Nghiên cứu xây dựng mô hình xử lý chất hữu cơ trong nước thải dệt nhuộm bằng phương pháp hấp phụ

TRtTOWG BAI HOC AN GIANG
KHOA KY THU^T - CONG NGHE - MOI TRlTONG

HUYNH VAN BINH

NGHIEN CtTU XAY DlTNG MO HINH Xlf LY
CHAT HtTU CO TRONG NlTOC THAI DET
NHUOM BANG PHlTONG PHAP HAP PHU
TR^CiNG DAI HQC
AN GIANG

THUVIEN
KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP

GVHD: TS. NGUYEN TRUNG THANH

An Giang, 05/2013


LOT CAM ON

Qua bon nam hoc a giang ducrng Trucmg Dai hoc An Giang va khoang thcri
ngin thuc tap cuoi khoa, lam khoa luan tot nghiep em da tich luy cho minh
nhung kien thilc b6 ich, kinh nghiem va nhung bai hoc ve dao due quy bao. Tat
ca la nho quy thdy, co giang day tan tinh. DS dap lai tim chan tinh nong hau ay,
em xin gui lai cam an chan tinh va sau sac nhat den :
Ban Giam hieu Truang Dai hoc An Giang da tao dieu kien tot cho em hoc
tap tai truang.

Cac thfiy co Truang Dai hoc An Giang, dac biet la thdy co khoa Ky thuat Cong nghe - Moi truang da trang \/\ cho em nhung nen tan kien thiic vung chac,
kiSn thiic chuyen nganh b6 ich va nhung bai hoc dao dtic sau sic.

TS. Nguyln Trung Thanh va cac thiy co, anh chi trong Ban quan ly khu Thi
nghiem Thuc hanh da tan tinh hudng dan va giup dd em hoan thanh khoa luan tot
nghi^p nay.
Em xin gui den Ban Giam Hieu trudng, quy thay co ldi chiic sue khoe va
ldi cam an chan thanh nhat!

An Giang, ngay 17 thang 5 nam '2013
Sinh vien thuc hien

Huynh Van Binh


NIL^JM XET CUA GIANG VIEN HlTONG DAN

An Giang, ngay 17 thang 05 nam 2013
Giang vien hu^ng din

TS. Nguyen Trung Thanh


NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN PHAN BIEN

An Giang, ngay 17 thang 05 nam 2013
Giang vien phan bien

Ths. Le Thi Cim Chi


NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN PHAN BI^N

An Giang, ngay 17 thang 05 nam 2013
Giang vien phan bien

Ths. Truong Khanh Nhat Thao


TOM TAT

Trong nghiSn curu nay chung toi thuc hien cac cong viSc sau:
-Chung toi che tao vat lieu hap phu nhu trong nghiSn cilu trudc day (Le
Ngpc Hang, 2009).
-Thiet ke mo hinh hap phu dong lien tiic gom: be chua nude thai, luu lugng
ki, bl loc, bi tiip nhan.
-Tiin hanh hip phu metyl da cam cua tro triu ho^t hoa (chua nen vien)
theo so d6 hip phu t6i uu (Le Ngoc Hang, 2009). Kha nang hip phu metyl da
cam cua tro trau hoat hoa la tuong doi cao. Dung lugng hap phu dat 8,671 mg/g,
hieu suit hip php la 86,71 %.
-Nen vien tro trau co d = 15 mm, h = 5 mm.

-Chay mo hinh hap phu dong len tuc voi vat lieu hip phu Ian luge la tro
trau hoat hoa va than hoat tinh (d dang vien). Kit qua cho thiy kha nang hip phu
COD va do mau cua tro trau hoat hoa la kha cao. Xet cung cac dieu kien khao sat
thi kha nang hap phu cua tro trau hoat hoa la hon han than hoat tinh. Khi toe do
dong tang len thi kha nang hap phii ca hai loai vat lieu hap phu deu giam.
Qua ket qua nghien cuu cua di tai cho thiy tro triu hoat hoa cd kha nang
hap phu cao la vat lieu hap phu cd tiem nang rat ldn trong tuong lai trong viec
ung dung vao xil ly moi trudng.


ABSTRACT

In this study, we performed the following tasks:
-We fabricate adsorbent as in previous studies (Le Ngoc Hang, 2009).

.

-Design model adsorption constant stream including water tanks, flow
meter, filter, receiver tank.

