Chuyên đề 2 sự hòa hợp S V

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MODULE 2: SUBJECTS AND VERBS AGREEMENT
Singular and plural verbs : Sự hòa hợp giữa S và V trong cân nghĩa là sự lựa chọn 1 cách phù hợp và đúng
ngữ pháp giữ V số ít hay số nhiều theo sau S:
Eg:
The shop opens at nine.
The shops open at nine.

A. S ĐI VỚI V SỐ ÍT:

1. N +and +N: Khi chúng cùng nói đến 1 người, vật, ý tưởng, or 1 số nhóm từ đc nối với nhau băng “and” có
định từ, V và đại từ số ít khi 2 N dùng với nhau diễn tả 1 ý đơn:
Eg:
My best friend and adviser, Tom, is coming tonight.
2. Each/ every + singular N:
Eg:
Every article in this newspaper is very interesting
3. Each of / every of + plural N:
Eg:
Each of the children has a toy.
4. Either/ Neither/ the number/ one + of + plural N:
Eg:
if either of you does the homework now, we will be able to finish it soon.
One of my friends is going to Da Lat next week.
5. Each/ every + singular N + and + Each/ every + singular N: Eg: Each boy and each girl has a book
6. any + singular N
no + singular N
Some + singular N
anybody
nobody

somebody
anyone
no one
someone
anything
nothing
something
every + singular N
each + singular N
everybody
everyone
either*
everything
neither*
Eg:
everything looks bright and clean.
If anyone calls, tell himI’ll call back later
NOTE:
+ Either và neither là số ít nếu nó k đc sd với or và nor.
+ Either (1 trong 2) chỉ dùng cho 2 người, 2 vật. Nếu 3 người, 3 vật trở lên phải dùng any.
Eg:
If either of you takes a vacation now, we won’t be able to finish this work.
If any of students in this class is absent, he or she must have the permission of the instructor.
+ Neither (k 1 trong 2) chỉ dùng cho 2 người, 2 vật. Nếu 3 người, 3 vật trở lên phải dùng not any.
Eg:
Neither of two his classes gets an “c”
Not any of those pairs of shoes fits me.
7. Tính tốn: V số ít thường có thể đứng sau S chỉ số nhiều khi đọc các phép toán:
Eg:
two and two is/are four

Ten times fives is/are fifty.
8. Nhiều hơn 1: chúng ta thường dùng nhóm từ “more than one” vơi N và V số ít:
Eg:
if things do not get better, more than one person is going to have to find a new job.
9. Quốc gia: tên số nhiều của các quốc gia thường dùng với V và đại từ số ít:
Eg;
The United States is anxious to improve its image in Latin America.
10. Tổ chức: tên số nhiều của các tổ chức cũng thường dùng với V và đại từ số ít:
Eg:
Consolidated Fruigrowers has just taken over Universal Foodstores.
11. One of + the/ these/ those/ possessive adj + N số nhiều + V số ít :
Eg:
one of the students is going to attend the English Speaking Contest.
12. S là 1 clause, gerund, to + V infinitive : + V số ít: (người ta sẽ sd V-ing khi muốn diễn đạt 1 hành động cụ
thể xảy ra nhất thời, khi muốn diễn tả bản chất của sự việc, sự vât, thì phải dùng N)
Eg: that he fails the exam makes his parents sad.
Walking is good for health./ Dieting is very popular today ( but: diet is for those who sufer from a cerain
disease)
To live is to struggle.
Note: TH to +Vinfinitive đc sd làm S của câu thì V theo sau phải chia ở số ít, nhưng người ta thường sd S giả “it”
để mở đầu câu:
Eg:
to find the book is necessary for him= It is necessary for him to find the book.
13. S là uncountable N: furniture, water, traffic, progress, knowledge, homework,…:
Eg:
water needs for life.
14. S là nhóm từ, câu trích, tựa sách, tên truyện,…: singular V
Eg:“War and Peace” is masterpiece by Toilstoi. “We shall overcome” becomes international progressive slogan.
15. Các cụm từ sau chỉ 1 nhơm động vật hay gia súc, cho dù sau giới từ of là N số nhiều thì V vẫn chia theo ngơi
S chính- ngơi thứ 3 số ít:

Flock of birds, sheep
school of fish
pack of dogs
Herd of cattle
pride of lions
Eg:
the flock of birds is circling overhead.
The herd of cattle is breaking away.


