Xuân Thủy - nhà báo tiêu biểu của nền báo chí cách mạng Việt Nam

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<b>KY NIEM 85 NAM. </b>

<b>X U A N T H O Y</b>

<b> - NHA BAO TlEU Bliu </b>

<b>C O A</b>

<i><b> Hiu</b></i>

<b> B A O</b>

<b> CHI CACH MANG</b>

<b> V I E T</b>

<b> NAM </b>

LE VAN PHONG

<i>I. Con duang den vdi bdo chi cdch mgng </i>
Xuan Thiiy ten that la Nguyen Trgng
Nham, sinh ngay 2-9-1912 tai xa Phuong
Canh, huyen Hoai Diic, tinh Ha Tay - nay la
xa Xuan Phuong, huyen Tir Liem, thanh phd
Ha Ndi. Dugc sinh ra trong mdt gia dinh nha
Nho, ldn len tren manh dat giau truyen thdng
each mang, Xuan Thuy sdm tiep can nhirng tu
tudng each mang vd san do lanh tu Nguyen
Ai Qudc truyen ba. Theo thdi gian, tinh than
sue sdi each mang bat dau biing chay trong
con ngudi dng, nhan thirc ciia Xuan Thiiy ve
chu nghTa Mac - Lenin, ve con dudng each
mang Viet Nam ngay cang sau sac.

Dau nhirng nam 30 the ky XX, Xuan Thuy
la mdt trong nhiing dai dien tieu bieu eua ldp
thanh nien Ha Ndi liic bay gid giac ngd ly
tudng each mang vd san. Den Phiic Yen, thdi
gian dau, khi chua bat dugc lien lac vdi cac td
chirc cdng san, Xuan Thiiy chii ddng nghien
cim va tiep tuc truyen ba chu nghTa
Mac-Lenin, ly tudng edng san theo sir hieu biet cua

minh. Theo dd, Xuan Thiiy va cac cdng sir da
tien hanh to chiic nhirng ldp hgc chir qudc
ngir vao ban dem; lap ra nhung nhdm dgc

Vien Lich sir quan sir Viet Nam

sach bao tien bd; td chirc cac cudc mit tinh
chdng suu cao, thue nang, ddi com ao, hda
binh,v.v... cho nhan dan. Qua nhiing budi hgc
tap, mit tinh nhu vay, nhan dan hieu dugc da
tam xam lugc cua thuc dan Phap; tinh than
<i>yeu nudc, dau tranh each mang dugc khoi day </i>
trong ldng mdi ngudi. Tir dd, phong trao dau
franh chdng thuc dan Phap ciia nhan dan viing
Phiic Yen phat trien manh me. De ngan chan
tinh hinh nay, thuc dan Phap da liing sue gat
gao. Nam 1938, Xuan Thuy bi dich bat va
giam tai nha lao Hda Ld.

Trong chdn lao tii, gdng ciim va xieng xich
khdng lam lay chuyen dugc y chi chien dau
cua Xuan Thiiy, trai lai trong gian khd khd
khan, khi phach each mang ciia dng cang
dugc nhan len gap bdi. Sau khi het han giam
giii, dng lai tiep tuc hoat ddng each mang.
Nam 1939, dng bi dich bat lan thir hai va bi
day di nha tii Son La.

Tai nha tii Son La, Xuan Thiiy hda minh
vao cudc dau tranh ciia nhirng chien sT trong

lao til. Tai day, dng da dugc tiep xuc vdi
nhiing chien sT each mang kien tmng ciia
Dang ta luc bay gid nhu Td Hieu, Tran Huy
Lieu. Qua thuc tien dau tranh, Xuan Thiiy da
tao dugc uy tin vdi ddng chi, ddng ddi ciia

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KY NIEM BS NAM.

minh. Nam 1941. khi Chi bd Dang Cdng san
Ddng Duong dugc thanh lap bi mat tai nha tii
Son La, Xuan Thiiy duge Td Hieu va Tran Huy
Lieu gidi thieu ket nap vao Dang. Do da duge
thir thach, ren luyen trudc khi bi bat va thdi gian
d trong til, Xuan Tliiiy dugc cdng nhan la dang
vien chinh thirc nga}-. Sir kien nay la bude ngoat
quan trgng trong cudc ddi hoat ddng each mang
ciia Xuan Thiiy, la mde quan trgng danh dau sir
chuyen bien ve tu tudng, nhan thirc va hanh
<i>ddng ciia dng tu mdt thanh nien yeu nudc trd </i>
thanh mdt dang vien cdng san.

