61 THI¥U MQT s6 PIIAN MEM MA NGUON MO CO BAN
BE MVC 1: GiOi tbi~u v~ Linux va H~ di~u banb Ubuntu.
Sau khi boan tbanb nqi dungnay, ngU'Oi Stl dyng nim dU'Q'c:
• Linux la gi?
• H~ di~u hanh Ubuntu la gi?
• cAu truc h~ th6ng Ubuntu.
• Qminly Ubuntu.
• Thi~t I~p va my bi~n Ubuntu.
• Cae (eng d~g tich hQP sdn trong Ubuntu.
1. GiOi tbi~u v~ Linux.
Linux la ten gQi cua rne)t h~ di~u hanh may tiOO va cling la ten OOan cua h~ di~u
hanh. Do co Ie la rne)t vi d\l nbi ti~ng ooAt cua phdn rn~rn tv' do va cua vi~c phat tri~n
,
rna nguon rna.
Phien ban Linux ddu tien do Linus Torvalds vi~t vao nam 1991, hIc ong con la
rne)t sinh vien cua D\li hQc Helsinki l\li Phdn Lan. Ong lam vi~c trong vong 3 nam lien
l\lc va cho ra dOi phien ban Linux 1.0 vao nam 1994. Be) ph~ chu y~u nay dUQ"c phat
tri~n va dua ra tren thi lru
bAt cu ai cling co the tcU va xern rna ngu~n cua Linux.
Linux co rAt OOi~u IQ"i th~ d~c bi~t trong b6i caOO Vi~t Narn vi OOiing Iy do sau:
Voi xu huang toan cdu hoa OOu hi~n nay thi' vAn d~ ban quy~n la rne)t vAn d~ nbi
ce)rn. Phdn rn~rn rna ngu~n rna dUQ"c xern la rne)t giai phap hiiu hi~u ooAt cho bai toan
ban quy~n a nuac ta hi~n nay. Phdn rn~rn rna ngu~n rna rne)t rn~t co chi phi re han so
voi cac phdn rn~rn truy~n th6ng, rn~t khac rAt d~ nang cAp, cai ti~n (do cung cAp rna
ngu~n kern theo). ChiOO vi th~, phat tri~n phdn rn~rn rna ngu~n rna chung ta co th~ t~
d~g dUQ"c OOiing cong ngh~ tien ti~n co sdn tren th~ giai, cai ti~n cho phil hQP voi
ngum Vi~t Narn, ti~t ki~rn dUQ"c rAt OOi~u cong suc so voi vi~c phat trien ill ddu. D~c
bi~t, Linux la rne)t h~ di~u hanh co sfuI ngon ngfr ti~ng Vi~t, rAt phil hQP cho vi~c phb
c~p
tin hQc la rne)t rn\lC tieu quan trQng hi~n nay.
7
H~ di~u hfmh Linux co dQ an toan cao thong qua co ch€ phan quy~n h€t suc ro
rang va
ch~t
che. Ngoai ra, tiOO "rna" cling t~o nen S\I an toan cao khi su d\lllg Linux
vi n€u rnQt 16 h6ng bflO rn~t bat ki dugc phat hi~n tren Linux thi no se dugc ca cQng
d6ng rna ngu6n rna cling sua va thu
Cac ban phan ph6i chli y€u clia Linux co th~ k~ d€n OOu sau: Ubuntu, Debian,
RedHat, Fedora, OpenSUSE, Mint, CentOS, Gentoo, Open Solaris ...
2. H~ di@u binb Ubuntu.
2.1. T6ng quan.
Ubuntu la ten clia ban phan ph6i, d~i th~ b~t ngu6n ill quan ni~rn "Ubuntu" clia
Nam Phi - "con ngum huang d€n con nguai". Ban phan ph6i Ubuntu rnang tiOO thdn
clia quan ni~rn do vao th€ giai phdn rn~rn.
Ubuntu la rnQt h~ di~u hanh rna ngu6n rna dugc phat tri~n bffi cQng d6ng chung
d\Ia tren n~n tang Debian GNUlLinux, no dugc tai trg bffi Canonical Ltd (chli sa
hitu la Mark Shuttleworth), rat phli hgp cho may tinh d~ ban, may tinh xach tay va
may chli. Ubuntu co ddy dli cac chuang triOO cdn thi€t, ill phdn rn~rn so~n thao van
ban va gui oo~ thu, d€n cac phdn rn~rn may chli web va cac cong c\ll~p trinh.
