Investigation, assement for current environment of tourist areas in bac lieu province and proposing management solution masters thesis major sciences and management of the environment

THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN
SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT
BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND
LIÈGE UNIVERSITY

DANG THI BICH NGOC

INVESTIGATION, ASSESSMENT FOR
CURRENT ENVIRONMENT OF TOURIST
AREAS IN BAC LIEU PROVINCE AND
PROPOSING MANAGEMENT SOLUTION
Major: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF
THE ENVIRONMENT

MASTER’S THESIS

HOCHIMINH CITY, 2018


The project was completed at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City
Supervisor‟s name: .......................................................................................
(Write full name and signature)
The thesis was taken at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City date . . . . .
month . . . . year . . . . .
Committee members (name):
1. ........................................................................................... - Committee Chair
2. ........................................................................................... - Commissioner
3. ........................................................................................... - Secretary
(Write full name and signature)
COMMITTEE CHAIR

DEAN OF INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I hereby declare that this thesis has been written by me and that it is a record of my
own research work. It has neither in whole nor in part been presented for another
degree elsewhere. Works by other researchers have been duly cited by references to
the respective authors and all assistance received acknowledged accordingly.
I would like to send my sincere thanks to the professors of University of Liege and
IESEM, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, who have imparted knowledge to
me in recent years. It is very important for me to be able to successfully complete my
dissertation.
I am highly indebted to my supervisors Dr. Le Viet Thang for his persistent effort in
guiding, supervising and encouraging me throughout the course of study.
I would like to thank Prof. HAUGLUSTAINE Jean-Marie, for his advice and
encouragement.
I would like to thank Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City for securing funds
for this study.
Finally, thanks a lot!
Author

Dang Thi Bich Ngoc

1


ABSTRACT
Bac Lieu tourism has developed fast and flourishes, sustainability; improved travel
infrastructure; the new cultural tourism projects were invested. These projects have

created many unique, special products which attach a lot of tourists
Besides the contributions that tourism brings, the tourism sector is becoming the
main agent causing environmental pollution in tourist areas in the province
Therefore, the subject "Investigation, assessment for current environment of tourist
areas in Bac Lieu province and proposing management solution" are needed and take
the practical implications contributes to sustainable development of tourism of Bac
Lieu province.
Through the process of surveying and assessing the current status of the tourism
environment in Bac Lieu province area, water quality and air quality in tourist
destinations of the province is relatively good. Environmental pollution mainly
occurs locally in some locations near residential and urban areas, traffic points,
restaurants and hotels…
Environmental protection activities of the province in recent years have achieved
many practical results. However, the state management system of the environment in
the tourist areas in the province is too thin and not corresponding to the requirements
and tasks set out. Investment for environmental protection is also still low. In
addition, a certain number of citizens, tourists and managers' awareness of
environmental protection at tourist attractions is quite low as well.
The environmental impact of tourism activities is reflected in the pollution of surface
water, waste water, waste at tourist attractions and current drawbacks of
environmental management at tourist attractions in the province, which are factors
that affect the sustainable development of tourism.
Therefore, effective implementation of solutions proposed by the task is to improve
the quality of environmental management in the sustainable development of the
province.

2


TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLE ........................................................................................................ 5
LIST OF FIGURE ....................................................................................................... 6
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 9
1. The reason for choosing the topic ....................................................................... 9
2. Objectives of the study ..................................................................................... 10
3. Subject and scope of the study.......................................................................... 11
4. Implications ...................................................................................................... 11
5. Implemetation methodology ............................................................................. 11
CHAPTER 1 THE CURRENT STATUS OF TOURISM RESOURCES AND
BAC LIEU PROVINCE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PLANNING .................... 21
1.1 Travel resources .............................................................................................. 21
1.1.1 Status of tourism resources...................................................................... 21
1.1.2 Current status and planning of Bac Lieu tourism development .............. 30
1.2 Current status of environmental management in tourist activities in Bac Lieu36
1.2.1 Overview of environmental impacts from tourism activities .................. 36
1.2.2 The current status of environmental organization and management in
t0ourism activities ............................................................................................ 41
1.2.3 Organizational structure of environmental management in tourism
activities ............................................................................................................ 45
1.2.4 The shortcomings in the tourism environment protection ...................... 46
CHAPTER 2 CURRENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AT
TOURISM SITES, BAC LIEU PROVINCE ............................................................ 50
2.1 Current status of environmental quality at tourism sites ................................ 50
2.1.1 Current Status of surface water quality ................................................... 50
2.1.2 Current status of underground water quality .......................................... 59
2.1.3 The state of the surrounding air environment ......................................... 64
2.2. Map of current environmental quality at tourism sites .................................. 67
2.2.1 Water quality mapping ............................................................................ 67
3

