Presentation cơ bản về ngữ pháp tiếng Anh

/>Presentation
Before you start
There are five questions you should answer.
Who are you going to talk to?
You can plan better if you know something about your audience’s level of English and
their knowledge of your subject. If you know your audience, you can choose the right
vocabulary and style. You can also decide how to tailor your presentation to your
audience and how to make the introduction relevant and interesting.
Why are you giving presentation?
Are you trying to sell something to someone, persuade someone to do something, or tell
someone something? What do you want your audience to think or feel at the end of the
talk? What will their next step be? Is it necessary to give a presentation, or would it be
more appropriate to write a report oa a memo?
How long will your presentation be?
You need to know how much information to include and to save times for questions and
answers at the end. Generally, presentations don’t go for longer than 30 minutes. If
yours goes on for longer than this, there’s a risk your audience will get sleepy!
Where will your presentation be?
Make sure that you have a big enough room with all the equipment you need. If
possible, check the room before you go in so that you know the equipment works
properly and that there is enough lighting and ventilation.
When will your presentation be given?
If it’s right before lunch, or last thing on a Friday afternoon, your audience may not be
as attentive as at other times. Make especially sure your presentation is interesting and
informative if you are going to give it at a difficult time.
Planning
If you know who you are talking to and why you are talking to them, you can start to
put yourself in your audience’s position. You can think of what information to include
/>in your presentation and how to order it. You also think about an introduction to the
presentation which will interest your audience.
Your presentation can probably be split into five main areas:

Introduction
Overview
Main body of the presentation
Summary
Question and answer session
Make brief notes about all the points you want to make in your presentation and make a
plan. It’s useful to put your points on individual index cards to help you during the
presentation. The index card can also be used for writing the pronounciation of a word
you have difficulty saying.
Introducing the presentation
Get someone else to introduce you to the audience. This gives you credibility as a
speaker and means that you don’t have to waste time telling people who you are and
why you are there.
After you are introduced to the audience, you can start your presentation. What you say
at the beginning is crucial - if you don’t interest your audience at this stage, it is
difficult to keep them listening to you. Think of something to say that means something
importance to the audience. It could be a problem that you know how to solve, or fact
or statistic that they need to know. This opening statement or question shouldn’t take
something to think about.
Overviews
After you give your opening statement, you should give a brief overview of your
presentation. This includes what your presentation is about and what you are going to
cover, how long you will take and how you are going to handle questions.
For example, a presentation to sales staff could start like this:
Welcome
/>“Hello everyone”
Opening statement
“As you all know, this company is losing its market share. But we are being asked to
increase sales by 20%. How can we possibly increase sales in a shrinking market?”
Overview

“Today I am going to talk to you about how we can do this. My presentation will be in
three parts. Firstly I am going to look at the market and the background. Then I am
going to talk to you about our new products and how they fit in. Finally, I’m going to
examine some selling strategies that will help us increase our sales by 20%.”
“The presentation will probably take around 20 minutes. There will be time for
questions at the end of my talk”
Useful language for overviews
“My presentation is in four parts.”
“My presentation is divided into three main sections.”
“Firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally …”
“I’m going to …..
take a look at …
talk about …
examine …
tell you something about the background …
give you some facts and figures …
fill you in on history of …
concentrate on …
limit myself to the question of …”
“Please feel free to interrupt me if you have questions.”
“There will be time for questions at the end of the presentation.”
“I’d be grateful if you could ask your questions after the presentation.”
The main body of the presentation
/>After you give your overview, you can begin with the presentation itself. By this time,
you should be feeling more relaxed and your audience will know why they are listening
to you.
During your planning stage, you will have organized your presentation into main points
as well as the supporting evidence. If you have each point on an index card, it will be
easy to follow your plan. For example, if you are giving a presentation to sales staff (as
in the example above), remind them occasionally of the benefit of what you are saying.

Useful expression for reoffering back
“As I said at the beginning …””
“This, of course, will help you (to achieve the 20% increase).”
“As you remember, we are concerned with …”
“This ties in with my original statement …”
“This relates directly to the question I put to you before …”
Keeping your audience with you
As you go through your presentation, remember that what you are saying is new to your
audience. You are clear about the structure of your talk, but they may not be. For this
reason, you should let your audience know when you are moving on to a new point.
You can do this by saying something like “right”, or “Ok”. You can also use some of
the following expression:
“I’d like to move on to …”
“I’d like to turn to …”
“That’s all I have to say about …”
“Now I’d like to look at …”
“This lead me to my next point …”
If you are using index cards, putting the link between points at the bottom will help you
remember to keep the audience with you. In addition, by glancing at your index cards
you will be pausing - this will also help your audience to realize that you are moving on
to something new.
Using visuals
/>If you are going to using visuals, be careful not put too much information on them. In
general, visual should only be used to illustrate information that would otherwise take
too long explain.
When you design your visuals, think about how you are going to present the
information. Are you going to use to use pie charts, bar graphs or normal graphs? How
much labeling do you need? The simpler you can keep them, the better. Don’t use too
many words on the visual, but feel free to use colour and different fonts to get your
point across.

It’s important to introduce your visual to the audience. Useful language to
introduce visuals
“This graph shows you …”
“Take a look at this …”
“If you look at this, you will see …”
“I’d like you to look at this …”
“This chart illustrate the figures …”
“This graph gives you a break down of …”
When you show your visual to the audience, give them enough time to absorb the
information. Pause to allow them to look at the information and then explain why the
visual is important.
Useful language to say why a visual is important
“As you can see …”
“This clearly shows …”
“From this, we can understand how/why …”
“This part is particularly important …”
“This area of the chart is interesting …”
Using your voice