Ubuntu hoan toan rni~n phi va dugc c~p OO~t phien ban rnm 6 thang rnQt Idn,
ben c~ vi~c c~p OO~t cac ban va thu
ooat clia cQng d6ng rna ngu6n rna se dugc c~p OO~t tm ngum dUng.
Ubuntu huang d€n ngum dUng ph6 thong nen dugc ban dia hoa vai S\I giup dO'
clia cQng d6ng ngum dUng rna rna cac lo~i ngon ngfr tren th€ gim (trong d6 co ti€ng
Vi~t). Ngum dung co th~ my chiOO ngon ngfr su d\lng trong giao di~n hi~n thi bat ki
luc nao.
Giao di~n cai d~t cho phep ngum dUng th\IC hi~n cac thao tac cai d~t rtlQt cach
OOaOO chong va d~ dang. Qua trinh cai d~t tieu chufut thu
2.2. Cii dtt Ubuntu.
D~ dam bao Ubuntu ho~t dQng 6n dinh, cau hinh may tinh t6i thi~u d~ cai d~t h~
di~u hanh Ubuntu OOu sau:
- T6c dQ vi xu ly: 1 GHz CPU.
- Dung lugng bQ OOa RAM: 1 GB RAM.
- Dung lugng 6 cirng con tr6ng: 15 GB.
- May tinh co 6 CD/DVD ho~c co c6ng USB.
Co 2 cach cai d~t Ubuntu OOu sau:
8
- Cach cii d,t sit d\lng Wubi: Wubi la rnQt trinh cai d~t Ubuntu duQ'c h6 trQ'
chinh thirc cho ngum dung Windows, cho phep cai ho~c gO' bo Ubuntu nhu bAt ki (rng
d\lIlg Windows nao khac, vui rnQt cach dan gUm va an toano
Cach cai d~t nay co uu di~rn la vui cach cai d~t nay, co th~ dung thir Ubuntu va
co th~ gO' di d~ dang n~u khong thich rna khong anh huang tUi Windows dang sir
d\lIlg. Han nua cach nay Ubuntu duQ'c cai d~t ill 6 c(rng nen co th~ nhanh han so vUi
cai
d~t
ill rna CD.
Tuy nhien cach cai d~t nay co nhuQ'c di~rn la Ubuntu cai d~t bfutg Wubi co th~
ch~rn
han so vUi cai
d~t
tren phan vilng rieng
bi~t.
Cach nay chi thich hQ'P vui
vi~c
dUng thir Ubuntu. N~u co nhu cAu sir d\mg th~t S\1 thi khuy~n khich ngum dUng cai
d~t Ubuntu tren phan vilng rieng bi~t. Han nua, d6i vUi nguui dUng Vi~t Narn thi cach
cai nay rn~c dinh khong co giao di~n ti~ng Vi~t. D~ co duQ'c giao di~n ti~ng Vi~t sau
khi cai phai ti~n hanh cai them goi ngon ngu Vi~t Narn.
- Cach cii d,t tr\l'c ti~p len phan vilng rieng: VUi cach nay Ubuntu se ch~y
nhanh han so vui sir d\lIlg Wubi, tuy nhien cach cai d~t nay doi hoi nhi~u kI nang v~
cAu hinh h~ di~u hanh han. D~c bi~t trong truang hQ'P rnu6n ch~y song song Ubuntu
va Windows ngum dUng se phai cAu hinh v~ phan vilng wang d6i ti rni d~ phong xoa
mAt phan vilng cua Windows. Tuy nhien trong truang hQ'P sir d\mg Ubuntu thuang
xuyen thi vi~c cai d~t nay se 6n dinh han va ti~n lqi han cho nguui dUng.
Cii d,t sit d\lng Wubi:
D~ cai d~t sir d\lIlg Wubi th~c hi~n cac buuc sau:
- Buuc 1: Trong h~ di~u hanh Windows, dua rna cai d~t vao 6 CD/DVD. HQp
tho~i cai d~t se tg dQng ch~y. Trong truang hQ'P khong xuAt hi~n hQp tho~i co th~ vao 6
CD bfutg Windows Explorer va nhay dup vao t~p Wubi.exe.
t
Ubuniu Menu
i(
_-_.
