Động đất và phát triển bền vững ở Việt Nam

DONG DAT VA PHAT TRIEN B^N VtJNG 6 VlfeT NAM
DINH T m HOANG UVfiN'
I j dng ddt la mdt thidn tai cd anh
- • - ^ hudng rdt ldn din sy thyc hidn qua
trinh phat triln bin viing vi nhttng tan phd
nghidm trpng cia nd, lam dd vd cdc cdng
trinh xdy dyng ldn, nhu cac dd thj, cdc dap
thiy didn, thiy lpi, cdc xl nghidp cdng
nghidp thidt hai ldn t d hang chuc ty USD va
sy khdc phyc hdu qua lai tdn nhilu thdi
gian. Sd dT nhu vay vi nang lupng cia cdc
tran ddng ddt manh la rdt ldn, thi dy nhu
tran ddng ddt manh 8,9 dd Richter xay ra tai
Ciiind vao nam 1960 cd nang lupng gdp 100
Idn qua bom nguydn tft tha xudng Hiroxima.
d Vidt Nam cung cd ddng ddt, nhung
cudng dd khdng manh cho t d nay chua tdi 7
dd Richter, vi lanh thd nudc ta ndm tai khu
vyc cd vd lyc dja khd vttng chdc dupc hinh
thanh ttt Idu, gdn ddy nhd't cung vao thdi ky
tao son Indoxini each ddy tft 225 din 180
tridu ndm d vong sdng Da. Trong Tdn sinh
dai tao son manh Anpi- Imalaya vdi cdc
vdng cung nui Ifta va ddng dd't cung xa dd't
nudc ta. Vi vdy d Vidt Nam chi cd cac trdn
ddng dd't manh ttt cdp 7 dd'n cd'p 9 thang
MSK 64 (khoang 5- 7 dp Richter), la cdc
cd'p chi cdn cd bidn phap dl phdng khi tien
hdnh xdy dyng cac cdng trinh Idn.
Xet vl mat thd gian thi khdng ki thdi
Bdc thudc do cac sft quan Trung Qud'c ghi,

thi ttt thd ky nudc ta ddc Idp ty chi dd'n
cudi thi ky XIX Ijch sft cd glii khoang 65
trdn ddng dd't, cdn trong thi ky XX vdi tai
lidu ddy du hon, thd'y cd khoang 134 trdn,
trong dd cd 2 trdn cd'p 8-9, 17 trdn cd'p 7 va
115 trdn cd'p 6. Xet vl tdn sud't trdn dd't nudc
Vidt Nam, trung binh 6 ndm cd 5 trdn ddng
dd't cdp 6; 7 nam cd 2 trdn ddng dd't cd'p 7-8
va 29 ndm cd 1 trdn ddng dd't cd'p 8-9.
Xlt vl khdng gian thi ving cd kha ndng
ddng dd't cdp 7-8 di tft dut gay sdng Chay
din dttt gdy sdng Ca, v d tdm cia nd d ving

Ba

sdng Da, sdng Ma dat cd'p 8-9. 6 vung biln
ven bd Nam Trung Bd ttt Da Ndng din
Phan Thilt cflng cd ddng ddt cdp 7-8, cac
ving cdn lai chi cd kha nang ddng ddt cdp
6-7. Nhihig n d coi nhu an toan v d cdc trdn
ddng ddt ttt cdp 6 trd xudng la d cac nln
mdng cd Tiln Camri (vdng sdng Chay, khdi
Inddxini).
Xet theo don vi cd'p tinh, thi nhihig tinh
cd cac ving ddng dd't quit qua thi dupc xlp
thanh nhdm theo cd'p ddng dd't ldn nhd't. Ta
thdy cd 5 tinh cd kha nang xay ra dpng ddt
cdp 8-9 la Lai Chdu, Didn Bidn, Son La,
Hda Binh, Thanh Hda. Thi dy nhu tran ddng
da't cdp 8-9 xay ra vao ngdy 01-11-1935 tai

