Giải pháp phát triển nguồn nhân lực là người dân tộc thiểu số các tỉnh miền núi phía bắc

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<b>XAY DONG CHiNH Q D Y I N D|A P H O Q U O </b>

<b>GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN NGUON NHAN LUC LA NGUOI </b>

<b>DAN TQC THIEU SO CAC TJNH MIEN NUI PHiA BAC </b>

iTS.LOQUOCTOANn

<b>1. Tilj} tgc cung edva hoan thidn hd thing </b>
<b>cac trudng phd thdng ddn tdc ndi tm </b>

Hd thd'ng trudng pho thdng dan too ndi trii
dupe khdi phuc va phat trien tu nam 1990 da
gdp phan quan trpng trong vide giao due, dao
tao mdt lupng kha Idn hpc sinh eae dan tdc
thid'u sd. Dac bidt, mdt sd dan tdc trudc dd bj tai
<i>mu ehu, nhd he thd'ng trudng nay da xoa dugc </i>
mil chQ trong dp tudi quy djnh, cd em da trudng
thanh la can bd tham gia cdng tac d cap eo sd
dat chuan pho cap tieu hpc. Nhidm vu eiia he
thdng trudng phd thdng dan tdc ndi tru la trang
bj nhiing kiln thQc van hoa eo ban cho con em
cac dan tdc thieu sd, tao tiln de can thie't de
xay dyng nhan each, nhiing tidu chuan co ban,
tQdd hinh thanh ndn ngudi can bd dan too thieu
sd sau nay.

Hidn nay, d miin niii phia Blc cd 84 trudng
phd thdng dan tdc ndi tru cap huyen, 15 trudng
phd thdng dan tdc ndi tru cap tinh va 5 trudng
phd thdng dan tdc ndi tru do Trung uong quan
ly. NhQng trudng dupc danh gia ed chat lupng

dao t?o td't va kha la do cap uy, chinh quyen dja
phuong da tap trung dau tu, xay dyng eo sd vat
chd't va xay dyng dupe dpi ngu can bd, giao
vidn gidi ngay tQ khi mdi thanh lap. Song, vin
edn 10/15 trudng phd thdng dan tdc ndi trii cap
tinh va hau hit cac trudng phd thdng dan tdc

<i><b>C) Hgc vidn Chinh tii - Hanh chinh khu vi/c I </b></i>

ndi tru cap huyen dupe danh gia la chat lupng
dao tao tha'p; do dd, can phai cung cd va hoan
thien cac trudng nay.

Trude hit, can tilp tuc xay dyng cac trudng
cd chat lupng dao tao kha trd thanh trudng chat
lupng cao; nang dan ty Id cac trudng trung binh
len kha va tu ye'u ldn trung binh. Tu nay dd'n
nam 2020 can phai cd nhung ehinh sach uu
tien dac biet, cham lo xay dyng dpi ngu giao
vien, lye lupng trye tilp quylt djnh chat lupng
va hieu qua giao due, dao tao. Can ddi mdi cP
che, ehinh sach xay dyng dpi ngu giao vidn phu
hpp vdi dieu kien dac thu eua timg dja phuomg
va timg vimg dan tdc; ddi mdi phuong thue dao
tao, bdi dudng, eo ehi, ehinh sach su dung va
dai ngd giao vien de hp yen tam cdng tac lau
dai, phuc vu ddng bao dan too thid'u sd. Ngay tu
khi hpe tap trong cac trudng su pham, nhung
<i>giao vien tuong lai can phai dugc trang bj </i>
nhung kien thue eo ban ve khoa hpe, nghi

nghiep theo tieu chuan chung ciia timg cap
hpe; ngoai ra can phai trang bj cho hp nhirng
kiln thue can thiet ve ngdn ngu, van hoa dan
tdc, tam linh, tin ngudng cua mdt sd dan tdc d
nhiing noi se de'n cdng tac. Tren co sd dd, cac
giao vien tie'p tue ty nghien cQu, hpe tap, trau
ddi kie'n thue thyc tiln, kit hpp vdi cac Idp bdi
dudng, tap huan thudng xuyen hang nam.
Cung vdi vide thyc hien cac chinh sach uu tidn
thu hilt giao vien gidi ldn cdng tac lau dai, d'n

