Nhân dân tham gia hoạt động quản lý của chính quyền đía phương: Thực tiễn và vấn đề tiếp tục nghiên cứu đổi mới ở Việt Nam

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<b>qUAIVTRI-IIUANLV </b>

NHAN DAN THAM GIA HOAT DONG

QUAN LY CUA CHINH QUYEN DIA

P H I J O N G :

THlJC TIEN VA VAN DE TIEP TUC

NGHIEN Cifu DOI MCfl d VIET NAM

• NGO SY TRUNG

<b>TOM TAT: </b>

Sif tham gia cua nhan dan (ngifcti dan va cac to cbilc xa boi) vao boat d6ng quan ly cua
chinh quy^n dia phu'dng la mdt trong nhiJng net cd ban trong to cbiJc va boat dpng cua nha nu'dc
dan chu. Tuy nhien, mtfc do tham gia cua ngtfcii dan lai phan anh ro net tinh dSn chu cua moi
quoc gia. Trong b^i viet nay, tac gia tap trung phan tich tbifc tien sif tham gia cua nhan dan
vao boat dong quan ly cua chinh quyin dia phu'dng ViSt Nam theo quy dinh cua ph^p luSt bi$n
<i>h^nh, tii do cbi ra nbCng ifu diem, han cheva gdi y van de tie'p tuc nghien ciJu doi mdi. </i>

<i><b>Tit lihoa: Chinh quyin dia phifdng, nhan dan, quan ly. </b></i>

<b>1. Srf tham gia cua nhSn dan vao hoat dpng </b>
<b>quan ly cua chinh quy^n dia phtfring </b>

<i>Trong boat dong quan nha nifdc d dia pbifdng, </i>
nhiem vu quan trong ma cd quan chinh quyen c^n
<i>thifc hien do la thu but difdc sd tham gia cua ngifcfi </i>
dan va cac td chu'c xa h6i de phat huy toi da cac
nguon life phuc vu cho sif ph^t trifi'n kinh te - xa
hoi dia phifdng. Ly do de chinh quyin dia phifdng

<i>phai thu hut sif diam gia cua ngifdi dan va cac tS </i>
chiJc xa h6i trong boat dpng quan ly nha nifdc xuat
<i>phdt tii dac diem, muc tieu cua hoat dong nay difdc </i>
nhigu nha nghien ciJu de cap tren khia canh quan
Iri dia phu'dng [1], [3], [8], cu the la:

- X§y du'ng mot chinh quyen gan dan; Cd quan
chinh quyen phai tao dilu kien de ngifdi dan va
cac to chtfc xa hpi tham gia nhieu hdn vao cac
cong viec cua dia pbifdng, gop phan tang cifdng
trach nhiem cua chinh quyen trong vi6c ban hanh
va thu'c thi cac quyet dinh quan ly.

- Phi tap trung hda boat ddng quan ly nha
ntfdc The hi6n ro net nha't qua hoat ddng ttf quan
cua cbinb quyen, theo do chinh quyen cd quyen
huy dong moi nguon life cua dia phtfdng de thifc
hien nhiem vu phat trien va sif tham gia cua
ngtfdi dan, cua cac td chtfc xa hpi la nguon ltfc
idn, khong th^ kbSng tinh den.

Vi6c thu hiit sif tham gia cua ngtfdi dan va cac
id chtfc xa hpi thtfdng dtfpc thifc bien theo nhilu
hinh thtfc phu hdp vdi dac diem chinh tri, kinh t6',
van hoda... cua quo'c gia va ciia dia phu'dng, bao
gom ca hinh thtfc trtfc ri6'p va gian tie'p.

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<b>TAP CHi CONG THIflfNG </b>

trtfng cau dan y va dieu nay difdc the che' boa

<i>mot each ro rang. Day la hinh thtfc dan chu d </i>
mtfc cao, difpc nhieu ntfdc tren the gidi da, dang
thtfc hien va thtfc bi6n rat hieu qua, trd thanh van
boa chinh tri cua quo'c gia.