-.Conduct methyl orange adsorption of activated rice husk ash (not
compressed tablets) under optimum adsorption diagram (Le Ngoc Hang, 2009).
Adsorption capacity of methyl orange husk ash is relatively high activation.
Adsorption capacity was 8.671 mg / g, adsorption efficiency was 86.71%.
-Compression members husk ash with d = 15 mm, h = 5 mm.

-Run the adsorption model to line up with the adsorbent is strategic times
husk ash and activated charcoal (in tablets). Results showed that the absorption
capacity of COD and color of rice husk ash is quite high activation. At the same
survey conditions, the adsorption capacity of the activated rice husk ash than
charcoal. As the flow rate increases, the absorption capacity of both the
adsorbent decreased.

The result of the study subjects showed activation of rice husk ash have
high adsorption capacity of the adsorbent has great potential for future
applications in enviromnental remediation.


Khoa luan T6t nghiep'SVTH: Huynh Van Binh - DH10MT

MUC LUC

Lai cam an

Nhan xet cua giang vien htrong din
Nhan xet cua giang vien phan bien

Tomtit
Muc luci
Danh sach bam.iv
Danh sachhinhv
Danh sach tit viit tatvi

Chuomg 1: GIOT THIEU,1
Chuoug 2: LtTQC KHAO TAI LIEU2
2.1.T6ng quan vg hip phu2
2.1.1.Cdc khdiniim2
2.1.2.Phdn logihdpphu3
2.1.3.Cdu trucxop cua chat hap phu4

2.1.4.Cdc mohlnh dang nhiet hap phu5
2.2.T6ng quan tai lieu vb tro triu•7
2.2.1.Thdnhphdn hoahoc cua trduvd tro trau7
2.2.2.Nhitng itng dung cua tro trdutren the gidi9
2.2.3.Nhicng ling dung cua tro trau tai Viet Nam10
2.3.Tong quan ve nganh det nhuom10
2.3.1.Cdc quy trinh ca ban trong cong nghe det nhuom10
2.3.2.Cdc ioai thuoc nhuom thuang dung trong cong nghe det.... 13

2.3.3.Thdnhphdn vd dac tinh cua nuac thai det nhuom15
2.3.4.Tdc dpng 6 nhiem moi truang18
2.3.5.Cdc phuangphdp xu ly nuac thai det nhuom18

2.4.He tac nhan Fenton23
2.4.1.. Qua trinh Fenton23

GVHD.TS. Nguyen Trung ThanhTrangi


Khoa luan T6t nghiepSVTH: Huynh VanBinh-DHlOMT

Chuomg 3: PHtTONG TIEN VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU25
3.1.Boi tuong nghien cum25

3.2.Thai gian nghien aim25
3.3.Muc tieu nghien cum25

3.4.Npi dung nghien cum

25

3.5.Phuong tien va vat lieu nghien cum25
3.5.1 Phuong tien nghien cuu25
3.5.2. Vat lieu nghien cuu27

3.6.Phuang phap nghien cuu27
3.6.1.Phuangphdp tham khdo, tonghqp tailieu27
3.6.2.Bo tri thi nghiem27
3.6.3.Phuang phdp phan tich mdu trongphdng thi nghiem28
3.6.4.Phuang phdp xu ly so lieu29

Chuomg 4: KET QUA THAO LUAN30
4.1.Cak tao VLHP (vat lieu hip phu) tu nguyen lieu cho triu30

4.1.1. Quy trinh che tao VLHP tit nguyen lieu tro trdu30
4.2.Hap phu Metyl da cam32
4.2.1.Tien hdnh hap phu. Metyl da cam32
4.2.2.Lap phuang trinh duang chudn32
4.3.Xay dung mo hinh hap phu co dong lien tuc

34

4.3.1. Thiit kimo hinh34
4.4.Ket qua phan tich maunudc thai34
4.5.Ket qua hap phu dong lien tuc....-35

4.5.1.Ket qua hap phu dong lien tuc vdi vat lieu hap phu (VLHP)
la tro trdu nen vien35

4.5.2.Kit qua hap phu dong lien tuc vdi VLHP (vat lieu hap phu)
Id than hoqt tinh36
4.4.3.So sdnh khd ndng hap phu dong lien tuc giita tro trdu hoqt hda
va than hoqt tinh38
GVHD.TS. Nguyln Trung Thanh•Trang ii


Khoa luan Tot nghiepSVTH: Huynh Van Binh - PHI OMT

Chuong 5: MET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI40
5.1. Kit luan

40

5.2.KiSnnghj40

GVHD.TS. Nguyln Trung ThanhTrang iii


Khoa luanT6tnghiep.

