TRƯỜNG THPT QUỲNH LƯU 1 ĐỀ THI KHẢO SÁT ĐỘI TUYỂN HSG TỈNH LỚP 12

SỞ GD & ĐT NGHỆ AN
CỤM QUỲNH LƯU – HOÀNG MAI
(Đề thi có 02 trang)

ĐỀ KHẢO SÁT ĐỘI TUYỂN HỌC SINH GIỎI LỚP 12
ĐỢT 1 - NĂM HỌC 2020 - 2021
Môn thi: Tiếng Anh
Thời gian làm bài: 150 phút (không kể thười gian giao đề)

Họ và tên: …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
SBD: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
PART I: LISTENING
You are going to listen to different talks TWICE. Listen and do the tasks given below
Section 1: Listen and complete the sentences with between ONE or THREE words ( 10 pts)
- . Professor Manson remembers having lots of exams and assignments at school but didn’t (1)…….her
revision time very well.
-. Revising for an exam the night before can help…(2)…but a good night’s sleep is even better.
-. There is a link between …(3)……
-. Most students in the class sleep between …(4)….hours , whereas the recommended amount for14 to 17
year olds is more
-. Sleep helps the body regulate its (5)…..functions and also gives the…(6)……..a chance to restructure
information.
-. Memory …(7)………..is when information passes from our short -term to long -term memories via …(8)..
-. Memory consolidation is improved by………(9)……………information regularly.
-. Memory consolidation takes place during stages of……( 10)…………..sleep.

Answers:
1
6

2

7

3
8

4
9

5
10

Section 2: ( 20 pts)
a. Listen and choose the correct letter A, B, C or D
11. Why is Jack interested in investigating seed germination?
A. He may do a module on related topic later on
B. He wants to have a career in plant science.
C. He is thinking of choosing this topic for his dissertation.
12. Jack and Emma agree the main advantage of their present experiment is that it can be
A. described very easily
B. carried out inside the laboratory
C. completed in the time available
13. What do they decide to check with their tutor?


A. whether their aim is appropriate
B. whether anyone else has chosen this topic
C. whether the assignment contributes to their final grade.
14. They agree that Grave’s book on seed germination id disappointing because
A. It fails to cover recent advances in seed science
B. the content is irrelevant for them

C. its focus is very theoritical.
15. What does Jack say about the article on seed germination by Lee Hall?
A. The diagrams of plant development are useful
B. The analysis of seed germination statistics is thorough
C. The findings of seed germination after fires are surprising

Answer:
11

12

13

14

15

b. Listen and complete the follow chart- table ( ONLY ONE WORD)
Select seeds of different..(16)…and sizes

Measure and record the( 17) and size of each one

Decide on the( 18)to be used

Use a different ( 19) for each seed and label it

After about 3 weeks, record the plant’s ..(20)

Investigate the findings

Answer:
16

17

18

19

Section 3: Listen and Complete the notes below ( ONLY ONE WORD) ( 20pts)
Introduction:

20


Recent urban developments represent massive environmental changes. It was previously thought that only a
few animals were suitable for city life, e.g
. the ( 21)………………..because of its general adaptability
. the pigeon- because the walls of the city buildings are similar to ( 22)…..
In fact, many urban animals are adapting with unusual….( 23)………..
Recent research
. Emile Snell- Rood studied small unurbanised mammal specimens from museums in Minnesota.
- She found the size of their……(24)…had increased.
- She suggests this may be due to the need to locate new sources of..( 25)...and to deal with new dangers.
. Catarina Miranda focused on the..( 26).. of urban and rural blackbirds
- She found birds were often braver, but were afraid of situations that were ..( 27)
. Jonathan Atwell studies how animals respond to urban environment
- He found that some animals respond to …( 28) ..by producing lower levels of hormones.
. Sarah Partan’s team found that urban squirrels use their ..( 29) …to help them communicate.
Long- term possibilities

Species of animals may develop which are unique to cities. However, some changes may not be….( 30)