Didn Bidn Phi vdi stte manh 6,75 dd
Richter, trdn ddng dd't vao ngay 24-06-1983
tai Tudn Giao manh cd'p 8 (6,7 dd Richter)
vd trdn ddng ddt d Ydn Dinh- Thanh Hda
xay ra nam 1635 cflng dupc ddnh gid cdp 8.
Cd 21 tinh thudc nhdm tinh cd ddng dd't
cap 7-8 la Lao Cai, Ydn Bdi, Ha Giang,
Tuydn Quang, Phu Thp, VTnh Phuc, Ha Ndi,
Ha Nam, Hung Ydn, Nam Djnh, Ninh Binh,
Hai Duong, Hai Phdng, Thai Binh, Nghd
An, Ha TTnh, Quang Binh, Phtt Ydn, Khanh
Hda, Ninh Thudn, Binh Thudn. Thi dy nhu
trdn ddng ddt vao ndm 1285 anh hudng din
chia Bao Thidn d Ha Ndi, ttdn ddng ddt
nam 1821 xay ra d Nghd An, trdn ddng ddt
ndm 1882 d Phan Thilt- Binh Thudn, ttdn
ddng ddt nam 1923 cd phun trao bazan tao
ra nui Ifta Hdn Tro vl phia nam dao Phu
Qui- Binh Thudn; cac trdn ddng ddt xay ra
vao nam 1953-' 1954 d Luc Ydn (Ydn Bai)
va cdc trdn dpng ddt vao nam 1970- 1972 d
Sdng Cdu- Phu Ydn.

• Dinh Thi Hoang Uyen., TS., VienNghien
cttu MOi trucmg vk phdt ttiln bin vttng.


Dinh Thi Hodng Uydn - Ddng dat va phat trien ben vdng
DO.^JG B X T V A P H A T T K I & V Bfes- VON<5

Cd 31 tinh thudc nhdm tinh cd ddng dat cap
6-7 Id Cao Bang, Lang Son, Thai Nguydn, Bdc
Giang, Bdc Ninh, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri,
Thfta Thidn- Hul, Da N&g, Quang Nam,
Quang Ngai, Binh Djnh, Kon Tum, Gia Lai,
Ddc l i e , Ddc Ndng, Ldm Ddng, Binh Phudc,
Binh Duong, Ddng Nai, Ba Ria- Vung Tau,
Ddng Thdp, VTnh Long, Tra Vinh, An Giang,
Cdn Tho, Hdu Giang, Sdc Trdng, Bac Lidu,
Kidn Giang, Ca Mau. Thi du nhu ttdn ddng ddt
xay ra vdo ndm 1829 d Hul va ttdn ddng ddt
xay ra vdo nam 1961 d Bdc Giang.
Cd 6 tinh thudc nhdm tinh cd ddng ddt tft
cdp 6ttdxudng, id Bdc Kan, Tdy Ninh, TP Hd
(Uli Minh, Long An, Tiln Giang, Ben Tre.
Trong thd ky cdng nghidp hda, dd thi hda ddt
nudc vd cdc k l hoach phdt tiiin bin vflng cd
tdm nhin xa, chung ta cung ndn cd phdn dy bdo

TV !.£ 111 T«a«a

va tim kiem bidn phap dl phdng cdc ttfn ddng
dat manh va sdng thdn, bd vi ving Tay Bdc cia
Vidt Nam cung rdt gan d d dttt gay AnpiHymalaya chay dai rii Dja Tmng Hai t d vung
Tdy Nam Trung Qude va ving Duydn hai Nam
Tmng Bd cflng kha gdn vdng cung ddng ddt va
nui Ifta Tdy Thai Binh Duong chay tft Nlidt Ban
qua PhiUppin xudng Indonexia./.

TAI LIEU

THAM KHAO CHINH

1. Viet Nam Atias qude gia. Ha NOi 1996.
2. www.phongchonglutbaotphcm.gov.vn, 11/04/
2007. UBND TP. Hd Chf Minh, Sd Tai nguyen va
MOi trudng, Ddng ddt, sd'ng tlidn vd cdc bien phdp
gidm nhe thiet hai.
3. vietnamnet.vn, dantri.com.vn

Nghiin aiu Phit triin bin vdng. si 3 (36) - Thing 9/2012

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