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Phong each lanh dao tan tam

anh hiring tdi sii hai long cua

nhan vien trong cac doanh nghiep

tai TP. Ho Chi Minh

NGUYEN THANH VAN*
NGOYEN THI HONG TCfdl"
Tom tat

Nghien cdu sd dung phuang phdp dinh lugng nham tim hieu cdc nhdn td thugc vi phong cdch 
ldnh dqo tdc ddng den suhdi long cda nhdn vien trong cdc doanh nghiep tqi TP. Ho ChiMinh. 
Ke't qud nghien cdu cho thdy, cd 5 nhdn to, gom: Svt chinh true; Syt hdu thudn; Sutin nhiem; Svt 
trao quyin; Su can ddm tdc dgng de'n syt hdi long cda nhdn vien tqi cdc doang nghiep tqi TP. 
Hd Chi Minh. Ddng thdi, nghien cvtu cung kie'n nghi mgt sdhdm y cho nhd qudn tri trong cdng 
tdc ldnh dqo nham ndng cao sU hdi long cda nhdn vien, thdc day ndng sudt ldm viec.

Tuf khoa: phong cdch ldnh dqo tdn tdm, ldnh dqo tan tdm vd svt hdi long, svt hdi long, TP. Ho 
Chi Minh

Summary

By using the quantitative method, this study explores the impact of the factors of leadership style 
on employee satisfaction in Ho Chi Minh City-based enterprises. Research results show that 
there are 5 factors affecting employee satisfaction, including: Integrity; Support; Credibility; 
Empowerment; Courage. At the same time, the study also suggests some implications for 
managers in order to improve employee satisfaction and increase productivity.

Keywords: dedicated leadership style, dedicated leadership and satisfaction, satisfaction. Ho

Chi Minh City

^ 
GlOfI THIEU CO SOf LY THUYET VA PHU'ONG PHAP

NGHIEN CU'U

Md'i quan he giffa phong each lanh dao

tan tam va sif hai long cdng viec cua nhan Casd ly thuyet

vien da dffdc nhieu hpc gia nghien cffu. Lanh dao ndi chung, lien quan den viec tao anh
Theo dd, phong each lanh dao tan tam cd hffdng va dinh hffdng cho nhan vien trong thffc hien
quan he thuan chieu vdi sff hai long cdng nhiem vu cua minh, dffdc xem la mpt yeu td then chd't
viec cua nhan vien, vi cho nhan vien tha'y trong boat ddng cua td chffc vi thdng qua sff tffdng tac
tam quan trpng cua nhan vien vdi td chffc nay, cdng viec cd the dat ke^t qua tich cffc hoac tieu
(Khan & cdng sff, 2017; Penger va cdng cffc (Rude, W., 2004; Olesia va cdng sff, 2014; Staats,
sff, 2014), dap ffng nhu cau tff hoan thien B., 2015). Trong cac phong each lanh dao, phong each
ban than cua nhan vien. lanh dao tan tam cd ndi dung cd't ldi lien quan den viec
De thuc day tang trffdng trong bd'i canh dat ldi ich cua ngffdi khac len trffdc, san sang lui ve de
van cdn ban che ve hieu qua ngudn nhan tan tam cho muc tieu ldn hdn ciia td chffc qua viec hau
life, cac doanh nghiep can hdn nffa sff tap thuan, thuc day sff phat trien ca nhan cua nhan vien
trung vao chie'n Iffdc cai thien nang sua't bang each trao quyen va dat ldng tin ndi hp.

lao ddng. Mdt trong nhffng each hieu qua Theo Dierendonck va cpng sff (2011), cac thanh
nha't la thdng qua tac ddng tff phia nha phan cua phong each lanh dao Tan tam tac ddng tich
lanh dao, de tang cffdng sff hai ldng trong cffc den sif hai long trong cdng viec. Cdn, Akdol va
cdng viee cua nhan vien va dd chinh la ly cpng sif (2015) cho rang, ngoai trff nhan td Bao dung,
do thtfc hien nghien cffu. cac nhan td, nhff: Trao quyen; Hau thuin; Tin nhiem;
*TS., "ThS., Trffdng Dai hoc Kinh te TP. Ho Chi Minh I Email:

Ngdy nhan bdi: 05/10/2018; Ngdy phdn bien: 10/11/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng: 19/11/2018

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BANG 1: THONG TIN PHAN TICH CRONBACH'S ALPHA 
Trung binh thang Phtfcfng sai thang

do nS'u loai bi^'n do n^'u loai bi§'n

Tvldng quan

bi^'n tS'ng

He s6'Cronbach's 
Alpha nS'u loai bi€'n

Thang do Trao amen (Kv hieu STO): Cronbach's Aloha = 0.867

STQl
STQ2
STQ3
7.08
7.09
7.08
3.607
3.485
3.845

Thang dn Hnu thunn (Kv hieu SHT): Cronha

SHTl
SHT2

SHT3
7.45
7.55
7.24
3.767
3.780
4.273
.782
.775
.683
.780
.785
.868

nh'a Alpha = 0.878

.814
.722
.771
.782
.873
.828

Thang do Tin nhiem (Kv hieu STN): Cronbach's Aloha = 0.891

STNl
STN2
STN3
7.07
7.08

7.03
5.080
4.491
4.686
.750
.819
.795
.877
.817
.838

Thans do Can dam (Kv hieu SCD): Cronbach's Aloha = 0.806

SCDl
SCD2
SCD3

6.53
6.70
_ _ _ 6.52

Thang do Chinh triic (Kv I

SCTl
SCT2
S r T 3
SCT4
10.43
10.14
9.99

10.14
5.022
4.256
4.288

ueu SCT): Cronbat

8.942
8.029
8.940
8.826
.585
.699
.681
.802
.686
.mi

:h's Alpha = 0.854

.660
.830
.713
.596
.829
.755
.808
.859

Thans do Khiem nhiidne (Kv hieu SKN): Cronbach's Alpha - 0.895

SKNl
SKN2
SKN3
SKN4
SKN.5
13.91
13.85
13.46
13.48
13.80
16.262
17.464
18.167
17.984
16.919

Thans do SiC hdi Ions trons cons viec (Kv hi

SHLl
SHL2
SHL3
SHL4
SHL5
.SHT .6
17.75
17.58
17.58
17..54
17.50

17..57
15.308
14.149
14.978
15.427
15.580
16.309
.802
.705
.765
.721
.734
.859
.881
.870
.878
.875

eu SHL): Cronbach's Alpha

.497
.732
.546
.574
.523
.441
^0.796 
.778
.721
.766

.759
.771
789

BANG 2: TOM TAT PHAN TICH EFA 
Cac thdng sd'

KMO

Gia tri sig Bartlett test
So lu'dng nhan to' rut trich
Tong phu'dng sai trich
Eigenvalues

So'bien bi loai

EFA cac bien ddc ISp

0.818
0.00
6
76.005%
1.126
0 bien

EFA bien phu thudc

0.815
0.000
1

50.144%
3.009
0 bien
Ngu6n: Ket qua tinh toan cua nhom tac gia

HINH: JVlO HINH NGHIEN CCfa DE XOAT 
PHONG CACH LANH

DAO TAN TAM 
1 Trao quyen [^

HSu thuan L

Tfn nhi^m r--...

1 Can ddm 1

[ 1

Chfnh trifc L-^

Khidm ntiiriyng [

H4 ^ ~ ^ ^ i

HS^.-'^'^y^

Hitf 16ng 
trong cong

Nguon: Nhom tac gia d6 xuat
Can dam; Chinh trffc; Khiem nbffdng deu tac ddng tich
cffc den sff hai long trong cdng viec cua nhan vien.
Trong dd, nhan td Trao quyen; Khiem nbffdng va Hau
thuin cd tac ddng manh nha't.

Hashim va cdng sff (2016) nghien cffu mdi quan he
cua phong each lanh dao Tan tam va sff hai long trong
cdng viec tai Trffdng Dai hpc Penshawar, Pakistan. Ket
qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, cd mdi quan he tich cffc, cd

y nghia giffa ly tffdng Tan tam, Sif thong
thai va Quan gia td chffc vdi sff hai long
trong cdng viec. Cac thanh phan, nhif:
Xoa diu cam xue va Hffdng din thuyet
phue chffa the khang dinh dffpc cd mdi
quan he vdi sif hai long cdng viec trong
mlu nghien effu nay. Nghien cffu khuyen
khich cac nghien effu sau tiep tuc kiem
dinh lai cac md'i quan he vdi cac bien nay.