Answer:
21
26

22
27

23
28

24
29

25
30

PART II: GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
Section 1. Choose the most suitable word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) to fill in each blank.
(10 points)
1. If traffic moves at low speed, the number of accidents is________.
A. cut down

B. pulled back C. turned off

D. put away

2. Students who don’t revise regularly are generally more ___to making the same mistakes again and again.
A. prone

B. likely

C. attentive

D. capable

3. I am going to be ________ with you, Mr Hederson. Your daughter is a thief.
A. sincere

B. open

C. frank

D. genuine

4. The crowd ________ in disagreement as the politician left the platform.
A. rustled

B. banged

C. neighed

D. booed

5. The students were ________ until they got the exam results.
A. on edge

B. under edge C. in edge

D. over edge.

6. As with all our plans, money was the main ________ block.
A. falling

B. stumbling

C. holding

D. tripping

7. I’m ________ my brother is.
A. nowhere like so ambitious

B. nothing near as ambitious as

C. nothing as ambitious than

D. nowhere near as ambitious as


8. Karen was terribly nervous before the interview but she managed to pull herself _____and act confidently.
A. through

B. over

C. together

D. off

9. She ______ through the report.
A. stared

B. glanced

C. investigated

D. went

10. When he suddenly ________up the subject of genetic engineering, there was a silence
A. took

B. brought

C. showed

D. came

Your answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
7
8
9
10
Section 2. There are TEN mistakes in this paragraph. Write them down and give the correction.

(10 points)
1

Of the many unexplained phenomenon which continue to puzzle scientists and laymen like, the

2

corn circles of Southern England remain one of the most mysterious. These perfect-formed circles,

3

which, when they see from the air appear to have been inscribed with an enormous carving tool,

4

seem to be a part of a significant message; so far, however, nobody managed to decipher them, and

5

it is doubtful if anyone will ever be able to. But the main question – how the circles came to be

6

there – is just as far of being solved. Although several people had come forward claiming to have

7

made the circles themselves, scientists declare that it would be impossible for even a large group

8

to create shapes of such precision on so a large scale. These circles have become one of the strong

9

arguments in support of the existence of intelligent extra-terrestrial life forms.

10

Your answers
line

Mistake
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Correction

PART III: READING
Section 1: Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. Write
your answer in the numbered box. (0) has been done as an example. ( 15pts)
When faced (0)________ some new and possible bewildering technology change, most people

(1)________ in one of two ways. They either recoil (2)________ anything new, claiming that it is


unnecessary, or too complicated or that it (3)________ makes life less than human. Or they learn to adapt to
the new invention and (4)________ wonder how they could possibly have existed (5)________ it. Take
computers as example. For many of us, they still (6)________ a threat to our freedom and give us a
frightening (7)________ of a future in which all decisions will be (8)________ by machines. This may be
because they seem (9)________, and difficult to understand. Ask most people what you can use a home
computer for, and you usually get vague answers about how ‘they give you information’. In fact, even those
of us who are (10)________ with computer and use them in our daily work, have little idea of how they
work. But it does not take long to learn how to operate a business programme, even if things occasionally go
wrong for no apparent (`11)________. Presumably, much the same happened when telephone and television
became widespread. What seems to alarm most people is the (12)________ of technology change,
(13)________ than change itself. And the objections that are made to new technology may (14)________
have a point to them, since change is not always an improvement. As we discover during power cuts, there is
a lot to be said for the oil lamp, the coal fire, and forms of entertainment, such as books or board
(15)________, which don’t have to be plugged into work.
0.
A. with
B. to
C. for
D. on
1.
A. react
B. treat
C. solve
D. perform
2.
A. of
B. out of

C. away from
D. from
3.
A. somewhere
B. someplace
C. someway
D. somewhat
4.
A. eventually
B. possibly
C. initially
D. naturally
5.
A. with
B. without
C. on
D. for
6.
A. show
B. meet
C. face
D. represent
7.
A. possibility
B. sense
C. idea
D. prospect
8.
A. invented
B. changed

C. taken
D. done
9.
A. unsteady
B. unsure
C. mysterious
D. obvious
10.
A. accustomed
B. familiar
C. used
D. commonplace
11.
A. reason
B. cue
C. excuse
D. cause
12.
A. rate
B. swiftness
C. speed
D. tempo
13.
A. more
B. less
C. rather
D. other
14.
A. badly
B. better

C. worse
D. well
15.
A. sports
B. games
C. plays
D. shows
Your answers
0. A
1.
6.
11.

2.
7.
12.