- Hinh thtfc ibam gia gian tie'p: Ngtfdi dan va
cac td chtfc xa hpi bay td y kie'n, nguyen vpng,
kien nghi cua minh thdng qua cac dai bieu dan
ctf theo quy dmh cua phap luat. Cac dai bleu dan
ctf se thay mat nhan dan de tham gia hoach dinh
chinh sach va giai quye't cac cong viec cua dia
phtfdng. Day la each thtfc phd bien tren the gidi
dtfdng dai, my nhien, viec ban ctf d mdi qud'c gia
cung CO stf khac nhau nha't dinh dtfa tr6n dac
diem cbinb tn, van hda... cua bo. Dieu do cung cd
nghTa 1^ stf tham gia gian tie'p cua ngtfdi dan va
cac to chtfc xa hpi vao boat dpng cua cbinb quyen
dia phtfdng d mdi ntfdc cung khong gid'ng nhau.
De thu hiit dtfdc stf tham gia ciia ngtfdi dan va
cac td chtfc xa hoi, ngoai nhtfng che' dinh phap
luat ve quyin bau ctf, tfng ctf, v^ quyen gi^m sat,
ki^'n nghi, ve trtfng c^u dan y... do'i vdi hg, cac
nha lanh dao dia phu'dng phai tao dilu ki^n dd
ngtfdi dan va cac td chtfc xa hoi tham gia nhieu
hdn vao cdng viec cua dia phifdng. Viec nay phai
dtfpc thtfc hien mot each cbinb thtfc, ro rang bang
viec the che' boa, trong dd xac dinh cu the noi
dung tham gia cua ngtfdi dan va cac t6 chtfc xa
hoi vao boat dong quan ly cua chinh quyen:
<i>Tham gia boat dSng ttf quan cd sd; tham gia thao </i>

luan, kie'n nghi chinh sach vdi chinh quyen,... ttf

<i>do gdp phan tang ctfdng trach nhiem cua chinh </i>

quyen trong viec ban hanh va thtfc bien cac quye't
dinh chinh sach.

Tiiy theo dac diem che' dp cbinb tri cua mdi
qud'c gia ma viec the che hda nay dtfdc quy dinh
trong van ban luat cua Trung tfdng va ap dung
thong nha't do'i vdi cac dia phtfdng (thtfdng d cac
qud'c gia ddn nhS't) hoac dtfdc quy dinh trong van
ban luat cua mdi dja phtfdng (thtfdng 6 cac qud'c
gia lien bang). Viec the chg' hda stf tham gia cua
ngtfdi dan va cac td chtfc xa bdi vao hoat dpng
cua cbinb quyin dja phu'dng can dtfdc chu y ca
phtfdng dien tham gia to chtfc va tham gia quan
ly. Dieu do the bien y nghia cua sif ton trong
quyen ttf do dan chu cua nhan dan trong thie't che
dan chu - mdt xu hudng td chtfc chinh quy^n tie'n

bd cua the'gidi dUdng dai. Cung vdi quan lycfing
viec theo phSn cS'p, phSn quyen thi quan !>? sif
tham gia cua ngtfdi dan va cac td chtfc xa hdi khi
dtfdc the che'hda mot each rd rang theo pham vi
ndi dung quan ly nha ntfdc, se giiip cho cd quan
chinh quyen co the huy dpng dtfdc stfc dSn mgt
cachdd dang trong viec giai quye't cac nhiem vu
theo ttfng ITnh vtfc dtfdc phan cap, pbSn quy^n.
Hoat ddng quan ly nha ntfdc d ca'p dia phtfdng tif

do mdi phat buy dtfdc vai trd thtfc stf cua no vii
thtfc stf cd y nghia khi ca cd quan ebinh quy^n,
nhan dan ciing tifdng tac de giai quye't cd ke't qua
cac cong viec ciia dia phtfdng, co ldi cho ca phia
chinh quyen va nhan dan.

<b>2. Thtfc t i l n nhan dSn tham gia hoat dpng </b>
<i><b>quan ly cua chinh q u y i n dja phu'dng d Vi^t </b></i>
<b>Nam </b>

Tai Viet Nam, nhan dan thtfc hien quyen tham
gia boat dpng quan ly cua chinh quyen dtfdc quy
djnh ro trong nhieu van ban phap luat lifin quan
dg'n to chtfc chinh quyen va dan chu cd sd [2],
[4], [9], cu the la:

<i>a) Nhdn ddn bdn vd triic tie'p quye't dinh </i>
<i>nhi$m vif qudn ly phdt trien cua dia phitdng </i>

Nhan dan ban va quye't dinh trtfc tie'p ve chu
tru'dng va mtfc dong gdp xay dtfng cd sd ha tang,
cac cong trinh phiic ldi cdng edng trong pham
vi ca'p xa, thdn, td dan phd' do nhan dan dong
gdp toan bp hoac mot phan kinh phi va cac cong
viee khac trong ndi bd edng ddng dan cif phij
hdp vdi quy dinh cua phap luat. N6'u tren 50%
tdng so' ctf tri hoac ctf tri dai dien hp gia dinh
trong thon, td dan phd' hoac trong toan cSp xa
tan thanh thi cd gia tri thi hanh (Di^u 10, Dilu
12, Pha p le nh 34/2007/PL-UBTVQHl 1) difdi sif

giam sat cua cbinb quyen va cac doan the nhSn
dan dja phtfdng.

