Đáp án Thi hết môn Dịch đại cương NNA

ĐÁP ÁN THI HẾT MÔN DỊCH ĐẠI CƯƠNG
1. What is generally understood as translation involves the ……………..of
a source language text into the target text.
a. telling
b. talking
c. rendering Câu trả lời đúng
d. playing
2. The structures of …………………………………. will be preserved as
closely as possible but not so closely that the target language structure will
be seriously distorted.
a. Clause
b. the source language Câu trả lời đúng
c. target
d. sentence
3. The manner in which the target reader responds to the target text must
be the same as that in which the source reader responded to
……………………………………
a. The target text
b. The full text
c. The final text
d. the source text. Câu trả lời đúng
4. A satisfactory translation is always possible, but a good translator is
never satisfied …………..it.
a. for
b. About
c. Of
d. With Câu trả lời đúng
5. Translation theory includes principles for translating figurative
language, dealing with lexical mismatches, rhetorical questions, inclusion of
cohesion markers, and ………………………
a. many other topics crucial to good translation. Câu trả lời đúng

b. A lot of work to do
c. Other fields to complete the process.
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d. To give translator a chance
6. Since the mid-1970s the name ‘Translation Studies’ has been adopted to
indicate that the ……. is not just a minor branch of comparative literary
study, nor yet a specific area of linguistics, but a vastly complex field .
a. Field of translation
b. Way of translating
c. study of translation Câu trả lời đúng
d. Method of translation
7. Translation is the expression in another language (target language) of
what has been expressed in one language (………………………),
preserving semantic and stylistic equivalencies.
a. Second language
b. source language Câu trả lời đúng
c. First language
d. Another language
8. Translation is the ………………. of a representation of a text in one
language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language.
a. Replaced
b. Replaceable
c. Replacement Câu trả lời đúng
d. Replacing
9. Translation has become popular in language learning and daily life. So
far, there have been ……………………………………definitions of
translation.
a. 20

b. 17
c. 18
d. many Câu trả lời đúng
10. Practically, whether …………………is termed as ‘Translation Theory’
or ‘Translation Studies’ it culminates with the theory on proper principles
of translation.
a. The interest in traslation
b. The usefulness of translation
c. the study of translation Câu trả lời đúng
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d. The practice of translation
11. The instructor can then hope to measure the students’ linguistic
competence by ..……………………………………………………… ………
a. Practising more and more
b. Encouraging them to work more
c. means of the target language products. Câu trả lời đúng
d. Asking some questions
12. Translating must aim primarily at …………………………………….To
do anything else is essentially false to one’s task as a translator.
a. Practising rendering texts.
b. “reproducing the message.” Câu trả lời đúng
c. Choosing the right word choice
d. Correcting all the words and phrases.
13. The forms are ……………… to as the surface structure of a language.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. refer
b. Reference
c. Referred Câu trả lời đúng

d. Referring
14. In the other theory of translation, the predominant purpose is………. ,
but rather moves in its new dress with the same ease as in its native
rendering.
a. To do the translation as quickly as possible
b. To convey the meaning of the whole text
c. to produce a result that does not read like a translation at all Câu trả lời đúng
d. To replace the new text with its direct meanings
15. There are a variety of cultural elements to take into …………….. when
starting a translation.
a. Considered
b. Consider .
c. Considering
d. consideration Câu trả lời đúng
16. The linguistic approaches basically saw translating as …………………
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a. An authentic way of expressing ideas.
b. a code-switching operation. Câu trả lời đúng
c. A subject of study
d. A good way of communication
17. Translation it must be conceived as an integral communicative ………
…………………………….
a. performing
b. Performative
c. Performed
d. Performance Câu trả lời đúng
18. What the interpreter is unable to grasp in his first and only
confrontation with the text is …………….forever.

