Chống biến đổi khí hậu: Cần nhiều hơn những nỗ lực toàn cầu

The gidri: Van de - Sy kign

CAN

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CHdNG BliN i>6l KHI HAU:
NHliU HON NHVNG N 6 LVC TOAN CAU
NGUYEN THU PHU'ONG *

A'iaiw 2016 da M vdo lich su khi tugng thi gidi khi trd thdnh ndm ndng
nhat ki tir khi cdc chuyin gia bdt ddu thu thdp vd ghi chip du lipu vi nhiet
dp trung binh cua Trdi dot vdo ndm 1880. Bdy cdng Id ndm thu ba liin tiip
nhiit dp trung binh cua Trdi ddt dgt mirc eao ky lgc. Viic cam kit cdt gidm
lugng khi thdi gay "hiiu irng nhd kinh " cua cdc nude trin thi gidi la chua
du, can nhiiu han nira nhirng nd Ifrc todn cdu de day liti nhirng tdc hgi
khdn ludng tir biin ddi khi hgu, mang din mdi trudng sdng an todn cho con
ngirdi trin khdp hdnh tinh.

Nam hanh dong cua cac thoa thu^n
bao ve moi trvong

Ndu nhu ndm 2015 ghi ddu dn vdi vifc
gin 200 quoc gia nhdt tri tham gia Hifp djnh
Thd gidi dangtiingngdy edm nhdn nhiing Pa-ri, thi ndm 2016 duge nhin nhdn la ndm
hidm hga md bidn ddi khi hdu gdy ra, hidu thatih cdngfrongvifc thiic day hifn thye hda
rang can hdnh ddng manh me dd bdo vd mdi Hifp djnh Pa-ri ciing nhidu thda thudn khdc.
nha chung eua mmh. Cung ed quydt tdm, Idm Thu ky didu hdnh Cdng udc khtmg cua Lidn
nhiing didu ma khoa hge ydu eiu, nim liy ca hgp qude vd bidn ddi khi hau (UNFCC), ba
hgi dd xdy dyng mdt thd gidi an toan ban va Pa-ri-xi-a Et-xpi-nd-xa nhdn xet, cdc nude
ben vung hon cho tit cd mgi ngudi Id nhimg da phdi mdt ddn 20 ndm dd hoan thanh cac

muctiduquanfrgnghifn nay. Trong mgt thdp dieu khodn frong Hifp djnh Pa-ri, song ehi
nidn qua,frdntodntiidgidi da hinh thanh "hdn mit chua ddy mdt nam, van kifn nay dd cd
minh todn cdu rgng Idn", bao gdm cdc chuih hidu lyc. Ddy chitih Id bdng chiing thd hifn
phli, edc nha khoa hgc, gidi doanh nghifp, cdc rd quydt tdm ciia cdng ddng qude td bdo vf
nhd boat ddng xa hdi,... dd ciing hanh ddng "mau xanh" ciia Trai ddt.
bdo vf mdi tradng. Nam 2016 duge coi la
Tidp ndi tinh than frach nhifm cao frong
nam hanh ddng ehdng lai tinh frang bidn ddi nd lyc tridn khai Hifp djnh Pa-ri mdt cdch
khi hdu khi Hifp djnh vd chdng bidn ddi khi thidt thyc nhat, tai Hdi nghj Ian thii 22 cac
hdu, hay cdn ggi Hiep djnh Pa-ri duge thdng bdn tham gia Cdng udc khung cua Lidn hgp
qua mdt nam trade do tai Pa-ri (Phap), chinh qude vd bidn ddi khi hdu (COP 22) duge td
thiie cd hidu lyc ngay 4-11-2016. Vdi van kifn chiic d thanh phd Ma-ra-kdeb (Ma-rdc) thang
nay, khoang 200 nude bat diu thyc hidn edc 11-2016, Hdi nghi Ian thii nhat cdc bdn tham
kd hoach qude gia nham cat giam lugng phdt gia Hifp djnh Pa-ri (CAM 1) da duge trifu tap.
thdi khi gdy "hidu iing nhd kinh" theo cam kdt
da dd ra.
* ThS, Tap chi Cong san
So 894 (thang 4 nam 2017) 101


