Tài liệu bồi dưỡng kiến thức và kỹ năng công nghệ thông tin cho cán bộ công chức xã khu vực trung du, miền núi và vùng dân tộc – Chuyên đề 4

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BONOlVU
•
•
•

A

~

CHUYENDEN

MANG
VA KHAI THAC THONG TIN TREN MANG

•
•

T4P TAl LIJU GIANG D~ y

DANH CHO LOP D()I DUONG

KIEN THUC vA

KY NANG CONG NGH~ THONG TIN


CHO CAN DQ, CONG CHUC xA KHU vVC MIEN NiH, TRUNG DU

vA VUNG DAN TQe

o Quyit djnh s6: 4f1 IQD-BNV ngay 30thang !i nam
clia BQ trrriYng BQ NQi

v~)

Hit Noi
- 2012
•

2012


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1. DE MVC 1: Khai ni~m v~ m~ng, giOi thi~u m~ng Internet.

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Saukhiboatt:tllanh'llqitlullg nay,ngll'
,-,,',",­

eCac "aini~m v~JP@g:rv1@gcUc bQ (LA.N);
Man' .Intranet; MallgExtranet.

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@g di~hrQng;M~hg Internet;

eTA

1.1. Khai ni~m v~ m~ng.
M@g may tinh hay h~th6ng m~ng (computer network hay network system),
duQ'c thi~t l~p khi co ill 2 may vi tiOO tra len k~t n6i vo; OOau hfutg cap truy~n du li~u
ho~c 3G, 4G, Wimax d€ chia se tAi nguyen qua m~ng OOu may in, thi~t hi lUll trU,

chuong trinh (rng d\ll1g. Tang tiOO
trU tren may tinh OOu hinh 1.

hi~u

qua, an toan, tin

c~y

khi khai thac du

li~u

lUll

Hinh 1: M6 hinh m(lng may tinh.

1


1.1.1.

M~ng C\lC

bQ (LAN).

M~g kh6'i dAu v6i quy mo rAt nh6, vm khming 10 may tinh va mQt may in duQ'c

k€t n<1i v6i nhau. Khi cong ngh~ m~ng con h~ ch€, thi s<1 luqng may tinh cling nhu
khoang cach v~t ly rna m~ng bao phu cling con bi h~ ch€. Ch~ng h~,
dAu th~p

kY

a nhiing nam

80, phuong phap l~p d~t cap ph6 bi€n nhAt nen chi cho phep chimg 30

may, v6i chi€u dai cap t<1i da kho{mg 183m nhu hinh 2.
May'

M6y2

A

I

Ma,S

MAy. . "

May" MayS Mart. Marl

A'

A

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MiiylO

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Po" 1 ~ 12

Port 13·2A

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Hinh 2: M6 hinh mgng c~c be) (Lan).
M~g

C\lC bQ (LAN- Local Area Network) la mQt

lo~i m~ng

may tinh duQ'c cai

d~t trong ph~m vi dia ly nh6, chAng h~ mQt toa nha, tfUang hQc, cong

sa v.v. Kho{mg

cach 100 nhAt gifta cae may tinh trong m~g khoang tren dum 1OOm. M~ng C\lC bQ
duQ'c chia lam 2 lo~i:
- M~g ngang hang (Peer-to-Peer) con gQi la m~ng d3ng dAng, la mQt m~g may
tinh trong do ho~t dQng cua m~g chu y€u

d\la vao khll nang tinh toan va bang

thong cua cac may tham gia, chir khong ~p trung vao mQt s<1 nh6 cac may chu trung
tam nhu cac m~g thong thuang. M~g d3ng dAng thuang duQ'c sir dl,lng d€ k€t n<1i cac
may thong qua mQt luqng k€t n<1i d~ng

tuy bi€n.

M~g d3ng dAng co nhi€u irng d\lng,

irng d\lng thuang xuyen g~p nhAt la chia se t~p tin, tAt cll cac d~g nhu am thanh, hinh
anh, dft li~u, ... ho~e d€ truy€n dft li~u thai gian th\lc nhu di~n tho~i VoIP nhu hinh 3.