3.
8.
13.

4.
9.
14.

5.
10.
15.

Section 2: Fill each blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answer in the numbered box provided

below the passage. (0) has been done as an example. ( 15pts)
Although the (0)________ in the global temperature by 4 per cent predicted by many scientists may
not sound like much, it is the difference between (1)________ and the last Ice Age, when huge glaciers
(2)________ Europe and most of Britain. Nobody knows exactly what would happen in a warmer world,
(3)________ we do know some things. Heat a kettle and the water inside it expands. The temperature of the
world has climbed more than half a degree this century, and the oceans have risen by at (4)________ 10 cm.


But just as it takes several minutes for a kettle to begin (5)________, so it may have taken the oceans
thirty years to swell. This means that the global warming we are now (6)________ is a result only of the
carbon dioxide we have dumped into the atmosphere up to (7)________ 1960s. Since then, the use of fossil
(8)________ has increased rapidly. Scientists working for the United Nations and European governments
have (9)________ warning that what the Dutch and the people of the East Anglia will need to do will be to
build more extensive sea defences. Many of the world’s greater cities are at (10)________, because they are
located at sea level. Miami, (11)________ entirely built on a sandbank, could be swept away. But the effects
of (12)________ sea levels will be much worse for the developing countries. With a metre rise in sea levels,
200 million people could become (13)________.
There are other fears too, (14)________ to a recent United Nations report. The plight of the hungry
in the northern Africa could (15)________, as rainfall in the Sahara and beyond is reduced by 20 per cent.
Your answers
0. rise
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Section 3. Read the passage and choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each question
(20 points)
Architecture has social purposes and meets practical needs by means of combining art and
technological innovations. In building construction, however, an emergence of new materials does not make
its precursors obsolete, and architectural knowledge is cumulative. The fact that today much is constructed
from prefabricated concrete does not do away with brick. Furthermore, despite dramatic changes and
increased technological sophistication of architectural design and construction, the essential apparatus of
erecting a building has remained rooted in preindustrial traditional practices passed down during the
millennia. The social and utilitarian expectations of structures are largely based on elemental demands of

keeping out elements and enemies, avoiding the extremes of heat, wind and precipitation.
Gravity, air pressure, and earthquakes can induce tensions that have to be accounted for when
constructing functional enclosed space. Vertical stacking of masonry materials causes compression that can
lead to important problems when a structure is spanned to build a roof and connect walls. Arches, vaults, and
domes were specifically developed to alleviate the compression by directing the spanning element along a
curve rather than a straight line. Building suspension structures, dams, and tunnels became possible in the
nineteenth century with the increased availability of steel that could reinforce structural frames and enable
them to withstand natural forces previously believed to be insurmountable.
Functional evolutions of modern buildings create new demands on the analysis of structural behavior
and engineering. Few occupants of skyscrapers view elevators as elaborate systems of vertical
transportation. Humidity and temperature control, forced ventilation, natural and artificial lighting,


sanitation and disposal of waste, electrical wiring and fire prevention make very tall constructions
engineering marvels that also must be aesthetically pleasing and physically convenient.
Erecting a structure involves a great deal more than merely attending to the aesthetics and psychological
experience of architectural space. The shape, size, and incombustibility of locally available construction
materials fostered developments of specific technologies. Advances in engineering and knowledge
associated with properties of building materials combine to lead innovations in architectural design. Tools
and skills required to exploit easily obtainable material have continued to inform the development of modem
industrialized technologies.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The modem art of architecture and social pressure
B. The profound importance of tradition in architecture
C. The mutual impact of architecture and technology
D. The great technological advances in building material
2. The word "obsolete" in line 3 is closest in meaning to
A. obvious