Donw:lordllJ_
•
_or..
r", Lb.rotu wItat --.oJ snpy .......... "'""*'" wih
the CD ... the b'ay. '1'00 IM'f perfum tJ fuI ilstIJIatton fnrn wttWl
tho
doolo to ...... Lb.rotu _
oIoroQ5ido
tho
......
Inst"_ _
Instal ord
_lhrtu.. . . . _""'*"""",
wItat tho
need for II dedcated pa1:I:iJn. You wi be alit to boot ilto eI:fw
wn:bHs or l.hJ'ltu. I"bnletDl is rd eMI:8::I ... tti5; mode and
liskpeof......... Is
sIIttlv-.
Le.-n1'l'Q1l
lhrtu 5: a free, axrnu*y developed, h.J:r:-bIIsed opcrlllilg
.....em"""*"'wih.W
nstant messagilg, and IN.Eh men.
Ce..cel
Hinh 1: Ltta chr;m cai ilij.t.
ChQn Install inside Windows.
9
- Buac 2:
f'S
".1 Ubunlu Ins1aller
v..,...., about to _
.. thmtu-llUM.3
Please select user"""", and pass¥OOI'd for the . - accOlrt
CD
Installation aiYe:
~ ~2OGIIfree)
LarQJaQe:
PJ :~~L
pI]
Instalaticn size:
~ 19GB
_
Usemame:
~I. ~:cbc-o:.------,
Password:
i
[i]
IQ I ::::~
I
II
..... Desl
IIiIIle
--=
Pe':' 19::··-·-·····--··-·---·······-----··-····
Accesstllty
Instal
I~
ffinh 2: DiJn cac cdu hinh.
Tl;li buac miy di~n cae thong tin sau:
+ Installation drive: L\la chQn 6 cai d~t. Thong thm'mg chQn cae 6 nhu
D:\ hay E:\
+ Installation size: L\la chQn dung IUQ1lg I~y til
6 cai
d~t (t6i thi~u hi
6GB).
+ Username: Ten tai khoan nguai dung (trong vi dv nay I~y ten la
"cbccxa" ho~c cfing co th~ I~y ten la "Nguyen Van A".
+ Password: M~t khAu cho tai khoan nay (nh~p 2 IAn m~t khAu d~ xac
nh~ khong quen m~t khAu).
ChQn Install d~ ti~n hanh cai d~t.
- Buac 3:
-(1
f\(.
Ubunlu Installer
Completing the Ubuntu Setup
Wizard
•
You need to reboot to c~. the nstaIation
o Reboot now
01-* to manJaIy reboot later
ffinh 3: Khai iJ(jng [(Ii mti.y.
10
Ch(;m Reboot now d€ khCri dQng Il;li may va ti~p U)C ti~n hanh cai d~t.
- Buac 4:
Hinh 4: L"a ch(m h~ ili€u himh.
Trong qua trinh khCri dQng Iga chQn h~ di€u hanh Ubuntu bfutg each
,
An phim
mlii ten xuong.
Tl;li buac nay cha cho may cai
d~t xong
se tg dQng khai dQng Il;li.
- Buac 5:
Hinh 5: L"a ch(m.
Sau khi Iga chQn h~ di€u hanh Ia Ubuntu nhu Btruc 4, Iga chQn Ubuntu
a dong
d~u tien d€ may b~t d~u vao h~ di€u hanh Ubuntu.
Sau khi cai d~t xong, ti~n hanh dang nh~p vao Ubuntu nhu
aph~ ben dum.
...; LtrU y: D€ cai g6i ngon ngu ti~ng Vi~t sau khi cai d~t su d\lIlg Wubi thgc hi~n
nhu sau:
11
- Bu
Language & Text.
Hinh 6: Hfjp thot;li Language & Text.
- Bu
Hinh 7: Hfjp thot;li Installed Languages.
- Bu
ngon ngfr ti€ng Vi~t len dAu tien eua danh saeh ngon ngfr (hQp tho~i Language & Text).