a. disappeared
b. lose
c. Lost Câu trả lời đúng
d. Losing
19. The translator is the initial knower of two languages, or more, who
……………..the ability to move between two languages.
a. have
b. Has Câu trả lời đúng
c. Had
d. Having
20. ………….is the interpreter of the source text, and the producer of the
final interpretation which determines the meaning(s) which readers of the
translation will read.
a. The reseacher
b. The writer
c. The translator Câu trả lời đúng
d. The teacher
21. ……………sits next to or behind his "client" doing a great variety of
activities under different names: “community interpreting", "public
service interpreting", "hospital interpreting", "mental health interpreting"
and "social service interpreting"
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a. The translator
b. The interpreter Câu trả lời đúng
c. The analyst
d. The operator
22. The language of translation is perceived from the translated text,
…………………….the translator's interpretations, the translator's

strategies and the translator's abilities.
a. Understanding
b. reflecting Câu trả lời đúng
c. practising
d. Interacting
23. The source text is the text which has been chosen for translation. The
translator cannot, without a good reason, change any………………..
a. Meaning of the text
b. part of the source text. Câu trả lời đúng
c. Topic of the text
d. Element of the text
24. This means that the translator has, ………………….the pressure of
deadlines, more time than the interpreter (especially the simultaneous
interpreter) to process the source text thoroughly .
a. In spite
b. though
c. although
d. Despite Câu trả lời đúng
25. The translator is supposed to be beyond the influences of the social and
…………. environment of any of the two languages.
a. Cultivation
b. Culture
c. Cultivate
d. Cultural Câu trả lời đúng
26. To have interpretation as precise as possible, they should make regular
shorter breaks to enable the interpreters …………………….the message in
the same spirit.
a. To justify
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b. To change
c. to relay Câu trả lời đúng
d. To reproduce
27. The readers to whom the ………………….. text is addressed are native
or non-native users of the target language.
a. Translate
b. translating
c. translation
d. Translated Câu trả lời đúng
28. The translated text is the actual definite material, …………has been
produced by conveying the meaning of a source text in terms of another
language and culture.
a. What
b. When
c. Which Câu trả lời đúng
d. Where
29. The translator is ………… …………………………….element in
translation, since the study of translation and the language of translation is
no more than the study of the translator's linguistic ability
a. the most important Câu trả lời đúng
b. The only
c. an unimportant
d. A small
30. For simultaneous interpretation, microphones, earphones and a booth
are necessary ……………….
a. Electrical devices
b. technical equipment. Câu trả lời đúng
c. Machines
d. Domestic tools

31. The translator's judgments, strategies and manipulations ………………
all potentially exist in the translator's interpretation of the source text and
the formulation of the translated text which is governed by the target
language.
a. Does
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b. Done
c. Do Câu trả lời đúng
d. Did
32. There is some unusuality or ……………………. in the target language.
a. Natural
b. Nature
c. Unnaturalness Câu trả lời đúng
d. unnatural
33. Adaptation is a highly free type of translation. Here the focus is on
socio-cultural phenomena or ………………that are absent in the target
culture.
a. practices Câu trả lời đúng
b. Drillings
c. Trainings
d. Works
34. The meaning of words are translated almost as ……………… as those
in the target language without paying attention to the situation or context
a. closely Câu trả lời đúng
b. close
c. Closeness
d. Closing
35. The number of words and the sentence length may vary, depending on

the ……………….……………… of the translator when he/she adds
explanations or comments to make clear the meaning of the original.
a. Subjectivity Câu trả lời đúng
b. Object
c. Subject
d. Complement
36. ……………is featured by the fact that grammatical structures and the
meaning of words are translated almost as closely as those in the target
language without paying attention to the situation or context .
a. Semantic translation
b. Communicative translation

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c. Faithful translation
d. Literal translation Câu trả lời đúng
37. In the history of translation development there have been a great
number of terms: literal, free, literary, non-literary, borrowing,
equivalence, figurative, so on …………………….
a. And so hot
b. and so forth. Câu trả lời đúng
c. And so far
d. And so long
38. Faithful translation can be described as one kind of translation which
tries ……………………..………… of words and context situation
according to the grammar rules of the target language.
a. to convey the meanings Câu trả lời đúng
b. To change the meanings
c. To find out the menaings

d. To create the meanings
39. A text could be translated into anything, ranging from one sentence to
usually one third of the original length, depending ………………………
a. with specific situations.
b. Of specific situations.
c. for specific situations.
d. on specific situations. Câu trả lời đúng
40. It is also very useful for the translator to understand and analyze the
original text before ………….………………….. it into the target language.
a. translating Câu trả lời đúng
b. Exchanging
c. Turning
d. Changing
41. The classifications of translation types are many according to different
points of view, based on either structure, function, or ………….
a. Meaningfulness
b. Meaning
c. Meanings

