Đánh giá năng lực thích ứng biến đổi khí hậu của hộ nghèo thành phố Cần Thơ

• KHOA HQC C 6 N G NGHE »

OANH GIA NANG LLfC THICH l/NG BI^N 0 6 l KHI HAU
CUA HO NGHEO THANH P H 6 C A N THQ
THS.TRANQU6CBAO
Trung lim Quin If nirdcABBKH, Bfl Mpc QG TP. HCM
THS. NGUYiN THI LAN
Vifn MSI tru&ng
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thick ung cua cgng dong ngheo vdi BDKH. bdi bao hudng ,di mye tiiu eung cdp casd khoa h
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^"^^"'^Beandskills to employ adaptation stiategies.
Keywords. Adaptation capacity, poor household. CVCA, climate change
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*e gioi, dfi cd btag sfing Cftu Long Ifi mfii frudng dng cfta

TAPCHfTAl NGUYEN NUdc S(5 1-2017


• KHOA HQC CONG NGHE •
h ^ 17 fr,?u dto (Ting eye Thing kfi, 2011),
^ f f J^u *? ''"^ '^^"e '^ng qui trinh phfit
. tanh te-xd hpi cfta cfi nudc, mfic khta mftc

«)ng cua ngudi dto cdn tfiip, vfi khu w c chju
t ^ dfng mgnh cfta biln dli kto' hau. Trong vdi
ndni gan dfiy, cta chft dl nghien cftu vl BDKH
tai dfing btag sdng Cftu Long dupc chft y vd
tfivc hifn. Qua dd, ehung ta da cd tiiem nhilu
thong ttn vd khuyin nghj frong lfinh vvc nay.
Cdc nghifin cftu dfi cd vl BDKH frfin ddng
btag sfing Cftu Long dd dfi c|p cd hai phuong
difn tv nhien vfi kinh tl-xfi hpi. Tuy nhifn cho
dfn nay vln chua cd mft nghien cftu tap frung
vd dl sfiu vdo chft dl ntog lvc tiu'ch ftng vdi
BDKH cfta ngudi ngheo frong khu w c ndy
(Tuto vd Hing, 2012).

Vmh Long; pto'a Tfiy gifip tinh Kifin Giang; phfa
Nam gifip tinh H|u Giang. Khu vye chju finh
hudng cfta kto' h|u nhift ddi gid mfta vdi nln
nhift vd d gid ndng cao, quanh ndm nflng ndng,
khdng cd mfta Ignh. Bfin cgnh dd,flifinhphi Cin
Tho phdi dli mfit vfii ng|p lyt (50% difn tfch
flianh phi vta mfta mua) vd fliilu nudc hidi
(mua khfi). Theo ufirc tfnh cfta Phdng Thuong
binh - Xfi hpi Thanh phi Cin Tho, ti If hp
ngheo dfi gidm cdn khotog 5,12% ting dto d
cua Thanh phi vd ti If hp egn nghfo Id 2,64%
(Cvcfliongkf TPCT, 2016).

Tinh ti^g de bj tontiiuonghaytinhde bj tin
thuong Id mfic df md d dd mpt hf tiling khdng
the ung phd vdi htag logt cdc tiiay dli hay tta