Hinh 8: Hfjp thot;li Changes applied
12
- BU
thay df>i ngon ngfr giao di~n. Tich chuQt vao Khong hoi nfra va chQn Cip nhit ten.
ihomeJ<:ba:xa/l)e5lp
ihome/dlCClCaJDownl08ds
ihome/Cbcrxatremplates
ihomeJcbccxaJPublic
ihome.il:bccxaJDoaJments
'ihomeJcbcuail'luslc
ihomeJcbcexalPictures
/home/CbcuaMdeos
/home!Cbccxa/Man hlnh nen
/homeJdxcxa/Ban tal \Ie
/hom~!Cbccxa/Mllu
/homeJcbccxa/Cong
/homeJcbccxatral li~
/homeJdxcxaINh\!c
/home/CbccxaJAnh
/homeJcbccxa!Anh ~
~~b!thllY
ffinh 9: Thay i/t5i ngon ngii giao di~n
Trong wOng hqp mu6n xoa bo Ubuntu khi dimg Wubi th\lc hi~n nhu sau:
- BU
ChangelRemove.
Ii:
Add
01
~
Qlongea
RemoYe
Pnq....
~:!~:>~
Remove Pfoglilms
ClnenIly -
riifM;t;;
ILi
Java(TM) 6
~ 22
I~ -=it Office Pret.._
i"
I.-
D SOOwlJll!iat..
progr....,
Rosi,-~ll~-----------------------"'----"-
:i.<>rtby:!Nlono
. ------.--..-..
~ 2003
JoIcrosoft 'tlsuoI C++ 2lDl RodstrIUablo - x86 9.0.30729.4148
10
Ie
FI'a'ox 9.0.1 (x86 vi)
TIu1dodlnl9.0.1 (xIl6 1'1)
0pen0ffice.
'-.. :
!
Size
97.lJ\MI!
Size
l77.lDII!
Size
II.J4IoII :
Size
36.71I'1l:
,
,
Size
39.13I'Il:
Size
372.lDII:
~~":o;, ~:'-'.~_
~.~
:11
~;1~
~
~.
l~ lhKey 4.0 RC2 (IUd 1101)
Size
1.65I'Il:
ffinh 10: X6a b6 Ubuntu bUlYC 1.
- BU
•
Ubuntu
Umn~I<1j,Cl
'au~abaul:b""~
Aleyt'lUQeyt'lUw.rito~
~',f(,
. .;;:.
.----.-
.
.........
]I
c.aI
1
ffinh 11: X6a b6 Ubuntu buac 2.
13
- BucJc 3: ChQn Finish d~ k~t thuc.
~
/ Ubuntu Utllnstdllcr
e
Unlnstallation completed
Lbri\J has "-' sucCll55flJy lri1st:oIod
Fi1i5h
Hinh 12: X6a b6 Ubuntu buac 3.
- Cii a,t trl1c tiSp len phin vimg rieng:
D~ dli d~t Ubuntu thgc hi~n cac bucJc sau:
- BucJc 1: KhOi dQng rna cai d~t Ubuntu
6 CD trucJc khi may tinh khai dQng vao h~ di~u hanh,
19a chQn ngon ngfr Ti~ng Vi~t a cQt ben trai va nhay chuQt vao nut "Cii a,t Ubuntu
Dua rna CD Ubuntu vao
10.04.3 LTS".
Tagalog
1lirl
Wolof
WI]\ltKcl
lie.napyCKaR
Iilo11rapaol
~3al\
MaKeAoHCKIl
PyCCl
Hinh 13: L"a ch(m coi aq.t.
" LIlU y: Co th~ tai ban cai d~t Ubuntu d~ ghi ra rna CD tl;li trang web
- BucJc 2: Cha Ubuntu cdu hinh cac tham sf, h~ thf,ng bao g6m ngay, gia ...
14
---....
Hinh 14: C6u hinh tham sJ h? thJng.
- Buac 3: ChQn mlii gia theo thfr tg sau:
+ Qu6c gia hay Vimg: Asia
+ Mlii gia:
Vi~t Nam
+ Sau do chQn Ti~p d~ sang buac ti~p theo.
Hinh 15: L1!a ch(Jn mui gia.
- Buac 4: L\la chQn ki~u ban phim
d buac nay, chQn Ti~p d~ djnh nghia ki~u ban phim m~c djnh.
Hinh 16: L1!a ch(Jn kiiu him phim.
15
- BuO'c 5: Chudn bi vilng rna tr6ng dc3 cai d~t
T~i buO'c nay n~u may tinh chua co h~ dieu haOO nao co thc3 chQn "Xoa va sir
d\mg toan bQ rna cimg" (Erase and use the entire disk).