Nghien cffu cua Tischler va cpng sif
(2016) thffc hien vdi 427 nhan vign, 69
quan tri vien va 14 lanh dao, dp tudi tif 30
den 49 tai 3 cdng ty tai Hoa Ky. Ket qua
nghien cffu cho tha'y, phong each lanh
dao tan tam cd md'i quan he tich cffc vdi
sff danh gia ban than va sif hai ldng trong
cdng viec cua nhan vien.

Tren cd sd xem xet eac nghien cihi
lien quan, nhdm tac gia da de xua't mo
hinh nghien effu nhff Hinh.

PhUOngphdp nghien cdu

Difa tren ke't qua nghien effu dinh tinh,
tac gia da thiet ke thang do gdm 27 bien
quan sat do Iffdng phong each lanh dao
tan tam va sff hai long trong cdng viec.
350 bang cau hdi khao sat dffdc phat ra.
Sau khi loai bd eac bang khdng hop le,
nghien cffu thu ve 342 phie'u. Sau do,
dff lieu dffpc xff ly qua phan mem SPSS.
Ddi tffdng khao sat la cac nhan vien van
phdng tai TP. Hd Chi Minh. Thdi gian
thtfc hien khao sat la tff thang 05 den
thang 08/2018 (Bdi vie't sddung cdch viet 
chU sd thdp phdn theo chudn qud'c te).

KET q U A
THAO LUAN

NGHIEN CLfU VA

Kiem dinh do tin cdy thang do 
Ket qua kiem dinh dp tin cay thang
do cho tha'y, cac nhan to dang tin cay,
he sd Cronbach's Alpha > 0.6 (Bang 1).
Nhff vay, 27 bien quan sat cua nhan to

Phong each lanh dao tan tam va Sff hai
long trong cdng viee dffdc dffa vao phan
tich nhan tdkham pha (EFA).

Phdn tich EFA

Thdng qua ket qua phan tich EFA ta
tha'y, cac bien ddc lap va bien phu thuoc
deu cd cac chi sd danh gia thich hdp (chi
sdKMO > 0.5; he sd Eigenvalue >i; tdng
phffdng sai trich >50%; he sdtai nhan to
cua cac bien quan sat len nhan td, ma no
do Iffdng cd trpng sd> 0.5) (Bang 2).

Ket qua phan tich EFA cho cac bi6
ddc lap va bien phu thupe cho thay, 27
bien quan sat dffdc nit trich ra 6 nhan to
tffdng ffng vdi 6 bien ddc lap va 1 nhan

82

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KiiiKle 
va Duf bao

td tffdng ffng vdi bien phu thudc, 27 bien
quan sat nay hdi tu dung len nhan td ma
nd do Iffdng (Bang 3). Dieu nay cho tha'y,
cac thang do dang tin cay su* dung va
dffdc dffa vao de phan tieh tiep theo.

Phdn tich hoi quy, kiem dinh cdc gid 
thuyet nghien cdu

Ket qua phan tich hdi quy cho tha'y,
cac bien deu phii hdp vdi gia thuye't ban
dau, ngoai trff nhan to Stf khiem nbffdng
thudc Phong each lanh dao tan tam la
khdng tac ddng de^n sff hai ldng cua nhan
vien tai eac doanh nghiep TP. Hd Chi
Minh. Bdi cd he sd p = -0.014, gia tri Sig.
= 0.661 > 0.5.

KET LUAN VA HAM Y CHINH SACH

Ket qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, ed 5 nhan
td thudc ve Phong each lanh dao tan tam
tac ddng den sff hai long eiia nhan vien tai
cac doanh nghiep tren dia ban TP. Hd Chi
Minh. Trong dd, nhan td Sff chinh tnfc tac
ddng manh nhat, tha'p nha't la nhan td Sif
trao quyen. Tuy nhien, trong sd cac nhan
td dffdc sff dung trong nghien cffu, thi nhan
td Sff khiem nbffdng khdng cd mdi lien
he vdi Slf hai long cua nhan vien tai cac
doanh nghiep TP. Hd Chi Minh.