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dinh tai eae tinh mien nui phia Bae, can cd mdt
chie'n lupe phat trid'n giao vien ngudi dan tdc
thid'u sd. Ndi dung chuong trinh dao tao dpi ngu
<i>giao vidn dan tdc thieu so can dugc dd'i mdi cho </i>
phii hpp vdi dd'i tupng ngay tu eae trudng su
pham, ke ea cac trudng dai hpe su pham (qud'e
gia va khu vue) va eae trudng cao dang, trung
cap su pham d dja phuong.

Dang va Nha nude can quan tam hon nUa
den van de tang cudng eo sd ha tang, thie't bj
trudng hpe eho he thdng cac trudng dan tdc ndi
<i>tru a mien nui phia Bae. Hidn nay, eae trudng </i>
phd thdng dan too ndi tru cap huyen va cap tinh
<i>da dugc xay dyng kien cd hoa; nhung mdt sd </i>
trudng ban tru va ndi tru dan nudi d mdt so cum
xa cdn tam bp. Trang bj ndi that, ban ghe,
bang, thie't bj day hpc... eiia cac trudng cap
huyen edn thieu nghiem trpng. De' gdp phan cai

thidn tinh trang nay, eae dja phucmg mien nui
can md rdng quan he, khai thac cac ngudn lyc
tu eae dja phuong mien xudi va cac doanh
nghiep nhim huy ddng sy tham gia hd trp kinh
phi de xay dyng va eiing cd eo sd vat chat cho
cac trudng hpc. Trong nhiing nam tdi, can day
manh hom nua ehu truomg huy ddng vd'n theo
phuong thue nay de phat trid'n eo sd ha tang va
thilt bj trudng hpe eho cac tinh miin nui phia
BIC, trudc hit la cac trudng phd thdng dan tdc
ndi tru.

Cung vdi vide day tieng phd thdng eho hpc
sinh cac trudng dan tdc ndi tru cap huyen, can
ed quy djnh cu the de' giao vien hpc tieng dan
tdc thieu sd. Ben canh vide quy djnh tieu chuan
su pham chung dd'i vdi giao vien, cac dja
phuong can ed nhiing tieu chuan cu the ddi vdi
giao vien eae trudng dan too ndi tru. Mdt trong
nhung tieu chua'n dd la phai biet va su dung
thanh thao tie'ng dan too trong giang day, trong
quan ly hpe sinh.

<i>2. Nang cao chit lupng giao dge va dao t ^ </i>
or cac tinh miin nui phia Bdc

Cung vdi vide cung ed va hoan thien he
thd'ng cac trudng phd thdng dan tdc ndi tru d
mien nui phia Blc, can phat trien manh me he

thd'ng cac trudng phd thdng cdng lap va dan lap
phuc vu cho vide phat trien ngudn nhan luc dan
tdc thieu so. Trdn thyc t l , con em dan toe thid'u
sd d cac xa, cac huyen thude khu vyc II (khdng
nam trong chuomg trinh 135) rat ddng dao. Sd
hpc sinh nay khdng dupc dao tao qua he thd'ng
trudng phd thdng dan tdc ndi tm, ma dupre dao
tao qua he phd thdng chuan tQ tieu hpc din
trung hpc phd thdng. Sau khi td't nghidp phd
thdng trung hpc thi dy thi tuyen vao cac trudng
dai hpc va cao ding; cac em dupe cdng dilm
uu tidn dan tdc va khu vyc theo quy djnh ciia
Nha nudc.

