Con đường tất yếu tiến bộ phát triển của Trung Quốc đương đại quá trình tìm tòi và đặc điểm bản chất của con đường XHCN đặc sắc Trung Quốc.

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<b>QUA TRiNH TtM TOI VA DAC DIEM BAN CHAT </b>

<i><b>Cbk CON D f CfNG XHCN DAC SAC TRUNG Qn6c </b></i>

<b>GS. LAC VAN OONG </b>
<i>Vien Nghien ciiu Chu nghia Mdc </i>
<i>-Vien Khoa hoc xd hoi Trung Quoc </i>

D

i t h e o con du'dng nao la va'n
de q u a n t r o n g lien q u a n t6i

sU hu'ng suy t h a n h bai ciia

stl nghiep each m a n g va kie'n t h i e t d a t

<i>nifdc. 60 n a m tii k h i nxidc T r u n g Quo'c </i>

mdi ra ddi don nay, dac biet la 30 n a m

cai each mci ctia, t r o n g thtJc tien lanh

dao n h a n d a n tien h a n h each m a n g , xay

diing va cai each CNXH, DCS T r u n g

Quo'c da tiing bufcic s a n g t a o r a con

du'dng X H C H d a c sac T r u n g Quo'c,

<i>h u d n g tdi vien c a n h txidi s a n g p h a t </i>

t r i e n da't niidc g i a u m a n h va phiic

hUng d a n toe. N g a y 18-12-2008, t r o n g

Le ky n i e m 30 n a m Hoi nghi T r u n g

lidng 3 k h o a XI D C S T r u n g Quoc. Tong

Bl thif Ho C a m D a o d a chi r a : "Trai

q u a 30 n a m t i m toi thtic t i e n va s a n g

t a o ly l u a n , c h i i n g t a d a n h a n thiic s a u

sac hdn, n a m viing h d n ve CNXH dac

sac T r u n g Quo'c". " T r u n g Quo'c hien

n a y kien tri con du'dng X H C N dac sSc

T r u n g Quo'c c h i n h la thiic sU kien tri

CNXH". L u a n d i e m q u a n t r o n g n a y ciia

d o n g chi Ho C a m D a o da cho t h a y r 5 y

chi k i e n c u d n g va niem tin viing chSc

vao vice D C S T r u n g Quoc l a n h dao

n h a n d a n k i e n tri di t h e o con diidng

X H C N dac sSc T r u n g Quoc. Difng trifdc

sii b i e n doi k h o n lifdng ctia t i n h h i n h

quo'c t e va sii philc t a p ciia t i n h h i n h

t r o n g nifdc, tif gdc do k e t hdp giiia lich

sii va ly l u a n , thd'ng n h a t giiJa n h a n

thiic va thiic tien, viec n g h i e n cifu q u a

t r i n h tim tdi va dac diem b a n c h a t ciia

con difdng X H C N dac sSc T r u n g Qud'c

cd y nghTa q u a n t r o n g dd'i vdi viec nSm

b a t c h i n h xac n g u y e n n h a n c a n b a n va

phifdng hifdng cho sii t i e n bo p h a t t r i e n

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LAC VAN OONG

1. Con dudng XHCN dac sac Trung

Quoc la sir lira chon ljch su

Nhif chiing ta deu biet, tif sau the ky
XV, con dudng phat trien ciia cac nUdc

ldn phUdng Tay hau he't deu thdng qua
hoc lot trong nUdc, chiem doat roi tien tdi
chien tranh xam lUdc ra ben ngoai. Tif
sau the ky XX, mot so' nUdc dang phat
trien tuy da thiic hien tang trudng
nhanh nen kinh te' trong mot giai doan