2.2.2 Mapping the current status of air quality ................................................ 70
CHAPTER 3 EVALUATION OF CURRENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT AT BAC LIEU TOURIST SITES............................................... 72
3.1 Assessment of tourist visitor on environmental quality of provincial tourism72
3.1.1 Types of tourism business activities at tourist destinations generating
waste ................................................................................................................. 72
3.1.2 Assessment of environmental quality at tourist attractions ..................... 72
3.2 Evaluation of the amount of pollutants generated from the operation of tourist
destinations ........................................................................................................... 75
3.2.1 Currrent status of waste water generation ............................................... 75
3.2.2 Current status of solid waste generation ................................................ 83
3.2.3 Emission current status ............................................................................ 86
3.3 Evaluation of the compliance with the law on environmental protection and
environmental management at tourist destinations .............................................. 89
3.3.1 Current status of legal compliance with environmental protection of
tourist sites ........................................................................................................ 89
3.3.2 Environmental management work........................................................... 90
CHAPTER 4
SOLUTIONS PROPOSED FOR TOURISM ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION 101
4.1 Technical solutions ....................................................................................... 101
4.1.1 Prevention and control of pollution in tourism business ...................... 101
4.1.2 Models of environmental protection at tourist attractions .................... 103
4.2 Solutions to managing and protecting tourism environment ........................ 107
4.2.1 General management solutions ............................................................. 107
4.2.2 Environmental management solutions at tourist attractions ................. 112
CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 118
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 119

4


LIST OF TABLE
Table 0.1

Location of surface water sampling at tourist sites ................................ 13

Table 0.2

Location of underground water sampling at tourist sites ....................... 14

Table 0.3

Location of wastewater sampling at tourist sites .................................... 15

Table 0.4

Location of ambient air sampling at tourist sites .................................... 16

Table 0.5

Analytical methods for air samples ........................................................ 16

Table 0.6

Assignment of water quality assessment according to WQI .................. 17

Table 0.7

Compare the level of air quality ............................................................. 19

Table 2.1

Results of calculating and comparing WQI at 07 sampling sites ........... 68

Table 2.2

Results of calculating and comparing hourly AQI at 10 locations ......... 70

Table 3.1

Wastewater discharge at tourist sites ...................................................... 75

Table 3.2

Load of pollutants generated in wastewater daily at tourist sites ........... 83

Table 3.3

Volume of solid waste generated at tourist sites .................................... 84

Table 3.4

Composition of waste at tourist sites ..................................................... 85

Table 3.5

Pollution load coefficient of vehicles ..................................................... 87

Table 3.6

Volume of pollutant emissions ............................................................... 88

Table 3.7Current status of legal compliance of environmental protection at tourist
sites .............................................................................................................................. 89
Table 3.8 Situation of wastewater management at some key tourist sites of Bac
Lieu province .............................................................................................................. 91
Table 3.9

Results of public toilets inspection for tourists....................................... 93

Table 3.10 ...Situation of waste management at some key tourist sites of the province .
..................................................................................................................................... 97
Table 3.11Situation of emission management at some key tourist sites of Bac Lieu
province ......... ............................................................................................................. 99

5


LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 0.1

Garbage on the coastl areas at Nha Mat (Bac Lieu provinces) ........... 10

Figure 0.2

Garbage on Vinh Hung pagoda (Bac Lieu provinces) ........................ 10

Figure 1.1

Bac Lieu Bird Sanctuary ..................................................................... 21

Figure 1.2

Bac Lieu antique longan garden .......................................................... 22

Figure 1.3

Nam Hai Mausoleum........................................................................... 23