8


d. semantics of language. Câu trả lời đúng
42. The sentence is structurally made up of a group of words which has
subject and ……………………..as indispensible elements; the complement,
object and adverbial are optional:
a. verb patterns
b. Verb phrase
c. Verb form
d. verb predicate Câu trả lời đúng

43. In some cases a prepositional phrase at the beginning of the English
sentence may ……………… that it is the subject of the sentence:
a. make the translator feel confusing
b. make the translator misunderstand Câu trả lời đúng
c. make the translator get confusing
d. make the translator understand
44. As for noun phrases (NP), the noun (common noun: love, proper noun:
Mai, and pronoun: you) is ………of the phrase.
a. Head Câu trả lời đúng
b. Arm
c. Leg
d. Hand
45. In English, the …………….. phrase can be used after a verb, an
adjective, or a noun and depend on them.
a. prepositions
b. prepositionally
c. Prepositional Câu trả lời đúng
d. preposition
46. Translators should use procedures of tranposition to render from the
Source Language texts ………….. as to suit the Target Language grammar
rules.
a. in several ways
b. in such a way
c. in many ways
d. in such ways Câu trả lời đúng

9


47. Syntactical forms which …………. used to express grammatical

meanings of the verb in English sentences are obligatory,
a. Has been
b. are Câu trả lời đúng
c. Is
d. been
48. The translator should remember …..……. the zero article with plural
count nouns in English to mean generally
a. to use Câu trả lời đúng
b. Use
c. Using
d. Usage
49. ………..in the English sentence is usually a noun phrase, pronouns,
proper names, to-infinitives, gerunds, or clauses
a. The subject Câu trả lời đúng
b. The predicate
c. The clause
d. The adverb
50. As can be seen from above, the English sentence is mechanically
indicated by means of a period/stop (.), a question mark (?) or an
exclamation mark (!) - never by a comma (,) -……………………..
a. at the beginning in writing
b. at the end in writing Câu trả lời đúng
c. by the end in writing
d. In the middle in writing
51. In English-Vietnamese translation of the predicate verb, the meanings
of time and aspect can ……………………to such words as đã, sẽ, sắp,
đang...
a. Suitable
b. Correspond Câu trả lời đúng
c. Respond

d. Go

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CÁC CÂU BỔ SUNG

ĐÁP ÁN

LTTN1
Translation should ensure that the ..... meaning of
the two will be approximately similar.
It is a structural part of language which is actually
seen in print or heard in ..........
At the beginning of the 1970s, the focus shifted
from the word or phrase …………..the text as a unit
of translation.
Translation theory includes ……….for translating
figurative language, dealing with lexical
mismatches, rhetorical questions, inclusion of
cohesion markers, and many other topics crucial to
good translation.
Translation, by dictionary definition, consists of
changing from one state or form to another, to turn
into ………………or another’s language.
Translating may be defined as the process of
……………………signs or representations into
other signs or representations.
The source-language content, form, style, function,
etc. must be preserved, or at least that the translation

must seek …….......them as far as possible.
In ……….the form of the source language is
replaced by the form of the receptor/target
language.
The translator must strive for equivalence rather
than identity. In a sense this is just another way of
emphasizing …………....…rather than the
conservation of the form of the utterance
The theory of translation involves normative
approaches, putting a strong emphasis on
prescribing to translators how to and ……………
to translate means “……………... a text in a target
setting for a target purpose and target addressees in
target circumstances".
The choice of the right word in the receptor
language to translate a word in the source-language
text depends more …………than upon a fixed
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surface
speech
To

Principles

one’s own

Transforming

to preserve

Translation

the reproduction of the
message

how not to translate.