La ngudi cd nang khieu ve tho van, timg cd
nhung bai viet len tieng phan ddi che do cai tri
ha khac ciia thuc dan Phap thdi gian trudc khi bi
bat, sau khi trd thanh dang vien cua Dang Cdng
san Ddng Duong, vdi nhan quan sau rdng ciia
minh, Xuan Thiiy cimg Tran Huy Lieu da lap ra
<i>mdt td bao bi mat cd ten ggi Sudi Reo (td bao </i>
ciia nhirng ngudi cdng san d nha tii Son La),
nham tuyen taiyen chii tru'ong, dudng ldi ciia

Dang, vach tran am muu, thii doan ciia dich ddi
vdi each mang Viet Nam.

Dudi sir kiem soat vd cimg gat gao eua
djch, de bao tdn tai dugc, Xuan Thiiy va cac
ddng chi rat kheo leo che mat ke thii. Ong da
dua ra nhieu sang kien tim kiem nhung vat
lieu can thiet de duy tri bao duge thudng
<i>xuyen. Nhd bao Sudi Reo, cac chii truong ciia </i>
Dang Cgng san Ddng Duong nhanh chdng
duge truyen ba rdng rai tai nha tii Son La va
khu vuc xung quanh, lam cho phong trao diu
ti-anh a day phat trien kha manh me.

Sau 6 nam bi giam tai Son La, diu nam
1944, thuc dan Phap dua Xuan Thiiy vl quan

thue tai que nha. Ngay sau khi ra tii, ddng chi
dugc td chirc giao nhiem vu phu trach bao
<i>Ciru qudc (mdt trong nhiing td bao bi mat cua </i>
CO quan Tdng bd Viet Minh).

<i>2. Nhd td chiic bdo chi tdi ba </i>

<i>Sau khi phu trach bao Ciru qudc, Xuan </i>
Thiiy nhanh chdng de ra mdt chien lugc mdi
cho viec phat trien ciia bao, trong dd ludn chu
trgng nhiem vu chinh tri quan trgng la tuyen
truyen dudng ldi each mang, cd vii nhan dan
dimg len dau tranh chdng thuc dan Phap. Tir

<i>nhiing thdng tin ma bao Cihi qudc cung cap, </i>
chii truong, dudng ldi ciia Trung uong Dang
sdm den duge vdi nhan dan, tao nen sire
manh vd dich trong cudc Tdng khdi nghTa
gianh chinh quyen Thang Tam nam 1945.

Ngay 2-9-1945, nudc Viet Nam Dan chii
Cdng hda ra ddi, Xuan Thiiy duge Chinh phii
lam thdi phan cdng nhiem vu tham gia Uy
ban Nhan dan Cach mang lam thdi Bac Bg,
true tiep phu trach cdng tac thdng tin, tuyen
truyen va bao chi. Day la thdi ky Xuan Thiiy
cd nhieu ddng gdp vao viec td chirc va phat
trien he thdng bao chi each mang ciia nudc ta.
Tren cuong vi la ngudi td chire cac hoat ddng
bao chi, Xuan Thiiy cd nhieu ddng gdp frong
viec chi dao va trirc tiep chuan bi cho su ra
ddi ciia mdt sd co quan bao chi ldn ciia dat
nudc nhu Dai Tieng ndi Viet Nam, Thdng
Tan xa Viet Nam,...

Trong nhiing nam khang chien chdng thuc
dan Phap, Xuan Thiiy vira true tiip dieu hanh
<i>hoat ddng bao Cuz/ qudc vira giir vai trd td </i>
chirc, kien tao he thdng bao chi ciia mat tran,
trien khai thuc hien ehii truong ciia Dang ve

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<b>KYNIEMBSNAM... </b>

thdng tin, tuyen truyen. Tren tmh than dd,

thang 3 - 1947, Xuan Thiiy td chirc hdi nghi tai
<i>Phil Thg. bdn ve viec thdnh lap cdc chi nhdnh </i>