Figure 1.4

Ganh Hao sea door .............................................................................. 23

Figure 1.5

Nha Mat Resort ................................................................................... 23

Figure 1.6

Bac Lieu Dandy‟s house...................................................................... 25

Figure 1.7

Cao Van Lau Composer Memorial ..................................................... 25

Figure 1.8

Guanyin Buddha station ...................................................................... 26

Figure 1.9

Tac Say church .................................................................................... 26

Figure 1.10

Uncle Ho's temple ............................................................................... 27

Figure 1.11

The Party Committee's bases............................................................... 28

Figure 1.12

Dong Noc Nang National Monument ................................................. 28

Figure 1.13.

Xiem Can pagoda ................................................................................ 29

Figure 1.14

Domestic visitors market for travel purposes ...................................... 34

Figure 1.15

International tourist market for tourism purposes ............................... 34

Figure 1.16

Waste status is not collected at tourist sites ........................................ 47

Figure 1.17

Current status of rivers and canals contaminated at tourist sites ........ 48

Figure 2.1

Results of analysis of pH in surface water .......................................... 50

Figure 2.2

Results of TSS concentration analysis in surface water ...................... 51

Figure 2.3

Analysis of DO concentration in surface water .................................. 52

Figure 2.4

Analysis of COD concentration in surface water ................................ 53

Figure 2.5

Results of BOD5 concentration in surface water at tourist sites ......... 54

Figure 2.6

Results of analysis of N-NH4 + concentration in surface water ......... 55

Figure 2.7

Results of P-PO4 concentration in surface water at tourist sites ........ 55
6


Figure 2.8Results of analysis of N-NO2 concentration in surface water at tourist sites
....................... ............................................................................................................. 56
Figure 2.9

Results of analysis of N-NO3 concentration in surface water ............ 56

Figure 2.10

Results of analysis of coliforms concentration in surface water ......... 57

Figure 2.11

Analysis of Fe concentration in surface water .................................... 58

Figure 2.12

Results of pH analysis in groundwater ................................................ 60

Figure 2.13

Analysis of Fe concentration in groundwater ..................................... 60

Figure 2.14

Analysis of Cl concentrations in groundwater .................................... 61

Figure 2.15

Analysis of hardness in underground water at tourist sites ................. 61

Figure 2.16Results of analysis of coliform concentrations in groundwater at tourist
sites ................ ............................................................................................................. 62
Figure 2.17

Analysis of nitrate concentration in groundwater ............................... 62

Figure 2.18

Analysis of nitrite concentration in groundwater ................................ 63

Figure 2.19

Analysis of sulfate concentration in groundwater ............................... 63

Figure 2.20

Analysis of SO2 concentration in ambient air .................................... 65

Figure 2.21

Analysis of NO2 concentration in ambient air .................................... 65

Figure 2.22

Analysis of CO concentration in ambient air ...................................... 66

Figure 2.23

Analysis of dust concentration in ambient air ..................................... 66

Figure 2.24

Results of noise analysis (dBA) in ambient air at tourist sites ............ 67

Figure 2.1

Map of current status surface water quality ........................................ 69

Figure 2.2

Map of current status of air quality ..................................................... 71

Figure 3.1

Types of business at key tourist destinations ...................................... 72

Figure 3.2

Quality of Bac Lieu tourism environment as assessed by tourists ...... 73

Figure 3.3

Environmental quality at tourist destinations as assessed by tourists . 74

Figure 3.4

Current status of wastewater flow ....................................................... 76

Figure 3.5

Results of pH analysis of wastewater .................................................. 77

Figure 3.6

Results of BOD5 value analysis of wastewater .................................. 78

Figure 3.7

Results of TSS analysis of wastewater ................................................ 79

Figure 3.8

Results of TDS analysis of wastewater ............................................... 79

7


Figure 3.9

Results of the ammonium value analysis of wastewater ..................... 80

Figure 3.10

Results of nitrate analysis of wastewater ............................................ 80

Figure 3.11

Results of phosphate analysis of wastewater ...................................... 81

Figure 3.12

Results of coliform value analysis of wastewater at tourist sites ........ 81

Figure 3.13

Results of oil and grease value analysis of wastewater at tourist sites 82

Figure 4.1

Volume of solid waste generated daily ............................................... 85