SVTH: Huynh VanBinh-DHlOMT

DANHSACHBANG

Bang 2.1: Tinh chdtvd thanhphdn cua trdu7
Bang2.2: Thanhphdn hda hoc cua trduvdtro trdu8
Bang 2.3: Nhu cduvd tiim ndng ling dung than trdu9
Bang 2.4: Ndng do cua cdc thanhphdn trong nude thai det nhudm16
Bang 2.5: Cdc chat gay 6 nhiem vd dac tinh nude thai ngdnh det - nhudm...
.' .16

Bang 2.6: Thanhphdn vd tinh chat cua nude thai det nhudm17
Bang 4.1: Kit qua phdn tich mdunudc thai35
Bang 4.2:Ket qua hdpphu dong lien tuc vdi VLHP Id tro trdu nen vien35
Bang 4.3: Kit qua hdpphtt dong lien tuc vdi VLHP Id than hoqt tinh36

GVHD.TS. NguytbTrung ThanhTrang iv


Khoa luan Tot nghiepSVTH: Hu^^h Van Binh - DH10MT

DANH SACH HINH

Hinh 3.1:Mdy nen vien26

Hinh 3.2: Tit sdy26
Hinh 3.3: May khudy tic26
Hinh 3.4: Cdnphdn tich.:.'.26
Hinh 3.5: May dopH.27
Hinh 3.6:Mo hinh hap phu chdt huu cff trong nude thai det nhudm28
Hinh 4.1. Quy trinh hoathoa tro trdu30
Hinh 4.2: Tro triusaukhihoathoa31
Hinh 4.3: Vien tro trdu31
Hinh 4.4: Quy trinh hap phu metyl da cam cua tro trdu hoathoa32
Hinh 4.S: Duong chudn Metyl da cam33
Hinh 4.6: Mo hinh hap phu ddng lien tuc34
Hinh 4.7: Anh hudng cita toe do ddng den hieu qua xic ly do mdu vd COD cua
tro trdu hoathoa36
Hinh 4.8: Anh huong toe do ddng den hieu qua xic ly do mdu vd COD cua than
hoattinh

37

Hinh 4.9: Bieu do the Men su khdc biet ve hieu qua xic ly do mdu giua tro trdu
hoathdavd than hoqt tinh khi hap phu ddng lien tuc38
Hinh 4.10: Bieu do the Men su khdc biet ve hieu qua xic ly COD giua tro trdu
hoqt hda vd than hogt tinh khi hap phu ddng lien tuc38

GVHD.TS. Nguyen Trung ThanhTrang v


SVTH: Hi^^nh Van Binh-DHIOMT

Khoa luan T6t nghiep

DANH SACH TIT VIET TAT

VLHP

Vat lieu hap phu

COD [Chemical Oxygen Demand]

Nhu cdu oxi hoa hoc

BOD [Biochemical Oxygen Demand]

Nhu cdu oxy sinh hoa

TS

Tdng chdt r&n

SS [suspended solids ]

Chat ran la limg

N2

Nita

C

Carbon

H

• Hidro

Si

Silic

S

Lim huynh

GVHD.TS. Nguyen Trung Thanh

Trang vi


Khda luan T6t nghidpSVTH: Huynh Van Binh - DHIOMT

ChUong 1: GIOITHIEU

Cong nghiep la mot trong nhung nganh trpng diem de phat trien kinh te ciia
cac qu6c gia tren thS gidi. CJ Viet Nam, nganh cong nghiep dang phat trien manh
me ve quy mo va so lugng. Song, ngoai viec dem lai lpi ich kinh te thi nganh
cong nghiep cung la mot trong nhung nguyen nhan true tiep lam suy thoai va 6
nhim moi throng.
Mot trong nhung nganh cong nghiep gay 6 nhiem moi trudng nhieu nhat la
nganh det nhuom. Trong qua trinh det nhupm phai sil dtmg nhieu hoa chat phu
gia va thuoc nhupm, nen nuoc thai cua nganh nay bi 6 nliiem kha nang va co
nhieu doc ttnh. Neu lupng nude thai nay khong dupe xu ly dung muc se gay 6