The gioi: Van de - S\f kifn
Ddy la bude di ddc bift ed y nghia, tao sy khdi
ddu vung chdc eho vifc thyc thi Hifp dinh.
Nhieu thda thudn vd chdng bien ddi khi hau
daraddifrongnam 2016 - mdt ndm ehuydn tii
ede cudc thdo ludn vd dam phan todn cdu vd
cdch thiie ddi phd vdi bidn ddi khi hdu thanh
nhung chuang tiinh hanh ddng cua ede chinh
phu, cdc dia phuang, ede edng ty, ede nghj vifn
vd cdc cdng dong bj dnh hudng. Sdng kidn Ddi

tdc ddng gdp qude gia tu quydt djnh (NDC)
do Ma-rdc vd Diie khdi xudng, vdi muc dich
hd frg ede qude gia dang phdt tridn tidp can
hifu qud kidn thiic ky thuat, ciiiig nhu hd trg
tai ehinh cin thidtfrongcuge chidn chong bidn
ddi khi hau, dd duge 42 qude gia ky ket ngay
15-11-2016. Sdng Iddn NDC Id mdt thdnh tyu
ldn, mdt thdng difp chmh trj quanfrgngguri tdi
cdng dong qude te va la budc ddutidnhudng
tdi thuctillHifp dinh Pa-ri. NDC duge coi la
"mdt cdng cy mdi de ehia sd kidn thiie vd su
dung ede ngudn lyc eho ede chuang trinh hanh
ddng khi hdu mdt cdch thieh hgp"
Ndm 2016 edn cho thdy nhiing hdnh ddng
cy thd ddi vdi cudc ehidn ehdng bidn ddi khi
hdu. Thdng 5-2016, nhdm cdc nude phdt tridn
hdng diu thd gidi G7 ldn diu tidn ddt ra thdi
ban chdm diit ede khodnfrgedp nhidn lifu hda
thach "khdng hidu qud"; ddng thdi kdu ggi cdc
nude cimg dat myctidunay vdo ndm 2025.
Mdt lyc lugng ddc nhifm qude td nhdm
ngdn chan cdc cii sdc thj tradng do tinh frang
ndng Idn toan cdu duge thdnh lap. Theo dd, lyc
lugng nay se ydu edu cdc cdng tyfrdnthd gidi
cdng khai each thiie xit ly cdc nguy co frong
kinh doanh do bidn ddi khi hdu, cung nhu dnh
hudng cua vifc eat gidm khi thdi. Ngodi ra,
mdt chidn djch toan edu thuydt phuc cdc nhd
ddu tu nittidnddu tu khdi cdc dy dn nhidn lifu
hda thach da duge xiic tidn, vdi sd lugng cdc

thd chd cam kdt tham gia dat tdi con sd 688,
vdi sdtidntiigid 5.200 ty USD*".
Thdng 10-2016, 191 qude gia frong Td
chirc Hang khdng Dan sy qude td (ICAO)
thdng nhdt kd hoach giam lugng cae-bon toan
1 0 2 S o 8 9 4 ( t h i n g 4 n a m 2017)

i^p chf cdwsff!!!
eiufrongngdnh van tdi hdng khdng. Cimg ^oi
thdi didm nay, 197 bentiiamgia Nghi djnh tiiu
Mdng-tre-an vd ede chit phd huy ting d-ddn
da ky kdt bdn siia ddi vd cdt gidm lugng phlohy-drieb ede-bon (HFC) mdt frong nhiing
loai khi gdy "hifu iing nhd kmh" manh nhdt vd
tang nhanh nhat duge sti dung chu ydu frong
cdng nghd Idm lanh.
Cdc qude gia dang phdt tridn eiing dua ra
cdc chuang trinh qude gia nhdm thieh iing vdi
cdc tdc ddng cua bien ddi khi hdu (thdi tiet
bit thudng, nude bidn ddng, bdng tan,...), vdi
sy hd frg 3 trifu USD eho mdi nude tii Quy
Khi hdu Xanh (GCF). Gidi doanh nghifp, cac
nhd diu tu, ehmh quydn cdc dia phuang cung
khdng dimg ngodi nhiing nd luc chung bdo vf
Trdi dit, nhu Lidn mmh Under2 - mgt cdu l^
bd gdm ede chinh quyen cdp vimg cam kdt eat
gidm it nhit 80% lugng khi thdi cua minh vdo
nam 2020 - da gia tdng sd thdnh vidn ciia minh
ldn 165, chiem 1/3 kinh td todn eiu'^'. Vd theo
Chuang trinh mue tidu dya vao khoa hgc, cd
ban 200 cdng tyfrdnthe gidi cam kdt xdc djnh