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qUAN TRj-qUAN LV

ket cong ddng, van hda ban dia cua dSn ctf dia
phtfdng (kinh doanh du lich cdng ddng; san xuat
kinh doanh san pham truyin thd'ng,....). VS'n de
nay can dtfpc cdc nha lanh dao quan tam ngbi6n
ciJu them de ti6'p tuc phat buy quyen lam chu ciia
nhan dan bong viec ttf quyg't cac va'n de lien quan
<i>trifc tie'p din ddi sd'ng kinh te, van hda, xa hdi </i>
ciia ho d dia ban dan cif

<i>b) Nhdn ddn bdn, Heu quyet de cdp cd thdm </i>
<i>quyen quyet dinh nhiem VH qudn ly phdt trien cua </i>
<i>dia phUdng </i>

Nhan dan ban va bieu quyg't ve hUdng Udc,
quy u'dc ciia thdn, td dSn phd'; bau, mien nhiem,
bai nhiem Trifdng thdn, Td trtfdng id dan phd';
bau, bai nhiem thanh vien Ban thanh tra nhan
dan, Ban giam sat dau ttf eiia edng ddng. Gia tri
thi hanh cua nhffng ndi dung nhSn din ban va
bieu quye't nay dUdc xac dinh nhtf sau (Dieu 13,
Dieu 15, Phap lenh sd 34/2007/PL-UBTVQHl 1):
+ Dd'i vdi vi§c ban va bieu quye't ve htfdng
lfdc, quy Udc ciia thdn, td dSn phd', n6'u tren 50%
cdng sd ctf tri hoac ctf tri dai di6n bd gia dinh
trong thdn, td dan phd tan thanh tbi cd gia tri tbi

hanh sau khi Uy ban nhan dan cap huyen ra quye't
dinh cdng nhan.

+ Dd'i vdi viec bau, mien nhidm, bai nhidm
Tru'dng thdn, ne'u cd tren 50% tdng so'ctf tri hoac
ctf tri dai dien hd gia dinh trong thdn, td dan phd'
tan thanh thi cd gia tn thi hanh sau khi Uy ban
nhSn dan cS'p xa ra quye't dinh cdng nhin.

+ Dd'i vdi vigc bau, bai nhiem thanh vien Ban
thanh tra nhan dan, Ban giam sat dau ttf cua cdng
ddng, ne'u cd tren 50% tdng sd' ctf tri hoac ctf tri
dai dien hd gia dinh tan thanh thi cd gia trj thi
hanh sau kbi dUde Uy ban Mat trSn Td qud'c Vi6t
Nam ca'p xa cdng nhan.

Vdi nhffng quy dinh tren, cd the tha'y cdng
viec ndi bp ciia cdng ddng dan ctf dm phtfdng ben
canh viec td chtfc bd may mang tinh ttf quan cdng
ddng dtfdc cd quan cbinb quyen, doan the sd tai
cd tham quyen cdng nhSn va giam sat thtfc hien
(bau, miln nhiem, bai nhidm Trtfdng thdn, To
tru'dng to din phd'; bau, bai nhiem thanh vien Ban
thanh tra nhan dan. Ban giam sat dau ttf ciia cdng
dong.), cdn ed nhtfng vide mang tinh quy tfdc ndi
bp, tu quan cdng ddng (hu'dng tfdc, quy tfdc ciia
thdn, td dSn phd';) lai phai cd stf tham gia cua

chinh quyen cap tren (ca'p huyen) mdt each sau
sac bang binh thtfc phe chuan, cdng nhSn, Ve mat

hinh thtfc, di^u nay da lam giam tinh thin lam
chii thtfc stf cua nhan dan dia phifdng.

<i>c) Nhdn ddn tham gia ddng gop y kie'n ddi vdi </i>
<i>chUdng trinh, dti dn do chinh quyen dia phUOng </i>
<i>xdy dting vd thiic hien co Uen quan den sii phdt </i>
<i>trien kinh te- xd hqi cua diaphUcdig </i>

Chinh quyen dia phtfdng cd trach nhiem thdng
bao de nhan dan bie't va tham gia ddng gdp y
<i>kid'n dd'i vdi ckc chtfdng trinh, dtf an tren, ddng </i>
thdi cd trach nhidm, tdng hdp, nghidn ctfu, tid'p
thu de hoan thidn va tridn khai thifc hidn chUdng
trinh, dif an (Didu 13, Nghi dinh
sd04/2015/ND-CP). Cac chtfdng tnnh, dtf an can la'y y kie'n nhan
dan bao gdm (Dieu 19, Phap lenh sd 34/2007/PL~
UBTVQHl 1):

-I-Kd'hoach phat tridn kinh td'-xa hoi ciia cap
xa; phifdng an chuyen ddi cd ca'u kmh te', cd cau
san xua't; de an dinh canh, djnh ctf, vung kinh te'
mdi va phtfdng an phat trien ngdnh ngbl ciia
Cti'p x a .