nao dd, nhUng da xuat hien nhiing van
de nghiem trong nhu khoang each giau
ngheo md rong, mau thuan xa hdi gay
gat, mdi trUdng sinh thai bien ddi xau.
Dd'i vdi mot nUdc ldn phUdng Ddng lac
hau ve kinh te, van hoa nhu Trung Qud'c,
con dudng nay chac chan la khdng hieu
qua. Mud'n thay ddi van menh den tdi
ciia mot nUdc Trung Qud'c lac hau ngheo
nan, chia nam se bay va dang dUdng dau
vdi cac cuoc xam lUdc, nhan dan Trung
Qudc chi cd the tim con dUdng mdi de
xay diing da't nUdc va phuc hUng dan tdc.
Do Trung Qud'c la mot qud'c gia dUdc
hinh thanh tif sii qua do tif chu nghia
dan chu mdi sang chii nghia xa hdi tren
cd sd ciia xa hoi niia thiic dan niia phong
kie'n, nen dieu dd da khdng dinh xay
diing CNXH d Trung Qud'c la mot qua
trinh rat dai va gian nan. Nude Trung
Qud'c mdi thanh lap khdng lau. DCS
Trung Qud'c vdi dai dien tieu bieu la Mao
Trach Ddng da lanh dao nhan dan hoan
thanh viec cai tao XHCN, xay diing che'

do XHCN, dong thdi bat dau tim tdi con
dudng xay diing CNXH phu hdp vdi tinh

hinh Trung Qud'c. Do kinh nghiem ciia
Trung Qud'c ve xay diing CNXH khdng
nhieu va co nhiJng phan doan sai lech ve
tinh hinh dau t r a n h trong nUdc va qud'c
te nen da dan de'n nhiing sai lam nghiem
trong nhu "Dai each mang van hoa", do
dd viec xay diing CNXH d Trung Qud'c
gap can trd.

Hoi nghi Trung Udng 3 khoa XI DCS
Trung Qud'c thang 12-1978 la mot budc
ngoat, DCS Trung Qud'c dUdi sii lanh
dao cua Dang Tieu Binh da thuan theo
xu hudng thdi dai va y nguyen ciia nhan
dan, de xUdng giai phdng tU tudng, xac
lap lai dudng lo'i tU tudng thiic sU c^iu thi,
chuyen trong tam cdng tac toan Dang
sang xay diing kinh te, thiic hien cai
each md ciia, md ra con dUdng tim tdi
mdl xay diing CNXH. Sau Dai hoi XII
DCS Trung Qud'c, cdng cudc cai each md
cifa va xay diing hien dai hoa d Trung
Qud'c dUdc trien khai toan dien. De'n Dai
hdi XIII DCS Trung Qud'c (thang

10-1987), Trung Qud'c da budc ddu dUa ra ly
luan ve giai doan ddu ciia CNXH, dong

thdi da xay diing dUdng lo'i cd ban "mot
trung tam, hai diem cd ban". DUdng lo'i
cd ban nay da quye't dinh tdi nhiem vu
chii yeu, muc tieu phan dau va phUdng
cham chi dao, dUdng lo'i can ban, liic
lUdng lanh dao va liic lUdng dang tin cay
de hoan thanh nhiem vu nay ciia Dang
trong giai doan dau ciia CNXH, da bUdc
dau tra ldi cho cau hdi can ban xay diing
CNXH mang dac sac Trung Qud'c nhU
the nao . Day c d th e ndi la khai nie m
tUdng dd'i hoan chinh dau tien ve con

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dudng XHCN dac sdc Trung Qud'c. Dai
hoi XIII DCS Trung Qud'c long trong
tuyen bo': tif sau Hoi nghi Trung Udng 3
khoa XI, DCS Trung Qud'c bdt ddu tim
tdi con dudng xay diing CNXH mang dac
sdc Trung Qud'c, md ra giai doan mdi xay
diing CNXH.