Trong truang hqp may da co sfut h~ dieu hanh, Ubuntu se dua ra mQt l\Ia chQn la
cai d~t song song, co l\Ia chQn gifra cae h~ dieu hanh khi khm dQng (Install them side
by side, choosing between them each startup). Thong thuang nen dung l\Ia chQn nay
dc3 tranh aOO hU
dieu hanh.
L\Ia chQn "cAu hiOO phan vilng thli cong" (Specify partitions manually) la l\Ia
chQn nang cao daOO cho I~p triOO vien may tinh nen h~ ch~ sir d\mg.
Ch~n
bl vUng lfia tr6no f i
MaYl:inh oily chUa M\cmsoft Windows xP I'n)fessional II(! di&I hanh.
"..:>;
Hinh 17: Chudn hi vimg !rang i1J co; i1ijt.
- BuO'c 6: cAu hinh thong s6 ngum dUng
+ Bien ten ngum dung vao truang "Ten la gi?" (a day duqc d~t la "cntt"
ho~c lAy ten la "Nguyen Van A").
+ Bien ten dang OO~p vao truang "mu6n sir d\mg ten gi dc3 dang nli~p?" (a
day duqc
d~t
la "cntt").
+ Bien m~t khdu 2 lfut vao truang "M~t khdu" (luu y khong d~t m~t khdU
dum 6 kY t\I va qua dan gian. Trong cae truang hqp m~t khdu qua dan
gian Ubuntu se hi~n thong bao OO~c
aben c~)
+ B~t ten may tinh vao truang "Ten may tiOO la gi?" (a day co thc3 khong
cfut dien va dc3 m~c djnh theo Ubuntu d~t).
+ ChQn Ti~p dc3 chuyc3n sang buO'c ti~p theo.
16
~
ffinh 18:
cJu hinh thong
sa nguai dung.
- Buac 7: Xac nh~ cai d~t
T~i buac nay, Ubuntu mi hi~n l~i cae thong
s6 da l\la chQn a cae buac tnrac do.
+ ChQn Thmit n€u khong eM d~t ti€p.
+ ChQn Cii d,t de bAt dAu qua trinh cai d~t.
ffinh 19: Xac nJujn cai aq.t.
- Buac 8: Tuy chinh cae thong s6 xu~t hi~n trong qua trinh cai d~t
Hinh dum la man hinh chao mirng clia Ubuntu xac nh~ bAt dAu cai d~t.
17
• fIb;,;n ....n n/iy dan/l diu m~t SlI t1~n~trQng dladl,f an Ubunlil. N6 d~ dUng hmI va lilt ~y1lQn
bao gib ha, nhi:l hlin9lrAm SlI cailie'l, baO Il~m '1lOttrio"so~n phim m~.
m~ng J<6 hOi
~ l<,ra elw;lll phSA Jm!,m d",g IIg"y <l>ilg pllong pM.
va
• Tuy ban Iii nguDl dUng m61 hay b,.n lit "9ufJi d..."9 lau db!, chUng t6illWt ch,s( ring ban sf thuOng
thlit d'tn;IC m~tcBi gi d6. 1''''''9 Ille diongclii Ubuntu. trinll d~n nliy sa gillP ~n llomquen v(li Ubuntu.
lItiulItU dUng nit 011..... dUng ...... ldI8m phl n6 motdch tIIoiI ....,
Hinh 20: Man hinh chao mimg cai iJ(it.
Trong qua trinh cai d~t xuAt hi~n l\Ia chQn "Do qua" cho giai do~ "Tii cae goi
ngon ngif v~ may". T~i giai do~ nay khong nen chQn "Do qua" vi ngon ngfi' ti€ng
Vi~t cftn dugc tili h€t ve may d~ co th~ sir d\lng hoan toan ti€ng Vi~t sau nay. Trong
truOng hQ'P cac goi ngon ngu khong dugc mi ve h€t, h~ dieu hanh Ubuntu se d~ m~c
djnh ti€ng Anh cho cac img d1,ll1g khong dugc trang hi goi ngon ngu ti€ng Vi~t.
!.Neu c;An SlI!IV giup. 11>4 my< Tn;> giiJp va Ho Irq Irong mnh dan .tit. thOI\9,
l;>Ql)c;my< T'V glup c6 tr!,ng!l,i (fa $6l:ac .mg dyng.
