Tục ngữ, ca dao nói ngược

N G O N NG0

SO 3

2011

TIM HI^U N G 6 N NGQ VAN CHl/ONG

TVC NGC, CA DAO NOI NGUdC
HOANG THAI SOfN
mdn bi mgt ciia nd, phdi frdi nhieu
trdn trd, va chgm vdi thyc te ddi sdng
mdi hieu dugc mpt cdch diing ddn,
mdi thay het vd sau sde tiem an bdn
frong khdng de gi ndm dugc ngay,
thgm chi cd khi nhgn ra roi van frong
tam frgng choi vol, nua tin nua ngd.
Cau tyc ngQ An Bdc. mdc Nam Id mpt
tmdng hgp. Xua nay van cho cau ndy
diic ket ve the mgnh chuyfn "dn" chuyfn
"mdc" cua hai mien; rdng ngudi mien
Bdc biet nau nhieu mdn ngon, rat sanh
cdch dn, cdn d mien Namtillmdc d?p,
chung difn bdnh bao. Gidi thich nhu
the Id khdng du co sd thuyet phyc,
bdi moi mien deu cd chiing cd ve sy
dn ngon mdc d?p ciia minh, vd quan
Ve logi nlign biet de ddng cd thd trpng hon cd Id lay gi de bdo hon vdi
ke nhu cau;
tiiua? Dil khdng rO rdng chiit nao, nhung
cau tyc ngQ cii ton tgi frong dan gian;

Bao gi& cho din thdng ba
mdi gan day mdi cd y kien rat cd li,
Ech cdn cd rdn tha ra ngodi ddng
rdng d6 Id mpt cau ndi nghia ngugc
Hiim ndm cho Ipn liim ldng
hodn todn: An Nam, mge Bdc. Ngam
Mpt chyc qua hdng nuot ldo tdm kl, thl hieu tiie diing hon, bdi ngudi
Nam bp dau dau cung cd nhflng bQa
mucn...
Logi khd nhgn biet mpt chiit, nhu nhgu "tdi ben" dan dd vd cimg da ddi,
sung sudng, dn the mdi gpi Id dn; cdn
cau;
dan Bdc hinh nhu chii y den phyc siic
Ddn dng ndng ndi giing khai
hem, nhat Id vdo miia thu vd miia ddng
Ddn bd sdu sde nhu eai dtptg trdu. dugc ggi la mua chung difn md xii
Dieu ddng ndi Id nhieu cau ngpn ndng Nam bp khdng thay ndi tdi. Di
gid thdi gian van chua vdn len tam nhien dd chi Id cau ndi klidi qudt mang
Trong ddi song thudng nhgt, ta
g$p rat nhieu cdch "ndi mpt ddng, hieu
mpt ndo", ndi vgy md khdng phdi vgy...
Ca dao, tyc ngQ la ket tinh ldi dn tieng
noi ciia nhan dan trong giao luu, smh
hogt rat da dgng, phong phii, bdi vgy
hifn tirgng fren cung khd pho bien;
cdtiirdnghgp nghe Id hieu ngay, cung
cd tmdng hgp kin dao, lgi dien dgt
thdng qua hlnh dnh ndn rat khd nhgn
biet. Cd the ndi vifc tim ra npi dung
dIch thyc ciia nhieu cau ca dao, tyc

ngQ ndi ngugc cdn Id vifc ldm khd
lau ddi vd can tiuet, 11tiiii.Bdi viet
ngdn ndy chi Id may ndt suy nghl nit
ra tii kho tdng phong phu ndifrenmd
vifc diing sai dl nhidn van Id dieu rat
can dugc frao doi.


44
tinh tdng the, va ngdy nay frong giao
luu rpng rdi thl mpi chuyfn dd thay
doi nhidu.

Ngdn ngfl sd 3 nam 2011

trong liic mpi vifc trdn lgi la cdng vifc.
Id gdnh vac cua tiie hf frd. Ngay xua,
khi giao luu hgn hpp, di lgi khd khdn,
Dan gian lgi cd cau diic kdt: Ra ddi sdng thap dd the; bay gid cupc
du&ng hdi bd gid, ve nhd hdi con tri. sdng cang tdc dp hem, sdi dpng hon
frong xu thd rat ndng dpng, thi cau
Cho den nay hinh nhu chua ai trdn cang dung vdi nghia: Vi nhd hdi
CO y kien gi vd cau ndy; ridng chiing bd gid, ra du&ng hdi con tre.
toi thay cd Id day cung Id mpt cau noi
Trdn tgp chi Ngdn ngii- vd D&i
ngugc. Ta thu tim hieu tii thyc te xem
sdng
CO dgo cd cupc frao ddi ve cau;
sao. Bd gid thudng quanh quan trong
Gdi thuang ehdng dang ddng