Figure 4.1

Waste management model at tourist sites ......................................... 104

Figure 4.2

Waste water management model from tourist sites .......................... 106

8


INTRODUCTION

1. The reason for choosing the topic
Bac Lieu tourism has developed fast and flourishes, sustainability; improved travel
infrastructure; the new cultural tourism projects were invested. These projects have
created many unique, special products which attach a lot of tourists. Many typical
tourism areas were exploited effectively and have many visitors as: Ho Chi Minh
President Temple (Vinh Loi district); Bac Lieu Dasher‟s House; the system of
historical culture (memorial center of Art of Don ca tai tu music and song in the
South of Viet Nam and Cao Van Lau musician; Hung Vuong square; Nha Mat
artificial sea; Nam Hai Buddha's altar; Tac Say churches; Noc Nang historical
monuments (Gia Rai town); Nam Hai mausoleum (Dong Hai district);…; the tourism
promotion, interest and tight direction; the linking region is expanded, attracting
more and more economic sectors and investors involved in tourism development.
From 2012 to now, tourism revenue reached 3,132 billion, an increase of 20.5%
annually on average, the amount of tourists coming every year steadily increasing. In
2015, the tourism revenue-service all five of about 970 billion, an increase of 1.6
times compared to perform in 2012; the tourists reached about 1,100,000 weekly,
nearly twice in comparison with the year 2012 ...
Besides the contributions that tourism brings, the tourism sector is becoming the
main agent causing environmental pollution in tourist areas in the province. Some of
historical, cultural, scenic, culture is in tourism development planning are at risk of
degradation. Environment, natural landscapes are at risk of pollution, invasive.
Causes of environmental pollution in the above mentioned tourist area, is due to the
work of environmental hygiene have not been organizations, individuals in this field
of interest on a regular basis. Garbage has not been picked up, handled thoroughly,
leading to environmental pollution near residential areas, restaurants and hotels;
wastewater treatment system have yet to be invested, so waste water resources in
these areas is mainly discharged into the environment, ....
9

In addition, visitor consciousness is not yet high, they through trash, food scraps
indiscriminately on the beach, relic area, ... While the majority of garbage has not
been processed, or there are only processed by the method of burying ... affect the
landscape, the natural environment and the quality of water supplies in the area. Lack
of coordination between the authorities, scientific bodies, corporate business travel in
the using, management of tourism resources.

Figure 0.1
Garbage on the coastl areas
at Nha Mat (Bac Lieu provinces) [1]

Figure 0.2
Garbage on Vinh Hung
pagoda (Bac Lieu provinces) [1]

Tourism is an important economic sector of Bac Lieu and it is also a sensitive
economic sector. Tourism development based on the advantage of natural resources
and the environment and also due to the tourist activities contribute to ruin its own
development advantage.
Therefore, the subject "Investigation, assessment for current environment of tourist
areas in Bac Lieu province and proposing management solution" are needed and take
the practical implications contributes to the development of tourism of Bac Lieu
province.
2. Objectives of the study
2.1 General Objective
Investigation, assessment for current environment of tourist areas in Bac Lieu
province and proposing management solution for sustainable development of tourist
industry in Bac Lieu province

10

2.2 Specific Objectives
+ Survey the current state and the happening of environment quality of tourist areas
in Bac Lieu city;
+ Investigation, statistics, reviews the current state of environmental management
at Bac Lieu „s tourist areas
+ Proposed the solutions, environmental protection model in the development of
tourism in Bac lieu province
3. Subject and scope of the study
3.1 Research subject
The research subject of the thesis are the tourist resorts in the province of Bac Lieu.
3.2 Research scope
The scope of research object and the practical application of thesis is limited in Bac
Lieu province.
4. Implications
4.1 Significance of research
Assessment of the current state of the environment at the sites and resorts of Bac
Lieu province aims at researching and proposing the scientific management solutions
to improve the quality of environmental management in sustainable tourism
development of Bac Lieu Province.
4.2 Practical implication of research
The thesis will contribute significantly to creating a favorable investment
environment for tourism services, improving the environmental quality for the
residential and tourism activities, contributing a great deal to sustainable tourism
development of Bac Lieu province.
5. Implemetation methodology
5.1. Collecting information and statistical method
11