2


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ffinh 3: M6 hinh mqng ngang hang (Peer-ta-Peer).
- M~g dga tren may chu (Server-Based) bao g6m cac may khach va cac may
chu chuyen d\lIlg. May chu chuyen d\lIlg la may chi
khong Idem luon vai tro may khach hay

tr~m

ho~t

dQng nhu mQt may chu,

lam vi~c. Cac may khach

nh~n

dugc cac

dich V\l khac nhau do may chu cung c~p.
Vi~c truy€n thong trong h~ th6ng nay chu y€u dugc ti€n hanh giua nhi€u may khach

va mQt vai may chu, do v~y lugng thong tin vao/ra cac may chu cit 1611 nhu hinh 4.

ffinh 4: M6 hinh mqng khach \ chu (Server\ Client).
S\I phan bi~t giua 2 lo~i m~g noi tren la r~t quan trQng, do m6i lo~i co nhUng
khfl nang khac Ithau. Lga chQn lo~i m~ng nao d~ lip d~t cho phu hgp con ph\l thuQc

vao nhi€u y€u t6:

'

- Quy mo t6 chirc (cong ty, van phong).
- Mirc dQ bflo m~t cAn co.
- Lo~i hinh cong vi~c.
- Mirc dQ h6 trg sfut co trong cong mc qufln trio
- Nhu cdu cua nguai sir d\lng.
- Ngan sach m~g.

3


1.1.2. M,ng di~n rQng (k@t n6i LAN to LAN).
M~ng di~n rQng WAN (wide area network) Ia rn~g dfi' li~u duQ'c thi~t k~ d~ k~t

n6i gifi'a cac rn~g do thi (rn~g MAN), gifi'a cac khu vgc dia Iy cach xa nhau. Xet v~
quy rno dia Iy, rn~g GAN (global area network) co quy rno Ian nhAt, sau do d~n
rn~ng

WAN va rn~ng LAN nhu hinh 5.

ffinh 5: M6 hinh mgngdi?n r9ng (Wan).
Cac rn~g Cl,lC bQ ho~t dQng t6t trong rnQt ph~rn vi dia Iy nho. Khi s6 Iugng nguai
dung tang, ph~rn vi rn~ng tang, rna rQng cac rn~ng Cl,lC bQ bfulg cach sir dl,lng cac thi~t
bi k~t n6i nhu bQ I?p, cAu n6i, bQ diM tuy~n, cling cac phuong ti~n truy~n dfut rn~ng
Cl,lC bQ thich hQ'P. Tuy nhien cac khming cach nay cling bi h~ ch~, ching h~ d6i vOi
cap dAng, khoang cach giOi h~ t6i da khoang 500rn, con d6i vOi cap quang khoang
cach cling chi khoang 2km.

D~ rna rQng hon nfi'a, cAn thay th~ phuong ti~n truy~n d~n rn~g Cl,lC bQ b~ng cac

kenh truy~n duQ'c cung cAp bOi cac nha cung cAp dich
rQng

rn~g

Cl,lC bQ tir rnQt

rn~g

chi co kha nang phl,lc

Vl,l

Vl,l

truy~n thong. Khi do, rna

rnQt vilng Cl,lC bQ, tra thanh

rn~g truy~n dfi' Ii~u qua rnQt thanh ph6, dAt nuac, khu vgc va th~rn chi toan cAu, va
rn~ng nhu v~y

duQ'c gQi Ia rn~g

di~n

rQng (Wide Area Network - WAN).

Nhu v~y, rn~ng di~n rQng Ia rnQt rn~g truy~n s6 li~u, bao phil rnQt vilng dia Iy
tuong d6i rQng va thuang sir dl,lng cac phuong ti~n truy~n dfut duQ'c cung cAp bOi cac
nha khai thac rn~ng. Cl,l th~ Ia cac nha cung cAp dich
tho~i. Cac cong ngh~ rn~g di~n rQng ho~t dQng

Vl,l

vi€n thong, cac cong ty di~n

a3 tAng thAp nhAt trong rno hinh tharn

chi~u 081, tAng v~t Iy, tAng lien k~t dfi' li~u va tAng rn~ng.

4

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1.1.3. M~ng Internet.

Ml;mg Internet la lien m~ng may tinh toan cAu bao gbm cac m~ng LAN, WAN

cua ca th~ gim k~t n6i vm nhau thong qua giao thuc TCP / IP. Hi€u TCP / IP nhu la
ngon ngfr chung cho cac may tinh thuQc Internet nhu hinh 6.

Hinh 6: M6 hinh m{lng toim cdu (Internet).