MQc dp chdnh lech diem trung tuyen giua
nhung thi sinh dupc hudng did'm uu tidn cao
nha't so vdi thi sinh khdng thude didn uu tidn tu
nam hpc 1987-1988 dd'n nam hpc 2002-2003
la 5 did'm; tQ nam hpc 2003-2004 din nay la
3,5 did'm. Tuy nhidn, sd hpc sinh dan tdc thilu
so dupc trung tuyen vao dai hpc va cao ding
trong thdi gian qua dat ty Id rat tha'p, khdng dap
Qng duoc ddi hdi khach quan cua su nghidp
phat trid'n kinh t l - xa hdi cua cac dja phuong.
Nguydn nhan chii yd'u ciia tinh trang nay la chat
lupng giao due va dao tao cua cac dja phuong
va vung dan tdc thid'u sd edn thd'p; do dd chat
lupmg dau vao, chat lupmg tuyen sinh dai hpc,
cao ding dat thap hom so vdi ydu cau. Chinh
sach cdng did'm uu tidn ma Nha nude dang

thyc hidn thyc chat la ha tha'p tidu chuan tuyen
sinh de tao co hdi eho con em cac dan tdc
thid'u sd trung tuyen trong cac ky thi tuyen sinh
dai hpc va cao ding. Dd la mdt chinh sach
hoan toan dung din. Tuy nhidn, ndu chi ehu y
dd'n chinh sach uu tidn tuyen sinh, coi nhe chat
lupng tuyen sinh thi se d i n d i n tinh trang y lai,
khdng khuydn khich sy nd lye phan dau vupn
Idn cua hpc sinh dan tdc thieu sd. Mat khac,
cdn tao ra sy mac cam, djnh kiln eua xa hdi
dd'i vdi chat lupng dao tao ciia nganh giao due
va dao tao d cac dja phuong miin nui, vung
dan tdc. Vi vay, nang cao chat lupng giao dge
va dao tao d cac tinh miin nui phia Blc la van
de cd't Idi hidn nay.

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Khao sat thue t l cho tha'y, nhin chung, chat
lupng giao due eua cac tinh miin nui phia Blc
dang d mQc tha'p so vdi ea nudc. Trinh dp ciia
giao vidn khdng ddng diu v l chat luong, thilu
nghidm trpng v l sd lupng d nhung vQng cao,
vung sau, vung xa. Co sd vat chat cdn ngheo
nan; cdn tinh trang tmdng ldp tam bcr, thilt bj
day hpc thid'u... Dd la nhQng nguydn nhan trye
tilp ddn dd'n tinh trang chat lupmg day hpe tha'p.
<i>De giai quylt van d l nay, Bd Giao due va Dao </i>
tao can tiln hanh diiu tra, danh gia lai chat
<i>lupng dpi ngu giao vidn phd thdng a tat ca cac </i>
tinh mlln nui phia Blc. Can phan loai chat
lupng dpi ngu giao vidn, tQ dd cd k l hoach bdi

dudng, dao tao va dao tao lai de trong mdt vai
nam tdi dpi ngu giao vidn dap iimg du tidu chuan
theo ydu eau cua mdi bae va cap hpc. Ddng
thdi cin lya chpn mdt sd giao vidn gidi lam
ndng cd't, hinh thanh mdt sd tmdng chat lupng
cao d bdc phd thdng trung hpc de dao tao
ngudn chahd cao dang va dai hpc cua timg dja
phuomg. Tai eae trudng chat lupng cao nay can
vdn dung chinh sach uu tidn tuyd'n chpn con em
cac dan tdc thid'u sd ngay trong cac ky thi tuyd'n
sinh tQ bae phd thdng eo sd Idn bae phd thdng
trung hpc. Cac trudng chat lupng cao cung vdi
he thd'ng tmdng dan too ndi tru se trd thanh
nhung eo sd quan trpng trong vide phat trid'n
ngudn nhan lyc dan tdc thid'u sdd miin niii phia
B I C tQ nay din ndm 2020. Sau khi chat lupng
giao dge va dao tao phd thdng ciia cac tinh
miin nui phia Blc da phat trid'n ddng ddu, se
tQng bude nhap eae loai trudng theo tidu chuan
chung cua Nha nudc; thu hep dan cac didn dd'i
tupng uu tidn, tiln tdi thuc hidn sy binh dang v l
CO hdi va diiu kidn dao tao vdi ta't ca mpi ngudi,
mpi vQng va mpi dan tdc.