nhiem den moi tnrdng nude mat va xam nhap vao trong long dat gay anh hudng
moi trudng dat va cd the lam bien doi dac tinh ciia moi tnrdng dat.
Hien nay, cd nhieu phuong phap khac nhau da dupe nghien cuu va dp dung
de xu ly nude thai det nhupm theo hudng hoan thien nhat. Mot trong cac phupng
phap dang dupe nhieu ngudi quan tarn hien nay la tan dung ode phu pham nong
nghiep, cong nghiep lam vat lieu hap. phu. Phuong phap nay cd uu diem la su
dung ngudn nguyen lieu re tien san cd va khong dua them vao moi tnrdng cac tdc
nhan doc.

Tro trau tu cac 16 nung gach thii cong la mot trong nhung nguon phu pham
cd tiem nang trong viec ung dung de xu ly moi trudng. Thuc te, da cd nhung
nghien cuu cua cac nha khoa hoc v kha nang xu ly moi trudng cua tro trau va rdt
thanh cong.

Xuat phat tir nhung ly do tren, chiing tdi chpn dl tai: " Nghien cuu xay
dung mo hinh xu ly chat huu eff trong nude thai det nhuom bang phuo'ng
phap hap phu" vdi vat lieu hap phu la tro trau tir cac Id nung gach thu cong. Be
tai nay la mot budc dem trudc khi trien khai ung dung thuc te vat lieu hap phu tit
tro trau vao xu ly moi trudng. Ci day, chiing toi su dung nude thai tir nha may det
nhupm sau qua trinh Fenton lam doi tupng khao sat kha nang hap phu doi vdi vat
lieu hap phu cua chiing toi.

GVHD: TS. Nguyen Trung ThanhTrang 1


KhoaluanTdtnghiepSVTH: Huynh Van Binh - DH10MT

Chmmg 2: LlTQC KHAO TAI LIEU

2.1. Tong quan ve hap phu

2.1.1. Cac khai niem
a.Su hap phu

Hip phu la qua trinh hut cac chit tren hi mat cac vat lieu xop nhb cac luc
be mat. Cac vat lieu xop dugc ggi la chat hap phu, chat bi hut ggi la chdt bi hap
phu.

Doi vdi khi, hap phu co tac dung tuong trr nhu hap thu. Tuy nhien, hap thu
la qua trinh hut va hoa tan vao chat long, con hap phu thi chi hut tren be mat.
Hap phu cung dung rong rai &k tach cac chat tan (dien ly va khong dien ly)
khoi dung dich. Tnrdng hop nay no co tac dung nhu trich ly nhung trfch ly la qua
trinh chuyen chit tan tir dung dich diu vao long dung moi.
Hap phu la qua trinh ung dung rong rai trong cong nghiep hoa chat, thuc
pham va nhieu lrnh vuc che bien khac; tu viec tach triet de cac chat kin' co ham
lugng tliap, tay mau, tiy mui cac dung dich den hap phu cac chit doc hai trong
nude va khi thai. Ngay nay, cac chit hap phu da dugc chi tao de tach cac dong
phan parafin, tach nhieu chat long him co phan tu' thap thay cho qua trinh chung
luyen trong nhung trudng hop kho khan, tach khong khi. thanli hai phan: mot
phan giau oxy (95%) va mot phan giau N2 (99%). Chat hap phu con gift vai tro
quan trong trong viec san xuat chat xiic tac (Nguyen Bin, 2005).
b.Giaihapphu
' Giai hap phu la qua trinh chit bi hap phu ra khpi ldp be mat chit hap phu.
Giai hap phu dua tren nguyen tic su dung cac yeu t6 bat lgi dii vdi qua trinh hap
phu. Giai hip phu la phuong phap tai sinh vat lieu hip phu dl co thi tiSp tuc su
dung lai nen no mang dac trung v hieu qua kinh ti.
Mot so phuong phap tai sinh vat lieu:
-Phuong phap nhiet: dugc su dung cho cac trudng hgp chit bi hip phu bay
hai hoac san pham phan My nhiet ciia chiing co kha nang bay hai.
-Phuang phap hoa ly: co thi diuc-hien tai ch, ngay trong cot hip phu nen
tiet kiem dugc thai gian, cong thao da, van chuyin, khong va vrm chit hip phu