+ Quy hoach, ke'hoachstf dung dat chi tie't va
phtfdng an dieu chinh; vide quan ly, stf dung quy
da't cua cap xa.

-I- Kd'hoach tridn khai cac chUdng irlnh, dtf an
tren dia ban cap xa; chii trtfdng, phtfdng an den

bu, hd trd giai phdng mat bang, xay dtfng cd sd
ha tang, tai djnh ctf; phtfdng an quy hoach khu
dan ctf.

+ Dd an thanh Idp mdi, nhap, chia ddn vi banh
chinh, dieu cbinb dia gidi hanh cbinb lien quan
trtfc tie'p de'n cap xa.

<i>+ Nhtfng va'n de khac dn phai lay y kie'n nhSn </i>
dan theo quy djnh ciia phap luSt, theo yeu cau
ciia cd quan nha ntfdc cd tham quyen hoac ebinh
quyen ca'p xa thay can thie't.

Ndi dung nay cho tha^y, nhan dan thtfc hidn
quyen lam chii ciia minh trong vide tham gia ddng
gdp y kie'n dd'i vdi cac chtfdng trinh dtf an ciia cd
quan chinh quyen, the' nhifng lai chtfa cd quyen
lam chii trong viec ttf xay difng chtfdng trinh, dtf
an lien quan de'n stf phdt tnen kinh te' - xa hdi dia
phtfdng va de xua't chinh quyen nghien ctfu thtfe
hien. Day cung Id vS'n de can dtfdc tie'p tuc
nghien ctfu mdt cdch nghiem tuc de nhan dan
ihifc sif la nhffng ngtfdi lam chu d dia ban cd sd.

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<b>TAP CHl CONG THlfdNG </b>

<i>d) Nhdn ddn kie'n nghi, phdn dnh vdi lanh </i>
<i>dao chinh quyen dia phiiOng qua hoi nghi tiep </i>
<i>xuc cvttri, chUOng trinh tiep dan, hdm thUgopy </i>
<i>ciia CO quan chinh quyen. </i>

Chinh quyen dia phtfdng cd trach nhidm id
chtfc Hdi nghi tie'p xuc ctf tri trifdc va sau ky hpp
Hoi ddng nhan dan de thu thap y kie'n, nguyen
vpng ciia ctf tri; chi dao viec bd tri ndi tie'p dan,
thtfc hien viec tie'p dan va td cbtfchdm thtf gdp y;
chi dao ngtfdi phu trach edng tac banh chinh cua
cd quan cung dai dien Ban Thanh tra nhan dan
ciia ed quan hang tuan md hdm thtf gdp y, nghien
ctfu vd de xua't giai quye't cac y kie'n gdp y difpc
gtfi de'n, bao cao lanh dao chinh quyen dia
phtfdng de de ra nhffng bien phdp hpp ly nham
tie'p thu va giai quye't cac y kie'n gdp y (Dieu 13,
Nghi dinh so' 04/2015/ND-CP). Day la mdt bien
phap de nhan dan thtfc hien quyen lam ehii mdt
each thu'dng xuyen ma nhieu quo'c gia da va dang
thifc hidn. Tuy nhien, hieu qua ciia bien phap nay
phu thudc vao each thtfc trien khai thtfc hien
<i>Irong thtfc XB' (tan sua't tie'p dan; thai dp va trdch </i>
nhiem tie'p thu y kid'n ciia dan,...).

Nhan xet ve thtfc tien stf tham gia cua nhan
dan vao boat ddng quan ly ciia chinh quyen dia
<i>phtfdng d Viet Nam theo quy djnh ciia phap luat </i>
hien hanh, cd thd nhan tha'y mdt so' tfu diem va
ban che'nhtf sau:

<i>- Thd nhd't, nhan dan dUdc true tie'p tham gia </i>
hoat ddng quan ly ciia ebinh quyen dia phUdng.
Dieu nay the hien tinh cha't dan ehii trtfc tie'p va

tfu diem the hien stf ttfdng tdc giffa ehinh quyen
vdi nhan dan, la mdt trong nhffng ye'u td' quan
trong dd xdy dtfng nba ntfdc phap quyen. Mdt so'
ndi dung tham gia trtfc tie'p ciia nhan dan gdm:
(1) Tham gia gdp y kie'n vao eac chtfdng trinh, dtf
an phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi do chinh quyen dia
phtfdng xay dtfng va thtfc bien; (2) Ban va quye't
dinh trtfc tie'p mdt sd' va'n de thupc nhiem vu quan
ly xa hdi dia phtfdng (chii tnfdng va mtfc ddng
gop xay dtfng cd sd ba tang, cong trinh phuc ldi
cdng cdng); (3) Ban va bie'u quye't mot sd'van de
thudc nhiem vu quan ly xa hdi dia phtfdng (hUdng
tfdc, quy tfdc eiia thdn, td dan phd'; bau, midn
nhiem, bai nhiem Trtfdng thdn, Td trtfdng to dan
phd'; bau, bai nhiem thanh vien Ban thanh tra
nhan ddn, Ban gidm sat dau ttf eiia cdng ddng);