dfng tifu eye cfta BDKH, gim cta dao dfng
theo quy lu|t vd cdc tfiay dli eye doan cua kto'
h|u. Tfnh de bjtontfiuongcd tfil dupc ddnh gid
Htnh I. Vi tri dfa ly va Bdn df hdnh chinh
theo hdm so cua tinh chit, cudng df, mftc df
TP Cdn Tha[']
(phgm vi) cfta cta biln dli, mftc df nhgy cdm vd
khd ntagtfifchftngcua hf tiling (IPCC, 2001).
3. PHU'ONG P H A P N G H I E N CtTU
Myc tifu cfta nghifn cftu ndy Id nhto dgng vd
3.1 Thu th|p vfi xft ly dft Ufu
phto tich tinh dl bj tin tiiuong vd ntag lvc
Dft lifu frong bdi vilt ndy dya frfn kit qufi
tWch ftng BDKH cua cta hf nghfo Thdnh phi
Cln Tho dva ti^n phuong phdp phta tfch tinh thu flilp cua dl tdi "Nghifn cftu ddnh gid ntog
de bj tintfiuxmgvfi khfi ntagtfifchftngkto' h|u lyc thich ftng vdi biln dli khf h|u cfta hf
(CVCA) nhfim nh|n difn cfic tta dfng cfta nghfio Thdnh phi Cin Tho". Sl lifu flilng kf
hp nghfio vfi flifing tto vl tinh hinh lao dfng
BDKH Ifn sinh kl cfta ngudi dto.
2. KHU VVC NGmfiN CtTU
TP. cin Tho Idtfianhphi ttvc fliufc Trung IFCT, Sd Lta dfng - Thuong binh vfi Xfi hfi
UOTg, nim d vj tti frung tfim cua vung ding TTCT. Ben cgnh dd, phuong phfip dilu tra xfi
bfing sfing Cftu Long, Ifi mft frong 4tinhtiidnh hfl hpc vdi cfing cy chfah Ifi btag hfii d u frftc
fliufc vung kinh tl tiipng dilm ciia vftng ding
bing sdng Cftu Long vd Id vftng kinh tl ttpng dfi hofic khfing cd dit canh tta vfi stoh kl
dilm thft tu ciia Vift Nam.
chfah Id lfim thuf d ba quin Binh Thfty. Ntoh
TP. cin Tho nim ttong vftngfrung- hg luu
cfta chdu till ding bing song Cftu Long,frdiddi Phmmg phfip tiling kf mifu tfi dupe sft dyng
ttfn 55km dpe bd Tfiy sfing Hfiu, ting difn ti'ch trong phta tich dft lifu so dp.

tv nhien 1,401.61 km2; phfa Bfic gifip tinh An
Giang; phia Dfing gifip tfnh Doag Thfip vfi tinh '^J^
tin Difn li Tp. Cin Tha
TAP CHf TAl NGUYtNTiuofiollHir


» KHOA HQC C 6 N G Nauf

A

3.2. Phuong phfip Phan tich ttoh dl bj tin
thuwng vfi khfi nfing thich ung khi h$u ven biln g|p phfii vin 1^ vfi rfti ro do nudc biln
(Climate Vutoeability and Capacity Analysis) ding vfi loc xofiy, frong kto cpng ding hong khu
vye bta khfi hgn phdi doi difn vdi hgn hta.
Phuong phfip Phtati'chtinhde bj tin fliuong
Df nhgy cdm Id muc df ma cfng ding bj dnh
vfi khdflu'chftngkto' hgu dupc phdt friln tl chftc
hudng bdi nhftng vin dl khf hfiu. Ching hgn, mft
CARE (2009). Phuong phdp ndy t|p frung phta
cfng dfing Idm nfing ngtofp phy fliufc vta mua,
tich bon ddc dilm co bta lifin qua din (1) sinh
Ifi^ nhgy cfim hon nWlu hon mft mft cfng ding
ke bfin bi Idu hiu, (2) gidm nhe ruirotiiifintai,
gom phin chfnh lfi lao dfngfrongmft co sd khai
(3) phdt friln ntog lyc vd (4) gidi quylt nguyfin
thtamd.
nhta siu xa cfta tfnh de bj tintiiuongd ba d p
Khd ndng thich ting dupc djnh nghia Id khd
dp khta nhau (qufic gia, cpng dong hay chinh
ntag