Sa lugc lich sir cua Internet: Nam 1969, theo d\l an cua BQ Qu6c phong My,
m~ng may tinh ARPANET ra doL Nam 1983, ARPANET sir d\lng bQ giao thuc

TCP/IP va sau do t6 chuc Khoa hQc Qu6c gia cua My (National Science Foundation
- NSF) tai trg cho vi~c xay d\lllg NSFNET thay th~ cho ARPANET. Nam 1986,
NSFNET lien k~t 60 tfUang d~i hQc My va 3 tfUang d~i hQc Chau Au. Di€m quan
trQng cua NSFNET la m~g nay cho phep mQi ngum cimg sir d\lng. Nam 1989, t~i
Trung tam nghien cUu nguyen ill chau Au CERN, Tim Berners Lee tri€n khai thanh
cong dich V\l World Wide Web (WWW).
Nam 1990, Email va Web lam cho Internet

tra thanh cong c\llam vi~c khong

th€ thi~u cua hang tri~u ngum tren th~ gim.
Thang 12 nam 1997,

Vi~t

Nam chinh thuc tham gia vao Internet, qua han 10 nam

tham gia vao h~ th6ng Internet toan cAll, Vi~t Nam hi~n nay da co khoang 20 tri~u thue
bao va noi la da phu toan dAt nuCac dich V\l ca ban cua Internet gbm:

- WWW (World Wide Web) - Trang tintoan cAu Website.
- Email (Electronic mail) - Thu di~n ill.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - Truyful ~ tin, h6 tr<;Y truyful dfr li~u cO dung lU<;YIlg 1611.

5

--.

-

1.1.4. M,ng Intranet.

..

Barcodes

POlIeI'Ma: G3
W lib Applcali lJlS

Reports

ffinh 7: M6 hinh mqng Intranet.
M~g Intranet la mQt m~ng Internet thu 006 vao trong mQt co quan, cong ty, t6

ch(Cc hay mQt BQ, ngaoo,... giai h~n ph~m vi ngum sit d\lIlg, co sit d\mg cac cong ngh~
ki~m soat truy c~p va bilo m~t thong tin. f)ugc phat tri~n ill cac m~ng LAN, WAN

dung cong ngh~ Internet OOu hinh 7.

1.1.5. M,ng Extranet.

Tren co sa h~ tAng m~ng Intranet, ciIng vai cac djch V\l ch~y tren m~ng, n~u n3i

m~ng

Intranet vao m~ng Internet va khai thac cac djch V\l thi
Extranet OOu hinh 8.
.~

....
I

I

tra thanh m~g

Internet
F'wewall
Proxy
Extranet

f0o­

I

m~ng

Intranet

Application
Server

Server

I

f0o­

I

I

Customer Network

Internal Company NetWork

ffinh 8: M6 hinh mqng Extranet.

6


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1.2. T6ng quan ve Internet (GiOi thifu, mqt sa khai nifm, k~t nai may tinh
vOi Internet, cac djch vy thong dyng clla Internet).
1.2.1. GiOi thifu.

Ngu6n g3c va S\l hinh thanh INTERNET.

Internet dugc xem nhu la mQt m~g ctia cac m~g, dugc hinh thanh bAng vi~c

n3i ket cac may tinh va cac m~ng may tinh rieng Ie vai nhau, ~o ra mQt m~ng chung
co tinh chAt tOM cAu.
Ti€n than ctia Internet la ARPANET, la m~g do BQ Qu3c phong My phat minh

nam 1969, nh~m m\lC dich h3 trg truy€n thong trong tfuDen nam 1974 khai ni~m Internet chinh thuc ra dOi va thay the ARPANET, no dugc ,
sir dvng cho tai ngay nay. ,
1.2.2. Mqt sa khai nifm.
HTTP la viet tAt ctia Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, co y nghia la giao thuc
truy€n t~p tin si<~u van ban. Trinh duy~t Web sir d\lng giao thuc nay d~ ket n3i vai
may ph\lc V\l Web va tai cac t~p Web v€ may nguOi dung. Chinh vi v~y,

a dia chi

Web nao cling rna dAu bAng http. Vi d\l: .
Website, khu V\lC chua website, la nm cac trang web dugc lUll tren may ph\lc V\l
Web. Trong s3 cac trang web thuQc website nay, co mQt trang gQi la trang chti (Home
Page). Tir trang chti, nguai sir dvng se di den cac trang web khac qua cac sieu lien ket
dugc thiet l~p tren trang web. URL la viet t~t ctia Uniform Resource Locator co
khuon d~g g6m: Ten Clla giao thuc, dia chi trang web ket n3i den. Vi d\l:
x/vi/1 d~ rna mQt trang web.
Trong dia chi web htfp:/Iwww.moha.gov.vnla mQt ten mi€n Internet. Nhom
chit nay la duy nhAt tren Internet dUng d~ diM danh cho mQt di~m ket n3i.
M3i nuac tham gia vao Internet phai co mQt tA chuc chiu trach nhi~m quan ly
ten mi€n ctia cac di~m ket n3i Internet t~i nuac minh. T~i Vi~t Nam co' quan quan ly
ten mi€n la VNNIC. D~ tham gia, cac ca nhan, tA chuc phai dang kY ten mi€n va dong
l~ phi d~ duy tri ten mi€n. Cac ten mi€n dugc xay d\lDg nhu sau:

- Nhom chit dAu tien ben phai g6m hai til quy dinh cho nuac tham gia Internet
nhu vn-Vi~t Nam; jp- Japan; uk-United Kingdom...
(Rieng nuac My thi b6 qua phAn nay vi Internet dAu tien xuAt phat aMy).
- Nhom chit thu hai theo chi€u til phai sang trai se la mQt trong cac tir edu; com;
gOY; net - d~ chi ra nhom ngh€ nghi~p, cong vi~c.
7

- Cac OOom chfr ti~p theo se do ngumi€n quc3c gia dAng y khi xac djOO dugc ten mi€ n d~t ra Ia duy ooAt.

1.2.3. K@t n6i may tinh vOi Internet.

Hinh 9: M6 hinh kit n6i may tinh wti Internet.
D€ k~t nc3i v&i Internet cfuI co mQt sc3 yeu c§u v€ phfuI cfrng va phfuI m€m sau:
PhfuI cfrng: May tinh k~t nc3i v6i modem va modem duqc k~t nc3i v6i cac OOa
cung cAp djch V\l m~g OOu VietteI, VNPT, FPT, CMC thong qua dUOng day di~n tho~i
Ia cap dAng ho~c k~t nc3i qua dUOng cap quang.
PhfuI m€m: K~t nc3i Internet, h~ di€u hanh, giao thuc TCP / IP, triOO duy~t web,
dja chi URL (Uniform Resource Locator) co khuon

d~g:

Ten cua giao thuc, dja chi

trang web k~t nc3i d~n.
Cac yeu c§u thi~t y~u khi k~t nc3i v6i Internet: K~t nc3i v&i Internet thong qua
mQt trong cac OOa cung cAp m~g Internet (Internet Service Provider) OOu VietteI,
VNPT, FPT, CMC OOu hinh 9.

1.2.4. Cac djch VI} thong dl}ng ciia Internet.
':" Djch vI} Web (WWW): La djch V\l quan tr<;>ng ooAt tren Internet ngay nay.
Djch V\l nay cho phep nguthong tin tir bAt cu nm nao tren th~ gi6i, sao cho nguai sir d\lng duqc phep xem thong
tin do. Thong tin tra v€ trong triOO duy~t (Web Browser) du&i d~ng Web bao gAm van
ban, hiOO anh, am thanh va mQt sc3 Io~i do~ phim theo ngon ngfr djOO d~g van ban

HTML.
- Djch

VI}

thll

di~n

til (E-mail): Cho phep ngu
trinh glri va oo~ thu (Mail Client) di~n ill tren m~g. Day Ia djch V\l ra dIaud
8


-


- Dich VI} truy@n tfP tin FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Cho phep dimg cac FTP
Client de truy€n va nh~ cac t~p tin tren m~ng. Day Ia djch V\l chinh trong vi~c chia se
chuang trinh, t~p tin tren m~g.

- Dich VI} trao dai thong tin tren Internet (Chat): La hinh thuc hQp tho~i tn,rc
ti~p tren m~g. Thong qua djch V\l nay, hai hay nhi€u nguai cung hIc trao d6i thong tin
trvc ti~p.

- Di~n dim (Forum): Cho phep ngum sir d~ng trao d6i thong tin giua mQi ngum

v6i nhau. LUll y: Nguai sir d\lIlg phai co UserName, Password thi m6i duqc tham gia.
- Dich VI} tim ki@m (Search Engine): Thong qua til khoa ngum sir d\mg nh~p til
banphim.
1.3. Trinh duyft Internet Explorer (IE).
1.3.1. Ma \ dong trinh duyft.
Co rAt nhi€u cach de khffi dQng Internet Explorer, nguai sir d\mg I\la chQn mQt
trong nhUng cach sau:
Cach 1: Nhay chuQt trai vao bieu tuqng Start \ Programs \ Internet Explorer
(ho~c nhAn Ctrl + ESC) nhu hinh 10.

Hinh 10: Ma trinh duy~t (Internet Explorer).