(4) Kie'n nghi, phan anb vdi chinh quy^n dia
phtfdng thdng qua Hdi nghi tie'p xuc ctf tri trifdc
va sau ky bop Hdi ddng nhan dan, thong qua cac
chifdng trinh tie'p dan va hdm thtf gdp y.

<i>- r/fM" hai, nhan dan tham gia vao boat dpng </i>
cua chinh quyen d mtfc dp ban che' ca vd hinh
thtfc va ndi dung, la mot ban che' can tiep tuc
quan tam nghien ctfu, cu the:

-I- Nhan dan cbi dtfdc bdn va trtfc tie'p nhiem
vu quan ly phat trie'n dia pbifdng d pham vi hep.
Dd la viec ttf quye't ve chti tru'dng vd mtfc dong

gdp xdy dtfng cd sd ba tang, cac cong trinh phiic
ldi cdng cong do chinh hp ddng gdp. Trong khi
dd, cd ra't nhieu va'n de khac lidn quan trtfc tie'p
de'n phat trien kinh te, van hda, xa hdi gdn vdi
cong ddng dan ctf thi hp lai khong dtfdc trtfc tie'p
ban va quye't dinh, chdng ban nbtf cac boat dpng
san xua'l, kinh doanh gan vdi stf lien kd't cdng
ddng, van hda ban dja: Kinh doanh du Ijch cdng
ddng; san xua't kinh doanh san pham truydn
thd'ng,...

+ NhSn dan khdng dtfdc quy dinh quyen de
xua't sang kie'n phat tnen kinh te' - xa hdi dja
phUdng gan vdi viec bao dam quyen, ldi ich hdp
phap ciia ho va de nghj hoac gay stfc ep de chinh
quyen nghien ctfu trie'n khai thtfc hidn. Trong khi
day la binh thtfc the hien sff tham gia trtfc tie'p va
dan chu d mtfc dp cao ciia nhan dan dd'i vdi hoai
ddng quan ly nha ntfdc dtfdc nhieu ctfdng qudc
(Hoa Ky, Nhat Ban) da, dang thtfc hien vd thifc
hien kha thdnh cdng, thi Viet Nam ciing nen quan
tam nghien ctfu va trien khai thtfc hien.

<b>3. Grfi y vS'n d^ tie'p tuc nghien ctfu d6'i mdi </b>
Ttf thtfc tidn boat ddng quan ly ciia chinh
quyen dia phifdng d Viet Nam tren ddy, tdc gi^
bai vie't gdi y va'n de tie'p tuc nghien ctfu doi mdi,
do la md rdng quyen ciia nhan dan tham gia hoat
ddng quan ly eiia cbinb quyen dia phtfdng.

<i>a) MIIC tieu md rQng quyen cua nhdn dan </i>
<i>tham gia hoqt dong qudn ly ciia chinh quyen dia </i>
<i>phiiOng </i>

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<b>QUAN TRj-QUAN LY </b>

<i>b) NQI dung, y nghia viec md rong quyen cua </i>
<i>nhan ddn tham gia hoqt dqng qudn ly cua chinh </i>
<i>quyen dia phiidng </i>

-Thie't lap chd'do quyen ciia nhan dan trong
viec de xuat vdi chinh quyen sang kie'n, chtfdng
trinh, dtf an phat trien dia phtfdng va de nghj hoac
gay ap Itfc mot each hdp phap de chinh quydn dja
phffdng nghien ctfu tridn khai thtfc hien nhdm
phuc vu Idl ich chung.

- Thie't lap che dd trach nhiem ciia chinh
quyen trong vide tie'p thu sang kie'n, chtfdng trinh,
dtf an phat trien dia phtfdng ciia nhan dan va td
chtfc nghien ctfu trien khai thtfe hien nham bao
dam phuc vu td't nhd't cac quyen va ldi ich hdp
phap ciia nhSn dSn.