Dai hdi XIV DCS Trung Qud'c (thang
10-1992) da xac dinh muc tieu cai each
the che kinh te ciia Trung Qud'c la xay
diing the che kinh te thi trUdng XHCN,
md cifa dd'i ngoai, tang cUdng va cai t-'en
xay diing Dang , tie'p tuc thiic day cai
each md cifa va xay diing hien dai hoa.
Thang 9-1997, Dai hdi XV DCS Trung
Qud'c lai trinh bay va phan tich sau sac

van de the nao la kinh te, chinh tri va
van hoa ciia CNXH mang dac sac Trung
Qudc trong giai doan dau cua CNXH,
xay diing nhU the nao kinh te, chinh tri
va van hoa loai nay, da hinh thanh
cUdng linh cd ban cua Dang ve giai doan
ddu ciia CNXH, da lam phong phii noi
dung cu the ve con dUdng XHCN dac sac
Trung Qud'c. Dai hoi XVI DCS Trung
Qud'c (thang 11-2002) da tong ke't 10
kinh nghiem thiic day sii nghiep XHCN
dac sac Trung Qud'c, xac dinh muc tieu
xay diing xa hdi kha gia toan dien. Tif
sau Dai hoi XVI, Trung Udng DCS Trung
Qud'c do Ho Cam Dao la Td'ng Bi thu
da thuan theo sii thay ddi ciia tinh hinh
trong va ngoai nUdc, khac phuc nhiing
khd khan va riii ro, ra siic thiic day phat
trien khoa hoc, thiic day hai hoa xa hdi,
hoan thien the che kinh te thi trUdng

XHCN, sang tao cue dien mdi ciia sii
nghiep XHCN dac sac Trung Qud'c trong
thiic tien xay diing xa hoi kha gia toan
dien. Quan triet tinh thdn cua Dai hdi
XVI, Trung UOng Dang ldn lUdt hop 7
ldn hdi nghi, ldn lUdt dUa ra quyet dinh
va thiic thi cac van de trong dai nhu di
sau cai each cd cau, hoan thien the che
kinh te thi trUdng XHCN, tang cUdng

xay diing nang liic cdm quyen cua Dang,
lap quy hoach "5 nam ldn thif XI", xay
diing xa hoi hai hoa XHCN.

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<b>LAC VAN OONG </b>

Qud'c da cd mdt qua trinh lich sii lau dai
va gian nan de tim kiem con dudng
XHCN dac sdc Trung Qud'c, day la san
pham tat ye'u cua sii phat trien lich sii
can hien dai Trung Qud'c, la sii lUa chon
chi'nh xac khach quan mang tinh tii
nhien va hdp ly. i ,.,-,_, ., .,, .[jj .,,^.1 ,.

<b>2. Con duong XHCN dac sac Trung </b>
<b>Quoc da tap trung the hien yeu cau ban </b>
<b>chat xay dung CNXH ciia Trung Quoc </b>

Con dudng XHCN dac sac Trung Qud'c
cd noi ham phong phu, trong dd, viec
Trung Qud'c liia chon con dUdng phat
trien CNXH dUdc coi la ndi dung hat
nhan. Tac gia dUa ra bdn phUdng dien
khai quat ve con dudng nay nhu sau:

<i>Thic nhdt la "hai nguyen tac can ban", </i>

tifc la kien tri sii lanh dao cua DCS
Trung Qud'c, diia vao tinh hinh cd ban
ciia dat nUdc. DCS Trung Qud'c la sU bao

dam cd ban de thiic hien hien dai hoa
XHCN, xay diing CNXH dac sdc Trung
Qud'c. Chi cd kien tri sii lanh dao cua
Dang mdi cd the bao dam phUdng hUdng
chinh xac cai each md cifa va xay diing
hien dai hoa, mdi cd the cung cd' cue dien
chinh tri on dinh doan ke't va thiic day
thuan ldi sii nghiep XHCN dac sdc
Trung Qud'c. Trong thdi ky mdi, DCS
Trung Qud'c da sang tao ra con dudng
XHCN dac sac Trung Qud'c, coi nhan
thifc khoa hoc ve tinh hinh cd ban dat
nUdc la can cif thiic hien. NhU Ho Cam
Dao da phat bieu trong Bao cao Dai hdi
XVll DCS Trung Qud'c: "Nhan thifc rd

tinh hinh cd ban da't nUdc trong giai
doan ddu ciia CNXH khdng phai la sii tii
ti, chim ddm trong lac hau, ciing khdng
phai la xa rdi thUc te, chay theo thanh
tich, ma phai la kien tri dUa nd trd
thanh can cif cd ban de thiic day cai each,
vach ke hoach phat trien".