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A school of fish is being attacked by sharks.
16. S là từ chỉ về money, time, distance, trọng lượng + định từ, V, đại từ số ít, ngay cả khi N là số nhiều:
Eg:
where is that five pounds i lent you?
Twenty miles is along way to walk.
We’ve only got five litres of petrol left. That is not enough.
17. S là những N có hình thức số nhiều nhưng thực tế là những N số ít:
+ Mơn học: mathematics, physics, economics, politics, linguistics, phonetics, atheletics, statistics,…
+ Bệnh tật: mumps, measles, rickets, shingles…..
+ Địa danh: Wales, the United States, The United Nations, The Phillipines,…
+ Sports: athletics, gymnastics, bowls
+ Games: billiards, darts, dominoes, draughts
+ N khác: News, innings, Billiards…
NOTE
Một vài N trên có thể có dạng số ít và số nhiều khi chúng có nghĩa thứ thuộc về vật chất:
Eg:
Tom laid a domino on the table.
These statistics are rather complicated. (= these figures)
Politics đi kèm với V số nhiều khi nó có nghĩa là nên lên quan điểm của ai đó.

Eg:
His politics are very left-wing. (= his political opinions)

B. S ĐI VỚI V SỐ NHIỀU:

1. S gồm nhiều N chỉ nhiều người hay nhiều vật đc nối với nhau bằng “and”
Eg;
Jonh and Joe are roommate in this school- year.
2. S là những N có hình thức số nhiều: các N trên thường xuyên ở dạng số nhiều vì chúng bao gồm 2 thực
thể, do vậy các V và đại từ đi cùng chúng phải ở ngôi thứ 3 số nhiều:
Trousers
eyeglasses
tongs – cái kẹp
shorts
scissors
tweezers- cái nhíp
Jeans
pants- quần
pliers – cái kim
Pyjamas
Glasses
binoculars
pincers
Scales ( forweighing)
tights
tweezers
Eg:
The pants are in the drawer.
The pliers are on the table.
These scissors are dull.

3. Nếu muốn biến chúng thành số ít dùng a pair of ...và lúc đó V và đại từ đi cùng với chúng phải ở ngôi thứ 3
số ít.
Eg:
This pair of scissors is dull.
The pair of pliers is on the table.
A pair of pants is in the drawer.
4. S là những đại từ or cụm từ: several, both, both..and, many, few, some, all, a number of, …
Eg:
several of students were absent yesterday.
Both are good.
5. S là những N đc thành lập bằng: THE + Adj: the blind, the rich, the poor, …
Eg:
the poor living here need help.
6. Một số N có hình thức số ít nhưng V chia số nhiều: people, police, cattle, public, clergy ( mục sư) gentry
( tiêu đề, đề mục),…
7. Nhóm người: trong T.A của người Anh, những từ số ít như: family, team, government, chỉ đến 1 nhóm
người, có thể đc sd với V và đại từ số ít hay số nhiều.
Eg: this team is/are going to lose.
8. Nhóm từ chỉ số lượng: nhiều nhơm từ chỉ số lượng số ít có thể đc sd với N, đại từ, V số nhiều:
Eg:
a number of people have tired to find the treasure, but they have all failed
A group of us are going to take a boat through the French canals
A couple of my friends are going to open a travel agency
A lot of social problems are caused by unemployment
The majority of criminals are non-violents
Some of these people are friends of mine and the rest are people from the office
Half of his students don’t understand a word be says

C. S ĐỨNG TÁCH KHỎI V:

1. Khi S là cụm từ:
Eg:
The first two parts of experience take the most time.
2. Đứng xem vào giữa S và V là 1 prep (1 gới từ mở đầu kết hợp với cac N theo sau). Ngữ giới từ này k quyết
định gì đến việc chia V. V phải chia theo S chính:
S + ngữ giới từ
+V
Eg:

The study of languages is very interesting.
Several theories on this subject have been proposed.
The view of these disciplines varies from time to time. The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly,
The effects of that crime are like to be devastating.
3. Các thành ngữ trong bảng dưới đây cùng với các N đi đằng sau nó tạo nên hiện tượng đồng S. cụm đồng
S này phải đứng tách biệt ra khỏi S chính và V bằng 2 dấu phẩy và k có ảnh hưởng giừ tới việc chia V.