9


-

Giao di~n chinh cua trinh duy~t Internet Explorer nhu hinh 11.
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ffinh 11: Giao di~n chinh Clla trinh duy~t (Internet Explorer).
each 2: Nhin thdy bi~u tugng cua Internet Explorer tren thanh khOi dQng nhanh

(Quick launch) a phia duOi man hinh, gfut nut Start. Nhay chuQt vao bi~u tugng do
d~ khOi dQng chuong trinh Internet Explorer.
each 3: Nhay dup chuQt vao

bi~u tugng II Internet Explorer tren man hinh

n~n (desktop).

D~ dong trinh duy~t, ngum sir d\mg hla chQn mQt trong nhfing cach sau:

Cach 1: Nhay chuQt trai vao bi~u tugng dong frng d\mg (ddu X

a g6c tren ben

phtii Clla czra s6).
Cach 2: Nhay chUQt trai vao th\lc dan File, chQn Exit.
Cach 3: Sir d\lng phim tAt, ngum sir d\lng nhdn t6 hgp phim AIt+F4.

1.3.2. Thanh th\lc don (MenuBar).

Tools

Help

ffinh 12: Thanh th,!c Qan (MenuBar).
Chua cac l~nh th\lc thi chuong trinh,

tuy theo chuc nang rna chung du<}c thi~t k~

theo tirng nhom nhu hinh 12.

10


-

1.3.3. Thanh cong C\l (Toolbar).

,.. it

~ ~. ~. ~ ~

•

~

Ia

G) ~ • ~ ~ •

QJ

~ ~ Page. safety. Tools·

.....
A

))

Hinh 13: Thanh cong c¥ (Toolbar).
La thanh chua cac nut l~nh thuBao g6m cac chuc nang sau:
- Quay v€ trang truac do (Aft + ~) :0 Back 9,
- Bi tm trang sau (Alt + 7)~--->.

- C~p nh~t trang hi~n hanh - lam tuai (F5) @

- Xem danh sach cac trang vila troy c~p (Ctrl + H)

e I


- Ngung Uli xU6ng trang hi~n t~i (Esc)0~

- Xem danh sach dia chi ua thich (Ctrl +1) ~ F~

- Tra v€ trang chu (Alt + Home) . ~
<'

1.3.4. Trtrimgdja chi (Address).

La nm rna nguOi sir d\mg se nh~p dia chi website, d6ng thOi no cfing cho bi~t dia

chi Clla trang dang dUQc xem. NguOi sir d\ll1g dimg phim F4 ho~c Alt + D d~ troy xuAt d~n
thanh nay nhu hinh 14.

Hinh 14: Go aia chi website.

1.3.5. LU'U l,i cac dja chi yeo thich.
Nhay chuQt trai vao nut Favorites nhu hinh 15.

Hinh 15: Nhim nut Favorites tren thanh (Menubar).

11


--

Tren thanh Favorites, chQn fi\lC Add Favorites se xu~t hi~n cira sc3 nhu hinh 16.
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Add a Favorite
Add a fcmJrite
Add this webpage as afavorte. To access )'OlJ'" favories. visa the
Favories Certer.

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CRaie in:

EH~w~der

i~ Favorites

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Hinh 16: Luu lqi aia chi yeu thich.

Nh~p ten trang web cAn lUll vao fi\lC Name (m~c dinh se l~y trang hi~n ~i)

Check vao m\lc Make available omine n€u muc3n trinh duy~t trang web sau nay rna
khong cAn vao m~g.
ChQn Folder chua dia chi trang web ua thich trong bang Create in (sir d\lng
New Folder n€u muc3n t~o folder mm). Nh~ OK.
...J LU1I y: Muc3n thay dc3i ten ho~c xoa trang web ra kh6i danh sach ua thich,
ngum sir d\lllg chQn m\lc Organize, sau do thgc

hi~n

tu
nhu hinh 17.
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Favorites Bar
Favorites Folder

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Hinh 17: D6i ten hoijc xoa !rang web ra khoi danh stich ua thich.

12



-


1.3.6. LtrU

I~i

trang web

hi~n

hanh.


I:)~ lUll l~i trang web hi~n hanh nguOi sir d\lng se ti€n hanh theo 2 buac sau:

Buac 1: Vao Files \ Save As.

Buac 2: Trong hQp tho~i chQn Save Web Page, sau do chQn f, rna, thu m\lC va
d~t ten cc1n lUll trang web.

1.3.7. In trang web ra giiy.
- Xem trang web trtr«Yc khi in
Thong thu
(preview). I:)~ th\Ic hi~n chilc nang nay, nhfut chuQt vao th\Ic dan Files \ Print
Preview. Trang web se hi~n thi tren man hinh nhu khi duqc in ra nhu hinh 18.
--_.~--

...