Va'n de md rdng quyen ciia nhan dan tham gia
hoat dpng quan ly nhd ntfdc eiia chinh quyen dia
phffdng n^u tren dffdc thifc bien, co y nghTa dd'i
vdi ca phia chinh quyen va ca phia nhan dan dia
phffdng, cu thd la:

- Khi nhdn dan cd quydn dd xua't sang kie'n,
chu'dng trinh, dff dn phat trien dia phtfdng, hp se
quan tdm hdn de'n boat ddng quan ly nha nifdc
cfia chinh quyen; chu ddng gdp stfc vdi chinh
quyen dd phat trien kmh te' - xa hdi dja phtfdng.
Dieu nay con the hien rd dtfdc stf ttfdng tac giffa
chinh quyen va nhdn ddn trong viec trien khai
thffc hien cac nhiem vu chung ciia dia phtfdng.

- Khi nhan ddn ed quyen de nghi hoac gay ap
life mot cdch hdp phdp vdi chinh quyen trong viec
nghi6n ctfu trien khai thtfc hidn sang kie'n, chtfdng
trinh, dtf an phdt trien dia phu'dng do hp de xua't,
chinh quyen se cd stf quan tam mdt each nghiem
tuc hdn de'n viec phdt huy cae ngudn life ciia dia
phffdng. Tff dd, chinh quyen cd sff ltfa chpn td't
hdn cho nhffng quye't dinh chinh sach phuc vu
phat trien kinh te'- xa hdi, dap tfng mong dpi cua
nhdn dan tren dja ban.

<i>c) Cd sd gidi thich vi^c md rqng quyen cua </i>
<i>nhan ddn tham gia hoqt dqng qudn ly ciia chinh </i>
<i>quyen dia phUcftig </i>

<i>- Ve cosd ly luan: </i>

Khi de cap den quan tri phdt trien xa hdi dia
phifdng, nhieu nha khoa hpc va quan ly tren the'
gidi da de cap, phan tich khang djnh stf ttfdng tac
cua chinh quyen vd nhan dan trong hoat ddng

quan ly nha ntfdc cd'p dia phtfdng: "Hoat ddng ttf

quan cua chinh quyen dja phtfdng va stf tham gia
ciia nhieu chu the vao cac cdng viec ciia edng
ddng" [1] hoac "Viec quan ly nha nu'dc d cd'p dia
phtfdng khdng chi thupc ve bp may chinh quyen
ma cdn thudc ve ca cdng ddng ndi chung vd
nhtfng ttfdng tac gitfa cdng ddng vdi cac cd quan
cdng quyen dia phtfdng" [8], trong dd nguyen tac
cd ban de thtfc hien la "cdng ddng dan ctf dia
phu'dng dtfdc ttf quye't dinh mot cdch thtfe cha't
viec giai quye't nhtfng cdng viec chung ciia cdng
ddng dia phUdng trong khudn khd Hie'n phap va
luat vi ldi ich chung" [3]. Do dd, vide md rdng stf
tham gia ciia ngUdi dan vdo hoat ddng quan ly
nha ntfdc eiia ehinh quyen la phii hdp vdi quan
mem, nguyen tac chung dtfpc cdng ddng quan
tam, khang dinh, thffa nhdn trong xa hdi dan chii.

<i>- Ve CO sd phdp ly: </i>

Hien phdp nam 2013 ciia Viet Nam da cd
nhieu ndi dung quy dinh ve quyen eon ngtfdi,
quyen cdng dan, trdch nhiem cua cac cd quan nhd
ntfdc, can bd, cdng chtfc trong viec dap tfng cac
quydn va ldi ich hdp phap ciia nhan dan. Dd'i vdi
Nha nUdc, "Nha nifdc bao dam vd phat huy
quyen lam chu ciia nhan dan; cdng nhan, tdn
trong, bao ve vd bao dam quydn con ngtfdi,
quydn cdng ddn; thtfc hien muc tieu ddn gidu,

ntfdc manh, dan chu, cdng bang, van mmh, mpi
ngtfdi ed cudc sdng a'm no, ttf do, hanh phuc, cd
dieu kidn phat trien todn dien" (Dieu 3) va "cd
quan nha nifdc, can bp, cdng chtfc, vien chtfc phai
tdn trpng nhdn dan, tan tuy phuc vu nhdn dan,
lien he chat che vdi nhan dan, Idng nghe y kie'n
va chiu sff giam sdt ciia nhdn ddn" (Dieu 8). Dd'i
vdi nhan dan, "quyen con ngtfdi, quyen cdng dan
cbi cd the bi han che theo quy djnh ciia phap luat
trong trtfdng hdp can thie't vi ly do qud'c phdng,
an ninh qud'c gia, trdt ttf, an toan xa hdi, dao dtfc
xa hdi, stfc khoe ciia cdng ddng" (Dieu 14) va
"cdng dan cd trach nhiem thtfc hien nghTa vu dd'i
vdi nha ntfdc va xa hdi; quyen cdng ddn khdng
tach rdi nghia vu cdng dan" (Dieu 15).