<i>bdo Cim qudc tgi cdc chien khu. Day la quyet </i>

dinh the hien tam nhin chien lugc ciia Xuan
Thuy trong viec phat trien va md rdng he thdng
bao chi phuc vu cudc khang chien trudng ky
cua nhan dan ta. Giai thich ehii truong nay,
Xuan Thiiy da viet bai bao cd tua de "Mdt
<i>budc tien" dang tren bao Cint qudc ra ngay </i>

<i>1-1-1948, nhan manh, tir ngay ra ddi, Cini qudc </i>
ludn la ngudi linh xung phong tranh dau cho
Viet Nam ddc lap va thdng nhat. Bai bao viet:
"Van nhiem vu ay. tir ngay toan qudc khang
chien, Cim qudc ngay cang thay minh khdng
dugc phep mdt liic nao vang mat noi miii sung,
dudng guom, cung nhu noi ludng cay, gia but,
noi xudng may, nha hang. Bdi vay, mac dau
gap khd khan trong thdi chien, chiing tdi ciing
quyet thanh lap cho bang dugc cac chi nhanh
Cim qudc d hau khap cac chien khu tren toan
cdi nudc nha"'. Theo chii tarong dd, mdt sd
<i>can bd eiia tda soan bao Cim qudc Tmng uong </i>
dugc dieu ddng di tang cudng ciing can bd tai
cac dia phuong de td chirc ra cac chi nhanh bao

<i>Cim qudc. </i>

Dudi su dieu hanh true tiep ciia Xuan
<i>Thiiy, cac chi nhanh bao Cim qudc d cac </i>
chien khu hoat ddng rat hieu qua, phan anh
kjp thdi tinh hinh chien sir va cd vii hnh than
dau tranh ciia nhan dan tatren khap dat nudc.
<i>Sir phat trien rdng khap ciia bao Cim qudc da </i>
dap img tdt nhu cau tuyen taiyen, cd ddng...
ciia cudc khang chien, la noi the hien y Dang,
long dan trong cudc chien chdng quan thii.

day la ket qua dang tu hao cua bao chi each
mang Viet Nam.

Khdng chi la ngudi td chirc, phat trien he
thdng bao chi, Xuan Thiiy cdn ludn quan tam
den cdng viec eiia Bao va ddi sdng eiia can bd
cdng nhan vien. Ong la nggn cd quy tu va
phat huy tai nang ciia tat ca can bd trong tda
soan. Nha bao, nha ngoai giao Nguyen Thanh
Le, ngudi cd thdi gian lam viec ciing Xuan
TTiiiy trong khang chien chdng Phap da nhan
xet: "Phong each ciia anh kha ddc dao. Ve
dudng ldi chinh tri cua bao, anh rat chat che
va ddi hdi can bd bien tap phai nghiem tuc
thuc hien... Ve le ldi lam viec, anh manh dan
khuyen khich tinh than chii ddng ciia mgi
ngudi, nhat la nhiing anh em phu trach tda
soan va tri sir"^.

Xuan Thiiy cdn la mdt trong nhiing ngudi

dat nen mdng xay dung Hdi Nha bao Viet
Nam. Ngay 27-12-1946, dng da chi dao viec
<i>thanh lap Dodn Bdo chi Cdch mgng Viet </i>

<i>Nam. Dau nam 1947, Dodn Bdo chi Khdng </i>
<i>chien cung dugc thanh lap do Xuan Thiiy true </i>

tiep phu trach. Ngay 21-4-1950, tren co sd
<i>Doan Bao chi Khang chien, Hdi nhimg ngicdi </i>

<i>viet bdo Viet Nam ra ddi\ Day dugc xem la td </i>

chirc chinh tri xa hdi nghe nghiep dau tien ciia
nhirng ngudi lam bao. Vdi uy tin cua minh,
Xuan Thiiy dugc bau lam Chii tich Hdi Nha
bao Viet Nam sudt hai nhiem ky tir nam 1950
din 1962. Khdng chi trong nudc, Xuan Thiiy
cung la nha bao Viet Nam dau tien tham gia
vao Ban Chap hanh Td chirc qudc te cac nha
bao (viit tat la OIJ) va nhan dugc giai thudng
ciia td chirc nay.

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<b>KY NIEM 85 NAM. </b>

Tir nam 1962 trd di, do yeu cau ciia each
mang, Xuan Thuy khdng true tiep phu trach
Hdi Nha bao nira, dng dugc giao nhieu trgng
trach ciia Dang. Tuy vay, d mdi vi tri cdng
tac, dng ludn quan tam va cd nhirng ddng gdp
cho bao chi each mang Viet Nam.