Hidn nay, vide day nghi va dao tao nghi d
cac tinh miin nui phia Blc cdn rat yd'u. De nang
cao chat lupng giao due va dao tao, can day
manh day nghi song song vdi vide phat trid'n he
giao due phd thdng. Dang va Nha nude ta da cd
chu tmcmg dua chuong trinh day nghi vao cac

tmdng phd thdng dan tdc ndi tni, cac trudng

phd thdng tmng hpc. Vide trid'n khai chii tmong
dd tai cac dja phuong edn cham va ehua ddng
bd, chua cd kit qua rd ret. Can xac djnh rd
nhQng nghe can dao tao phii hpp vdi dac did'm
kinh t l - xa hdi ciia timg vung, tQ dd thyc hidn
dao tao nghe co ban cho hpc sinh ngay tQ khi
cdn P trong trudng phd thdng. Can md rdng
mang ludi cac trudng trung cap ehuydn nghidp
0 eae tinh miin nui phia Blc. Trong nhung nam
tmdc mit, dd'i vdi cac trudng trung cap hidn cd,
can thyc hidn tdt c h i dp cu tuyd'n d timg dja
phuomg de kjp thdi dap iimg ydu elu mdi. Ddng
thdi, thanh lap thdm cac tmdng trung cap
ehuydn nghiep va trung tam day nghi phu hpp
de dao tao ngudn nhan lye va phat trid'n ngudn
<i>can bd dan tdc thid'u sd a mdt sd dja phuong. </i>

<b>3. Ndng cao eh^ lupng tuylh sinh, ch& </b>
<b>lupng dao t^o dg bj dai hpc, hd eQ tuylh cua </b>
<i><b>cac trudng d^i hgc, cao ding d miin nui phia </b></i>

Blc

TQ kit qua khao sat thyc t l va y kiln ciia
mdt sd can bd lanh dao va quan ly nganh giao
due va dao tao eae tinh miin nui phia Blc, xin
cd mdt sd y kiln sau:

- De ed ngudn cu tuye'n dd'i vdi hpc sinh
dan tdc thid'u sd d vung sau, vimg xa, vung dac
bidt khd khan, can phat trie'n va hoan thidn cac
tmdng phd thdng dan tdc ndi tru; tQ dd lya chpn
nhtimg hpc sinh ed kiln thue, ed nang lyc, nhan
thQc td't dua di dao tao theo ehi dp cu tuyd'n.
Cac trudng phd thdng dan tdc vimg cao Viet
Bao, Trudng bd tuc Huu nghj, he phd thdng
trung hpe thudc Dai hpc Lam nghiep la nhirng
CP sd dao tao ngudn cu tuye'n ed chat lupng.

- Cu tuyd'n la mdt ehinh sach dung din cua
Dang va Nha nudc ta, la giai phap quan trpng
va ed hidu qua gdp phan tang cudng can bd la
ngudi dja phuong cho eae tinh miin nui... De
cdng tac eu tuyd'n phat huy hidu qua, rat can
tilp tuc ed sy quan tam eiia cap uy, chinh
quyen eae cap, sy phd'i hpp chat che giua sd
giao due va dao tao vdi cac don vj dao tao va
su dung hidu qua lye lupng can bd da dupc dao
tao thdng qua eu tuyd'n; ddng thdi can cd sy

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quan tam chi dao sat sao ciia Bd Giao due va
Dao tao.

- Bd Giao due va Dao tao nghien eiiru md
cac Idp dy bj nim trong trudng phd thdng trung
hpc dan tdc ndi trii cap tinh, nhim tao ngudn cu
tuyen. Nghien cQu thay hinh thue eu tuyen hien
nay bing xet tuye'n vao hpe Idp dy bj tai trudng

phd thdng trung hpc dan tdc ndi tru cap tinh. So
lupng khoang tu 100 de'n 150 hpc sinh cho mdi
tinh de tao ngudn tuyen sinh eho eae trudng dai
hpc, cao dang, trung hpe chuyen nghiep. Hang
nam xet trong sd hpc sinh nay nhiing em hpe
kha va gidi de cQ di hpc dai hpe; sd edn lai vao
hpc cao dang hoac cac trudng trung cap
chuyen nghiep tai dja phuong.

