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Câu 1.
Dockside Green
The green movement is catching on in many pockets of the world. This is especially true in the
construction industry. Today's buzz words, which include global warming and zero emissions, are causing
everyday people (not just celebrities) to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing an
environmentally-friendly home is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own health
and the well-being of our planet. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-communities, are
being designed with green initiatives in mind. One of these communities is Dockside Green in the
Canadian province of British Columbia. Its goal is to become the world's first zero-emission
neighbourhood.
Dockside Green is a mostly self-sufficient community along the harbour front of Victoria, the
capital city of British Columbia. The community is home to around 2,500 people and includes residential,
office, and retail space. It includes a variety of environmental features, some of which are unprecedented.
The planners and builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice
they make. They ensure proper ventilation and guarantee residents clean air indoors. Interior and exterior
building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-toxic. One of these is bamboo which is
used because it's very durable and can be grown without the use of dangerous pesticides.
Energy efficiency is one of the top priorities in eco-communities like Dockside Green. Not only
do energy-efficient appliances and light fixtures reduce the environmental impact of heating, cooking and
lighting, they also save residents money. Dockside Green claims that home owners use 55% less energy
than the average Canadian. Though many residents are sharing space by investing in condo-style living,
they have their own individual utility metres for electricity and gas. Studies show that people use around
20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use.
Eco-communities also take the future into account by recycling waste and reducing carbon

emissions. At Dockside Green, waste water is treated and reused on-site for flushing toilets, and a
biomass gas plant converts waste wood into a renewable form of gas for hot water systems, stoves and
gas heaters. The community also reduces carbon emissions by using local suppliers for all their transport
and maintenance needs, and residents are encouraged to use a mini transit system and join the
community's car share program.
The first two stages of development at Dockside Green were completed in 2011, and additional
plans to increase sustainability are in the works. Similar green communities are now found all over the
world, especially smaller ones known as ecovillages or "intentional communities". Most have 50 to 150
residents, all of whom are trying to reduce their carbon footprints and create a model for sustainable
living in the future.
Question 1. You can reduce your carbon footprint by _______ less.
A. walking
B. driving
C. talking
Question 2. By reducing your carbon footprint, you are helping to _____ the problem of global warming.
A. create
B. worsen
C. solve
Question 3. Which aimed to become one of the world's first zero-emission neighbourhoods?
A. British Columbia
B. Victoria
C. Dockside Green
Question 4. People live in eco-communities because they're concerned about _______ issues.
A. environmental
B. buzz word
C. investment
Question 5. The builders of Dockside Green only used non-toxic _________.
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A. residents
B. building materials
C. bamboo
Question 6. Which can save you money?
A. environmental impacts
B. energy-efficient appliancesC. higher energy prices
Question 7. What's used to flush toilets at Dockside Green?
A. toxic waste
B. carbon emissions
C. treated waste water
Question 8. What does the biomass plant at Dockside Green produce?
A. gas
B. electricity
C. stoves and heaters
Question 9. Smaller eco-communities are sometimes called ecovillages or _______ communities.
A. inefficient
B. intentional
C. international
Question 10. Who would be most likely to support the development of eco-communities?
A. climate scientists
B. fossil fuel companies
C. coal mining investors
Câu 2.
An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the

atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air
pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution
laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that
could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As
technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list
of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapour might be considered an air pollutant
under certain conditions.
Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen
oxides, are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by
various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. Theseserve as an air
purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global
basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.
However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region,
human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the
cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at
which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in
the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a
pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents
over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide
has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level.
Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level
reaches about 15 ppm.
Question 11: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The economic impact of air pollution.
B. What constitutes an air pollutant.
C. How much harm air pollutants can cause.
D. The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere.
Question 12: The word “adversely” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.
A. negatively
B. quickly

C. admittedly
D. considerably
Question 13: It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _____.
A. water vapour is an air pollutant in localized areas
B. most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled
C. the definition of air pollution will continue to change
D. a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities
Question 14: The word “These” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.
A. the various chemical reactions
B. the pollutants from the developing Earth
C. the compounds moved to the water or soil
D. the components in biogeochemical cycles
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Question 15: For which of the following reasons can natural pollutants play an important role in
controlling air pollution?
A. They function as part of a purification process.
B. They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants.
C. They are less harmful to living beings than other pollutants.
D. They have existed since the Earth developed.
Question 16: According to the passage, human-generated air pollution in localized regions _____.
A. can be dwarfed by nature's output of pollutants
B. can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants

C. will damage areas outside of the localized regions
D. will react harmfully with natural pollutants
Question 17: The word “localized” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.
A. specified
B. circled
C. surrounded
D. encircled
Question 18: According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is
only useful if _____.
A. the other substances in the area are known
B. it is in a localized area
C. the natural level is also known
D. it can be calculated quickly
Question 19: The word “detectable” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.
A. beneficial
B. special
C. measurable
D. separable
Question 20: Which of the following is best supported by the passage?
A. To effectively control pollution, local government should regularly review their air pollution laws.
B. One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws.
C. Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants.
D. Human activities have been effective in reducing air pollution.
Câu 3.
Tropical rainforests are being destroyed and badly degraded at an unsustainable rate. Some
scientists estimate that in the early 1990s tropical forests were being destroyed at a rate of approximately
28 hectares a minute, or about 14 million hectares each year – an area about the size of the state of
Wisconsin. This figure marked a decrease since the 1980s, when approximately 16 million hectares were
destroyed each year, largely due to a reported decline of deforestation in the Amazon River Basin in the
early 1990s. However, satellite images indicate that rates may have rebounded in the late 1990s as

burning in the Amazon increased again. Over the past three decades alone, about 5 million square
kilometers – or 20 percent of the world's tropical forests – have been cleared. During this time,
deforestation in tropical Asia reached almost 30 percent. High rates of deforestation are inevitably
followed by alarming rates of plant and animal extinction because many rainforest species cannot survive
outside their pristine rainforest habitat. Some scientists estimate that dozens of rainforest species are
becoming extinct every day.
Causes of deforestation vary from location to location, but certain patterns tend to be consistent
across all forests. Logging companies in search of valuable rainforest hardwoods, or, less often, oil
companies in search of petroleum, are often the first to enter a remote area of rainforest. Some logged
forests, if left alone, can regenerate in a few decades. But typically, they are not left alone – the roads
built by logging companies often provide access for landless farmers to enter a new area, as well as a
means to transport agricultural crops to market. For every 1 kilometer of new roads built through a
forested area, 4 to 24 square kilometers are deforested and colonized.
Once the loggers leave the land, a typical cycle of destruction ensues. When the landless farmers
arrive, they clear the land for planting. Poor rainforest soils produce a low crop yield, especially after a
couple of years. At that point, the farmers often sell their lands to cattle ranchers or large plantation
owners. After nutrients have been exhausted and soils compacted by cattle, lands are then abandoned and
often laid to waste. Rainforest does not readily regenerate on these landswithout human intervention.
Meanwhile, the colonist farmers and cattle ranchers move to a new piece of land made accessible by
logging roads, where the cycle of deforestation begins again.
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Question 21. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Typical patterns of extinction of rainforest species
B. Causes and effects of rainforest destruction
C. The rate of rainforest destruction in the Amazon
D. The size of tropical rainforest loss
Question 22. According to paragraph 1, which of the following about the rate of rainforest destruction is
TRUE?
A. It was greater in the early 1990s than in the 1980s.
B. It was the same in the early 1990s as in the 1980s.
C. It was greater in the 1980s than in the early 1990s.
D. It kept increasing from the 1980s to the 1990s.
Question 23. The word "rebounded" in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by ______.
A. fallen again
B. gone up and down
C. risen again
D. remained unchanged
Question 24. Which of the following can result from the loss of tropical rainforests?
A. The increase in the rainforest habitat
B. The disappearance of landless farmers
C. The disappearance of many rainforest species
D. The decrease in wasted lands
Question 25. According to the passage, what is the most common cause of deforestation in different
regions?
A. The search for new farm lands
B. The search for valuable woods
C. The search for rare animals
D. The search for oil
Question 26. The word "regenerate" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. repeat
B. refine
C. recover

D. renew
Question 27. The phrase "these lands" in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A. lands sold and colonized
B. lands abandoned and wasted
C. lands for planting
D. lands for raising cattle
Question 28. What can be inferred about rainforests from the passage?
A. The cycle of rainforest destruction will come to an end.
B. Human beings are the main contributor to deforestation in tropical regions.
C. Rainforest destruction can be reduced with the help of cattle ranchers.
D. Most tropical rainforests have been sold to plantation owners.

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