to produce

on the context


system of verbal consistency.
Translation Studies, indeed a discipline in its own
to produce a
right, aims ………………………….which can be
comprehensive theory
used as a guideline for the production of
translations.
Translation has become popular in language
definitions
learning and daily life. So far, there have been many
…….. of translation,
The linguistic approaches basically ……………..
Saw
translating as a code-switching operation.
The translator discovers the meaning behind the
in the target language
forms in the source language and does his best to

produce the same meaning ……….
The predominant purpose of theories of translation
to express as exactly as
is ………….… of every word and phrase in the
possible the full force and
original.
meaning
Translation may be defined as follows: the
equivalent material
replacement of textual material in one language
(Source Ianguage.) by …………………. in another
language (Target Language).
Translation is the expression in another language
semantic and stylistic
(target language) of what has been expressed in one
equivalencies.
language (source language),
preserving………………
LTTN2
The language of translation is ………………. from
Perceived
the translated text, reflecting the translator's
interpretations, the translator's strategies and the
translator's abilities.
A consecutive interpreter is one whose job is to
has been said
change what ……….in one language into another
language.
………to whom the translated text is addressed are
The readers

native or non-native users of the target language.
The target language is the language into which
a text
………………from another language is translated.
…………. is the language to which the text to be
The source language
translated belongs. In other words, the source
language is prior to translation.
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In addition…………..the changes resulting from the
movement from one language to another, translation
necessarily changes the receiver or addressee of the
text.
compared with ……………text, the target language
translated text may be so long, longer, or even
shorter and may have new features which may not
be found in the source language.
The translator is unable to change any aspect of the
source language. Rather, many aspects of the
translator's work are conditioned and determined
by………
whereas the interpreter is faced with a unique, orally
delivered text, the translator has
……………………of "flicking back" through the
permanently available written text.
The source language, as has been seen earlier, is not
only the very central and initial point for the
…………….of the translation process but also is

the background for all translation processes.
During preparations for
simultaneous………………….., the interpreters’
booth, if not fixed, should be positioned so that the
interpreters can see the speakers.
A simultaneous translator changes what
……………………in one language into another
language as someone is speaking.
If the source text is taken to be the starting point of
the translation process, then the translated text is the
text which results from ………
The producer of the final interpretation
…………………… determines the meaning(s)
which readers of the translation will read.
A Vietnamese-English translated text should follow
the language rules……………. social-cultural
features of the English - not Vietnamese - language
and vice versa.
Today, roughly speaking, three ………………….of
interpreting are practiced: liaison, consecutive and
simultaneous interpreting.
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To

the source language

the source language.

the possibility

Start

Interpretation

is being said

the translation process.

Which

and

Forms


Typically, two interpreters are placed together in a
booth, and they follow an audio-transmission of
speeches and ………
The translator, like the linguist who …………..all
human languages to be on an equal footing, is
among the first candidate to be liberated from the
dominance of one language/culture
The translated text is the actual definite material,
which has been produced by ……………………..of
a source text in terms of another language and
culture.
The presentation here is conducted in a systematic
manner with ………………….. restricted
interactivity and closeness and much faster than

consecutive interpretation.
Mastery of the source language is a …………….for
the translator, since this mastery is the key to his/her
readings and interpretations of the text to be
translated.
The translator has to think over his/her translation to
suit a reader according to the reader’s social norms
in the target language, so the language of translation
is …………
LTTN3
……………is featured by the fact that grammatical
structures and the meaning of words are translated
almost as closely as those in the target language
without paying attention to the situation or context .
In other words, adaptation translation aims to create
an equivalence of the same value
……………………. to a different situation.
As indicated by the word “free”, free translation
(sometimes dynamic translation) focuses more
……...than form in the target language
Communicative translation gives high priority to the
message communicated in the text where the actual
form of the original is not closely bound to ………
Gist translation can be used in language learning
situations (using the same language) ………at a
written test
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interpret them directly.

takes

conveying the meaning

Somewhat

Must

social

Literal translation

Applicable

on content

its intended meaning

to summarize a written


…………… translation (or sometimes
direct/interlinear translation) focuses on translating
words from the source text into the target language
while the word order of the original is preserved.
Different strategies or different methods of
translation produce ………………. kinds of
translation.
when meeting for the first time,
…………………………..when introduced to a

guest, English people often say: How do you do? as
a greeting
In this situation the translator’s task is recreate some
form of language ………………………. the same
meaning.
Adaptation can also be considered a translation
technique used when the context in the original text
……..…… in the Target Text culture.
“business is business” could be translated
…………... as
…………….is based on the meaning of the text
which aims to produce the message of the original
but tends to distort nuances of meaning by using
idioms and colloquialism where there do n ot exist
in the original.
………..is characterized by keeping the main
idea/gist of a text, omitting all of its supporting
details and subsidiary arguments.
The translator tries to come as close as possible to
the meaning conveyed by the words, by means of
word order change or word choice so that the true
meaning is……………
A text could be translated into anything, ranging
from one sentence to usually one third of the
…………………length, depending on specific
situations.
It goes without saying that all the types of
translation mentioned above may …………..
justified in particular circumstances.