Collecting data: Document information collection, data on:
+ Bac Lieu province tourism resources including natural resources, human
resources, spiritual resources, ...
+ The status and development of tourism in Bac Lieu province;
+ Environmental pollution and environmental protection at the point, Bac Lieu
tourist area;
+ Screening and evaluation of information, documents and data collected.
Analyze the data
Input, process data collected, data analysis by EXCEL software: Enter the results of
survey statistics have done above; The results of sample analysis and processing to
give the error, reliability, correlation of data series, ...
Data processing has been digitized and mapped using Mapinfo;
5.2 Survey, interview method
Carrying out surveys, statistics and assessing the current status of environmental
management at Bac Lieu tourist sites according to the pre-built forms and interviews
to collect and supplement necessary information, Also check the available data.
+ Audience survey divided groups: (1) Group subjects operating in the locationand
tourist resorts including Management of locationtourist resorts and business
establishments, sales at the point, resort; group (2) The target group is tourists
and visitors, the households living in the area of location and tourist resorts.
+ The information collected includes: (1) the locationtourist resorts: location,
coordinates, area, size, type of tourism, the number of visitors, the type of waste
generated and processed forms ...; (2) Travelers: name, age, income, educational
level, customer awareness about environmental pollution in tourist activities,
travel preferences, customer awareness of environmental protection in tourism
activities, receive review of tourists to landscape management measures
Environment in the area, sightseeing tourist, ...

12

+ Survey information and data will be used to assess the current state of
environmental management at key tourist sites in the province (Chapter 3).
Information data such as waste water, solid waste,... at tourist establishments,
accommodation establishments and tourists' comments on

the tourist

environment of the province.
+ Number of surveys forms: 200 votes.
5.3 Method of measurement survey, sampling analysis
5.3.1. Sample survey for water quality analysis
Sampling and analysis of environmental indicators to assess surface water quality at
tourist sites in the province:
+ Selecting the location of sampling: only sampling at points, the resort has a
surface water source.
+ Time sampling: 1 time
+ The number of samples: 7 samples/time of x 1 = 7 samples
+ The analysis parameters: pH, DO, temperature, turbidity, SS, BOD5, COD,
ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, coliform, photphate, arsenic, Cadmium, lead, copper,
zinc, chromium, total manganese, iron, mercury and oil plant and animal fat
Table 0.1

Location of surface water sampling at tourist sites [1]

No

Symbol

Sample
collection time

1

NM01

4/10/2016

2

NM02

3/10/2016

3
4
5
6
7

NM03
NM04
NM05
NM06
NM07

4/10/2016
5/10/2016
6/10/2016

7/10/2016
7/10/2016

Sampling location
30/4 Cannal,
Bac Lieu section river which before Bac
Lieu Hotel,
Ho Nam Ecological Tourist Area,
Ganh Hao estuary
Bac Lieu Provincial Party Committee
Temple of President Ho Chi Minh,
Hung Thien Pagoda

Coordinates
sampling
X
Y
581199
1018378
579342

1026746

580300
545939
536052
570411
586698

1028887

997626
1052833
1037339
1035066

Collecting samples and analyzing environmental indicators to assess groundwater
quality at tourist sites in the province.
+ Select the sampling locations. Only sampling at key tourist sites of the province.
13


+ Sample quantity: 10 samples.
Analysis parameters: pH, NO3, NO2,Ammonium (NH4 + calculated in N), coliform,
Ecoli, Fe, Mn, total hardness, sulphate, chloride, arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium
IV, copper, zinc and mercury.
Table 0.2

No

Symbol

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

10

NG01
NG02
NG03
NG04
NG05
NG06
NG07
NG08
NG09
NG10

Location of underground water sampling at tourist sites [1]

Sample
collection
time
4/10/2016
4/10/2016
4/10/2016
3/10/2016
4/10/2016
5/10/2016
5/10/2016
6/10/2016
7/10/2016
7/10/2016