muc tieu cdt gidm khi thai phii hgp vdi myc
tidu chung cua thd gidi nhdm giii miic tang
nhift do d dudi muc 2 do C.
Bdn canh dd Id nhirng thdng tin ddng khich
If, eung ed them nhiing kdt qua nd lye eua thd
gidi frong ndm qua frong cudc ehidn chdng
bidn ddi khi hdu. Co quan Ndng lugng quoc te
(IAEA) da nang dy dodn mtic tang tradng nang
lugng tdi tao frong 5 nam tdi do sy hdu thuan
chinh sdch manh me d edc nude My, Trung
Qude, An Do va Md-hi-cd. Theo co quan nay,
nam 2015, ndng lugng tdi tao da vugt qua than
dd frd thanh ngudn ndng lugng duge su dung
(1) Th^ giai cin bi6n cac thoa thuan moi trudng
thanh hanh dgng,
ngay 30-12-2016
(2) Nam n5 luc ch6ng bi^n d6i khi hau cua th6 gioi
ttX)ng nSm 2016, />article/
a2ltY2hlbmc=/5-no-luc-chong-bien-doi-khi-hau-cuathe-gioi-trong-nam-2016-41613. html


The gidi: Van de - Su kien
ldn nhit frdn thd gidi. Nam 2016, nang lugng
mat frdi da khdng dinh duge vi thd mdi khi
chimg kidn chuyen bay vong quanh thd gidi
diu tidn sii dung nang lugng mat frdi, cdc dy
an xay dyng dudng ldt bdng cac tdm pin mat
frdi d bdn luc dja duge cdng bd va Cdng ty
Tesla Motors da ra mdt nhirng vidn ngdi didn
mat frdi...

Bao cao eiia Ca quan phong didn chau Au
(WindEurope) cdng bd ngay 9-2-2017 cho
bidt, nang lugng tai tao ddng gdp gan 9/10 sd
cdng suat ciia eae dy an san xuat didn mdi tai
chau Au frong nam 2016. Day la tin hidu eho
thay sy chuydn hudng nhanh chdng ciia ehdu
Au tir sir dung nhidn lidu hda thach sang nang
lugng tai tao. Trong tdng sd 24,5 GW edng
suat san xuat didn mdi duge tao thdm trdn toan
EU frong nam 2016, cd tdi 21,1 GW (tuang
duang 86%) la tir cac ngudn nang lugng tai
tao, nhu phong didn, nang lugng mat trdi, y
sinh va hy-drd, tang dang kd so vdi ty Id 79%
trong nam 2014<^'.
Nghidn cim tap tmng vao 21 ndn kinh td
dang phat thai nhidu nhit khi gay "hidu iing
nha kinh", frong do ehii ydu la eae nude dang
phat tridn, Cdng ty Tai ehinh qude td (IFC)
dua ra du bao, Hiep djnh Pa-ri ed hieu lye se
md ra ea hgi dau tu vao cac nude mdi ndi Idn
ddii 23.000 ty USD"'. Dya trdn eae kd hoaeh
qude gia eiia eae nude tham gia cam kdt edt
giam lugng khi thai gay "hidu img nha kinh"
theo Hiep djnh Pa-ri, mgt loat cac hang mue
dau tu do cac qude gia dua ra bao gdm; nang
lugng tai tao, edng nghiep, xay dung, ndng
nghidp va ehat thai. Nhirng nude nay eo sire
tang tmdng manh, hien ehidm tdi 62% dan so
the gidi va tao ra 48% lugng khi gay hidu img
nha kinh tren toan eau. Vi vay, lugng vdn do

vao chuong trinh chong bien ddi khi hau la rit
ldn, ehi rieng tai khu vuc ehau A - Thai Binh
Duong, IFC dua ra eon sd len tdi 16.000 ty
USD eho eae dy an tai bdn qude gia (Trung
Qude, In-dd-ne-xi-a, Phi-lip-pin va Viet
Nam): tiep den la khu vye My La-tinh \ a viing