cua mft hf tiling dltfu'ehngto vdi BDKH
quyen dja phuong vfi d p dp cl nhta ho|c hp
(bao gotn BDKH vd cta htah tfidi tfidi tilt eye
gia dinh).
doan) nhdm gidmtfiilucta duft hgi tilm nfing, tin
^ 6 nghifin cftu nfiy, phuong phdp CVCA d dyng CO hfi, ho|c dl dli phd vdi cta h|u qud.
cap df cd nhto hole hp gia dinh dupc sft dyng,
Khd ndng tiip cfn va kiim sodt cdc nguin lyc
tip tiimg ^vdo cdc hp nghfio. Trong dd, phin'
(fliifn ntofn, con ngudi, xfi hfi, co sd v|t chit, tdi
smh ke ben bi khf h|u quan tim din mftc dp
cto'nh) dupc xem Id mft frong nhflng ylu tl quan
nh|n biet nhftngtiiaydli cfta kto' h|u cfta ngudi
hpng nhit frpng vifc htoh flitah khd ntag tfifch
dto dja phuong cung vdi chiln lupc sinh kl fing cua cfi nhtafrudcnhftng ylu tl bit fliudng
nfing nghifp vl phi nfing ngtofp frong quta ly
4. K E T QUA VA T H A O LUAN
nil ro. Thft hai, vl nfi dung gidm nh? rui ro
4.1. Sinh kl bin bi khi h|u vfi gifim rii ro
thifn tai, khung ngWfin cuu t|p frung din thien tai
ngufin lyc nfi tgi cfta ngudi dto, lifn quan din
khd ntag tiep c|n tiidng tin vd hf tiling cdnh
»"™8'n>"«'«ra«hlciclc,iiiikkjb«„
bdo sdm, cdc vin dl luong flivc dy tiif vl vgt
tu nfng nghifp, noifruin vd sy linh dpng dl
thodt khdi nguy hilmfrongfrudnghpp cd tiiifn
tai. Tft dd, khung ngtofn cuu lfim rfi vifc phdt
ttifn ntag lyc tgi chltiifingqua mtag ludi an
K»«l« Min Lllluf lli*! s,iix ... u^...., ,._
sinh xfi hfi, djch w tfii chfnh cung nhu kiln

thuc vfi ky ntag cfta ngudi dta sft dyng frong
cfic chiln lupctitfehftng.D|c bift,frongkhmig
nghifin cftu CVCA, nguyfn nhto siu xa cfta
HinhZ Nhfn thdc da hf gia dinh vi muc df
tfnh df tfin tfiuong cfta kto h|u dupc dk cta
bdt thudng vd muc df dnh hudng tiong
d|c toft Id vaifrdcfta phy nft vd nhdmtiifty|u'
tuang lai cua ede yiu ti khi hdu.
ti-ong vifc gidi quylt nhflng flitah fliftc frudc
bien doi khf hiu, quyin binh dfing frong tilp
Phin ldn cta hf ttong khu vye khta sfit
c|nflifingtin,ky ntog, nguin lvc
(n-80) khdng nhgn bilt vl nhftng bit fliudng
Trong khufin khi cfta CVCA. cta "hf fl,|„g"
cfta cta ylu tl kto h|u frong nhflng nfim g L
dhpcdeclpdenlficta cfng ding. Cta cfng ding
diy,
nhit Id nhftng fliay dli frong Ift lyt. frilu
14 Wiong dong nhit Nhflng hf gia dtoh. cd nhta
cudng, sgt Id vd bta (Htoh 2). Tuy nhifn. cta hf
cvflwfrongcta cfng ding cd flil cd mftc df dl bj khta sdt vin quan sit fliiy dupc nhftngfliaydli
tonftuongkhta t^u. Tilp xuc vdi sv fluy dli
rfi rft flifing qua sy ttag nWft df vfi sy gifim
kh, h|u cdtinhchit dja ly. Vf dy, cta cfng ding
lupng mua (hrong ftng 88.75% vfi 85% d hf
TAP CHfTAlNGUYfN NUOc S(5 1-2017


• KHOA HQC CONG NGHE »

^ hudig c £ ^ ' t r ^ J ' r - t " * • " '^
1^. cta hf d ^ ^ ^ J " ^ ? T ° ' * T ^

dupc mifiu td hxmg Htoh 3. Trong dfi, hon 50%
<=^ hO gia dtoh tiiam gia cfic Dota - Hpi dia