nha, coi trong ngd ngodi, lo chuyfn
bep mic, con gd con lgn, lo qudt dpn budichg
gidt giu "quanh ndm khdng ra khoi
Trai thucmg vp ndng qudi chiiu
ba hdn mic bep" cho con chdu di ldm hdm.
chir may khi ra dudng, mpi chuyfn
Nhieu y kien cho rdng day la cau
ngodi xd hpi tai ngheng ngdng, mdt
kem nhem, tri ndo my mi lam sao hieu. nhdm ca nggi tinh cam thuy chung,
Ngugc lgi bpn fre lgi chdng bao gid cao dq? cua hai ddi tugng Vg va Chong
chju ngdi nhd, neu khdng den tmdng frong nhirng hodn canh khac nhau;
ciing rong choi, danh khdng danh ddo, rdng giQa chg ddng, ngudi vg rat nhd
thd dieu, chpi de, mpi ngd ngach xo thuang chdng d nhd lo toanfrdmvifc
xinh ai lam gi, noi nao co le hpi, noi cho minh di chg; cdn ngudi chong,
nao CO sy c6...1d nd biet sdm nhat, chieu chieu, nhin ndng quai md thuang
con nhu hdi coi frong nhd cdi gi de ngudi vg lam lu... Chung tdi thay van
dau, cua nd cat dau ldm gi biet, may dd cd ve khdng don gian nhu the. Trudc
ra chi biet do choi cua minh cho ndo het can chii y tdi cdc chii the. Can thay
ma thoi. Nhu vgy thi mpi chuyfn trong d day khdng phai Id "Vg thuong chdng"
nha can hoi phdi hdi cac ba gia, cdn ma la gdi, vd ciing chdng phai "Chong
ngoai dudng phai hdi bpn fre; hai the thucmg vg" md la trail Y tii npi dung
hf do CO hai mdi tmdng hogt dpng ndm ngay d each gpi do, chir neu la
khdc nhau, tuy thupc liia tuoi, tinh vg, la chdng thi cdn gi ban nua. Cd
net, cong vifc khdng the thay thd cho cd vg va anh chong ndo do d day dd
nhau. Md rpng khai nifm du&ng va thoat khoi vai frd vg, chong ciia minh
nhd ra, khai quat hon, thi rd rang ldp roi, va vdo vai gdi, trai ndng ve am
ngudi gia khdng phai lyc lugng lao chi tinh dye trong chuyfn gdi trai;
dpng chinh nQa roi, ldm sao ndm bdt chu gdi, trai a day khong mang nghia
dugc mpi chuyfn qudc gia dgi sy, gidi tfnh ma ham nghia chi cac doi
chuyfn soi dpng ngodi xd hpi, do la tugng frong quan hf khong hay nhu

ldp ngudi budc bdn Id dudng ddi roi; theo trai, nuoi frai frong nhd, rdi theo


Tuc ngfl...
gdi, dgi gdi, dem tien cho gdi hay nhu
gdi ldngti-ailo, "traiti-dngdi dudi"...
Ta thir di vdo cy thd. Tmdc het
ndi ve vi tri ciia cdi ehp vd nhan vgt
gdi. Xua cd cau: Gdi chpn chdng ra
ddng md chpn/ Trai tim vp ra ehp
md tim vi ngodi dong Id noi cdc chdng
trai the hifn rd nhat sirc khod, tinh
net, khd ndng cay bua lam lyng cua
minh; cdn chg Id noi cdc cd gdi the
hifn tdi mua bdn, lo toan, thu vdn cua
minh cho nen chpn vg, tim chong
nhQng noi dd la tot nhat. Nen vg ndn
chong hay sd nghe tan ddn qua cdc
phien chg Id chuyfn khdng hiem. Khong
dau bdng chg, von Id noi hpn hd, ldm
quen nhau, thgm chi Id noi gdp lgi
ngudi tinh cu. Chg tinh Khau Vai vd
nhieu chg tinh d nhieu vimg khdc von
noi rd dieu nay; biet bao buon vui
frong cdc phidn chg tinh. Den muc
nhu chuyfn Bd gid di chp cdu Ddng/
hdi xem thdy bdi Idy chdng lgi chdng?,
thi chg qua Id noi kiem tim hgnh phiic
vd ciing Id noi ngudi ta de qudn gia
dinh de budng tha sau nhieu troi bupc.