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Ca-ri-bd. Ngoai ra, IFC udc rinh cac khoan
diu tu cin cho ba nude Bra-xin, Cd-ldm-bi-a,
Md-hi-cd la 2.600 ty USD chi ridng cho linh
vyc phat tridn giao thdng bdn vung. Cdc dy an
thieh nghi vdi bidn ddi khi hau cua cac nude
tidu viing Xa-ha-ra (chau Phi) ciing thu hiit
khdng dudi 780 ty USD. Nam Phi, Cdt di-voa,
Kd-ni-a va Ni-gid-ri-a ciing dua ra nhidu dy
an trong lmh vye phat tridn nang lugng sach.
Cac nude, nhu Nga, Xec-bi-a, Thd NhT Ky
va U-crai-na cd tidm nang thu hiit dau tu vao
khoang 655 ty USD, chii ydu vao ITnh vye xay
dyng; cac nude vimg Bae Phi va Tmng Ddng
dung eudi eua nhdm vdi 265 ty USD, gdm ba
nude Ma-rdc, Ai Cap, Giode-da-ni, frong do
1/3 sd tidn danh cho eae dy an vd nang lugng
tai tao.

Nhimg con so biet noi
Bao eao eua Td ehire Khi tugng thd gidi
(WMO) edng bd ngay 18-1-2017 cho bidt,

nam 2016, nhiet do trang binh d dat lidn trdn
toan ciu va trdn cac be mat dai duong eao hon
khoang 1,1 do C so vdi giai doan tien edng
nghiep'^^'. Tdng thu ky WMO, dng Pit-to-ri
Ta-lat nhin manh, "nhirng chi sd vd tinh frang
bien ddi khi hau do eon ngudi gay ra da ldn
tdi nhirng mirc eao ky lue mdi trong nam
2016 frong bdi eanh ndng do khi CO, va khi
me-tan lap dinh mdi" Cae nha khoa hgc dy
bao mire CO, trung binh hang nam se duy fri
tren ngudng 400 phan trieu. Den nam 2030,
lugng khi phat thai dy kien dat tuong duang

(3) Nang lugng ".xanh" chiem gan 90% nguon dien
mai tai chau Au.
hllp//wwu:vietnamplus.vn/nangluong-.xanh'ch!em-gan'90-ngu(ni-dien-moi-lai'chauau/42974I.vnp. nga> 9-2-2017
(4) IFC; Hiep dinh Paris ve bien doi khi hau mang lai
CO hoi dau tu 23.000 ty U SD, hltp://viianel. vn/wcbdichvu/
VI-1'\/54/DL'Jault.aspx'*ne\vs=gDmSx.\ezUYl=,
ngay
X-l1-2016
(5i Nam 2016 nong ky luc, htlp-//haochinhplw.vn/
Oimc-if'\am-2lll6-nong-lc\--luc/297065
ygp. ngay 191-2017

X9; (ili;!i)u4 niiir. ?(J!7)