<

....­ .....---­

-- --­

ffinh 18: Xem trangweb trulYe khi in (preview).

+ NguOi sir d\lllg dimg chilc nang phong to, thu nh6 ho~c cac chilc nang hi~n
thi kich thuac theo tY l~ phc1n tram.

+ Nhi€u trang web co rtQi dung dai, nhi€u trang nen nhfut vao mlii ten di
chuy~n d~ chuy~n d€n cac trang k€ ti€p.

+ Sau khi xem truac khi in, nguai sir d\lllg quy€t dinh in (Print) ho~c thoat

(Close).
- Thi~t I,p trang in
Cac chfrc nang thi€t l~p trang in hoan toan gi6ng nhu cong vi~c thi€t l~p trang in
trong cac (eng d\lng khac. Sir d\lllg Internet Explorer, nhay chuQt vao Files va chQn

Page setup nhu hinh 19.

13


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Hinh 19: Thiit /tJp trang in (Page Setup).
D~t Ie cua trang web, trong phAn Margins cua hQp tho~i Page Setup, chQn cac

tham s6 phil hgp vo; trang web dinh in, bao g6m cac khoang cach trai (Left), phai

(Right), tren (Top) va duai (Bottom).
- In toan bq trang web
D~ in toan bQ trang web dang hi~n thi tren trinh duy~t, chi cAn OOay chuQt vao

bi~u tm;mg Print tren thaOO cong C\!. L~OO nay se in trang web dang hi~n thi tren man

hinh rna khong cAn phai yeu cAu thith I~p bAt

IcY tham

s6 hay gia tq nao. Nhu v~y,

truac khi Iga chQn chilc nang nay, phai ch~c ch~ r~g s6 trang web in ra se OOu

y

mu6n. D~ in tom bQ trang web dang hi~n thi theo cac tham s6; nen chQn chilc nang

File \ Print, phAn mem triOO duy~t cho phep chQn cac chilc nang OOu s6 Iuqng ban in,
Io~i may in, ch~ dQ in d~, OO~t khac' OOau.

In viIng danh dAu hra chQn" vao Files \ Print, chQn phAn Print Range, chQn

Selection r6i ooAn OK d~ hom tAt OOu hinh 20.
. . Print

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Hinh 20: In toan b9 trang web.

14

2.

BE MVC 2: Tim ki~m thong tin tren Internet.

2.1. GiOi thifu trang Website tim ki~m .

MQt trong cac (rng d\ll1g n6i ti~ng clla hang google hi cong C\l tim ki~m, cong C\l

nay.giup nguOi dimg Internet d6 dang tim'dugc cac thong tin cAn thi~t. Google h6 trQ'

sir d\ll1g nhi€u ngon ngii', trong do co ngon ngii' ti~ng Vi~t.
2.1.1. Tim ki~m thong tin theo tir k.h6a.
Troy c~p vao trang Website clla Google Anh)
ho~c !(ti~ng Vi~t) nhu hinh 21.
.~

Lfiit

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TOCIIk FWp

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Go ill khoa

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Wi':tt!6uvt~~

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Hinh 21: Giao di~n chinh !rang tim kiim google.

15


f)~ tim ki~m thong tin, tnr6c tien cAn phai xac dinh Tir khoa (Key Word) cua

thong tin muim tim ki~m, day la phfrn rAt quan trQng, ill khoa la ill d~i di~n cho thong

tin cAn tim. N~u ill khoa khong ro rang va chinh xac thi se cho ra k~t qua tim ki~m rAt
nhi€u, rAt kho phan bi~t va chQn dugc thong tin nhu mong mu<3n. Con n~u ill khoa qua
dai thi k~t qua tim ki~m khong co.
Thong thuOng chi cAn nh~p ill khoa mu<3n tim va nhAn Tim vOi Google (Search)
ho~c nhAn phim Enter thi Google se cho ra nhi€u k~t qua tim ki~m bao gAm dia chi

lien k~t d~n trang Web co ill khoa va vai dong mo ta ben dum, chi cAn nhay trai chuQt
vao dia chi lien k~t se rna dugc trang Web co thong tin mu<3n tim.
Cac !\ra chQn tim ki~m:

- Web: Tim tren ca cac Website.
- Nhiing trang vi~t bing ti~ng Vi~t: Chi tim nhUng trang hi~n thi ti~ng Vi~t.
- Nhiing trang tir Vift Nam: Chi tim nhUng trang ill Vi~t Nam.
Ngmii ra d~ cho k~t qua tim ki~m dugc chinh xac han Google con cho phep sir
d\ll1g cac thong s<3 va di€u ki~n chQn IQc kern theo ill khoa. Sau day la cac thong s<3 va
di€u ki~n IQc thong d\ll1g:

- Lo~i bo mqt tir nao do ra khoi k~t qua tim ki~m
Google se tim tAt ca cac trang Web co chua tir khoa cAn tim nhung khong co tir
se bi lo~i bo.
Cli phap: tir khoa -tir lo~i bo
Vi d\l: Nh~p vao 0 tim ki~m Clla Google vi tinh -may, Google se tim cac trang co ill
khoa vi tinh nhung khong co ill may, khi do ngum sir d\ll1g dugc k~t qua nhu hinh 22.
f1II

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Timki~m

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Pl!am!Oj vlllnll con IlO! . PM!! Iuat ã sao DOoo N8i
Y:\YW baodo~.!.COI't:.\'nl

... .!PI'\iimÃloi-Ơi.IJnh~dG-211211J7i

2,3Thang t.tlTlYiMÂt1C'i1- Tnt6'cviRhm6ng nglla. bfdo ~ ThWIl~{Sft
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Ban vllinll • NO; TI1At Online
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Xuin HOI, Mo' nO;

ttJt'''phcingYi'''"tcjp~ttJt'''' bot Bin ~p/lOng hop.

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ffinh 22: Giao di?n tim Him (tir kh6a -tir lot;li boY.

16

-


- Bit buqc pbai co mQt tir nao do ra trong k~t qua tim ki~m
Google se tim tAt ca cac trang web co chua ill khoa cAn tim va b~t bUQc phai co
them ill b~t buQc.
CU phap: tir khoa +tir bit bUQc

Vi d\l: Nh~p vao 0 tim ki€m cua Google vi tinb +may, Google

se tim cac trang

co ill khoa vi tinh va co ill may, khi do nguOi sir d\lllg dugc k€t qua nhu hinh 23.
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Hinh 23: Giao di¢n tim kiim (tit kh6a +tit biit bul)c).

- Rut gQn tir khoa cin tim
Dilng d~ d~i di~n cho mQt, nhi~u Icy tg ho~c nhi~u ill khoa qua daL
CU phap: Tir khoa

* tir khoa

Vi d\l: Nh~p vao 0 tim ki€m cua Google may * tinb, Google se tim cac
trang co tir khoa may vi tinb cling gi6ng tir khoa cQng, khi do nguai sir d\lng
dugc k€t qua nhu hinh 24.
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Moo Wn M6y llnh DesktOP mItY tinll bo

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Hinh 24: Giao di¢n tim kiim (Tit kh6a * tit kh6a).
17


....


-

- Tim chinh xac tir khoa

Google se cho ra cac k€t qua co chinh xac ill khoa duqc chi dinh.

CU phap: "tir khoa"

Vi d\l: Nh~p vao 0 tim ki€m cua Google "maytinh", Google se cho ra k€t qua Ia


may tinh nhu hinh 25.
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bo may Iintl de ben deskIoc .•
'1iWWV.egU,rom, .. ) !sIirti,*"i1tl ~1 w..,' \itm
lbb*> ...... IlooIOoti._om ..,_I ....
lAtmll.
vttgiI.com - Wtb!bltuong lllfi ~ Ii) !tint 61u ~ V.lll NIr.I. cung d9_

M., ..... o....",txom "'d). r........ lll ...... lulo, Mb!

doboo._"'''' ..

Hinh 25: Giao di~n tim kiim ("tir kh6a'').
Cac di€u ki~n IQc va thong s6 kern theo ill khoa (ill mu6n tim) d~ giup cho k€t qua
tim ki€m chinh xac nhu mong mu6n, cac di€u ki~n IQC mly duqc k€t thuc bfutg ddu hai
chdm (:) va ti€p li€n theo sau (khong co khoang cach) Ia thong s6 hay ill khoa cAn tim.

- Tim tir khoa theo tieu d~ trang web
Google se tim cit ca cac trang web co tieu d€ chua ill khoa cAn tim.
CU phap: intitle:tir khoa.
Vi d\l: Nh~p vao 0 tim ki€m cua Google intitle: tid Ii~u, Google se tim cac trang
co ill tii Ii~u trong tieu d€ nhu hinh 26.
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TooM! 11m ki4:\m Filetr~ GoogIe !lU'll T,m- oiln Den SinhVieo ..•
.w;...~IliI'l"'~'fufunliA!cHv4ll'i"ldEJ:.pt:p.1.'791jJtmi'?'s
f. ThM;;J"WiM~~~1.-(:tlUng .. ~"9!l:1JdolOlillb9~JOogle(~~n-liy
cJIh*ntronglap;rlnblwy blr-itfnllexcelv6y)Utim ...... 1-{1n1i1111:JCUph'P_
o.