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S1 +

,Together with,
along with
with
as well as
rather than
instead of
like/ unlike
no less than
in addition to

accompanied
a part from

+S2

+

V

Eg:

the actress, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight.
Mr. Robbins, accompanied by his wife and children, is arriving tonight.
4. Cách sd NONE, NO:
+ None of the: đc sd tùy theo N đứng đằng sau nó :
None + of the + uncountable noun/ singular N + singular verb
Eg :
None of the counterfeit money has been found. .
None + of the + plural countable noun + plural verb
Eg :
None of the students have finished the exam yet.
+ No: đc sd cũng tùy theo N đứng đằng sau nó :
No + uncountable noun/ singular noun + singular verb
No+ plural countable noun + plural verb
Eg :
No example is relevant to this case.
5. etheir ….or / neither…… nor:
Điều cần lưu ý nhất khi sd cặp thành ngữ này là V sau nó phải chia theo N sau or/ nor.
Neither +
N1

+
nor
+
N2
+ V
Either
or
Not only
but also
Eg:
Neither John nor Bill is going to the beach today.
Either John or Bill is going to the beach today.
Not only John but also Bill is going to the beach today.
6. Majority: N này đc dùng tùy theo N đi đằng sau nó
The majority
+
singular V
The majority of the
+
plural N
+
plural V
Eg:
The majority believes that we are in no danger. The majority of the students believes him to be innocent.
7. A number of / the number of:
A number of
+
plural N
+
plural V

The number of
+
plural N
+
singular V
Eg:
a number of students are going to the class picnic.
The number of days in a week is seven.

PRACTICE

Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
1. Living expenses in this country, as well as in many others, is at an all-time high.
A. Living
B. as well as
C. is
D. all-time
2. The effects of cigarette smoking has been proven to be extremely harmful.
A. The
B. cigarette smoking
C. has
D. extremely
3. It is impossible to believe that somebody actually admire that man.
A. impossible
B. believe
C. actually
D. admire
4. Every Elementary School teacher have to take a training course.
A. Every

B. Elementary
C. have to
D. a
5. John, along with twenty friends, are celebrating a party.
A. along with
B. friends
C. are
D. a party
6. Linguistics bring us to further understanding of cultures, societies and civilizations.
A. bring
B. further
C. of
D. societies
7. English is one of the most popular language in the world.
A. is
B. most
C. language
D. the
8. It is disconcerting to believe that every possible candidate have been rejected for one reason or another.
A. disconcerting
B. possible
C. have
D. one
9. We believe that some of the employees is going to be promoted to the higher position.
A. believe
B. some of
C. is going to
D. to

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10. The decision regarding the merger of the two companies were announced to the public yesterday.
A. regarding
B. companies
C. were announced
D. public
11. The interrogation, conducted by the police officers, have lasted for several hours.
A. interrogation
B. conducted by
C. officers
D. have
12. Success in business requiring certain strategies that satisfy both the employer and the employees.
A. requiring
B. strategies
C. both
D. employees
13. Either Pete or John are helping today with stage decorations.
A. Either
B. are helping
C. with
D. decorations
14. The state of Michigan have endowed three institutes to do research for industry.
A. The
B. have endowed
C. to do
D. for
15. Everyone on the board of directors agree with the planned merger.
A. Everyone
B. directors
C. agree

D. planned
16. The manager and accountant have been on business for a week.
A. The
B. and
C. have
D. on business
17. The number of corrections made during the first stage have influenced the charges significantly.
A. The
B. corrections
C. influenced
D. significantly
18. All of the students in the class taught by Professor Roberts is required to turn in their term papers next
Monday.
A. All of
B. taught by
C. is required
D. their
19. None of the boys in this class are good at English.
A. None
B. boys
C. are
D. English
20. Not only the painting method but also the colors has aroused the interest of art critics.
A. Not only
B. but also
C. has aroused
D. art critics
21. The singer and composer are performing tonight.
A. The singer
B. and

C. are
D. tonight
22. Every staff member require to be trained in security procedures to ensure the safety of customer's private
information.
A. require
B. security
C. safety
D. customer's private
23. The students hasn’t done their homework yet.
A. The
B. hasn’t
C. their
D. yet
24. The furniture were more expensive than we had thought.
A. furniture
B. were
C. expensive
D. had thought
25. Studying a foreign language often lead students to learn about the culture of the countries where it is
spoken.
A. Studying
B. lead
C. the culture
D. where
26. Everybody who have a fever must go home at once.
A. Everybody
B. have
C. fever
D. at once
27. The president felt that no one were better suited for the position of chief staff advisor.