^ hp frongToS W n i l
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thf sfi'khoni S
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' H^^ "^"^ *=" '^^ '"''" '^'^""' "^-^ •*" ^ nghifin
chu ylu tfip
ttrgvta^hur.^.r-^'
cm, cd diam gia vfio cdc Idp tgp huin tTdia

nhift^pivfifu:;^^-^::--^

yeu tl ndy dnh hudng khone cto tah h,rAn„ -*'
sinh kl md cdn i t J ^ ^ ^ Z ^ ^ d ^ ^
kifn dng hing ngdy, hay i T p i l ^ ' l l T l ^
kfp" cfta cta hp gia dinh Cdc hfi n ^ ^ n ^
phdi dli phd V*' c l khd khfif t ^ n g ^ taS
sinh nhai. In dtoh vifc lfim, cung X T i n 2
c ^ djch w xd hfi..Slng ftrphJcM d Z
^ g phd Vdi tta dpng Cfta biln d f i ' t a t
nen. cta hp gia dtah cd mftc df quan X din
hai ylu .1 ndy hon cta ylu tfi e d n r c r g v "
nhau, "khfi khta kfp" nly ktoln cho tfnH? J
t6n fliuong (frong ddi sing vd s t h T l ) ciS

nhfim dli hrpng ndy ctag frd n f n ^ L
hon.Tro„gkhu^Wcng^^cr.:S;S:hu^;
cua cdc hp Id ldm flme do khdng cd dit hofic it
dat^Nhu v|y, de cd flil dgt dupc myc dfch sinh
ke ben to frong hrong lai, cta hf gia dinh hong
khu vye ngWfin cftu d n phai dupc hi vin vl da
dtag hda cta cWin lupc sinh kl, nhit Id cta
ctoen lupc pW nfing ngtofp vd quta ly rfti ro
biln doi khf hgu bfing cdch I|p kl hogch cho
tucmglai.
Ben qmh dd, hon 75% sl hf nghfo dupc
phdng vto khdng cd kinh ngWfm dli phd vdi
thien tai. Kinh ngWfm dli phd tfiien tai cfta bf
ph|n hf ngheo cdn lgi cto mang tfnh eye bp vl
tin rgc, ehu ylu Id gia cl nhd cfta, dpn chudng
nggi v|t hole di ddi dl dgc, htag hda len eao.
Dieu ndy cho tfiiy d khu w c ngWfin cftu, cta hf
gia dinh chua cd cdc bifn phip linh dfng dl
fliolt khdi nguy tolm hay tfch frft luong fliyc,
noifruin an totafrongtiudnghpp cd fliifn tai '
4.2. Phdt triln nfing lyc thfch ftng Biln dii

khfhin

t^^^^r^ti"^

1^ t f - ^f" """^g' <=°n '?J cW cd 2.5% cdc
L ? J f ^ u t a d phdng ching lyt bta vd cftu ngn.
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91


•

KHOA HQC C 6 N G N G H E <»

Biea •»•)> \ ar TW Ti i M Utm o n c k l » gb dmli

I . I
Hinh5. Hiin tiang vay vin vd tiit kifm
ctia cdc hf gia dinh
Mfit khta, cta hp nghfo tixmg khu vye
ngtofn cftu cung dupc ho tip cta djch w tfii
chinh dl dam bta cho vifc In djnh sinh kl.
Hinh 5 mieu ta Wfnfrgngvay von vd tilt kifm
cfta cta hf gia dinh. Qua dd, cd flil fliiy ring
cW cd khotag 1/5 cta hf cd tdi khota tilt kifm.
Hon 40% cdc hf cd vay vln cfta ngto htag.
Myc dfch vay vln ciia cta hf chft ylu ddnh dk
gia CO nhd cfta, chfta bfnh vd khdi ngtofp. 6
phuong difn khde, vln vay ngto htog budc diu
cd till ^ftp cta hp gia dtoh In djnh sinh kl,
nhung ding flidi cflng Id mft gfinh ntog hong