va co the thu hoi chat bi hap phu a trang thai nguyen ven. Phuang phap hoa ly co

GVHD: TS. Nguyen Trung Thanh

.Trang 2


Khda luan T6t nghiepSVTH: Huynh Van Binh -DH10MT
thi thuc hien theo each: chiit .vdi dung moi, sii dung phan ling oxi hda khii, ap
dat cac dieu Men lam dich chuyen can bang khong co lgi cho qua trinh hap phu.
- Phuong phap vi sinh: la phuang phap tai kha nang hap phu cua chat hap
phu nhd vi sinh vat (Nguyen Thiiy Duong, 2008).
c.Can bang hap phu
Hip phu vat ly la mot qua trinh thuan nghich. Cac phin tu chat bi hap phu
khi da hap phu tren bS mat chdt h^p phu vln co thS di chuyln ngugc lai pha
mang (hn hop tiSp xiic vdi chit hip phu). Theo thai gian, lucmg chat bi hap phu
tich tu tren bi mat chit hip phu cang nhiiu thi tdc dp di chuyen ngugc trd lai pha .
mang cang Idn. Den mot thai diem nao do, toe hap phu bang toe do phan ling hap
phu thi qua trinh hap phu dat can bang (Nguyen Thiiy Duong, 2008).
d.Dung lucmg hap phu can bang
Dung lugng hap phu can bang la khoi lugng chat bi hap phu tren mot dan vi
khoi lugng hap phu d trang thai can bang- d dieu Men xac dmh vS nong do va
hhiet do.
Dung lugng hip phu dugc tinh theo cong thuc:

Trong do:
q: dung lugng hap phu can bang (mg/g).

V: the tich dung djch chat bj hap phu (1).
m: khoi lugng chat hap phu (g).

Co: nong do dung dich ban dau (mg/1).

Ccb: nong do dung djch khi dat can bang hip phu (mg/1) (Nguyen Thiiy
Duong, 2008).
e. Hieusudt hap phu
Hieu suat hap phu la ty so giiSa nong dp dung djch bi hap php va nong do
dung djch ban dau (Nguyin Thiiy Duong, 2008).

•-o

GVHD: TS. Nguyen Trung ThanhTrang 3


KhdaluanTdtnghiepSVTH: Huynh Van Binh - DH10MT
2.1.2.Phan loai hip phu
Tuy theo ban chat, qua trinh hap phu duqc phan loai thanh hai loai: hap phu
ly hoc va hap phu hoa hoc:
-Hap phu ly hoc la qua trinh hap phu xay ra nhd cac lien ket vat ly giua
chat bi hap phu va be mat chap hap phu nhu lire lien ket Vander Waals. Cac hat
bi h^p phu vat ly chuyln dong tu do tren bl mat chit hip phu va day la qua trinh
hap phu da lop (hinh thanh nhieu lop phan hi tren be mat chat hap phu).
-Hap phy hoa hoc la qua trinh trong do co xay ra phan ung hoa hoc giua
chat bi hip phu va chat hap phu.
Trong xu ly nude thai, qua trinh hap phu thudng la su ket hpp cua ca hap
phu vat ly va hoa hoc (Hoang Van Hue, 2001).
Theo dieu kien tiln hanh hip phu, nguoi ta chia thanh hai kieu hap phu:
-Hap phu trong dieu Men tinh la khong cho su chuyen dich tuong doi cua
phan hi nude so vdi phan tir chat hap phu ma chung cimg chuyen dong vdi nhau.
Bien phap thuc hien la cho chat hap phu vao nude va khuay trpn trong mot thai
gian du de dat dugc trang thai can blng nong do. Tiep theo cho lang hoac loc de

giu chat hap phu lai va tach nude ra.
-Hap phu trong dieu Men dong la co su chuyen dong tuang doi cua phan tir
nude so vdi phan tir chat hap phu. Hap phu trong dieu kien dong la mot qua trinh
dien ra khi cho nude thai qua lap vat lieu lpc hap phu. Thiet bi de thuc hien qua
trinh do gpi la thap hip phu. (Hoang Van Hue, 2001).
2.1.3.Cau true x6p cua chit hip phu
Cac chat hap phu can dat cac yeu cau co' ban:
-Co be mat rieng ldn.

-C6 mao quan du ldn dl cac phan hi hip phu din dupe bl mat, nhung cung
can du nho de loai cac phan tir xam nhap, co tinh chpn lpc.
-Co the hoan nguyen de dang.