Ngudi ddn bd den chg, cdi tam do lam
vg trong nong nan bao dnh mdt tieng
cudi. Cho ndn d thdi diem ay cd ngudi
vg qudn chong thi diing hon Id thucmg.
Cdn neu n6i thuang Id theo kieu "thuong
cdi xuong khong cdn" thdi! Vi sao
khdng thuong chong noi nao, lgi thuong
gifla chg dong ngudi, vdn la noi nhieu
li tan hgnh phiic sau do hay xdy ra
dd dugc thyc te chiing minh?
Con nhan vgt trai. Ndu co gdng
di tim net tuong dong ve boi canh cua
chdng frai frong cau dudi vdi cd gdi

45
d cau fren, la khdng dugc. Ngudi gdi
giua chg chpn rpn dn do ma thuang
chdng, nhung ngudi trai khdng cimg
cai khdng gian tuong ty de ma thucmg
vg. Anh ta ngoi d mpt vi tri khdc, cd
don frong tam frgng cua mpt gd frai
cd vg khi nhin ngpn rtdng qudi chiiu
hdm sdp tdt. Thay gi frong cdi anh
ndng khong dpp dd kia? Tinh cam
ddnh cho vg cua gd co Id dpc dia, ma
quai nhu cdi thii dnh ndng gay gdt sdp
tan ay! Anh ta thoat khdi vai lam chdng,
frd lgi la mpt gd trai dang nghi den
gdi nao roi vdi bao tinh toan den toi.
Tgi sao khong ai gpi Id "chdng" dd

danh, ciing khong la "chang frai", ma
la trai mpt each fran tryi, do chinh
Id cdi nhin cua ngudi quan sat danh
gia doi tugng; gd trai kia dang nghT
ve ngudi vg frong con mdt nhin qua
vgt ndng qudi chieu sdp tdt dpc dia
chii chdng hay hdm gi! Sau suy nghl
do sd la gi? Phdi chdng quan hf cua
hp sd roi vdo bdng dem nhu ndng chieu
tan nhanh, mdt frdi khuat niii? Vi sao
khong de ngudi chong ngoi nghi tdi
ngudi vg dudi dnh ndng ban mai trong
lanh day sirc song am dp, ma la mpt
trai vdi tam dia ngdn ngang, chdn
chudng frong hap hdi ndng chieu qudi
di dang lyi tdn? Sy thidu chung thuy
cua hai nhan vgt gdi va trai frong cau
qua la "ke tam Igng ngudi nira can"!
Song that lyc bat la mpt the tho
uyen chuyen, trQ tinh; nhung neu hai
cau bay chu cir treo lo Iimg khi khong
CO cdp lyc bat sau do sd la mpt sy co
y ciia tdc gid, thudng khien gay irc
che, tung tiic, nd bao tmdc mpt npi
dung khong binh thudng, cd khi rat


46
freo ngoe. M$t khdc, nghf thu^t gieo
van cho thay hai cau cd quan hf van

lung (chg - vg) von de chi sy ngang
trai, go ghe, noi cgm hon Id xudi chdo
mat mai nhu nhQng cau sir dyng van
chan khdc. Ta gjp khdng nhieu cdc
cau song that diing Id, van lung trong
tho dan gian, can thay dd Id nhQng
cau cyc hay, nhu cau; Qucm cdn nhtmg
ddn khdng vpi/ Quan cd vpi quan ldi
quan sang... Nhd tho dan gian tinh
te ldm: npi dung ndo, nghf thugt ay
chir dau phdi vd tinh dimg chQ nghia,
van lu^t, the cdch tuy tifn.

Ngdn ngfl sd 3 nam 2011

ngay cho ndy. Q6 Id mpt cau ndi ngugc
khdng de nhgn ra: Trong mpt boi cdnh
ndo do, mpt khdng gian ndo dd con
ngudi ta de thodt khdi minh vdi tam
trgng rieng tu sau thdm. Cd cau tho
Cd nhiimg phiit gidy ngodi vg ngodi
chdng ngdy nay ai cGng biet vd ciing
chap nhgn, thgm chi thfch Id nhu vgy.
Dd Id liic con ngudi, von phiic tgp,
sau sde, nhieu khd ndng phan than
ty gidi phdng khdi rdng bupc vg chong
md cd Id ngudi hien ldnh nhat, thuy
chung khdng ai bdng, cQng it nhat
frong ddi mgt lan nghl tdi. Rd rdng
Tdm lgi neu muon hieu diing hai

hai nhan vgt gdi vd trai ti day chdng
cau frdn, ngodi vifc hieu hai chQ gdi
mang tinh cdm tot dpp gi (11 do thl
vd trai ti day, ngudi nghe phdi "cdnh
khdng rd, ai md biet gia cdnh ciia hg
gidc" vdi npi hdm chQ thucmg frong kia chir?!). NhQng trudng hgp nhu
do, no khdng cdn binh thudng nhu vgy von khdng hiem, trong xd hgi giao
trong nhflng vdn cdnh khdc nfla. Phdi luu rpng rai ngdy nay ciing cdng nhieu
tmh tri gdc Igi npi dung hien ngdn cua hem. Chiing ta vira gign song ciing
cdi chQ thucmgtiday von Id cdi bay rat ndn thdng cdm, tha thii vi nd day
nguy hiem, cy the; hodn todn phdi hieu tinh ngudi md thdi. Vi the, cau ca dan
ngugc lgi, ndi thuang tire Id "ghdt". gian frdn ciing Id sy cdnh tinh tham
Id "qudn"! Mau chot hai cau n6i ndm
thuy vd mdi mai sd cdn y nghia sau sde.