A. The
B. felt
C. were
D. position
28. Our website has a page that answer frequently asked questions by its users.
A. has
B. that
C. answer
D. questions
29. There are a 25% discount on all electrical goods until the end of the week.
A. are
B. 25% discount
C. electrical goods
D. of
30. Being a banker were one of my dreams when I was a child.
A. Being
B. were
C. dreams
D. was
Exercise 2: Choose the best word or phrase to complete in the following questions.
1. A large number of students in Chu Van An high school ____ English fluently.
A. speaks
B. is speaking
C. has spoken
D. speak
2. Five billion dollars ____ not enough to aid the victims of the earthquake.
A. have been
B. were
C. is
D. are

3. A series of lectures ____ being presented at the Central Hall this week.
A. are
B. will be
C. has become
D. is
4. Beauty as well as health ____ failed her term.
A. has
B. have
C. is
D. are
5. Two years in a strange country ____ like a long time for lonely people.
A. is appearing
B. has appeared
C. appears
D. appeared
6. Peter, with his two buddies, ____ the cherry tree now.
A. has split
B. have split
C. is splitting
D. are splitting
7. Bread and butter ____ what Jane asks for.
A. is
B. are
C. will be
D. have been
8. If anyone ____, tell them I will call when I come back.
A. was calling
B. called
C. call
D. calls

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9. The film "Titanic" ____ very interesting and romantic.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
10. Mathematics ____ my favorite subject.
A. is
B. are
C. has been
D. have been
11. Neither the parents nor the children ____ aware of the danger.
A. were
B. was
C. are
D. has been
12. The Browns ____ in New York since they migrated to America in 2000.
A. are living
B. have lived
C. have been living
D. has been living
13. Each of the boys in my class ____ the football team.
A. joins
B. have joined
C. are joining
D. join
14. Neither of the restaurants we went to ____ expensive.
A. have been

B. are
C. was
D. were
15. Neither Mary nor her brothers ____ a consent form for tomorrow’s field trip.
A. need
B. needs
C. is needing
D. has needed
16. Here ____ notebook and report that I promised you last week.
A. is the
B. are the
C. was the
D. were the
17. Mr. John, accompanied by several members of the committee, __ proposed some changes of the rules.
A. have
B. has
C. are
D. is
18. Advertisements on YouTube ____ becoming more competitive than ever before.
A. has
B. have
C. are
D. is
19. A number of sheep ____ died of a strange illness.
A. have
B. has
C. is
D. are
20. Half of the letters she sent him ____ in purple ink.
A. wrote

B. has written
C. was written D. were written
21. Either Laura or her husband ____ breakfast each morning.
A. make
B. is making
C. makes
D. made
22. The army ____ eliminated this section of the training test.
A. has
B. is having
C. are
D. have
23. What he told you ____ to be of no importance.
A. seems
B. seem
C. must seem
D. have seemed
24. Psychologists have found that the number of social contacts we have ____ only reason for loneliness.
A. are not the
B. is not the
C. are not an
D. is not an
25. The flock of birds ____ circling overhead.
A. gets
B. are
C. is
D. get
26. The use of credit cards in place of cash ____ increased rapidly in recently years.
A. have been
B. has been

C. has
D. have
27. The fact that the new staff members were complimented on their achievement _ known to the whole
company.
A. has
B. have
C. was
D. are
28. If nobody ____ bought that car from the dealer, then you should return and make another offer.
A. have
B. will have
C. had
D. has
29. Massachusetts and Connecticut ____ located in New England.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
30. Everything ____ bright and clean.
A. looking
B. to look
C. looks
D. is looking
31. Much homework ____ given to students every day.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. was
32. The facilities at the new research library, including an excellent microfilm file, ____ wonderful.
A. are

B. is
C. has been
D. was
33. The police ____ making enquiries about the murder.
A. are
B. is
C. was
D. be
34. To do such a hard work ____ so many people.
A. need
B. needing
C. to need
D. needs
35. The methods for studying the world ____ been developed slowly through the work of many people.
A. have
B. having
C. has
D. to have
36. The regulations governing animal research ____ many provisions to safeguard animal welfare.
A. contains
B. contain
C. have been contained
D. is containing
37. Thanks to the recent anti-smoking campaign, the number of smokers in the country ____.
A. has reduced
B. reduce
C. to reduce
D. having reduced
38. Each of the 4 types of human ____ suited for a specific purpose.
A. tooth are

B. teeth is
C. tooth is
D. teeth are
39. There ____ shops on either side of the street many years ago.


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A. were
B. was
C. is
D. are
40. Neither of my parents ____ my boyfriend.
A. like
B. likes
C. liked
D. has liked
41. The teams ____ ends at half-time so that neither side has an unfair advantage.
A. has changed
B. change
C. changes
D. had changed
42. Physics ____ my favorite subject when I was at high school.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
43. The unemployed ____ to live on the unemployment benefits.
A. has
B. have
C. had