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text
Word for word

Different

Especially

to convey

does not exist

Freely
Idiomatic translation

Gist translation

conveyed.

original

be


Literal force is of course inevitably lost in these
cases and the best that can be achieved is ……....to
the pragmatic function of the TL cultural reference
or practice.
The meaning of words are translated almost as

……………… as those in the target language
without paying attention to the situation or context
Idiomatic translation can be applied to the English
sentence that describes the degree of the sameness
of the two girls’ appearance “ They look …………..
the same”
Adaptation translation aims to create an equivalence
of ………. applicable to a different situation than
that of the source language.
Sometimes the grammar structure or the form of the
words in the target language may ………………
In English, the negation of the verb in the first
clause stands for ………….in the following clause.
Semantic translation focuses to a great degree on
……………..and form (syntax) of the original texts
of high status
It is also very useful for the translator
……………………and analyze the original text
before translating it into the target language.
LTTN4
Concept is used in this section to refer not to the
form (word) but only ……… the meaning in any
given language.
However, grammatical words in general and articles
and prepositions in ………………..might cause
headache to translators.
...............meaning is also referred to as conceptual,
cognitive or propositional meaning, but the sense is
the same.
It is clear that words are ……..….of by morphemes.

For example, the word “book” has one morpheme
and “book-s” two morphemes
Connotation is subjective by the language users, and
can be influenced by ……………
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by means of faithfulness

closely

Exactly

the same value

change
the negation of the verb
meaning (semantic
content)
to understand

To

particular

denotative

made up

many factors

Translators should use procedures of tranposition to
render from the Source Language texts ………..as
to suit the Target Language grammar rules.
The classification of words in Vietnamese does not
seem to be so distinctive: word classes do not have
their typical forms, their forms never change in the
sentence.
English prepositions are usually single words in, at,
on...; …………, there are some prepositions that
look like a phrase, phasal prepositions: because of,
in spite of...
The …………………………….in the English
sentence usually stands right after the subject,
giving information about the subject.
The translator should try ………..in the text those
differences (usually by underlining) both in
linguistic and cultural aspects between the source
and target language
There is any place where information has been
added, omitted, or subtracted
Certain strategies ………………… those
differences; for example, certain expressions or key
terms in their text-to-be need to be selected.
If any key words are …………….., the text will
need to be checked carefully for consistency in the
change made.
Once the translation is completed, the translator
should revise it, rarely fewer than three times and,
………….., with a time lapse (after hours or even

days) between revisions.
Translators should define both subject and verb
predicate at …………….. time if they want to
translate a sentence.
There is no article in Vietnamsese whereas the
………….of article: indefinite articles a, an, definite
article the, or zero article is a must in English noun
phrases.
Coordinating conjuctions are only in mid-position
whereas ………………………conjunctions can be
in initial or mid-position in the sentence.
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Head

classification

However

verb predicate

to find

subtracted
to deal with

Changed

when possible

the same

Use

subordinating


A sentence is a group of words conveying a
complete idea which normally contain a subject and
a verb predicate .....
As can be seen from above, the English sentence is
mechanically indicated by means of a period/stop
(.), a question mark (?), or an exclamation mark (!),
- never by a comal (,) - ...............
It is ………………..that in an English sentence the
predicate verb (V) be in finite forms, the predicate
agreeing with the subject in person and number
He or she reformulates the translation according to
the grammar rules, …………….., cultural norms in
the target language.
Every text has a set of words which ………… to the
content and correct communication of the theme.
KTTN1+2
In word formation, morphemes which occur at the
front of a word are called ....
In word formation, morphemes which occur at the
end of a word are called………………
English vocabulary mostly consists in single word,
but ....... of multilword vocabulary is not small.
While the source text is addressed to a certain

…………………, the translated text changes this
factor in the situation of the language event to new
readers in a new language.
Meaning components are ‘packaged’ differently in
one language from another. That is why the
translator needs …………… to analyze the lexical
items (words) of the source text in order to translate
them.
literal meaning is direct, denoting what words mean
according to ……………………….., figurative
meaning is indirect, connoting/implying some
information
There will be words which …………….some of the
meaning components combined in them matching a
word which has these components with some
additional ones.