.net
• Nvol>i n1liin!l h& Irq dw;rc
s&n. c9n9 dong UbunlU con eung cap nhilnghO Irq kY thuar ca""an
~n. phi qua Intemetfldn·tIIe 110& cbn co 116 IT<;J kY thuat chuyen ng~~c6Ira phi til' (::!lnqqjc;~I. dlSi
rKW nhOng cong tV dlf9c cMp II>1l~nJCem them ~i ubunlU.com/5I.lppcltl
• 8,n hay chi) cO,qlDibiet ~ kinh nghi~m dung Ubuntu <:tia~n r~i ubunlU.com/C;QlTlnllll'lilyf
QUi trinhli:al 4~ dp It4t tlltic. ChUng tOl hy Y9ft9·.btn .. cO nhfiftg
gt4Y phllt tuyjt val v6I
io_
"t
~
>
_-_.............
.
_
Hinh 2 J: Tily chinh thong
-_._----
_ : . . . . -
sa trong qua trinh cai iJ(it.
- BU
T~i hU
qua trinh cai
d~t.
18
----oIIIlII
Hinh 22: HolJn ttit cai dijt va khiJi d(jng lqi.
- Dang nhfp vio hf di~u hinh Ubuntu:
T~i buo-c nay, di6n thong tin nguOi dimg va m~t kh§u da: dugc cAu hiOO trong qua
triOO cai d~t va chQn Dang nhfp d~ vao h~ di6u hanh.
Hinh 23: Man hinh dang nhljp.
H~ di6u hanh Ubuntu co giao di~n man hinh chiOO OOu hinh 24.
Hinh 24: Giao di~n sau khi cai dijt.
3. ciu truc hf th6ng Ubuntu.
3.1. CAu truc thu my.c Ubuntu.
V6 t6ng quan thi cAu trUc va cach t6 chuc file cua Ubuntu khong khac Microsoft
Windows, tuy OOien di6u khac bi~t Ian ooAt giii'a h~ di6u hanh Ubuntu va Microsoft
Windows Ia Ubuntu khong phan chia thanh cac 6 rna (a day dugc hi~u Ia ca 6 rna v~t
Iy va 6 rna logic) rna cac 6 rna nay dugc gan thanh cac thu m\lc.
19
Cac thu rn\lc dugc khai ngu6n ill thu fi\lC gc3c Icy hi~u hi "/'. Til thu rn\lC gc3c se
phan OOaOO ra cac thu rn\lC con. Cac thu rn\lc thu
.:> 09
M6!nhant\T
..
..
II
bin
II
etc
ill
med!a
•
,...
~
1'1.
0
..
.. ..
II
c""""
iI
hom.
lib
los.t+found
III
III
...
III
boot
"""
III
,bin
•
seI""
lim
..
"""
""
Hinh 25: Cac thu m¥c trong Ubuntu.
- /bin: Thu rn\lC nay chua cac phdn rnSrn th\lC thi va cac phdn rnSrn khai d(>ng
cua h~ thc3ng.
- /boot: Cac goi file OOan cua Linux (kernel) ph\lc Y\l cho qua triOO khai d(>ng
h~ diSu hanh dugc d~t trong thu rn\lc nay.
- Idev: Thu rn\lc nay chua cac file thi~t bi.
Ly do la vi cac thi~t bi phdn cUng dSu
dugc diOO nghla la file trong Linux. Vi d\l: cac thi~t bi 6 rna thu
hda2, hdb1, hdb2 ... trong do hda va hdb dimg d~ chi cac 6 rna v~t Iy, con cac sc3 1, 2
dung d~ chi cac 6 rna logic (tuang duang 6 D va E cua Microsoft Windows. N~u
Microsoft Windows chia 6 rna logic theo C, D, E thi tuang duang Linux se co 3 file
hdal, hda2, hdaJ d~ quan IY).
- letc: Thu rn\lC nay chua cac file cdu hinh cua h~ thc3ng va cac do~ rna cdu hinh
cho phdn rnSrn (gic3ng OOu Registry hay cac cdu hinh dugc lUll trong Documents and
Setting cua Microsoft Windows).
- Imnt: Thu rn\lC nay chua cac lien k~t gao gifra thu rn\lC va 6 rna hay cac thi~t bi
khac. Vi d\l co th~ gao Icdrorn la thu rn\lC lien k~t d~n
6 rna CD gic3ng OOu 6, rna CD
dugc th~ hi~n a Microsoft Windows.