-Ben nang luc hap phu nghia la keo dai thai gian lam vipc.
-Bu ben ca de chiu dupe rung dpng va va dap.

Nhung yeu cau tren chung to chat hap phu khong nhflng phai co be mat
rieng ldn ma con can co mot so tinh chat khac ve cau true.

GVHD: TS. Nguyen Trung ThanhTrang 4


KhdaluanTotnghiepSVTH: Huynh Van Binh - DH10MT
Nhin chung cac chit hip phu dupe dung trong cong nghiep deu xop, co be
mat rieng Ion, tit khoang tram met vuong den gan 2000 m2 tinh tren 1 g. Cau true
xop co the phan loai nhu sau:

-Mao quan nhd: kich thudc tit 5 - 10 A, cue dai 15 A. Loai nay nhu la
khong gian giua cac phan tu, chua hinh thanh dang hinh hoc ciia mao quan.
-Mao quan trung binh: kich thudc tir 15 A den 1.000 A, cue dai den 2.000

A. Loai nay chiem rihiiu nhit, tao ra thanh phin chinli be mat hap phu. Trong cac
mao quan loai nay dien ra ca hap phu va ngung to mao quan.

-Mao quan ldn: kich thudc ldn hon 1.000 ^ 2.000 A. Cac mao quan nay chi
tao ra 0,5 •*• 2 m2/g be mat nliung da tao ra he thong van hanh tai chat rat tot, lam

tang van toe hap phu. Cac vat lieu hap phu mao quan ldn dung tot trong cac cot
sacky.

Ngay nay co rat nhieu loai vat lieu hap phu nhu than hoat tinh, silicagen,
cac polime hoat tinh, cac zeolit, dat set hoat tinh va cac oxyt cua kim loai ma
dien hinh la nhom oxyt. Cimg vdi cau true xop, moi loai cd nhung dac tinh tao
nen nhung vimg ling dung hieu qua rieng cua tirng loai (Nguyen Bin, 2005).
2.1.4. Cac mo hinh dang nhiet hap phu
Co the mo ta qua trinh hap phu dua vao dudng ding nhiet hip phu. Duong
ding nhiet hip phu biiu diln su phu thuoc cua dung luqng hip phu tai mot thai
diem vao nong dp can bang cua chat bi hap phu trong dung dich tai thai diem do
a mot nhiet dp xac dinh. Duong dang nhiet hap phu dupe thiet lap bang each cho
mot lupng xac dinh chat hap phu vao mot lupng cho trudc dung dich co nong dp
da biet ciia chat bi hap phu.
Vdi chat hap phu la chat ran, chat bi hap phu la chat long thi dudng dang
nhiet hap phu dupe mo ta qua cac phuong trinh dang nhiet: phuong trinh dang
nhiet Henry, phuong trinh dang nhiet hap phu Freundlich va phuong trinh ding
nhiet hap phu Langmuir,...(^Vguyen Thiiy Duong, 2008).
a. Mo hinh dang nhiet hap phu Henry
Phuong trinh. dang nhiet hap phu Henry: la phuong trinh ding nhiet don
gian mo ta su tuong tac quan tuygn tinh giua lupng chit bi hip phu tren bi mat
pha rin va nong dp (ap suit) cua chit bi hip phu d trang thai can bing:
a = K.P(2.3)
Trong do:

K: hang so hap phu Henry
GVHD: TS. NguySn Trung ThanhTrang 5


Khoa luan T6t nghiepSVTH: Huynh Van Binli - DH10MT

a: lu'ong chat bi hap phu (mol/g)

P: ap suit (mmHg)
Tu s6 lieu thuc nghiep cho thiy vimg tuyen tinh nay nho. Trong vung do,
su tuomg tac giua cac phan til chat bi hap phu tren be mat chat ran la khong dang
kg.

b.Mo hinh dang nhiet hap phu Freundlich
Phuong trinh ding nhiet hip phu Freundlich la phuang trinh thuc nghifm
mo ta su hap phu xay ra trong pham vi mot lap.
Phuang trinh nay duac bieu dien bang mot ham so mu:
j_

q=k.Cb(2.4)
Hoac dang phuang trinh duang thing:

lg^ = lg^ + -lgCcA

(2.5)

n
Trong do:
k: hang so phu thuoc vari nhiet do, dien tich be mat va cac yeu to khac
n: hang so phu thuoc vao nhiet dp va luon ldn han 1

Phuang trinh Freundlich phan anh kha sat so lieu thuc nghiem cho vimg
ban dau va vung giua cua duang hip phu ding nhiet hie la a vung nong dp thip
cua chat bi hap phu.
c.Mo hinh hap phu dang nhiet Langmuir
Phuang trinh hap phu dang nhiet Langmuir co dang:
b.Ccb
^l + b.Ccb

^

.