<i>Thii hai la "mot dUdng lo'i cd ban", tifc </i>

la kien tri lay xay diing kinh te lam
trung tam, kien tri bd'n nguyen tdc cd
ban, kien tri dudng ldi cd ban cai each
md cifa. Dudng Id'i nay da tap trung the

hien ldi ich can ban va y chi chung ciia
nhan dan cac dan tdc Trung Qud'c,
da phan anh quy luat ban chat cua xay
diing hien dai hoa XHCN Trung Qud'c, vi
the nd la con dudng sinh menh ciia Dang
va Nha nUdc. Ne'u coi xay diing kinh te
la ddu tdu ciia hien dai hoa XHCN thi
cai each md ciia cd the ndi la ddng cd cua
nd, bdn nguyen tac cd ban cd the ndi la
banh lai, ca ba diia vao nhau ke't thanh
mot the, trong qua trinh thiic tien thd'ng
nhat xay diing CNXH dac sdc Trung
Qud'c, bat cif khi nao ciing khdng the dao
ddng. Day la kinh nghiem chap nhan riii
ro ciia sii nghiep XHCN dac sdc Trung
Qud'c, la sii bao dam can ban de dat dUdc
muc tieu.

<i>Thic ba la "hai nhiem vu can ban", tiic </i>

la giai phdng va phat trien siic san xuat
xa hdi, Cling cd' va hoan thien che do
XHCN. Tdng cdng trinh sU cua cai each
md cifa d Trung Qud'c- Dang Tieu Binh
da nhieu ldn nhan manh, phat trien siic

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s a n x u a t xa hoi la nhiem vu can b a r ;ua

<b>CNXH. T r u n g Qud'c mud'n thiic hien cai </b>

each md cifa thi can phai k h a c p h u c trd

ngai m a n g tinh t h e che cua p h a t trien

siic san xuat, dieu chinh mdi q u a n he

san x u a t k h d n g phii hdp vdi |)hat t n d n

sifc s a n x u a t va cac m a t , car; k h a u nao

dd ciia kien t r u e thifdng t a n g . DiicJng

nhien, cai each md eiia eiia Trunjj (}ud'e

khdng phai la p h a bd ( h e do Xlli^N. ma

la phai c u n g ed va h o a n t h i e n che ^'o

XHCN. N h u Dai hoi XVll DCS T r u n g

Qudc dii t u y e n bd: "Cai eac:h md eiia la sii

menh vJ dai nidi ma D a n g lanh dao n h a n

dan tidn h a n h t r o n g thdi dai mdi. muc

dfch chinh la phiii giai phdng va phat

trien sifc san xuA't. thifc hien hien dai

hoa dat nUde. do nlian d a n TrLing ()ud'e

hu'dng giau s a n g phii quy, rluYn h u n g

dan toe T i u n g Hua vi dai; chinh la phai

thiic day su LU h o a n thien va phaL t i i e n

che tlo XHC'N eiia T r u n g Qudc, tao siic

sd'ng mdl eho CNXH. xay diing va p h a t

t r i e r CNXH dac sac T r u n g Qud'c."