Sampling location

Bac Lieu Bird Sanctuary,
Buddhist Sanctuary
Ho Nam Ecological Tourist Area,
Bac Lieu Dandy resort
Xiem Can pagoda,
Nam Hai Mausoleum
Tac Say church
Bac Lieu Provincial Party Committee
Temple of President Ho Chi Minh,
Hung Thien Pagoda,

Coordinates
sampling
X
Y
578964 1022123
580725 1018093
580360 1028797
579251 1026742
587377 1023451
546734 998223
543403 1019773
535969 1052761
570441 1037385
586594 1034950

+ Collecting survey samples and analyzing environmental indicators to assess the
quality of wastewater generated at tourist sites in the province.
+ Sample quantity: 14 samples.
+ Analysis parameters: pH, SS, BOD5, total soluble solids, ammonium, nitrate,

phosphate, coliform, oil plant.

14


Table 0.3

No

Symbol

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

NT01
NT02
NT03
NT04

NT05
NT06
NT07
NT08
NT09
NT10
NT11
NT12
NT13
NT14

Location of wastewater sampling at tourist sites [1]

Sample
collection
time
4/10/2016
4/10/2016
4/10/2016
3/10/2016
4/10/2016
3/10/2016
4/10/2016
4/10/2016
4/10/2016
4/10/2016
4/10/2016
4/10/2016
4/10/2016
3/10/2016

Sampling location
Bac Lieu bird garden
Buddhist Sanctuary
Ho Nam Eco-tourism Area
Bac Lieu Dandy tourist area
Xiem Can pagoda
Bac Lieu hotel - restaurant
Dat Ngoc hotel
Guest House No 1 Hung Vuong
Thanh Dat hotel
Artificial sea
Nam Hai mausoleum
Tac Say church
Bac Lieu Provincial Party Committee
Bac Lieu Diamond

Coordinates
sampling
X
Y
578670
1022025
580730
1018096
580216
1028871
579274
1026714
587370

1023451
579355
1026885
579060
1026887
579334
1027601
579060
1027470
581676
1017986
546757
998201
543529
1019760
536006
1052740
578836
1027718

 Water sampling method
+ TCVN 5992:1995 (ISO 5667-2: 1991): water quality - sampling - technical
guidance on sampling;
+ TCVN 5993:1995 (ISO 5667-3: 1985): water quality - sampling - storage and
simple processing;
+ TCVN 6663-1:2002 (ISO 5667-1:1980): Water Quality - Sampling - Manual
sampling;
+ TCVN 5999:1995 (ISO 5667-10:1992): Water Quality - Sampling - Wastewater
sampling;
+ TCVN 6663-6:2008 (ISO 5667-6:2005): Water quality - Sampling - Guidelines

for sampling in rivers and streams.
 Method for measuring and analyzing water samples
Analytical methods to determine surface and waste water quality parameters shall be
implemented in accordance with the guidance of national standards or relevant
analytical standards of international organizations.

15


5.3.2 Sampling survey for air quality analysis
Sampling and analysis of environmental indicators to assess surface air quality at
tourist sites in the province:
+ Select the sampling locations. Only sampling at key tourist sites of the province.
+ Time sampling: 1 time
+ The number of samples: 10 samples/time of x 1 = 10 samples
+ The analysis parameters: noisy, dust, CO, SO2, NO2.
Table 0.4
No

Symbol

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

10

KK1
KK2
KK3
KK4
KK5
KK6
KK7
KK8
KK9
KK10

Location of ambient air sampling at tourist sites [1]

Sample
collection
time
4/10/2016
4/10/2016
4/10/2016
3/10/2016
4/10/2016
5/10/2016
5/10/2016
6/10/2016
7/10/2016
7/10/2016

Table 0.5

No
1
2
3
5
4

Parameters
NO2
SO2
CO
Dust
Noise

Sampling location
Bac Lieu bird garden
Buddhist Sanctuary
Ho Nam Eco-tourism Area
Bac Lieu Dandy tourist area
Xiem Can pagoda
Nam Hai mausoleum
Tac Say church
Bac Lieu Provincial Party Committee
Temlple of president Ho Chi Minh
Hung Thien pagoda

Coordinates
sampling
X
Y

578956
1022132
580712
1018220
580234
1028851
579315
1026795
587510
1023310
546682
998208
543462
1019860
536039
1052742
580462
1037463
586698
1035064