Trong do:
q: dung lupng hap phu tai thai diem can bang (mg/g)

q^: dung luqng hip phu cue dai (mg/g)
b: hang so Langmuir
Khi tich so b.Ccbl thi q = qmax.b.Ccb: mo ta vimg hip phu tuyin tinh.
Khi tich so b.Ccbl thi q = qmax: mo ta vimg hap phu bao hoa.
GVHD: TS. Nguyin Trung ThanhTrang 6


Khoa Man T6t nghiep

SVTH: Huynh Van Binh - DH10MT

Phuong trinh Langmuir co the bieu dien duoi dang phuong trinh duang
thang:

(2.7)

(Nguyln Thiiy Duong, 2008).
2.2. Tong quan tai lifu vl tro trau
2.2.1. Thanh phan hoa hoc cua trau va tro trau

? Trdu
- Qua tai lieu nghien ciiu cho thay thanh phan hoa hoc cua trau gom co: C,
H, 0, Si, S... va mot lupng Im nhfit dinh. Thanh phdn cau true dugc the Men a
Bang 2.1 (Rice husk ash market study, 2003).

Bang 2.1: Tinh chat vd thdnhphdn cua trdu
Tinh chat / thanh ph^n cua tr^u

Dae trung

Kh6i lugng rieng (kg/m3)

96-160

Chieu dai hat (inm)

2,5-5

Do tro ( % )

22,24

Carbon (%)

35,77

Hydro (%)

5,06

Oxi (%)

36,59

Nita (%)

0,32

Luu huynh (%)

0.083

SiO2(%)

10-12

Do dm

8,05

Ngudn: Rice husk ash market study, 2003.

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Khoa luan Tot nghiep

- Trong do, Carbon co ham lugng rat cao va giu vai tro rat quan trong

(chiem khoang 35,7%). Ngoai ham lugng Carbon thi ham hiqng SiO2 chiem mot
ti le dang ke (10-12%) va ham lugng nay hau nhu khong thay doi trong qua trinh
d6t triu (Bang 2.2).

Bang 2.2: Thanh phan hoa hoc cua trdu va tro trail

Mlu tro trau thu dupe khi d6t er
Ten cac thanh phan

Mau triu

Dp am (%)

9,5

8

Ham lugng SiO2 (%)

10,1

41,9

Ham lugng C (%)

54,7

45

Ham lugng H2 (%)

9,2

Ham lugng O2 (%)

8,3

Ham lugng N2 (%)


Ham lugng S (%)

<0,l

800C, hleu su^t thu duoc 22%

Nguon : TS Trinh Van Dung, 2006.

Qua do cho thay :
•Hieu su8t thu hoach tro triu khi ddt triu a 800C la 22%.
•Trong trau, Carbon la thanh phan giu yeu t6 quan trong ( C chiem den
54,7%).

•Lugng SiO2 ban dau trong trau chiem khoang 10,1% se con lai hoan toan
trong tro triu khi d6t 6 800C.
•Nhu vay khi d6t lOOg triu thi thu dugc 22g tro, trong do co lOg la SiO2 (
chiim khoang 42%), llg la C (chiim 45%), lg con lai la do im, Oxi va cac
nguyen t6 kliac.

Qua bang so lieu tren cho chung ta thay, khi nung trau a nhiet dp 800C thi
thanh phin Carbon trong tro triu thay d6i rit it so vdi ban diu va day la yiu t6

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Khda luan T6t nghiep

quan trpng quyet dinh cau tnic ya dien tich rieng be mat ciia tro trau (Li Ngoc
Hang,2009).