<i>ThiC iiC la "mot bd'cue tdng the", tUc la </i>
bd'cuc tong the "tU vi nha't t h e " xay dUng

k m h le, xay diing e h i n h tri, xay diing

van hoa. xay diing xii hdi X H C N dac sac

T r u n g Qud'c. CNXH la mot xa hoi p h a t

<b>trien hai hoa. tien bo t o a n dien ve kinh </b>

<b>te, chfnh tri, v a n hoa. xa hoi. T h a n g </b>

9-2004, Hdi nghi T r u n g Udng 4 khoa XVI

<b>DCS T r u n g Qud'c da dc x u a t nhiem vu </b>

lich sif xay d u n g xa hdi hai hoa XHCN,

thay ddi cue dien tdng t h e sU nghiep

XH(^N dac sac Tt ung Qudc, tif "tam vi

nha't t h e " xav dUng kinh te, xay diing

ehi'nh tri. xay du:ig \'n,ii hoa md rdng

t h a n h "tu vi n h a t t h e " bin gdm t h e m ca

xay diing xa hoi. Dai hd] XVII DCS

T r u n g Qud'c vdi khdi diem lieh sii mdi

da dUa r a sii sap xep toan dien ddi vdi

viec xay diing kinh te, xay diing eh.inh

tri. xay difng van iiea xa\' dUng xa hdi

eiia T n m g Qudc (rong giai doan mdi the

ky mdi. Cho dii lii xay diing t r e n phifOng

dien nao thi cung deu vi muc tieu thiie

hien xay dUng mot qud'c gia giau m a n h ,

dan chu. v a n m i n h va hien dai hoa

XHCN.

Bdn p h u d n g diim tren da\' lidn he vdi

n h a u . ket hop hifu cO vdi n h a u da trd

<i>t h a n h mdt ehinh the thd'ng nha't. CA) the </i>
ndi hdn phifring di(3n nay la tdng ket

khoa hoc ve fiin tdi thiic tien va t h a n h

(|ua s a n g lao eiia DCS T r u n g Qud'c va

da't nifde T r u n g CJiid'c sau 60 n a m t h a n h
laj) nu'dc, dac biet la sau 30 n a m cai each

md cua. da t a p t r u n g the hien quy luat

k h a c h q u a n va yeu cau ban c h a t p h a t

t r i e n CNXH dac sac T r u n g Qud'c. T r u n g
Qudc ngay n a y chi cd di theo con du'dng

nay ma klidng phai eon difdiig nao khac

mdl ed t h e giai quyet v a ' n , d e ve p h a t

trien va tien bd eiia T r u n g Qudc. T r u n g

Qud'c quyet k h d n g the di con du'ong cii,
ddng eifa k h d n g p h a t Lrien, ciing k h d n g

the dl theo con difdng ta dao, m a chi cd

the di con d u d n g mdi XHCN dac sdc

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LAC VAN OONG

nUdc va a n k h a n g h a n h phiic cua n h a n

d a n .

<b>3. Con duong X H C N dac sac Trung </b>

<b>Quoc la su van dung mang tinh sang tao </b>

<b>va su phat trien cua C N X H khoa hoc </b>

Dai hdi XVII D C S T r u n g Qud'c chi ra:

"Con d u d n g X H C N dac sdc T r u n g Qud'c

la h o a n t o a n c h i n h xac. cd t h e d a n d a t sU

p h a t trien va tien bd cua T r u n g Qudc.

dicu q u a n t r o n g la T r u n g Qudc da vifa

k i e n tri n g u y e n tac cd b a n cua C^NXH

khoa hoc. vifa diia vao thiic te T r u n g

Qud'c va dac trUng thdi dai de trad giii

n h i e m vu dac sac T r u n g Qudc mdi me."

Ly l u a n q u a n t r o n g n a y da chd tha'}'

thudc tinh b a n c h a t -cua cdn d u d n g

XIK^N dac sac T r u n g Qudc, da the hien

rd sU huN'dn bi t r o n g t h a n h ('dng ma con

dudng nay d a t dUcJc.