- Isbin: Thu rn\lc nay chua cac file th\lC thi cua h~ thc3ng danh cho nguai qulm tri
(tuang duang ngum quan tri Administrator trong Microsoft Windows).
- Itmp: Thu rn\lC nay chua cac file t~ rna phdn rnSrn 4\0 ra khi th\lC thi va se
dugc dQn dt;p khi phdn rnSrn k~t thuc (gic3ng h~ thc3ng file Temp thu
a
Microsoft Windows).
- lusr: Thu rn\lc nay tuang tg thu rn\lC C:\Prograrn Files cua Microsoft
Windows, la nm chua cac phdn rnSrn cai d~t.
- /home: Thu rn\lC nay chua cac thu rn\lC con dl;li di~n cho rn6i nguai dimg khi
dang OO~p. Vi d\l n~u ngum dung co ten la "cntt" thi thu rn\lC lam vi~c cua nguai
20
dimg se duqc cAp la /home/cntt. Ben trong thu mvc cntt la cac thu mvc lUll trU thu
vi~n nhu
Anh,
Nh~c, Man hinh n~n ... giimg nhu My Documents cua Microsoft
Windows co cac thu mvc My Pictures, My Music, Desktop ... (xem anh dum).
.,,,,;
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ffinh 26: Cac thlt m1:lC trong /home.
MQt sA di€m khac bi~t khac v~ cAu trUc thu mvc va file giii'a Ubuntu va
Microsoft Windows nhu sau:
- DuOng dAn trong Ubuntu duqc leY hi~u la "I" trong khi Microsoft Windows la
"\". Vi dV "!home/cntt" khac vm "C:\Documents and Setting".
- Cac file trong Ubuntu du<}c phan
bi~t
chii' hoa va chii' thuOng khac vm
a Microsoft Windows vi~c d~t ten "cntt.doc" va
"CNtt.doc" d~u duqc, tuy nhien a Ubuntu day la 2 file hoan toan khac nhau. Di~u
Microsoft Windows. Vi dv
nay ciing luang tv' v&i dUOng dfut trong Ubuntu, dUOng dfut la !home/cntt se khac vm
!home/CnTT.
3.2. Tai kho3n ngtriri dung.
Ubuntu la h~ di~u hanh da ngum dimg, di~u do co nghia la mQt may tinh cai d~t
Ubuntu co th€ cho phep nhi€u nguai cimg Slr d\lng. M6i nguai dimg duqc phan bi~t
thong qua ten ngum dimg (username) va m~t khAu (password). D€ Slr d\lllg cac thu
mvc cua minh, ngum dimg b~t bUQc phai dang nh~p bfutg cach di€n ten ngum dung va
m~t khAu. Di€u lUll
Y la m~t khAu phan bi~t chii' hoa, thuOng (hi~n nay cac phien ban
h~ di€u hanh mm cua Microsoft Windows cfing co phan bi~t chii' hoa va chii' thuOng).
Ciing giAng nhu cac phien ban h~ di~u hanh cua Microsoft Windows co ffii
khoan quan
tIi cao nhAt la Administator, Ubuntu cfing co tai khoan quan tQ
quy~n
h~ cao nhAt la root. Tai khoan nay co quy€n thi~t l~p va thay d6i cac thong sA cua
toan bQ h~ thAng Ubuntu.
21
3.3. Man hinh lam vi~c Desktop.
Bay la khong gian lam vi~e ehiOO sau khi dang OO~p. B6 e\le eua man hinh
Desktop khae vui Microsoft Windows la co 2 thanh di~u khi€n (taskbar) nAm
aphia
tren va phia dum man hlOO.
Thanh di~u khi€n duqe phan ehia OOu sau:
- Thanh di~u khi€n phia tren man hlOO:
+ Goe trai thaOO di~u khi€n co cae m\le ehue nang chua cae lien k€t den cae
irng d\lllg, cae dja chi troy e~p, cae ehue nang my ehiOO, thi€t l~p h~ th6ng va
mQt s6 irng d\lllg lien k€t OOaOO.