B. antiquated

C. antiquarian D. obstinate

3. The author mentions the word "brick" in line 4 as an example of which of the following?
A. How old techniques can continue to remain practical.
B. How old buildings can co-exist modern architecture.
C. How new knowledge can supplant traditional technology.
D. How new design can improve traditional construction.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that pragmatic requirements of buildings
A. retain essential sophistication

B. stay rooted in the elements

C. stagnate over millennia

D. hold constant over time

5. What can be inferred from the passage about reducing the effects of material compacting?
A. Masonry is stacked vertically by increasing compression.
B. Downward pressure is dispersed by semicircular roofs.
C. Buildings are spanned to account for the force of gravity.
D. Vertical roofs are bent to counteract air pressure.
6. The word "withstand" in line 16 is closest in meaning to
A. endure

B. enlarge

C. withdraw

D. withhold

7. The purpose of paragraph 3 is to suggest that
A. tall buildings require large amounts of wiring to make them functional.
B. architectural innovations pose new challenges for technological development.
C. skyscrapers need to be appealing and convenient for their occupants.
D. architects of modem buildings create a demand for engineering talent.
8. According to the passage, what is one of the important requirements of building materials?
A. They have to be inflammable.

B. They should be locally produced.


C. They do not affect human psychology.

D. They need to be large and well shaped.

9. The word "fostered" in line 25 is closest in meaning to
A. founded

B. focused

C. encouraged D. enveloped

10. It can be inferred from the passage that architecture and engineering
A. are at the opposite ends of the technological spectrum
B. go hand in hand to promote art and science
C. compete for technological advancements
D. supersede aesthetic and experiential values

Your answers

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Section 4: Read the text and do the tasks
Flawed beauty: the problem with toughened glass
nd
On the 2 august 1999, a particulaly hot day in the town of CIRENCESTER IN THE Uk, a large pane of
toughened glass in the roof of a shopping centre at Bishops Walk shattered without warning and fell from its
frame. When fragments were analysed by experts at the giant glass manufacturer Pilkington, which had
made the pane, they found that minute crystals of nickel sulphide trapped inside the glass had almost certain
caused the failure.
“ The glass industry is aware of the issue, says Brian Waldron, chairman of the standards committee at the
Glass and Glazing Federation, a British trade association, and standards development officer at Pilkington.

But he insists that cases are few and far between. “ it ‘s a very rare phenomenon”, he says.
Others disagree. “ On average I see about one or two buildings a month suffering from nickel sulphide
related failures.”, says Barie Josie,a consultant engineer involved in the Bishops Walk investigation. Other
experts tell of similar experiences. Tony Wilmott of London- based consulting engineers Sanderg, and
Simon Armstrong at Clad Tech Associates in Hamsphire both say they know of hundred cases. “ What you
hear is only the tip of iceberg”, says Trevor Ford, a glass expert at Resolve Engineering in Brisbane,
Queensland. He believes the reason is simple: “ Noone wants bad press”.
Toughened glass is foundeverywhere, from cars and bus shelters to the windows, walls and roofs of
thousands of buildings around the world. It’s easy to see why. This glass has five times the strength of
standard glass, and when it does break it shatters into tiny cubes rather than larege, razor-sharp shards.
Architects love it because large panels can be bolted together to make transparent walls, and turning it into
ceillings and floors is almost as easy.
It is made by heating a sheet of ordinary glass to about 620C to soften its slightly, allowing its structure to
expand, and then cooling it rapidly with jets of cold air. This causes the outer layer of the pane to contract
and solidify before the interior. When the interior finally solidifies and shrinks, it exerts a pull on the outer
layer that leaves it in permanent compression and produces a tensile force inside the glass. As cracks
propagate best in materialsunder tension, the compressive force on the surface must be overcome before the
pane will break, making it mor resistant to cracking.
The problem stars when glass contains nickel sulphide impurities. Trace amounts of nickel and sulphur are
usually present in the raw materials used to make glass, and nickel can also be introduced by frgaments of
nickel alloys falling into molten glass. As glass is heated, these atoms react to form tiny crystals of nickel
sulphide. Just a tenth of gram of nickel in the furnace can create up to 50,000 crystals.
These crystals can exist in two forms: a dense form called the alpha phase, which is stable at high
temperatures, and a less dense form called beta phase, which is satble at room temperatures. The high
temperatures used in toughening process convert all the crystals to the dense, compact alpha form. But the
subsequent cooling is so rapid that the crystals don’t have time to change back to beta phase. This leaves
unstable alpha crystals in the glass, primed like a coiled spring, ready to revert to the beta phase without
warning.