103

The gioi: Van de - Sti kien

vdi 54 - 56 ty tin cae-bon di-d-xit, vugt qua
mue 42 ty tan cin thiet dd ed thd tudn thii mdt
frong nhiing ndi dung quan trgng eiia Hiep
djnh Pa-ri - tire la ban che sy ndng ldn toan
cau dudi 2 do C trong thd ky nay.
Khdng chi cd vay, bao cao eua WMO ciing
ghi nhan do day eua bang tai bidn Bdc Cyc
tidp tuc giam xuong nhirng mire rat thap. Theo
dd, bang tai Grin-len bit diu tan sdm va nhanh
ban so vdi frude day va day la mgt trong
nhimg nguydn nhan chii ydu khidn myc nude
bidn tang. Dua trdn eae phan tieh cua WMO,
dng P Ta-lat eho ring, Bic Cyc dang im ldn
gip hai lin tinidc day va tinh trang lidn tuc tan
bang frdn bidn da lam thay ddi thdi tidt, khi
hau va su luu thdng eiia cac dai duong d nhidu
nai fren thd gidi. Hidn tugng Trai dat ridng ldn
duge quan sat thiy d mgi nai, trude hdt la tren
hiu hdt cae dai duang, nhung miic tang nhiet
do dang quan ngai nhat la tai Bae Cyc. Khi
Trai dat am ldn, hau qua la bang tan ehay, dai
duong bj a-xit hda, mye nude bidn dang va ed
kha nang nhan chim nhidu thanh phd ven bidn
trdn khap the gidi trong nhirng thd ky tdi.
Nhu vay, eo the thay, ben eanh nhirng nd
luc budc dau trong eude ehidn ehdng bidn ddi
khi hau toan cau, thyc trang bien ddi khi hau
hidn nay van dang tidp tuc dan tdi nhirng hidn

tugng thdi tiet eye doan, gay ra nhirng tham
hga thidn tai khung khiep ddi vdi eon ngudi.
Theo bao eao eua Ngan hang The gidi (WB)
ngay 14-11-2016, mdi nam thidn tai da day it
nhat 26 trieu ngudi roi vao canh ddi ngheo,
khien tieu diing giam khoang 520 ty USD.
Neu the gidi khdng hanh dgng khan cap, thi
tdi nam 2030, eon sd nay se tang them la 122
trieu ngudi, ehii yeu tap trung tai khu vye
Ddng Nam A va ehau Phi"".
Trong mgt bao cao hang nam duge cdng bd
ngay 17-10-2016, Td ehire Ndng Luang Lidn
hop quoc (FAO) da canh bao mgt vien canh tdi
le nhat do hau qua cua bien ddi khi hau se anh
hudng nghiem trgng den cae cgng ddng ngudi
dan phli thuoc vao nganh nong nghiep, trong
104

Tpp chf C d n g » 5 ^

khi tinh hinh bit dn luong thyc cd thd xuat
hidn d mgi khu vyc. Nang suit ndng nghiep
sut giam keo theo tinh tiang mat an mnh
luong thye la hdu qua dang lo ngai eua bien
ddi khi hdu. Theo Hdi ddng Cd vin vd bidn
ddng toan eiu eiia Diic, ddn nam 2020, nang
suit ndng nghidp tii boat ddng ndng nghidp su
dung nude mua d mdt so khu vyc cd thd giam
khoang 50%. Chua dimg l^i d do, gia luong
thyc tang cao cd nguy ca day hang fram tneu

ngudi vao tinh eanh ddi ngheo, "xdi mon'
thanh qua kinh td eiia cac nude kem phat tridn,
tii dd gia tang thdm xao frdn, keo theo sy sup
dd eiia cac he thong xa hdi va sy bimg nd cac
cudc xung dot tram trgng.
Mdt nghidn ciiu mdi day ciia Vidn Nghien
euu tae ddng khi hau Pdt-xdam (Du-e) nhan
djnh, ty Id triing hgp ngiu nhidn giira thidn tai
lidn quan ddn khi hau va cac cudc xung dot
bao lue trdn toan eau ldn ddn 9%. Cae nha
khoa hge ciing cho rang, d eae nude cd van dd
chia re van hda, 23% eae cudc xung dot xay
ra triing hgp vdi cae tham hga khi hau. Luong
thyc va nude nggt ngay cang khan hidm, dat
dai dan bidn mat nhung dan sd tidp tuc tang,
chua ke ndn kinh td phu thude nhidu vao ndng
nghidp, sy suy giam thu nhap va nang suat gay
anh hudng ddn phue lgi kinh td,... duge coi la
nhimg ydu td dan tdi bat dn ehinh trj va xung
dot tai eae qude gia chju anh hudng bdi bien
ddi khi hau. Chang ban, cudc xung dot dien
hinh do bidn ddi khi hau d Da-phua (Xu-dang)
nam 2007 duge danh gia la mdt trong nhiing
eude khiing hoang nhan dao tdi te nhat trdn
the gidi. Xung dot nd ra d viing dat vdn tmde
kia timg la viing dat ndng nghiep trii phu, song
da phai trai qua mgt dgt ban ban keo dai sudt
20 nam, khidn dat eanh tae bi bae mau, qua
trinh sa mac hda d mien Bae Da-phua didn
ra khic nghiet. Sy suy giam eua ddng co, dit