Nhtf vay, Hie'n phdp cbi gidi han quyen con
ngtfdi, quyen cdng dan trong trUdng hdp can thie't
lien quan de'n qud'c phdng, an ninh qud'c gia... vd
bat budc cd quan nha nifdc, can bd, cdng chtfc
phai cd nghla vu lang nghe y kie'n ciia nhan dan...
Dieu do cho tha'y, viec de xua't sang kie'n, chUdng

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=6>

<b>TAP CHi CQNG THirUNG </b>

trinh, dtf an phat trien dia phtfdng la mdt trdng
nhffng quyen cd ban gan vdi nghTa vu cua mdi
ngtfdi dan va chinh quyen dia phtfdng phai lang
nghe bang each the bien trdch nhiem tie'p thu,
nghien ctfu trien khai thtfc hien de Idm trdn nghTa

vu tan tuy phuc vu nhdn dan. Chinh vl le dd, viee
md rdng quyen tham gia ciia nhan dan vdo boat
ddng quan ly ciia chinh quyen nhtf da neu tren la
phii hdp vdi Hie'n phdp nam 2013, the hien du'dc
tinh than phat huy quyen con ngtfdi, quyen cdng
ddn vd trach nhiem ciia cd quan nha ntfdc trong
vi6c bao dam quydn con ngtfdi, quyen edng ddn.

<i>- Ve CO sd thuc lien: </i>

O Viet Nam, nhan dan cd quydn tham gia y
kie'n ddi vdi nhtfng chtfdng trinh, dtf dn lien quan
de'n quan ly phdt trien dia phtfdng do chinh quyen
xay dung, nhifng chifa cd quyen tu minh de xua't
sang kie'n, chtfdng trinh, dtf an va dd nghj ehinh
quyen dja phtfdng nghien ctfu trien khai. Dieu
nay khdng ehi ldm ban chd ve quyen con ngtfdi,
quyen cdng dan, ma cdn lam ban chd' viec phdt
huy cac ngudn ltfc cho stf phat tnen dia phifdng
ciia cd quan chinh quyen sd tai, trong khi va'nde
ndy dd vd dang dtfdc thffc hien khd thanh cdng d
nhieu qud'c gia. Tai Hoa Ky, ngUdi ddn ciia cdc
tieu bang ed quyen trtfc tie'p de xud't sang kid'n
vdi cd quan chinh quyen bang hinh thtfc de an,
ddng thdi yeu cau bd phie'u thdng qua va thtfc te'
ed nhtfng thdi diem "khoang 75% chinh quyen
dia phtfdng dp dung sang kie'n ciia ngudiddn"[6].
Tai Nhdt Ban, ngtfdi dan dtfdc trao quyen ttf quan
ciia ddn ctf song song vdi ttf quan ciia chinh
quyen, dd la quyen quye't dinh ciia chinh ctf dan

dd'i vdi cac va'n de chung ciia dia phtfdng va van
menh cda chinh hp, bao gdm ca quyen tham van,
de xud't chinh sdch, chtfdng trinh bdnh ddng;
quyen boat ddng tinh thdn, ttf do than thd, boat
ddng kinh te', binh dang trtfdc phap luat, quydn
cd ban ve xa hdi, viec lam,... [7]. Dd'i vdi nhan

dan ntfdc Phdp, hp cung cd stf thoai mai thtfc hifn
quyen con ngudi, quyen cdng dan, trong dd ci3
viec tham gia sdu rdng vao boat ddng cua chinh
quyen dja phu'dng theo quy djnh ciia phap luat:
Phap luat ntfdc Phap chi cam cac hanh dpng c(5
hai cho xa hpi; khuye'n khich dan chii, tif do va sif
sang tao ciia cdng ddng, ke ca dd'i vdi nhffng
ngtfdi nhdp ctf, da tao ra siJf gan ke't, hoa hdp, gop
phan xay dtfng, duy tri, phdt trien tinh than doan
ke't, hdp tdc gitfa cac bp phdn trong cdng ddng
dan ctf (5].

Nhffng cdsd ly luan, cdsd phap ly, cdsd thifc
tidn tren day da cho tha'y stf can thie't va phu hcfp
ciia viee md rdng quyen nhan dan tham gia hoat
ddng quan ly ciia chinh quyen dja phtfdng 6 Vi^t
Nam. Dieu nay khdng chi bien thtfc hda tmh than
ciia Hie'n phdp ve quyen con ngifdi, quyen cong
dan, ma cdn hien thtfc hda cac quy dinh vd trach
nhiem ciia cd quan nhd mfdc trong viec bao dam
thifc hi6n quyen con ngtfdi, quyen cdng dan, ddng
<i>thdi cung giiip cac ct3 quan chinh quyen phdt huy </i>
dUdc td'i da cac ngudn lffc phuc vu cho stf phai

tnen kinh te' - xa hdi dia phtfdng.