<i>3. Mgt cdy biit sdc sdo </i>

Khdng chi la mdt nha td chirc bao chi tai
ba, Xuan Thiiy cdn la mdt cay but sac sao ciia
nen bao chi each mang Viet Nam. Bat tay vao
nghe lam bao tir nhiing nam 30, frd thanh cay
<i>biit ehu chdt ciia td bao Suoi Reo, sau dd phu </i>
<i>trach bao Cim qudc va la mdt trong nhirng </i>
ngudi sang lap ra Hdi Nha bao Viet Nam, dii
ban nhieu cdng viec, nhung d dau va trong bat
cir hoan canh nao, Xuan Thuy ciing tich cue
tham gia viet bao. Nhirng tac pham bao chi
ciia dng chira dung tinh nhan van, tinh dan tde
va cd tinh chien dau rat cao. Ndi dung chii yeu
tap trung vao ca nggi cudc dau tranh cua nhan
dan ta, keu ggi nhan dan doan ket, iing hd cho
cudc khang chien chinh nghTa ciia dan tdc; len
an tdi ac va vach tran nhiing am muu, thii
doan ciia ke thii.

Trong nhirng gid phut quan trgng ciia lieh
sir dan tdc, Xuan Thiiy ludn kip thdi cho ra
mat nhiing bai viet dae sac, himg hue khi thl
each mang. Tdi 19-12-1946, khi Dai tiing ndi
Viet Nam truyen di menh lenh chien diu ciia
Bd trudng, Tdng Tu lenh Vd Nguyen Giap,
<i>ciing la liic bao Cim qudc chuan bi cho ra sd </i>
<i>dae biet vdi ldi keu ggi Todn qudc khdng </i>
<i>chien ciia Chii tich Hd Chi Minh. Xuan Thiiy </i>

<i>da viet Xa luan fren trang nhit ciia bao Cim </i>
<i>qudc. Bai viet ciia dng da frd thanh hr lieu quy </i>

gia ddi vdi nen bao ehi each mang nhung nam
dau khang chien.

<i>Nhirng nam sau dd, tren bao Cim qudc </i>
lien tuc xuat hien nhiing bai bao ciia Xuan
Thuy viet ve nhung van de cap bach, nhirng
sir kien ed y nghTa sdng cdn ddi vdi van menh
ciia dat nudc. Ong viet rat nhieu, cd khi 3, 4
ngay hen deu cd bai hoac cd ngay viet den 2,
3 bai. Nhirng bai bao ciia dng khdng chi bam
sat tinh hinh thdi cudc ma cdn the hien mdt
each sinh ddng nhiing ehii truong, quan diem
ciia Dang va Mat tran, cd y nghTa rat quan
frgng trong hudng dan, chi dao ddi vdi can bd
va nhan dan ta khang chien. Tac pham bao chi
cudi cimg ciia Xuan Thiiy la tap Hdi ky
<i>Nhdng chgng duong Bdo Ciru qudc. Nha bao, </i>
nha ngoai giao Nguyen Thanh Le nhan xet:
"Loat bai anh viet ve bao Cim qudc cung cap
cho chiing ta khdng nhirng nhieu tu lieu quy
ve bao Cim qudc ma ca ve mdt giai doan then
chdt eua each mang Viet Nam, giai doan
trudc va sau Cach mang Thang Tam. Loat bai
ay cho thay rd tmh than lac quan each mang,
da tao cho cae can bd hoat ddng mat luc bay
gid mdt siic manh phi thudng, giiip anh em
chiu dung mgi gian khd, khic phuc mgi gian

nguy, phat huy tinh nang ddng, dua each
mang phat trien nhiing budc nhay vgt"^.

<i>1. Bdo Cihi qudc, sd ra ngay 1-1-1948 </i>
2. 4. Nguyen Thanh Le: "Nha bao cdng san
<i>Xuan Thiiy", Tuyin tap Xudn Thuy, NXB Van </i>
hgc, H, 2000, tr.905

3. Khi mdi thanh lap, Hdi cd hon 300 hdi vien
vdi cac chi hdi d Lien khu 3,4, 5 va Nam Bd.

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