HỆ GIÁC QUAN

HỆ GIÁC QUAN
ĐẠI CƯƠNG:

 !"#$"%&'
%!())* !"#%%!+,-!
&%.+/0
123-4
- 56''78+!())&!
9-0
- 56':;<=!9-0
- 56'>)?@A<!9&0
56''+&%B!2$C'D
)),DE)'F>G.
&H'9G:'))
+/$"$+000I056''%-'JD
F(-(6FK7&%B!*+/
E7&&<!" +&7&-I0L76'
'*#'))*#EM$N$OI&76
''EF"&87PI0LQ76''
REO$INS'))+&90
T!"U4
 Bộ phận nhận cảm ngoại thểEM#MMI'!9*
7,&!:$$V$U$+!W0
 Bộ phận nhận cảm bản thể EMI'!97
!?&0
 Bộ phận nhận cảm nội thể EMMI'!9?
!/&/0
56''D:!%K%90T
-DF(-B%!(77?+ +,0XK
.&H$N,6FK7&'%B7$&V
N76''9S9./0L676',%'

))*7,&0
Y,=N+&Z+/4
- [4'=F"$+/$%%$+0
- L<,74.$H$H$)
&87P0
A Thính giác :
L>))D!"376'476'/7,$76
':;<=&76'!0
1.Bộ phận ngoại biên:
56'/7,D>))3-+&&$
$0
a.Tai ngoài: \%H!&'>$9/
&&K&0
• ]&4^&\%H!>0]&%!(9
/7? F\%&$:7)$="&9
:\'>*)0_):!D&+&
E:I0
• `&4^&K$:&Z$ab3?
)&K9/7PF\$:D-KF\=
+ &<"0c<"9%B7&&
:\:d0X-DK7H)7?&e0
1&e%!")af$+@&/&K
e0
• `.8:;<=>*&&
$%"7&e9!:
%6D))7,&><$%7
%6?Z)D&e <%g
b.Tai giữa : P#D#!:!0c
\<=&%/F>&0_),8
&7?&e$7?O7-:\&O

0h&e&OFg7-:\K3#!+&#!
7S$#!%M$#!7&%/0
 i!7S7S:)+F\,&e0
 i!7&%/VOFg7-:\?&=%N0
 i!%MK#!7S&#!7&%/0
 5#!/&6K%7d<+&>%!(
%/+,<=%0jK#!$
>Fk%!(8+,9Zf+-0
 K#!.87:8<
%6%<%gH)!"%6D>+0
 T&K#!$l+&\
7\)016V&#!7S$
V&#!7&%/0
 m))>n:&$!"%6D>
+$&<Fk:A6#/0"%:%6D
&e&D#!o$+D><=
%KUM0
 _):!#e%!( U-7P6K+&
p#EqFMI05N!"+2 &U-7H7)
)0mF9 )<%g$+2 ?%>7P
F9Z)D&e
c.Tai trong : \')87P$
<=))%=)?A760c9/
./-4T&+&,+6#!$+&,+6&0
h,+6#!&,+6&.%-</:H0c,+6
&.%-<6:H0
• 1,+6#!4 h=%N$K7<,&K0
• _-=%NP?)F$,K$:!&7
<,0c,&S$S7-:\ 3K
7<,SN- K#!0c=

%N7&87P&/%
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%6&87P0
• _-K7<,3KP?3Bo
 0
• _-K#!+&6K#!#V KZ$r
$6%- =%N$6%-7H)?%C0
• 1,+6&4  hZ&/<+,+6#!0
• 1&,+&&=%N$&:!+&&F?
Zs0fffF(:><8$&)%&0_)
7,,&0c,&F?
Lt+&'))>0
* Cơ quan coocti:
 57&%&7&PM
0
 c/-D6KN
+&%!"-$/<:MK%!(/
&*7&%$&67,&67,
&0XCD6&<Fk/&%/&
0
 5,7&)0_)7,
&+&7B7K+7&)&+ J
7&%0
 1/+!F(-77&+ %A
7S&7&D>)
)0LF(+ D7&&<Fk+F>&
6:HK&0_),D
&016%-&K/7,D7
#!#V$%-+/:6:H0
 T!"9<PgFK7&\)?

!"Z30rff7&)$%!(&r
:A</<:,&F?$s:A<&$2:A<
r0fff7&&6:A<30rff
7&0
 L7&?%><!W))9F:A<
0L)Nu'<&M%!(>E/I$
lE<I0c!"M%!(>
/ZftZf0fffv0
 Nội dịch và ngoại dịch4T/:H&-
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%6m
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9aff+-Fm
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2.Các đường dẫn truyền và các trung ương thần kinh :
 L))>><!97&+ 
D$/#%6-<=
VD7&-)P/
0
 LF(\D7&&<'(&:><-
)%&A&'J?/KP
-A$*%7V%-.D%!"
)0
 1676'+F(\D*/
&<7V7Vn?-AF7,%K:$%
&-D7YM+7,0
 1676'F(\%?7,>A$
-+F(&<'J/&B
/?-A0
 c*%><7&U%F(\%7YM+
7,%'J?KDABD
AF!:!0
 c*/&<\F(\&
&-D7%)?-
FD:!aDl7-%/A0
B. Thị giác :
L>)H376'476'\E-VI$76
':;<=-E-HI&76'!EA76I0
1. Bộ phận thụ cảm :
 56'\D>)H+&-V0
 L-VN-$:x!F0
 L9/76')+&4K&& !"
<=&S#/F$FK0
a. Hệ thống màng:

• Lớp xơ:+&+7A--+&/)
!&D/)F0
 h/FK$aby!A-0
 LD/+&VDV$)!/
MD0
• Lớp mạch:*F!7-+&&/$
&KV0
 1&/+&6&l?Zb3FDA-0L.
8)+&::!W$%"+&<.VK
:\+&&KA-0
 c+&-:&<+,D&/$K+=&/
KV0L:\%=9)0
 1KV+&%M0^&-!D+/$
N&8$PMBo$?!9)$
7">+&7"!$/6+2+&
!<%O01KV.,\
&:A%O01KV P
/&9)&-+&=PF
/!V&'PFKV
!9)0
• Lớp võng mạc : +&&J$+?OF-V$9
/./$af+7&-\F$#
&3-7&)$7&$7&
-$g.%0h+7&4
 c-7& 4+/7&0^/7&
&+/7&M0
• L7&N'D<?)&
+!/,%&0
• L7&NM'D<?7,0L&#
%&$7&&)0

• L7&&<\'F?
7!F0
 c-7&+!W 4+&\:;<=
&-0
 c-7&% 4a0L
F(\:&(+//&:><-H0
L2%D:><-H+&%J0
 ]@/ZJ%B7+&%J&%&0
wXJ+&%D:><-H$&/$
 7&0
wX&%Js=)>V$+&J
N@9$9=7&N0
wc/->$%&:-/&6%
+@#K+&K>.&7&N0
 L7&NM>7K,&76@/$/*%
&$%7'F &0
 L7&N'F&0K>-
!C7&N$9/<F&0
 L7&NM&N+,7&-H
P<@/0
 c/K>$27&N+,a7&-
a7&+!W0
 c/-D@/$FK+(7&NM&
N+=F7&+!W0
 5>7&+!WFK+!(+9
=+-F7&-/0j7&<&
8K>D@/8+,0[%
6F(-Fk+,&\B&87&
0
b. Môi trường truyền và khúc xạ ánh sáng, chi=t quang trong su@t:

c*F!z$9)&z:H0
Thể thủy tinh:+&6K9M$FK$.%-<sbrF
)A-0c\DD<6K$+&KD<$