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in "finite" forms.

at the end in writing

Obligatory

word usage

are crucial

prefixes

Suffixes
the amount
Readership

to be able

dictionary usage

have


Semantically, the meaning of a word includes a
number of meaning components classified as things,
events, attributes or relations which are combined
………………lexical items.
It may then be possible to translate with a word in
the receptor language which is ………………… the
central concept and use a phrase to add a further
definition.
When a word has one morpheme, the morpheme
belongs to the ……………….. category girl, house,
do... which cannot be divided into smaller
meaningful units.
There are some word classes that are only typical in
certain languages, so the number of word classes in
all languages is not similar and their ………are not
the same.
Polysemes can be compared with homonyms, which
are words with several …………………meanings
Vietnamese is a ………….language. Vietnamese

words do not change their forms.
LTTH
Things are defined as all animate beings and all
inanimate entities. Events include all actions,
processes, ……….. experiences.
The translator must guard against trying to match
………………….. from language to language, since
each language has its own system for arranging
concepts into different parts of speech.
Translators have to make sure that they
………………….a text well in the original
language
“How” refers to whether the text is written in a
formal or …………way which is influenced by the
content of the original text, by the situation of
context
The translator also has to solve, ……………….,
matters involving text adjustments in terms of
additions, omissions and adaptations.
It can be said that language cannot exist without

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into

equivalent to

Free/root

Syntactic functions

Unrelated
non-inflectional

And

parts of speech

understand

Informal

in mind

categorization


words. Word …………………………….is the
reflection of human perception of the world.
The sentence is structurally made up of a group of
words which has subject and
……………………..as indispensible elements; the
complement, object and adverbial are optional:
Verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions,
interjections, prepositions, articles and pronouns are
called parts of …………………
there is a skewing between the semantic
classification …………… the grammatical
classification. Some words are made up of more
than one concept.

The translators should read the text several times,
then if possible read other materials that may help in
understanding the culture or language of the
…………
The translator should examine his reasons for
choosing the text and the potential for its use by the
……………………………………….audience.
Since figurative language is not intended to be
interpreted in a literal sense, in …………………
figurative language, translators should make use of
comparison between different things
However, grammatical words in general and articles
and prepositions in ………………..might cause
headache to translators.
Translators should define proper verbs of English to
go with the subject, either …………………….: be,
get, become... or action/dynamic verbs run, work...
to follow the subject.
Translator need revise the draft on the basis of the
feedback received from those people who may have
suggested many…………………., changes,
additions or omissions with the translator.
The stage of editing the translated text which
……………. the form of a careful last-minute
checking and correcting of possible mistakes or
other inaccuracies is implemented in most cases of
translation.
20

verb predicate

Speech

And

source text

Receptor language

Translating

particular

linking/static verbs

Rewordings

takes


Faced by a text in a language, as student translators,
you should analyze the text by asking and
…………………………….several questions.
Translation is rendering a written text into another
language in a way that the …………….. intended
the text.
In Vietnamese, words that correspond to both
lexical …………………. grammatical words in
English are numerous.
The first step in the analysis of words is to

determine whether the word is referring primarily to
a thing concept,…………….. event concept, an
attribute concept, or a relation concept.
………...should be aware of the concepts muliwords convey and the rules how to make and write
compound words in English.
The translator begins drafting the translation piece
by piece, section …………………………by using
the lexis and structures
If any key words are changed, the text will need to
be checked carefully for consistency in the
change……………….
Remember that all of our verbalizing must be done
in the target language now. We must
………………..between alternatives and produce a
text that is sequentially complete.
Translators should rely on the context to select the
right word; in ………………about which word to
be used, they could consult a dictionary of
synonyms and antonyms or any thesaurus for help.
Figurative meaning is based on or makes use of
figures of ……............such as metaphor (an implied
comparison between two things with the same
characteristic.
When analyzing the text for translation
……………… the first time, the translator needs to
find answers to these questions:

21

Answering

Author

And

an

Translators

by section

made

Choose

case of doubt

Speech

for