Những tạo hình tiêu biểu về hình tượng mặt trời trong mỹ thuật cổ người Việt.

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=1>

<i><b>.^ </b></i>

<b>Nhumg tao hinh tieu bieu ve hinh tUdng </b>

<i><b>^ </b></i>

<b>IVIat trdi trong my thuat co ngudi Viet </b>

<b>DANG THI HUE </b>

K

hi ndi tdi h i n h m a t trdi, ngUdi t a
de lien tudng tdi dd la bieu tUdng
rieng cua cU d a n thudc n e n van minh sa
mac. NhUng d Viet N a m , trong t r a n g tri
my t h u a t t r u y e n thd'ng Viet, h i n h m a t trdi
xuat hien vdi n h i e u b i n h thflc khac n h a u .

<i><b>Hinh mat trdi cd cdnh: T r e n m a t </b></i>

trd'ng ddng d van hoa Ddng Sdn, chiem vi
tri t r u n g t a m , nhieu c a n h nhgn, dai (tfl 6
tdi 16 canh) cac c a n h tea deu ra xung
quanh, chen d cac gdc k h u y e t cfla cac canh
la hinh t r a i tim bd ddi, tuy cd nhieu kien
giai khac n h a u ve y nghia cua h i n h nay,
nhflng vdi t a e h i n h nay chd ta t h a y canh

<b>mat trdi va hinh t r i i t i m bd ddi cd tfl each </b>

la cap am dfldng ddi dai.

<i><b>Hinh mat trdi dugc tgo bdi cdc hoa </b></i>

<i><b>vdn ddu hoi: H i n h m a t trdi nay dfldc </b></i>

bieu hien nhieu dang, cu the n h u hinh
tu'dng cfla cac v a n d a u hdi cd chung mdt
gdc rdi t d i deu d c p h i n xdan r a xung
quanh (thfldng tfl ba tdi n a m van x d i n , d
chfla P h a t Tfch B i c Ninh - the ky XI).

<i><b>Hinh mat trdi duac tgo bdi cdc hoa </b></i>
<i><b>vdn vong trdn dong tdm: Hinh m a t trdi </b></i>

nay dfldc tad bdi cac vdng trdn nhd ddng
tam, d gifla cd mdt c h a m nd'i (dfldng kinh
vdng trdn xap xi 10mm, cua cham ndi xap
xi 1mm) t r e n ehudng chfla T h a n h Mai

-T h a n h Oai - Ha -Tay.

<i><b>Hinh mat trdi dUdc md phong bdng </b></i>
<i><b>chu ky: Thee b a n g " pha he m a t trdi" cua </b></i>

Deschlette thi h i n h chfl n a m n g a n g cflng
la h i n h tfldng m a t trdi. Hinh chfl S n a m
n g a n g nay chd t a lien tfldng den sfl khdng
mieu t l theo hinh thflc m a t trdi ma nd md
phdng chu ky mgc va lan cfla m a t trdi Tuy
nhien, van chfl S n a m ngang van dfldc
nghi nhieu hdn tdi tia chdp, gan vdi mfla
hay nhip mfla...

<i><b>Hinh mat trdi dUdc dn du bdng hoa </b></i>
<i><b>cdc nhieu tia: Cung vad cac thdi nay </b></i>

(nhat la thdi Ly va thdi T r I n ) m a t trdi cdn
dfldc nghi la hda t h a n t h a n h mdt dang hda
cflc each dieu n a e t h u d n g d t r u n g t a m cac
<b>d hda day hay gifla ldng canh sen, vdi </b>
t r u n g t a m la mdt d trdn bad q u a n h gdm
nhieu d trdn khac nhe hdn (tfldng cho
canh hoa).Vao the ky XIV - XVII va ve
sau, hoa cue d nhieu bd'cuc da chiem vi tri
cfla m a t trdi trdn (nhfl rdng c h i u hda
cue...dinh Sdn Ddng (Ha Tay) dinh lang
Dinh Bang (Bic Ninh) den T a m Lang
(Can Ldc, Ha Tinh).