(6) Them 122 tneu nguoi se doi dien nguy co doi
ngheo cimg cue,
hllp.//mY\\\viemampl,is.vn/lheml22-lrieii~nguui-se-doi-diL-n-nguy-co-doi-nghco-cungciic/4ll3Sl.vnp, ngay 18-10-2016


Hie gidi: Vah de-Sy kign

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dai,... Idm ndy smh nhflng xung dgtttongcgng rang, bang chung ve tac ddng eua mdi tiirdng
dong vd khifrdndnttimfrgnghon, chiing gay ddi vdi sue khde con ngudi ngdy cang rd ret,
ra bit hda ddn toe, chia re keo ddi vd bat man nhung hdnh dgng va su diu tu eua cae ehinh
vdi ehinh quydn... Ro rang ed tiid tiiay, sy phu la ehua du. Chi khoang 3% ede ngudn lyc
ti^nh gidnh edc ngudn tai nguydn va sy sup do y td duge diu tu vao cdng tae phdng ngira,
cua ehfnh quydn tji nhidu nude, tii do, tao ra frong khi khodng 97% duge ddnh vdo vide didu
khodngfrdngquyin lyc Id didu kign ly tudng tri, lam gia tang cac chi phi chdm sdc siic khde.
cho mim mdng khiing bd va eye doan bdt rd,
len ldi tai cae quic gia nay. Xung d^tfrongngi
Can hon nira nhirng no lyc khong
bg qude gia xdy ra, tranh gianh giiia cae vimg ngumg
lanh thd, giiia edc nudefrdnen khd kidm soat.
That khd ed thd phu nhan rang, bidn ddi
Thdm mgt mdi de dga tii bidn ddi khi hdu khi hdu dang len ldi khdp mgi noi, keo theo
ma con ngudi trye tiep phdi hiing chiu, dd Id nhidu mdi de dga ddi vdi hda binh, an ninh thd
tinh trang di eu mdi tmdng. Bdo edo "Bien gidi ban bit ky mdi de dga ndo. Bidn ddi khi
doi khi hgu, su ddnh gid rui ro" do mdt nhdmhdu dang gia tang dp lye Idn nhidu qude gia vd
gdm 40 ehuyen gia, nha khoa hge va nhd phdn ngay cd ehinh phii cac nude phat tridn cung
tieh ehmh tri, tdi ehinh vd quan su eua 11 nude khd cd thd duong diu vdi kjeh bdn khd ludng
fren thd gidi thye hidn vd edng bd ngay 13-7- nay. Chi cd hgp tdc qude td hidu qud giiia cdc
2015 khdng djnh, sy im Idn cua Trdi dit din qude gia, cae khu vyc mdi ed thd timg budc