When this happen, the crystals expandby up to 4%. And if they are within the centre, tensile region of the
pane, the stresses this unleashes can shatter the whole sheet. The time that elapses before faillure occurs is
unpredictable. It could happen just months after manufacture, or decades later, although if glass is hetaed- by
sunlight, for example- the process is speeded up. Ironically, says Graham Dodd, of consluting engineers
Arup in London, the oldest pane of toughed glass known to have failured due to nickel sulphide inclusions
was in Pilkinhton’s glass research building in Lathom, Lancashire. The pane was 27 years old.
Data showing the scales of nickel sulphide problem is almost impossible to find. The picture is made more
complicated by the fact that these crystals occur in batches. So even if, on average, there is only one
inclusion in 7 tonnes of glass, if you experience one nickel sulphide failure in your building, that probably
means you’ve got a problem in more than one pane.Josie says that in the last decade, he has worked on over
15 buildings with the number of failures into double figures.
One of the worst example of this is Water front place., which was completed in 1990. Over the following
decadethe 40- storey Brisbane block suffered a rash of failures. Eighty panes of its toughened glass shattered
due to inclusions before experts were finally called in. Jonh Barry, an expert in nickel sulphide
contamination at the University of Queensland, analysed evry glass pane in the building. Using a studio
camera, a photographer went up in a cradle to take photos of every pane . These were scanned under a
modified microfiche reader for signs of nickel sulphide crystals. “ we discovered at least another 120 panes
with potentially dangerous incusions which were then replace.”, says Barry. “ It was a very expensive and
time-consuming process that took around six months to complete”.
Though the project cost A 1.6 million dollars( nearly 700,000 pounds), the alternative- re-cladding the entire
building- would have cost ten times as much.
Look at the following people and the list of statements below. Match each person with the correct
statement
1. Brian Waldron
2. Trevor Ford
3. Graham Dodd
4. Jonh Barry
List of statements
A. suggests that publicity about nickel sulphide failure has been suppressed
B. regularly sees cases of nickel sulphide failure

C. closely examined all the glass in one building
D. was involved with the construction of Bishop Walk
E.refers to the most extreme case of delayed failure.
F. claims that nickel sulphide failure was very unusual.
Answer:
1

2

3

4

Complete the summary with list of the words below:
Numerous
detected
quickly
warm
moved
disputed
unexpectedly

sharp
removed

contracts

Summary: Toughened glass is favored by architects because it is much stronger than ordinary glass, and the
fragments are not ….(5) when it breaks. However, it has one disadvantage. It can shatter..(6) . This fault is a
result of manufacturing process. Ordinary glass is first heated , then cooled very..( 7). The outer layer ..( 8)

before the inner layer and the tension between the two layers which is created because of this makes glass
stronger. However, if the glass contains nickel sulphide impurities, crystals of nickel sulphide are formed.
These are unstable and can expand suddenly, particularly if the weather is..(9)… If this happens, the pane of
glass may break. The frequency with which such problems occur is..( 10)… by glass experts. Furthermore,
the crystals can not be detected without sophisticated equipment.