<i><b>Hinh mat trdi trdn: Trd lai dang m a t </b></i>

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=2>

78 <i>Nghien cdu Dong Nam A 8/2009 </i>

chflng cflng quay d i u chau vao trung
tam, d gifla trung tam la mgt vanh trdn
dl nhan ra la mat trdi. Tfl day, mat trdi la
dia trdn dfldc d i n d i n khang dinh. Bflde
qua ddi Le Sd, the ky XV va p h i n nad c l
dau the ky XVI, chflng ta da gap met
dang mat trdi ddn gian hinh d van cd may
cudn bad quanh (bia Van Mieu - Ha Ndi).
Rdi sau dd, chu yeu la mat trdi trdng cd
rdng chiu.

<i>Hinh mat trdi dn du qua hinh chu </i>
<i>be cUdi huau: Ddi khi hinh thflc nay cung </i>
dien ra dfldi nhflng dang dac biet, de ndi
len y tfldng menh mdng ngang t i m trdi
dat cua ngfldi xfla, cd the dan chflng ra
mgt dien hinh d chfla Cfl Trfl. Tren met
mIng cham thung cd ddi rdng venh mat
chiu vao met hdp the gdm chfl be cdi tran
ddi mfl kieu ty lfl (cd ngfldi ndi la vfldng
mien) ngei tren lflng cen hfldu, chan hfldu
khuyu xud'ng, d i u quay nhin lai phia sau.
Trdng tam thflc cd truyen cua cfl dan vflng
ddng cd, khi cen vat cd bg ldng mau lfla
nay Ifldt chay, ngfldi ta nghi nd nhfl bieu
tfldng cua Inh sang, dan dan nd dfldc coi
nhfl mdt linh vat cdng mat trdi chuyen
ddng. Mat khac, trdng tad hinh vi tri nay
thfldng cfla mat trdi hay hda cflc, bang ddi
sanh, chflng ta cd the lien tfldng day la
met bieu tfldng cfla mat trdi.

<i>Hinh mat trdi tron: Ngdai ra, qua </i>
<i>dau vet nghe thuat b Tay Nguyen va tren </i>
nghe thuat cua cac dan tec ngUdi thieu sd'
phia Bac, chflng ta cflng cdn tim dfldc
nhieu bieu tUdng khlc ciia mat trdi, dd la
hinh vudng dUdc chia lam tam tam giac
bang nhau thed cac dUdng ke tam, cfl mdt
d dam lai mdt d nhat. Rdi hda tam d n h

hinh ky ha... Va thdng thfldng, dd an

trang trf nad cd tam d i u thi de la hinh
tfldng cfla ngudn p h i t s i n g hay mat trdi
(chfl Van ciia nha Phat la mdt vf du).

Nhfl vay, trdng nhan thflc cua ngfldi
Viet la cfl dan ndng nghiep lfla nfldc ma
heat ddng chfl yeu dfla theo lich phap mat
trang. The nhflng mat trdi van cd nhflng
vi trf nha't dinh trong tam thflc ngfldi Viet,
y nghia mat trdi tfldng trflng chd ngudn
sinh lflc lam trfldng thanh van van trdng
chu ky (Sinh Xuan, Trfldng Ha, Suy
-Thu, Tang - Ddng), la chu ky van hanh
cfla mfla, thdi tiet, ngay va dem, am va
dfldng , hinh anh mat trdi la de tai hang
xuyen trong trang trf my thuat truyen
thd'ng ngfldi Viet vdi nhieu dang tao hinh
khlc nhau bdi cac hoa van khac nhau ma
trong bai b i o nay chung tdi da ghi chep
mdt d c h sd bd. /.

<b>TAI LIEU THAM KHAO </b>

<i>1. Tran Lam Bien (2001), Trang tri trong my </i>
<i>thudt truyin thd'ng ciia ngUdi Viet, Nxb. </i>
My thuat. Ha Ndi.

<i>2. Tran Lam Bien (2003), Chua Viet, Nxb. </i>

Van hoa thong tin. Ha Ngi.

3.Tran Lam Bien, Chu Quang Trfl (1975),
<i>Nghe thudt chgm khdc cd Viet Nam (qua </i>
cac ban rap), Vien nghe thuat - Bg van hoa.

<i>4. Nguyin Du Chi (2003), Hoa vdn Viet Nam, </i>
TrUdng Dai hgc My thuat Ha Ngi, Vien
My thuat.

<i>5. Phan Cam ThUdng (1997), Dieu khdc cdViet </i>
<i>Nam, Nxb. My thuat, Ha Ngi </i>

</div>

<!--links-->