Hinh 26: Giao di~n tim kiim (mtitle:tir kh6a).
18



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cJp ~ nhtI" Rlio My_

CNIT VIAl Nam - Viet Nom In!onMhon

_1I~at1!.comVfll

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nghf thMg _. tin 1lhenf'l c&tg ~ e&1'Jg ngh6 ~ tiII:, ltg.awn,ingII_

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Hinh 27: Giao di~n tim Him theo chu d€.
2.1.3. Tim ki~m ning cao.

eu phap tim ki~m nang cao:

Sir d\mg cach thirc ghep them tom ttl dAu cQng (+)

vao mQt ill se cho k~t qua la ill do phai xuAt hi~n trong k~t qua tim ki~m:

Hay so sanh kit qua tim kiim khi go cac diu diJu khiin:
Vietnam v6i vietnam

(Luu y: nAu cQng di li€n v6i ill culture (van hoa)

.Ghep them tom ttl dAu trir (-) vao truac mQt ill, se cho k~t qua la: ill do se bi lo~i
b6 trong k~t qua tim ki~m.
19


Hay so sanh kit qua tim kiim khi go cae diu iJi€u ki?n:

I

HoChiMinh vo; -HoChiMinh

I (LUll y: DAu tm di li€n vai ill city (thimh ph8) )

Dung dAu ngo~c kep truac va sau c\lm ill cAn tim d~ tim ra cac trang web co chua
cac ill do theo dung thu 1\l go vao.

Hiiy so sanh kit qua tim kiim khi go cae cau iJi€u khiin:
Vietnamese culture vai "Vietnamese culture"
Sir d\lllg chuc nang tim ki~m nang cao trong trang google.com.vn.
Troy c~p vao trang web ctia Google !(ti~ng Anh) ho~c

!(ti~ngVi~t). Sau do nhay chuQt trai vao bi~u tuQ11g D,
ben phai goc tren man hinh se xuAt m\lC tim ki~m nang cao nhu hinh 28.
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Hinh 28: Giao di?n tim kiim nang cao.
V 0; trang tim ki~m nang cao, ngum dung d~ dang thu h~p ph~m vi tim ki~m lam
cho bQ tim ki~m cho k~t qua nhanh va dung vai mong mu6n ctia nguai dung hon.
2.2. Upload va Download tai nguyen tren m~lDg.
- Upload co nghia la "tii len". Khi ngum sir d\lng dang kY mQt nick yahoo Mes­
senger, giri mQt thu di~n til (email), tra 1m mQt bai vi~t trong di~n dan nao do. NhOng
thao tac do la ''tai len" ho~c dua du li~u ill may tinh ctia ngum sir d\lllg d~n cac may
chti ctia cac website.
- Download co nghia la "tii xu6ng". Thao tac nhay chuQt vao dUOng lien k~t

ho~c nhAp Enter sau khi ngum sir d\lng go mQt trang web nao do.

20

-


-


Vi d\l: Trang bao tuoitre.com.vn, trang www.chinhphu.vn thi bUtriOO duy~t web

se ti~n hanh "tii xu8ng" nQi dung tit cac may chu chua website do.

Vi d\l: Troy c~p vao trang cua BQ NQi V\l d~ tM tM li~u
v~ may tiOO, k~t qua OOu hinh 29.

NhaychuQt

II

trai vao bi€u

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tuc;rng d€ tili

Nhay chuQt trai

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tili li~u

vao nut Save d~

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2.3. GiOi thi~u mQt s8 trang Website thong dl}ng.

- C6ng thong tin di~n tlr Chinh phu: www.chinhphu.vn

Giao di~n chinh cua C6ng thong tin di~n tlr Chinh phu OOu hinh 30.


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- MQt sc3 Trang/C6ng thong tin di~n ill cae BQ, ban, nganh:

Trang thong tin di~n ill BQ NQi V\l (Website):

Giao di~n chinh Trang thong tin di~n ill BQ NQi V\l nhu hinh 33.

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Giao di~n chinh C6ng thong tin di~n tic tim Thita Thien Hu€ nhu hinh 36:

Hinh 36: Giao di~n chinh C6ng thong tin tJi~n tir tinh Thua Thien Nul
24