tdi tmh trang khan hidm ngudn nude vd luong ngdn chdn, ddy lui duge nhung tdc ddng mang
thye duge coi la nguydn nhdn gidntidpgdy ra tinh buy diet cua bidn ddi khi hdu.
nan di cu mdi tmdng quy md ldn. Theo cac
Phdt bidu tai COP 22, Chii tjch COP 22,
chuydn gia, di eufrdthdnh nhu eiu hon Id sy Ngoai tmdng Ma-rdc X. Md-du-a nhdn manh,
lya chgn ddi vdi nhung ngudi song d vimg Hdi nghi khi hdu tai Pa-ri da eho chiing ta cam
chiu dnh hudng ndng nd cua bidn ddi khi hdu, kdt todn edu ddi vdi vdn dd bidn ddi khi hdu
vd tinh trang nay duge dy bdo cd thd didn ra d vd COP 22 mang ddn hdnh dgng khi hdu tham
didn rgng chua tiing cd frong Ijch sii. Nan di vgng ban. Tdng Thu ky UNFCCC R Et-xpicu mdi trudng d at se gdy ra cudc khung hodng nd-xa cho rdng, vide chuydn ddi thdnh mdt
nhdn dao tai nhidu qude gia, kd cd tai edc nude ndn kinh te va xa hdi bdn viing vdi khi phdt
phdttiidnva cdc nude vdn dn djnh, do khdng thdi thip ndn Id myc tidu todn cdu duy nhdt.
kip ung phd vdi tmhfrangnay.
Hiep dinh Pa-ri sdm cd hidu lyc Id thdnh qua
Khdng ehi cd vdy, bidn ddi khi hdu cdn dnh dang mimg, nhtmg ddy ciing la Idi nhdc nhd
hudng ddn nhung nhdn td thiet ydu cho vide ring, ky vgng Idn dang ddt ldn vai cac chinh
duy tri sire khde con ngudi, nhu khdng khi phil. Vide d^t duge cdc myctiduvd tham vgng
sach, nude saeh, luong thyc diy du vd noi cu cua Hiep djnh Pa-ri khdng phdi la dd ddng khi
tni phil hgp. Theo thdng bao cua Td chiic Y cdn nhic ddn nhiing khd khanfrongvide thay
tdtiidgidi (WHO)tiiang11-2016, gin 1/4 ddn ddi quatiinhgia tdng phdt thdi cae-bon keo dai
sd thd gidi mie benh va xip xi 12,6 tridu ca tu hai thd ky qua.
Quydt tdm gidm phdt khi thdi gay "hidu
vong mdi nam do nhiing ydu to rui ro vd mdi
tiirdng, nhu d nhidin khdng khi, nude vd dit, ling nhd kmh" duge cac quoc gia dua ra manh
phoi nhidm hda chat vd bite xa tia cyc tim*''. me, theo do, nhung muc tieu dd ra trade mat
Nhung thay ddi ve xa hdi va mdi tmdng toan
(7) WHO h6i thiic chu trong vin ik y tk khi doi pho
eiu,frongdd cd bidn ddi khi hau, cdng lam gia voi bign d6i khi hau, http://vnanet. vn/webdichvu/vi- VN/54/
tdng nhimg nii ro nay Ngoai ra, WHO ehi ra Default.aspx?news=lLBtUGwT5YY=, ngay 11-11-2016
86 894 (thdng 4 nam 2017) 105

The gidi: Van de - S\r kifn
duge hudng tdi, dd Id: Thir nhdt, phdt huy cao
sy ddng thudn dat duge frong edch thiie thyc
hien Hiep dinh Pa-ri, cu tiid Id thyc hidn cdc
chinh sdeh qude giafrongcam kdt ty nguygn
eua cdc nude, duge ggi la Sdng kidn NDC; thu
hai, dua ra eaetiduchudn huge cdc nude phdi
nd lyc chdng lai sy bidn ddi khi han; thie ba,
tap tnmg vao cdc hdnh dgng cy thd nhdm tridn
khai nhiing tmtienfrongHiep djnh Pa-ri, frong
dd dk eao vin dd ehuydn giao edng nghd, tinh
mmh bach vd xdy dung ndng lyc; thu tu, thidt
Idp ddi thoai giiia cdc quan sdt vidn qude td
ehinh thiie vd edc td chiic phi chinh phii nhdm
thiic diy tidn trinh giam khf thdi gay "hieu iing
nhd kinh" toan edu, ddng thdi tao ra cdc mdi
quan he ddi tde mdi vd cdc phuang thtic phdt
tridn mdi; thir ndm, hdfrgtai ehinh cho nhiing
qude gia dd bi tdn thuong nhdt do dnh hudng
eua bidn ddi khf hdu, ddc bidt la khu vye ehdu
Phi, edc qude gia eham phdt tridn va ede qude
ddo dang phdt trien.
Nhu vdy, chuang ttinh hdnh ddng cu thd
gdm:
Mpt la, dn dinh cdc mye tieu phd quat, dd
Id duy tri ddc tinh pho qudt eua Hiep djnh Pa-ri
bang cdch thidt lap nhiing muc tidu ehung cho
tat cd ede qude gia phdt tridn va dang phdt
tridn,frongmdt he thdng chung, ngay cd khi