D. are
44. Why he was absent from the class yesterday ____ unknown.
A. is
B. are
C. have been
D. were
45. “I’m poor! Nobody ____ me.” “I know a person who ____ you. It’s me.”
A. love/ likes
B. loves/ like
C. loves/ likes
D. love/ like
46. The furniture he has in his bedroom ____ a bed and a table.
A. is
B. are
C. has been
D. have been
47. Learning English to find a better job ____ my aim in the next time.
A. is
B. are
C. will be
D. has been
48. Can I borrow your dictionary for a moment? Mine ____.
A. have been left
B. has been left
C. was left
D. were left
49. According to the announcement, only 30% of the applicants ____ selected for the next interview.
A. are
B. is
C. was

D. been
50. The development of popular music through the ages ____by the documentary.
A. was traced
B. were traced
C. have been traced
D. are traced
51. "Romeo and Juliet" ____ a tragedy written by William Shakespeare.
A. are
B. was
C. were
D. is
Exercise 3: Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order to make the
sentence correct.
1. Neither his parents nor his teacher are satisfied with his result when he was at high school.
A
B
C
D
2. Daisy was the only one of those girls that get the scholarship.
A
B
C D
3. Working provide people with personal satisfaction as well as money.
A
B
C
D
4. Either the doctor or the nurses takes care of changing the patients’ bandages.
A
B

C
D
5. Every student who majors in English are ready to participate in the oratorical contest.
A
B
C
D
6. One hundreds eight thousand miles is the speed of light.
A
B
C
D
7. The guest of honour, along with his wife and children, were sitting at the first table when we had
a party yesterday.
A
B
C
D
8. The audience was enjoying every minute of the performance.
A
B
C
D
9. All the books on the top shelf belongs to me.
A
B
C
D
10. Five thousand pounds were stolen from the bank.
A

B
C D
11. Happiness and success depends on yourself.
A
B
C
D
12. The loss of her husband and two of her sons were too much for her.
A
B
C
D
13. David and his brother was indicted yesterday on charges of grand theft.
A
B
C
D
14. Current research on AIDS, in spite of the best efforts of hundreds of scientists, leave serious
A
B
C
questions unanswered.
D
15. Everyone have to plan a program that fits into the day’s schedule and that allows for good exercise and
A
B
C
D
appropriate rest.
Exercise 4: Circle the best answer.

1. The science classes at this ______ difficult.


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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

a. schools are
b. school is
c. school are
d. school's is
One of the ______ from Italy.

a. students is
b. students are
c. student are
d. student is
______ to support the case against James?
a. Is there any proof
b. Are there any proof c. Is there any proofs
d. Are there any proofs
You have to pay extra if you take too______ with you.
a. much luggages
b. many luggages
c. much luggage
d. many luggage
______ in your lass have tickets for the lecture series?
a. Do any of the student
b. Does any of the student
c. Do any of the students
d. Does any of the students
Bob got fired. It's going to be difficult for him to find……..job.
a. other
b. another
c. the other
d. the another
There______ available in his area of specialization.
a. isn’t a lot of job
b. aren't a lot of jobs c. isn't a lot of jobs
d. aren't a lot of job
He made the soup by mixing______ meat with some rice.
a. little
b. few

c. a little
d. a few
Many of the ______ not expect to win.
a. participants in the race do
b. participants in the races does
c. participants in the race does
d. participant in the race does
The English______ strong traditions.
a. has many
b. have much
c. have many
d. has much
______ moved to that city recently.
a. A number of Vietnamese have
b. A number of Vietnamese has
c. The number of Vietnamese has
b. The number of Vietnamese have
Each of the reference _____ available in the school library.
a. books on that list is
b. books on that list are c. book on that list is d. book on that list are
Several____ sleeping under a tree.
a. of lions were
b. lion was
c. of the lions was
d. lions were
Many of the ____ not used to day. They are remnants of the past.
a. railroad tracks around here are
b. railroad's tracks around here is
c. railroad tracks around here is
d. railroad's tracks around here are

As we walked through the jungle, the ____ unusually quiet.
a. monkeys were
b. monkeys was
c. monkies were
d. monkies was
At the news conference, several reporters didn't get clear answer to _____ questions.
a. theirs
b. their
c. his and hers
d. his and her
I have a _____ sister.
a. seven years olds
b. seven years old
c. seven year old
d. seven year olds
There_____ in the world today.
a. is any new computer company
b. is many new computer companies
c. are many new computer companies
d. are new many computer companies
Self-esteem is important. It's important for people to like _____
a. oneself
b. yourself
c. him/herself
d. themselves
What_____ you used in picking a winner in the art contest?
a. is the criteria
b. are the criteria
c. are the criterion
d. are the criterions