Tren cd sd ket qua nghien cffu, de tang
sff hai ldng cua nhan vien trong cac doanh
nghiep tai TP. Hd Chi Minh, tff dd thuc
day nang sua't lam viec, theo nhdm tac

gia, can thffc hien mdt so'giai phap sau:

Su trao quyen. Trong xu the hdi nhap 
qudc te va trinh dp dan tri ngay mdt nang
cao, nhu cau ve cam giac tff chu cua ngffdi
lao ddng cung se dan mpt tang len. Do dd,
nha lanh dao nen cdi md hdn trong viec
trao quyen tff quyet dinh cho nhan vien,
de tang cffdng hai ldng trong cdng viec
ciia nhan vien. Ben canh dd, nha lanh
dao can manh dan hdn trong viec hffdng
dan va tao dieu kien cho nhan vien tff lam
chii ban than va cdng viec cua minh. Cd
the thffc hien thdng qua mpt so viec, nhff:
kheo leo cho phep nhan vien tham gia vao
qua trinh ra quyet dinh, tif tim giai phap
cho cac van de trong cdng viec cua minh
de nhan vien cd the tff chu vdi cdng viec
hdn, qua dd, gan trach nhiem ban than
vdi trach nhiem chung eiia dpi, nhdm.
Ben canh do, khuyen khich nhan vien tff
quyet dinh thdi gian hoan thanh cdng viee
nhffng cd ly giai vi sao can Iffdng thdi gian
nhff vay va cam ket thffc hien dung tien
dp, chat Iffdng nhff da dang ky. Dieu nay
cd the xay difng trong nhan vien cam giac

SKN1
SKN2
SKN3

SKN4
SKN5
SCTl
SCT2
SCT3
SCT4
SHTl
SHT2
,SHT3
STNl
STN2
STN3
STOl
S T 0 2
S T 0 3
SCD1
sen?.
SCD3

BANG 3: MA TRAN XOAY NHAN TO CAC BIEN DOC LAP

C.Ac nhSn tA'

1

.848
.765
.850
.836
.794

2

.810
.891
.811
.678

3

.8.34
.874
.868

4

.881
.786
.860

5

.864
.858
.8.34

6

.759
.821

.829

Mo tiinh

Hans So
Hans .so
Khiem nhtfdng
Sir chfnh trirc
Hau thuan
Su'tin nhiem
Sir trao quven
SUcan dam

BANG 4: KET QGA PHAN TICH HOI QOY 
H§ s6' chtfa

chuan hoa 
B

.118
.506
-.014
.277
.142
.209
.100
.153

Std. Error

.121
.170
.033
.035
.036
.032
.035
.033

H | s 6 ' 
chu^n hoa

Beta

-.019
.347
.178
.289
.120
.202

t
-.969
2.983
-.440
7.897
3.930
6.483
2.824
4,605

Sig.

.333
.003
.661
.000
.000
.000
.005
.000

Cac gia tri 
da cOng 
Tolerance

.741
.734
.686
.710
.780
.732

thd'ng kg 
tuve'n

VIF

1.350
1.362

1.458
1.408
1.283

1,367

Ngu6n: Ke't qua tinh toan cua nhom tac gia

tff ehu dd'i vdi cdng viec, giiip tang sff hai long ndi tai va
gia tang hai long trong cdng viec ndi chung.

Su chinh triic. De thffc hien stf chinh tnfc, nha lanh 
dao can thoai mai hdn trong viec nhin nhan ban than va
cdi md hdn trong viee thd Id tam tff vdi ddng nghiep.
Nha lanh dao cung la con ngffdi, cd mat manh, mat yeu
rieng, viec chap nhan diem yeu, nhan thffc rd diem
manh se giup nhan vien cam thay bdt ap life, tao bau
khdng khi thoai mai, tff tin ndi nhan vien. Ben canh dd,
viec thffdng xuyen md rdng ndi tam, hffdng ngoai hdn
se keo gan mpi ngffdi lai vdi nhau hdn, xay dffng md'i
quan he ben chat va giup nhan vien hai long hdn tai ndi
lam viec. Viec the hien sff chinh trffc cdn mang lai ke^t
qua tich cffc khi Thuyet hpc hdi xa hdi giai thich dieu
nay giup nhan vien noi gffdng, hpc tap theo hinh mlu
ngffdi lanh dao va cam tha'y thoai mai hdn tai ndi lam
viec, giup gia tang sff hai long trong cdng viec.