<i>Thic nhdt. con du'dng XIK^N dac sac </i>
T r u n g Qud'c da kien tri n g u y e n tac ed

ban ciia CNXH k h o a hoc. Cdn d u d n g nay

da kie'n tri ly tUdng cao nha't va yeu cdu

giii Lri cua chu n g h i a edng san, kien tri

lay ehinh D a n g ciia giai cap edng n h a n

lam h a t n h a n l a n h dad, kien tri vi trf

chu t h e q u d n chiing n h a n d a n s a n g tad

lich sif, kidn tri lay giai p h d n g va p h a t

trien sifc s a n x u a t xa hdi lam n h i e m vu

can b a n . kien tri m u e tieu cung giau cd.

<i>kii^i tri lay vhc dd edng hufu va p h a n </i>

phe'/i thed lad ddng lam cd sd k i n h te cua

CNXH, kien tri lay n h a n dan- ngudi chu

cua d a t nu'dc l a m dac tru'ng b a n cha't cua

chinh tri d a n chu XHCN, kien tri vi Lri

chu dao ciia chu nghia Mac t r d n g linh

viic h i n h t h a i y t h i f c . . . N h i i n g dieu nay

da t h e h i e n sii t i n h t u y va thiic c h a t ciia

C N X H k h d a hoc. D d n g thdi, cdn d u d n g

n a y cdn x u a t p h a t tif thiic t e ' T r u n g Qud'c,

tif cac phUdng d i e n nhU che dd, t h e che

va bien p h a p de tien h a n h tim tdi va

s a n g tad C N X H k h d a hdc. Didu dd chd

t h a y Cdn d u d n g X H C N dac sac T r u n g

Qud'c va ('NXH k h d a hdc vUa la sif ke

thUa lan n h a u lai la sii tien c u n g thdi

dai. da lam chd CNXH d T r u n g Qud'c cd

<i>d\i6c sife sd'ng ddi dad. da md ra cue dien </i>
mdi cua sU n g h i e p X H C N T r u n g Qud'c.

<i>Thic hai. edn dUdng X H C N dac sac </i>
T r u n g Qudc ed dac sac thdi dai mdi me.

Khdng p h a i n g a u n h i e n T r u n g Qud'c md

ra Cdn du'dng nay m a la ed bdi ciinh thdi

dai s a u sac. Cudi n h U n g n a m 70 cua the

ky XX, khi k i n h te t h e gicii p h a t trien

n h a n h , each m a n g k h d a hoe ky t h u a t

mdi d a n g da di len, hda binh va p h a t

trien trd t h a n h ehii de thcii dai, T r u n g

Qud'c d a n g du'ng tiu'dc n h u n g khd klian

nghiem t r o n g do eude "dai each m a n g

van hoa" gay r a , D(]S T r u n g Quc'/e

da n h i n r a the' gidi, thifc h i c n quye't sach

t r o n g dai cai each md cifa t r e n cd sd td'ng

k e t k i n h n g h i e m d u n g sai, da md r a cdn

d u d n g X I I C ; N dac sdc T r u n g Qud'c. C u n g

vdl nhUng bie'n dd'i ldn lad cua t i n h h i n h

t h e gidi 30 n a m q u a nhU sU p h a t trien

n h a n h eiia k i n h te' tdan edu hoa va the

gidl da ciic hna. sU bidn ddi n h a n h cua

Ddng A u va Lien Xd giai t h e , sif van

ddhg cua CNXH g a p trd ngai nghii'nn

trong. NhUng t r o n g cdi each md cifa.

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T r u n g Qud'c da thUe hicn p h a t trien

n h a n h k i n h to' xa hdi, da tie'p n h a n

nhiing t h a n h q u a v a n m i n h tien tien tU

ben ngeai, sUc m a n h tdng h(3p qud'c gia

va vi trf qudc te du'cjc n a n g cao rd ret. Cd

the ndi. con d u d n g X H C N dac sdc T r u n g

Qud'c h e n ke't m a t t h i e t vdi hoa binh

p h a t trien cua t h e gidi, vdi tien bd van

minh n h a n loai, da t h u a n theo xu the

ldn cua the'gidi. da the h i e n yeu cau thdi

dai.