Analytical methods for air samples [30]
Unit
mg/m3
mg/m3
mg/m3
mg/m3
dBA

Analysis method

TCVN 6137:1996
TCVN 5971:1995
Folin-Ciocalteu- 52 TCN 352-89
TCVN 5067:1995
ISO 1996:2-2007

5.4 Comparative method
Based on the results of measurement and analysis, water samples will be compared
with current environmental standards such as QCVN 08-MT: 2015 / BTNMT on
surface water quality, QCVN 09-MT: 2015 / BTNMT on underground water, QCVN
14: 2008 / BTNMT on domestic wastewater, QCVN 05: 2013 / BTNMT on ambient
air quality.

16


5.5 The calculation method for water quality index WQI
WQI is calculated for each monitoring parameter. Each parameter determines a
specific WQI value, from which the WQI is determined to assess the water quality of
the monitoring point. The parameters are used for calculate WQI include: pH, DO,
temperater, turbidity, TSS, amonium, phosphate, BOD5, COD, coliforms.
The formula for calculating the WQI value is as follows:

In which:
+ WQIa: The WQI values were calculated for 5 parameters: DO, BOD5, COD,
amonium, phosphate;
+ WQIb: The WQI values were calculated for 2 parameters: turbidity, TSS;
+ WQIc: The WQI values were calculated for parameter: coliforms;
+ WQIpH: The WQI values were calculated for parameter: pH;
After calculating the WQI value, use thedetermine the WQI value table

corresponding to the water quality assessment for comparison, as follows:
Table 0.6
WQI value
91 – 100
76 – 90
51 – 75
26 - 50
0 – 25

Assignment of water quality assessment according to WQI [25]
Water quality assessment
Well used for water supply purposes
Used for water supply purposes but requires appropriate
treatment measures
Used for irrigation and other similar purposes
Used for navigation and other similar purposes
Heavy polluted water, need treatment measures in the
future

Color
Blue
Green
Yellow
Orange
Red

5.6 The calculation method for air quality index AQI
The process of AQI calculation and use in ambient air quality assessment includes
the following steps:

17


1. Collecting and gathering the monitoring data from continuously monitored air
environment (processed data).
2. Calculating air quality indices for each parameter according to the formula.
3. Calculating the air quality index by hour/day.
4. Comparing the air quality index with the table to determine the level of air
pollution warning and impact on human health.
Calculate the AQI value by the hour
a. Hourly AQI value of each parameter (AQIxh)
The hourly AQI value of each parameter is calculated according to the following
formula:
AQI xh 

TS x
.100
QC x

TSx: Average monitoring value of 1 hour of parameter X
QCx: 1 hour average value of parameter X
Note: For the PM10 parameter: due to no standard 1 hour average, so the TSP norm
takes 1 hour to replace the PM10
AQIxh: Hourly AQI value of parameter X (rounded to integer).
AQI value per hour
After AQIxh value is determined, the maximum AQI value for the five parameters at
the same time is chosen to obtain the AQI value per hour.
AQIh = max(AQIhx)
In 1 day, each parameter has 24 average values of 1 hour, so for each parameter, 24
AQIxh values are calculated, correspondingly, 24 AQI values are calculated per hour

to assess the ambient air quality and the extent of human health per hour.
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Comparison of the air quality index calculated with the table
After the air quality index is already calculated, the table to determine the AQI value
corresponding to the air quality warning level and the level of impact on human
health is used for comparison and assessment.
Table 0.7
AQI value
0 – 50
51 – 100
101 – 200

Air quality
Good
Average
Least

201 – 300

Bad

Trên 300

Dengoures

Compare the level of air quality [25]
Health effect
Does not affect health

Sensitive group should limit time outside
Sensitive group should limit time outside
Sensitive group to avoid. Others are limited
outside
Everyone should stay indoors

Color
Blue
Yellow
Orange
Red
Brown

Note: Sensitive groups include: children, the elderly and people with respiratory
illness
The parameters commonly used for calculating AQI are the parameters specified in
QCVN 05: 2009 / BTNMT including: SO2, CO, NOx, O3, PM10, TSP.
5.7 Calculation of pollutant load method
The pollutant discharge load from wastewater sources is calculated according to the
following formula:
W = C×Q×10-3
In which:
+ W: Pollutant load (Kg / day)
+ Q: Wastewater flow (m3/ day) - taken from survey data provided by tourist sites
+ C: Concentration of pollutants (mg/l) - is calculated from the average
concentration of pollutants obtained from wastewater analysis resulted from of
each waste source. With regard to waste water from the production and business
establishments in the province are mainly domestic wastewater caused by
officials and employees in establishments and tourists.