Sutin nhiem. Cung nhff trao quyen, nha lanh dao can 
dat long tin ndi nhan vien, tin nhiem nhan vien, giup hp
cd them sff tff tin hoan thanh cdng viec. Dat ldng tin la

mpt chie'n Iffdc khdn ngoan trong viec kich phat nhffng
tiem nang cua dpi ngu lao ddng, giup nhan vien cd cam
giac dffdc tin tffdng, nhan viec nhffng khdng cd cam giac
bi giao viec, ma trai lai, hang say hdn trong cdng tac.
Sff tin tffdng nhan vien xua't phat tff nhan dinh dung dan
ve pham chat, nang life cua nhan vien. Nha lanh dao
can quan tam de'n diem manh, yeu cua tffng ca nhan va
tff dd cd bffdc tac ddng thieh hdp, giiip nhan vien vffdt
qua gidi ban cua ban than va gat hai thanh cdng. Sif tin

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nhiem dem lai niem vui cho nhan vien khi dffdc td chffc, SU can ddm. Tuy phung sif can co su" 
ngffdi khac tin tffdng. Nhan vien dffdc tin nhiem cam hy sinh rat nhieu, nhffng nha lanh dao
tha'y minh cd gia tri trong td chffc, din den tich cffc hdn khdng dffdc thieu di sif kien quyet, biin
trong cuoc sdng, tff dd tich cffc hdn trong cdng viec. ITnh va phai ludn giff vffng vai hd lanh

Su hau thudn. Theo ket qua nghien cffu, sff hau dao ciia minh. Sff tinh tffdng trong tam

thuin tff phia nha lanh dao la nhan td tac ddng tich cffc nhin va ddng vien din bffdc nhan vien
den sff hai long trong cdng viec ciia nhan vien. Do do, khi tam nhin vin cdn md hd se lan tea
cdng tac hd trd nhan vien trong cdng viec la td'i quan trong nhan vien sff tin tffdng va an tam
trpng. De lam dffdc dieu nay, trffdc bet nha quan tri can ndi ngffdi lanh d|o. Qua dd, nhan vien
gia tang hdn nffa sif dap ffng nhu cau ve cd sd vat chat cang tin nhiem td chffc va hai ldng hdn
khi lam viec; giai quyet kip thdi cac nguyen vpng chinh khi lam viec d day.

dang cua nhan vien va hdn bet ludn dat ldi ich nhan Can dam cdn the hien d viec chap
vien la nhiem vu trung tam. Hffdng din, lanh dao hp tif nhan nii ro de thff tiep can van de theo
phat trien ban than se ludn mang lai ldi ich cho ca ddi each mdi, cai tien sff viec va thffc hien
ben khi nhan vien ngay mdt phat trien va td chffc theo ddi mdi khi can thiet. Cai tien giup chat
do ngay mpt vffng manh. lffdng cdng viec, chat Iffdng cuoc sdng tot

Ben canh dd, mdt dieu quan trpng ngffdi lanh dao hdn va ket qua tich ctfc nay se din den
can cd do la kien thffc va ky nang lien quan de thifc hien gia tang sff hai long ndi nhan vien. Mat
sff hau thuan hieu qua. De lam dffdc dieu nay, nha lanh khac, mdt td chffc khdng the nao phat
dao can thffdng xuyen trau ddi kien thffc chuyen mdn; trien neu khdng cd sff ddi mdi, nhan vien
hpc tap cac kien thffc hd trd trong cdng tac se hieu qua khdng the gan cuoc sd'ng cua hp vdi nd
hdn trong giup dd nhan vien. ngay cang cu nhat va phai md dan di.Q

TAI LIEU THAM KHAQ

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Hdng Dffc

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Xa hdi

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