<i>ThiC ha, eon dUdng XHCN dac sac </i>
T r u n g Qudc cd dac sac d a n tdc mdi me.

Hinh thtic dan tee eiia CNXH la sU bieu
hien cu t h e ciia ndi h a m b a n c h a t cua

CNXH, tfnh u'u viet va sUe sd'ng cua

CNXH ehl cd b a n g h i n h thUc d a n tdc hcip

ly, hieu q u a mdi ed the ducjc p h a t huy
day du. Do Ti-ung (Jude d a n g va sd d vao

giai doan dau eiia CNXH trong mot thdi

gian dai, hdn niia d a n ,sd' ddng, d a i canh

tac ft, sU p h a t trien r;i't k h d n g can dd'i,
tinh h i n h ed b a n t r o n g nUdc nay

da quyet dinh den viee T r u n g Qud'c phai

xay diing CNXH, k h d n g gid'ng vdi md

hinh CNXH ciia Lien Xd, cung k h d n g
gici'ng vdi CNXH eiia Viet N a m , Cu Ba,

ma se m a n g dac sac T r u n g Qud'c mdi me.

N h u doanh n g h i e p hif(Jng t r a n , dac k h u

kinh te. "mot nifdc hai che' do", con

dudng edng n g h i e p hoa kieu mdi dac sac
T r u n g Qudc, eon difdng hicn dai hea

ndng nghiep dac sac T r u n g Qud'c, cdn

dudng dd thi hda dac sdc T r u n g Qud'c,

Cdn dudng t u chii s a n g tad dac sdc T r u n g
Quii'c... de\i ngUng t u tU t u d n g t i n h cam

va trf tue chfnh tri cua dan tec T r u n g

Hda, Cd p h d n g each T r u n g Qudc va khf

p h a c h T r u n g Qudc ndi bat. Chfnh vi een

dudng X H C N dac sdc T r u n g Qud'c

da bam re sau vae dai luc T r u n g Qud'c.

p h u hcJp vdi thii^' te T r u n g Qud'c nen nd

mdi n h a n dUcJc sii u n g he ciia qudn

chiing n h a n d a n T r u n g Qud'c ddng dad

n h a t , mdi ed vien c a n h p h a t trien rdng

ldn.

Spence- ngirdi doat giai Nobel K m h te

hdc n a m 2001 t u n g ndi, t h a n h tUu p h a t

t n e n k i n h te cua T r u n g Qud'c vd cung to

ldn, md h i n h p h a t trien k m l i te' r a t dac

biet, nhUng t r o n g ehieu dai lich sif h i n h

t h a n h h()n 5000 n a m cua T r u n g Quci'c thi

60 nam r a ddi nUdc T r u n g Qud'c mdi va

30 n a m cai each nid ciia ehi la k h o a n g

thdi gian r a t ngan, eon difdng XHCN dac

sac Ti'ung (Jude nidi d giai doan ddu, edn

chUa p h a t t n e n , ehUa hoan thicn, cdn

gap nhieu khd klian va t h a c h thUc. DC'S

va n h a n d a n T r u n g Qud'c se ra sUc kien

tri va k h d n g n g u n g hoan thien con

dudng X H C N dac sac T r u n g Qud'c, dam

tim tdi , d a m s a n g tao , vU(3t moi hi eiri

nguy, kien d i n h k h d n g rdi thiic hien sU

phuc hUng vi dai dan tdc T r u n g Hoa t r e n

con d u d n g X H C N dac sac T r u n g Qud'c,

nd lUc cd'ng hie'n nhieu hdn cho hoa binh

the gidi va sU nghk^p tie'n bd eiia n h a n

loai.

<i>Nguyin dich: NGVYEN MAI PHUONG </i>

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