Answer:
5

6

7

8

9

Section 5: Read the following passage and answer the questions ( 10pts)
A new life
A. The Farmer

10


Matt Froggatt used to be an insurance agent in the city of London but now runs a sheep farm
“After 14 years in bussiness, I found that the City had gone from a place which was exciting to work in to a
grind- no one was having fun any more. But I hadn’t planned to leave for another five or ten years when I
was made reduntdant. It came out of the blue. I didn’t get a particular pay-off but it was enough to set up the
farm with. My break came when I got to know the head chef of a local hotel with one of the top 20 hotel
restaurants in the country. Through supplying them, my reputation spread and now I also supply meat

through mail order. I’m glad I’m no longer stuck in the office but it is astonishing how little things have
changed for me: the same 80- to 90- hour week and still selling a product.”
B. The Painter
Ron Aablewhite was a manager in advertising but now makes a living as an artist
“ My painting began as a hobby but I realised I was getting far more excitement out it than out of working.
The decision to take redundancy and to become an artist seemed logical. The career counsellor I talked to
was very helpful. I think I was the first person who had ever told him “ I don’t want to go back to where I’e
been”. He was astonished because the majority of people in their mid- forties need to get back to work
immediately- they need the money. But we had married young and our children didn’t need our support. It
was a leap into the unknown. We went to the north of England, where we didn’t know a soul. It meant
leaving all our friends, but we’ve been lucky in that our friendships have survived the distance – plenty of
them come and visit us now.”
C. The Hatmakers
After working for five years as a company lawyer, Katherine Goodison set up her own bussiness in her
London flat, making hats for private clients.
“ My job as a lawyer was fun. It was stimulating and I earned a lot of money, but the hours were terrible. I
realised I didn’t want to become a senior partner in the company, working more and more hours, so I left. A
lot of people said I’d get bored, but that has never happened. The secret is to have deadlines. Since it’s a
fashion- related bussiness, you have the collections, next year’s shapes, the seasons- there’s always to much
to do, so you have to run a very regimented diary. I feel happier now, and definitely less stressed. There are
things you really long for, though like the social interaction with colleagues. What I love about this job is
that I’m totally responsible for the product. If I do a rubbish job, then I am the one who takes the blame. Of
course you care when you are working for a company, but when your name is all over the promotional
material, you care that little bit more”
D. The Masseur
Paul Drinkwater worked in finance for 16 years before becoming a masseur at the Life Centre in London.
“ I had been in finacial markets from the age of 22, setting up deals. I liked the adrenaline but I never found
the work regarding. I was nearly made redundant in 1989, but I escaped by resigning and travelling for a
year. I spent that year trying to work out what I wanted to do. I was interested in health, so I visited some of
the world’s best gymnasiums and talked to the owners about how they started up. I knew that to change

career I had to get qualifications so I did various courses in massage. Then I was offered part- time work at
the Life Centre. I have no regrets. I never used to feel in control, but now I have peace of mind and control
of my destinity. That’s best of all.”

For questions 51-60, choose from the people( A- D) . The people may be
chosen more than once.
1- enjoying their pastime more than the job they used to do
2- enjoying being in charge of their own life.
3- being surprised by suddenly losing their previous job
4- not having other people depending on them financially
5- missing working with other people
6- undergoing training in order to take up their new job
7- a contact being useful in promoting their new bussiness
8- not being interested in possible promotion in their old job
9- disliking the amount of time they used to have to work
10- surprising someone else by the decision they made


PART IV. WRITING
A. For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar in meaning as possible to the
original sentence, using the word given in capital letters. This word must not be altered in any way.
( 10 points)
1.The new boss is not very popular with his employees.
(take)
-> ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Tear gas was released as soon as the thieves touched the safe.

(sooner)

->……………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Bruce said that the situation at work was like a family argument.

(likened)

-> ……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. It is said that he was born in Segovia.

(reputed)

-> ……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. I think you should be tolerant of other people’s weaknesses.

(allowances)

-> ……………………………………………………………………………………………
B: You have recently seen a film you enjoyed very much. Write a letter to an English-speaking penfriend,
recommending the film and explaining why you thought it was so good (80-100 words). Use your name
and address as Tom Smith – 123, Red Street, Fantasy City.( 20pts)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
C: Write a composition at least 350 words on the following topic: ( 30pts)
Living in a tranditional family of three or four generations has both advantages and disadvantages. What
do you think of that matter?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
THE END