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5.8 Professional method
Based on the local conditions and experience of the experts who have performed the
task or related tasks to unify the common views for the deployment of the task.
5.9 The main techniques used
+ GIS software (geographic information system), GIS, MapInfo ...: put the results
and database on the map for analysis.
+ Other popular computer softwares.

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CHAPTER 1
THE CURRENT STATUS OF TOURISM
RESOURCES AND BAC LIEU PROVINCE TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
1.1 Travel resources
1.1.1 Status of tourism resources
1.1.1.1 Natural tourism resources
The system of natural bird gardens
The natural bird garden system in Bac Lieu province is scattered throughout the
province's districts with hundreds of different species of birds, many of which are
rare and valuable resources that can be developed into attractive eco-tourism
destinations.
One of the 11 bird gardens currently located in the province is state-managed bird
park as Bac Lieu bird sanctuary (Bac Lieu bird garden in Bac Lieu city) and the
others are private bird gardens

Figure 1.1 Bac Lieu Bird Sanctuary [1]
+ Bac Lieu Bird Sanctuary is a remnant of coastal mangroves, due to the natural
deposition has become increasingly distant from the South China Sea. It covers
an area of 385 hectares, including 19 hectares of primeval forest where is a home
to about 46 species of birds, including species such as Mycteria leucocephala,
Phalacrocorax fuscicollis... listed in the red book. 150 species of animals 109

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species of plants make up a rich flora and fauna expressing high biodiversity.
Bac Lieu bird garden with a beautiful natural landscape and rather relatively
well-invested facilities ... are the resource points that are eligible to develop into
attractive eco-tourism with bird watching activities combined with ecotourism,
mangrove signt-seeing ...
+ There are also 9 private bird gardens with a total area of about 23 hectares and
and stork garden in Long Hoa hamlet, Phuoc Long town, an area of over 3.9
hectares that can be exploited for sightseeing tours of the province
Bac Lieu antique longan garden
Bac Lieu longan garden is is located 6 kilometers from the city center, stretching
nearly 7 kilometers along the coastal road route from Nha Mat ward to Vinh Trach
Dong commune with an area of over 50 ha. Highlights here are the longan gardens
with many old longan trees up to hundreds of years old. In addition, a typical
MeKong delta countryside scene provides an attractive eco-space where can
accommodate a variety of tourist activities such as weekend breaks, culture, ecology,
cuisine...

Figure 1.2 Bac Lieu antique longan garden [1]
Nowaday, the scheme for antique longan preservation for the longan planting area
has been implemented and invested in the infrastructure to form an agro-ecological

tourist zone.
Mangrove forest and agricultural and fishery ecosystems
A coastal ecosystem of mangrove forests with thousands of run along 56 kilometers
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of coastline extending from Bac Lieu city to Ganh Hao estuary. Due to its natural
features, although sea of Bac Lieu is no natural beach, there are unique features of
the mangrove ecosystem such as mangrove forest landscape with canals, rich
products, aquaculture ... These areas can be exploited for development of tourism in
the form of resort resorts, weekend holiday ... associated with agricultural ecology,
rural tourism ... During the weekends, in addition to convalescence and enjoyment of
the special foods and fesh atmosphere, tourists can directly experience the culture
and life of coastal residents, such as canoeing in protection forest, fishing, shrimp
catching ...
Possible resource sites in the area along the Bac Lieu coast include:
+ Nha Mat Beach Resort - Bac Lieu City;
+ Ganh Hao estuary;
+ Coastline along the sea dyke from Bac Lieu to Ganh Hao

Figure 1.3 Nam Hai Mausoleum [1]

Figure 1.4 Ganh Hao sea door [1]

Figure 1.5 Nha Mat Resort [1]
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