+ Goe phai thaOO di~u khi€n la bi€u tuqng eua mQt s6 phfut m~m eh~y
a eh€
dQ
n~n (la cae phAn m~m vdn ho~t dQng OOung khong hi~n ra eua s6 man hinh),
dc3ng hc3, lieh va cae thong bao h~ th6ng va ehue nang tAt may (shutdown).
Hinh 27: Mim hinh lam
vi~c Desktop.
- Thanh di~u khi€n phia dum man hlnh:
+ Goe trai ngoai eimg la mQt nut d€ thu 006 cae irng d\lllg (minimize) va
hi~n
man hlOO Desktop. Chue nang nay tuang duang vm nut
Hi~n
man
hinh (Show desktop) eua Microsoft Windows.
+ Goe phai eua thanh di~u khi€n la thimg rae (trash) va cae vimg lam vi~e
(workspace) eua Ubuntu. Cae vimg lam vi~e nay thuOng duqe ehia theo 4
man hinh dQe
l~p.
+ d gifta thanh di~u khi€n se la cae the tieu d~ eua irng d\lng. Co th€ dimg
ehuQt d€ di ehuy€n gifta cae irng d\lllg thong qua cae the nay. Giao di~n the
irng d\lllg nay gi6ng OOu eua Microsoft Windows.
22
---"'l1lI
4. Quan It Ubuntu.
4.1. Cai dtit va gO' bo .mg d\lng tren Ubuntu.
M~c djnh co rAt nhieu phAn mem ti~n ich duQ'c cai khi cai d~t Ubuntu. Tuy nhien
vi nhieu ly do rna nguai sft d\lng co nhu cAu cai d~t them phAn mem ho~c my chinh va
gO- b6 phAn mem hi~n co.
f)~ cM d~t mm mQt phAn mem cac buac th\lc hi~n nhu sau:
- Buac 1: Vao m\lc Ung d\lng \ Trung tam pbin m@m Ubuntu.
Hinh 28: Vao Trung tam phtm mJm Ubuntu.
- Buac 2: Sau khi vao Trung tam pbin m~m Ubuntu, chQn cac (mg d\lllg theo
cac nhom Danb m\lc ho~c dimg chuc nang tim ki~m trong Trung tam .mg d\lng.
{~
~!
.. 0 <:>
T! ,.1':) ,,1rn ph,;'1
~q;::
g
;j
iii
~
' ...
0.
n
Phdn mem
.
.
".
:~.:
":: .. ":::"..
~..
::: ... :" ;
":".
Trung tam pha n l11em Ubuntu
~
lfng dung duoc dE: cao )
~
Am thanh va
A
06h9il
Phlm
~
UIJ
"
.Gi4flro~c632~~trll"ran .
r-
{Trinh Q'uitn
Iy Cap
Tr'JI'Q
t~,.,., V"'·~p .-,'c"',
Giao d~n i5l T6i
InharOPt;
EJ
Hinh 29: Ch(Jn phdn mJm cdn cai.
- Buac 3: Sau khi chQnltim ki~m duQ'c phAn mem, chQn Cai dtit va dang nh~p
m~t khAu d~ ti~n hanh cai d~t phAn memo
23
~_.tci~·
e
Cung cap bOI Ubunlu ;
!I I'h.In mem da ca; ~t
.
M
pl
Hinh 30: Chr;m CiJi agt.
--I
Hinh 31: Nhtjp mtjt khdu ad XGC nhtjn.
D~ go bo mQt phAn m~m thgc hi~n theo cac buac sau:
- Buac 1: veto ifng dl}ng \ Trung tam phin m~m Ubuntu
- Buac 2: chQn Phdn m~m dii cai d~t. ChQn phAn m~m mu6n go bo, sau do chQn
GO' boo
BiJn'tlOpel'lOrl'ke.or"iJ
r.,c".d'lin/I_binhri.lJIIo<""".~bJl;;<'Q.
.'~tMell~~
~'~~~a:~~~*,d"I=mM~'
:q,:?==~':~~~..r.\cn_IO"~
.~~'~~~e~:
,,~~~
'4,:~'j::"~,.
1&~~::!..~~~e::~C:V>6n;l
llIJiTIlIl:lM-ii'" .
.I
Hinh 32: Chr;m phlm mJm can gO' bo.
- Buac 3: Dang nh~p m~t kh~u d~ xac nh~ b~t dAu go bo.
Hinh 33: Nhtjp mtjt khdu ad XGC nhtjn.
24