he thdng nay van hanh khdc biettiiytheo hoan
eanh cdc qude gia.
Hai la, didu phdi cdc ngudn lyc tai chinh
eho phep cac nude phdt tridn phu xanh nen
kinh td va xay dyng ndng lyc ben vihig. Tir
dd, cdc qude gia phdt tridn can cd nhiing ddng
gdp euong quydt, tdo bao va ket hgp vdi edc
chinh sach qude gia va kd hoach diu tu vdo
ndng lugng tdi tao.
Ba Id, cy thd hda cdc khoan vidn frg cho
cac nude dang phdt tridn nhdm ndng cao ndng
lye cua cdc nude ndy dd dat duge cdc myc
tidu ehdng bidn ddi khi hdu toan ciu dd ra;
hd frg uu tidn bdo vd cdc thanh qud phdt tridn
tai nhung cgng dong dd bj tdn thuang nhit;
khuydn khich chuydn giao cdng nghd.
106 S6 894 (thang 4 nam 2017)

Tpp chf C d « 0 f ^
Bdn Id, xdy dyngtiidehd minh bach, frong
do tit cd ede bdn tham gia thye hidn ddnh gia
tdng quan thudng xuydn vd nhiingtidnbd oat
duge so sanh vdi ede mye tieu cua Hiep dinn
Pa-ri dk ra. Sy mmh bach nay Id mdt sy bao
ddm vd vide tudn thu cdc cam kdt hidn t^i va la
ddng lye ehinh eho vide tang cudng tham vgng
ctia ede hdnh ddng khi hdu nhdm giii mue tdng
nhidt do trung binh cua Trdi ddt dudi 2°C.
Ndm la, hd frg edc sang kidn dia phuong
d cdc qude gia vd viing lanh thd. Cdc sang

kidn vd cam kdt cua cdc td chiic dia phuang
duge ede qude gia hd frg, se duge dua vao
chuang trinh nghi sy todn cdu cho hdnh ddng
khi hdu. Vaifrdciia ede edng ddng dia phuang
da duge cdng nhdnfrongkhudn khd cua Hiep
dinh Pa-ri. Day se la mui nhgn dd chuydn ddi
sang ndn kinh td cae-bon thdp, la noi thudn lgi
dd quan sat edc vin de Uen quan den tidp can
ngudn ndng lugng hay van tdi, eiing nhu vide
thieh ling vd khd ndng phyc hdi cua edc viing
lanh thd.
Sdu Id, sy tham gia eua lmh vyc tai chinh,
bao gdm edc nha bao hidm, nha ddu tu, qudn ly
tdi san, chu ngdn hdng, nha dieu hanh,... nhdm
"lien kdt ede ddng tai chinh" doi vdi ede muc
tidu khf hdu.
Ung phd vdi bidn ddi khi hdu la van dd
sdng edn, ddi hdi sy quydt tam vd nd lyc cua
tdt cd edc qude giafrdnthe gidi. Mdi qude gia
cd didu kidn dia ly, kinh td, chinh tri, xd hdi
khdc nhau ndn ed nhiing edch thiic khdc nhau
dd ling phd vdi bidn ddi khi hdu. Vi vdy, frdn
hdt, cdn cd sy thdng nhit frong cdch thiie gidi
quydt nhdm tao ra siic manh tdng hgp. Hiep
djnh Pa-ri chinh la cdng cu de tit cd cac qude
gia cimg thyc hidn. Chidn thdng sy ich ky,
vi Igi ldn sy mac cd frach nhidm la mdt cuge
chidn Idu ddi va edc qude gia ein thyc hien
manh me edc cam ket nhdm thiic diy tidn trinh
gidm khi thai gdy "hidu iing nhd kinh", quydt

tdm vdi eude chidn chdng bidn ddi khi hdu
toan ciu, md cira eho nhung biit pbd hiia hen
trong tuong lai. •