tmdng hpp hogt dfng sinh kl khfing bin vflne
5.K6TLUi^

(3) Mftc dp phi bien vd tilp c|n tiifing tin
cfta cta hf vl biln dli khf h|u tuong dli cao;
trong kto cdc hf cdn rit thilu nhftng flifing
tin ve bifn phdp ftng phd cung nhu sinh kl
ben vihig.
Bfn cgnh dd, ngWfin cftu cdn hta chl trong
vifc phto tich gidi quylt nhflng nguyfn nhto
sau xa cfta tinh de bj tin fliuong frong cfng
dong ngWfn cftu. Sl lupng mlu hiy chua cao
(n-80) nhung da phta dnh dupc mft phin ntag
lyc flu'ch ftng vdi biln dli kto h|u cfta cfic hf
nghfio ven dd, cd ft dit hofic khong cd dit, sinh
ke chft ylu Id Idm fliuf d Thdnh phi Cin Tho.
Cfic ngtofn cftufronghrong lai cd till di siu vfio
ngWfn cftu tfnh de bj ton tiiuong cfta phy nft vd
cdc nhdmtfiftylu khta dli vdi Win dli kW h|u
quyen binh dfing tilp c|n nhu nhau cta tiifing
tin, ky ntag, djch w cung nhu frong kilm sodt
nguin sinh ke quan trpng.
Loi cdm an: Nghien cuu ndy dugc tdi tig bdi
Bgi hge Quie gia Thdnh phi Hd Chi Minh
tiong khufn khi di tdi C20I6-48-01

TAILI^UTHAMKHAO

Myc tifu chfnh cfta de tfii Id nh|n difn vd
1. CARE (2009). Climate Vulnerability and

ddnh gid ntag lyc fltfch ftng biln dli kW h|u
Capacity
Analysis
Handbook.
CARE
cfia hf nghfio Thinh phi Cin Tho cung nhu cdc
fatemational
tdc dfng cua biln dli kW h|u lfn sinh kl cfta hf
2. Cye flilng kf Thdnh pho Cin Tho (2016)
nghfioflifing qua Khung phto tfch U'nh dl bj tin
thuong vd ntog lyc fltfch ftng biln dli kW h|u Niin gidm ,hing ke Thdnhphi Cdn Tha (2016)
(CVCA) cfia tl chftc CARE. Kit qui ngtofn Nhd x d t bto Thing kf
3. IPCC (2001). Climate Change: ,he
cim cho fliiy:
Scientific Basis. Cambridge Umveisity Press,
(1) Da d cta hf nh|n fliftc dupc nhftng bit Cambridge.
thudng cua kW h|u cung nhu nhflng tah hudng
4. Lfi Anh Tuin vd Trin Thj Kim Hing (2012).
lfin smh kl cfia hp vl m|t nWft df vl lupng
Ddnh
gid tin thuong vd khd ndng ,hich nghi d hf
mua, nhimg khfing nhfin Wit sy bit fliudng vl
gio
dinh
tivdc thiin tai vd biin dii khi hdu tiong
cdc yeu to kW h|u khta nhu lu lyt, frilu cudng
sgt Id, bta.
^' khu v{«r ,hufe qufn Binh Thiiy vd htryfn VMi
(2) Kinh ngWfm ftng phd flufn tai nWn Thgnh, Thdnh phi Cdn Tho. Tgp chi khoa hpc:
Chung cdn hta chl, mang tinh tgm flidi vfi eye Tnidng Dgi hpc cin Tho, 2012:22b, 221-210...

.if •.?Si'.' ^^"^ 1 "^ •'•^^ P''^ ^^
thodt khdi nguy tolm hay cd luong fliyc dy frft
trongfrudnghpp cdfliifintai.
92

TAPCHfTAl NGUY6N NU(5C S(5 1-2017

Ngdy nhfn bdi: 20/10/2016
Ngdy phdn bifn xong: 12/11/2016

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