<b>4. Ket luan </b>

Vdi each tie'p can ly thuye't ve quan ly nha
ntfdc, tac gia da chi ra difpc nhtfng tfu diem, han
che' ttf thtfc tien stf tham gia ciia nhan dan viio
boat dpng quan ly ciia chinh quyen dja phtfdng^
Viet Nam va gdi y va'n de tie'p tuc nghien cu'u d^i
mdi, dd Id md rdng quyen ciia nhan dan tham gia
boat ddng quan ly nha nu'dc ciia chinh quyen dia
phtfdng. Ke't qua nghien ctfu khdng chi cd y nghTa
dd'i vdi chinh tac gia trong viec thtfc hidn cac
nghien ctfu tie'p theo lien quan de'n chii de ve to
chtfc va quan ly ciia cbinb quyen dia phtfdng, ma
cdn cd gia trj tham khao dd'i vdi cdc nhd lanh dao
trong vide dieu chinh chinh sdch, pbapludtnham
tie'p tuc cai each, riep tuc phat huy quyen Idm chu
<b>eiia nhdn dan • </b>

<b>TAI LIEU THAM KHAO: </b>

<i>/. Ann O'M. Bowman, Richard C.Kearney (2011), "Stale and local government", 8th ed Boston MA - Wadsworlh, </i>

<i>al 270. </i>

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(7)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=7>

<b>qUANTRj-qUANLV </b>

<i>i, NguySn Vdn Cuang, ''Kinh nghiem qudc te ve tU qudn dia phucmg vd mdt sdgai y ve viec tie'p tue hodn ihien </i>

<i>cache qudn tri dia phuong cho Viel Nam", Trang ihong tin dien lH Vien Khoa hoc Phdp ly - Bg Tuphdp. dia cM </i>
<i>. vn/qt/iinluc/Pages/nghien-cuu-lrao-doi. aspx ?ltemID=31 </i>

<i>4. Qudc hgi (2015), Ludt To chiic chinh quyen dia phUOng. Ludt sd77/2015/QH13 </i>

<i>5. Sylvia Zappi, "French Government Revives Assimilation Policy", in Migration Policy Institute "Archived copy", </i>
<i>dia chi: </i>

<i>6. Toequeville. A. (2002), "Democracy in America", Henry Reeve, The Pensylvania State University, Vol.1 &2. </i>

<i>7. Phuong Hdu TUng (2018), "Tim hieu ve qudn tri dia phuong cua Nhdt Bdn qua cdch ihiic to chiic hoqt ddng </i>

<i>cda chinh quyin", Ky ye'u Hgi thdo khoa hpc Qudn tri dta phuong: Nhung vd'n de ly ludn vd ihuctien, Trudng Dai </i>
<i>hoc Ngi vu Hd Ngi. </i>

<i>8. USAID - United Stale Agencefor International Development (2000), "Decenlrallzalion and democratic local </i>
<i>governance programming handbook". </i>

<i>9. Vy ban Thudng vu Qudc hdi (2007), Phdp linh sd34/2007/PL-UBTVQHll ve thiic hien ddn chd dxd, phUdng, </i>
<i>thi trd'n. </i>

<b>Ngay nh$n bai: 17/4/2019 </b>

<b>Ngay phan bidn d a n h gia v a suTa chifa: 27/4/2019 </b>
<b>Ngay chap nhan d a n g bai: 7/5/2019 </b>

<i>Thong tin tdc gid: </i>
<b>TS. NGO SY T R U N G </b>
<b>Trtfdng D a i hpc N^i v u H a NOi </b>

THE PARTICIPATION OF PEOPLE

IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT:

CURRENT SITUATION AND CONTINUINGLY INNOVATE

THIS PARTICIPATION IN VIETNAM

Ph.D NGO SY TRUNG
Hanoi University of Home Affairs

<b>ABSTRACT: </b>

The participation of people and social organizations in the management of local government
is one of the basic features of the organization and operation of a democratic state. Hovi'ever,
the level of this participation clearly reflects the democracy of each country. This article
analyses the situation of the Vietnamese people's participation in the local government in
accordance vi'ith the current law, thereby pointing out the advantages and hmitations and
suggesting vi/ays to continuingly innovate this participation.

</div>

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THỰC TRẠNG HOẠT ĐỘNG QUẢN LÝ CỦA CHÍNH QUYỀN CẤP PHƯỜNG

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