Giai quye't td't chat lupng dau vao la mdt
bien phap quan trpng, co ban de nang cao mdt
budc chat lupng dao tao. Song, van de quan
trpng nhat trong vide nang cao chat lupng dao
tao can bd dan tdc thid'u sd eiia cac trudng dai
hpc, cao ding chinh la chat lupng dpi ngu giao
vien va nhiing dieu kien de bao dam day td't,
hpe td't va ren luyen toan didn ve dQe, tri, the,
my dd'i vdi sinh vidn.

Hidn nay, hau hit cac trudng dai hpc va cao
dang vin thyc hien md Idp rieng dd'i vdi he cu
tuyen hpe sinh dan tdc thieu sd, ehua quan tam
lya chpn giao vidn gidi de day he eu tuyen.
Trong sd nhiing sinh vidn ngudi dan too thieu so
trung tuyen vao cac trudng dai hpc va cao dang
theo he chuan, ty Id hpc lye kha va gidi rat it, chu
ye'u 0 mQc trung binh - kha, hoac trung binh.
Mdt bidn phap nang cao chat lupng dao tao cua
he eu tuyen la lya chpn giao vien gidi, ed kinh
nghiem va tam huyet de giang day theo chuong

trinh phii hpp vdi dd'i tupng ngudi hpc. Can
nghien cQu xay dyng chuomg trinh dao tao phii
hpp vdi hpc sinh dan tdc thieu sd, dam bao khdi
lupmg kiln thQc co ban va kie'n thQc van dung
can thilt, phii hpp vdi dieu kien cua timg dja
phUPng, vimg dan tdc. Trong dd, dac biet chu y
dd'n ngdn ngQ va phong tuc tap quan, tam ly,
van hoa cac dan tdc. Tuy yeu cau cua tirng ITnh
vyc, timg mang kiln thQc ma xac djnh thdi lupng

phu hpp vdi timg chuong trinh, tQng mdn hpc.
De nang cao chat lupng dao tao sinh vidn cu
tuyen, Nha nudc can tao dieu kidn, dau tu eho
cac trudng ngudn kinh phi, tai chinh du d l bdtri
cho d, chd an cho sinh vidn cQ tuyen, tang hpe
bdng eho sinh vien cu tuyIn, sinh vidn d cac
vung khd khan, sinh vidn thupc dien chinh sach
xa hdi de hp yen tam tap trung hpc tap a

<b>TRAO 001 VE OAO TAG... </b>

<i><b>(Ti^ ^eo trang 44) </b></i>

vu phai dao tao cdng chQc va de ra mgc tidu
xay dyng mdt nin cdng vu kit hpp he thdng

chQc nghidp va he thdng vide lam. Khi ndi
dd'n vj tri vide lam tQc la ngudi dupe tuyen
dung, bd nhidm vao vj tri da dap iimg du tidu
chuan quy djnh, trong dd, trudc hit, phai dii

tidu chuan v l trinh dp dao tao.

<i>Hai la, vide de xua't cac diiu kidn va cQ </i>
cdng chQc di dao tao mdt each ed chpn Ipc
la mdt sy thay ddi nhan thQc v l trach nhidm.
Mdt mat, dap iimg trinh dp dao tao la trach
nhiem cua nhung ai mudn dupe tuyen dung
vao mdt vj tri vide lam nhat djnh; thdng qua

dd, gdp phan han c h i sy lam dung trong
vide tuyen dung va cu cdng chQc di dao tao
hien nay. Mat khac, vide cu cdng chQe di dao
tao ed quy hoach su dung lau dai se gdp
phan tilt kidm cho ngan sach va han chi
nhQng riii ro trong dao tao cdng chQe.

<i>Ba la, nin cdng vu ndi chung va co quan </i>
quan ly nha nudc ndi ridng se cd dieu kidn

tap trung vao thyc hidn nhipm vu "huan
luyen" dpi ngu cdng chQe thanh thao v l
nghidp vu, tao diiu kidn cho hoat ddng dao
tao, bdi dudng khdng ngimg nang cao chat
lupng, hidu qua hoat ddng a

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