2.2.2. Nhung ling dung cua tro trdu tren thl gioi
Hien nay tren thl gioi thl tro trdu dupe ling dung rat nhieu vao cac nganh
cong nghiep nhu:
•Trong nganh sin xudt thep:
Vi co tinh each nhiet t6t va nhiet dp nong chay cao nen tro trau dupe su
dung lam chit each nhiet giua cac t^m thep de ngan chan viec bi ngupi nhanh de
dam bao sir dong dac, on dinh hinli dang cua thep.
•• Trong nganh sin xudt vat lieu xdy dung:

Trong tro ham luong SiO2 kha cao (a dang vi hat); trong do, tro trau dupe
dung lam chat phu gia trong xay dung nhu xi mang, gach chiu lira, cong nghe
ban dan,...

•Trong nganh hoa hoc:

Hien nay, trerl the gidi dang nghien cuu sir dung tro trau de lam chat hdp
phu, san xuit Oxit silic. Nhu ciu va tilm nang ung dung ciia than trau dupe
thdngke a Bang 2.3.

Bang 2.3: Nhu cdu va tiem nang ung dung than trau

Trang thai cua

Nhu cau cua thi

thi truo'ng hien

trucrng hien

nay

nay

Dang ling dung

Trung binh

Nhilu, tang

Cong nghiep xi mang

Dang ling dung

Nliidu

Nhieu

Vat lieu xay dung nhe

Dang ling dung

it

San xudt chip silicon

Dang nghien ciiu

it

Nhieu, tang

San xuat gach chiu lira

Mdi ling dung

it

Tang

San xudt than hoat tinh

Dang nghien ciin

it

Nhieu, tang

Linh virc ung dung

Cong nghiep thep

GVHD: TS. Nguyen Trung Thanh

Nhu cau trong
tudng lai

it den trung

binh

Trang 9


Khoa luan T8t nghiepSVTH: Huynh Van Binh - DH10MT

Chat hap phu trong dat

Dang ung dung

It

NhiSu, tang

Nguon: Rice husk ash market study, 2003.

Qua bang tren ta thay, tro trau la mot vat lieu day hiia hen trong Urang lai,
nhat la linh vuc san xuat than hoat tinh.

2.2.3. Nhirng ung dung cua tro trsiu tai Viet Nam
O Viet Nam hien nay tro trau cung dang dupe nghien curu va ling dung vao
mpt so nganh van con han che.
•Trong tiong nghiep :
Tro trau co kha nang cai tao dat rat tot, vi tro trau co cau true xop nen khi

trpn vdi dit bac mau chai ciing thi trau lam dat tai xop lai, tro trau co ham lupng
khoang nhiSu dung de bon cho hoa mau.
•Trong nganh xdy dung:
,T ro trau dupe dung lam phu gia cho via xay d^ng thay the cho silicafume,
vi trong tro trau vdi thanh phan chu yeu la silic d dang vo dinh hinh cd hoat tinh
rat cao lam cho cudng dp cua wa tu chay luon cao han so vdi dung silicafume
(silicafume la mot chat phu gia cua vua tu chay dung trong xay dung, dupe nhap
khiu tu- mot s6 nude tren the gidi nhu: Thuy Dien, Tay Ban Nha va Chau Phi,...)
Ben canh do tro trau cung dang dupe nghien ciiu va ling dung vao cac linh
vuc nhu san xu^t xi mang, vat lieu xay dung nhe,...
•Trong nganh hoa hoc:

Tro trau dang dupe nghien cuu de san xuat silic oxic, chat hap phu. Hien
nay, viec nghien cuu tan dung tro trau mot each hieu qua han van con mdi me va

mang tinh chien lupc trong dinh hudng phat trien nganh vat lieu d Viet Nam,
cung nhu ling dung chiing vao linh vuc xii ly moi tru'dng (Le Ngoc Hang, 2009).
2.3. Tong quan ve nganh d^t nhupm
2.3.1. Cac quy trinh co' ban trong cong nghe det nhupm

Thong thudng cong nghe det nhupm gdm 3 qua trinh co ban: keo spi, det
vai va xii ly (nau tay), nhupm va hoan thien vai. Trong do dupe chia thanh cac
cong doan sau:

-Lam sach nguyen lieu: nguyen lieu bong tho dupe danh tung, lam sach va
trpn deu. Sau qua trinh lam sach bong dupe thu dudi dang cac tarn phang deu.
-Chai: cac spi bong dupe chay song song va tao thanh cac spi tho.

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KhdaluanTotnghiepSVTH: Huynh Van Binh - DH10MT
-Keo sgi, danh bong, mic sgi: tiep tuc keo tho tai cac may sgi con de giam
kich thudc sgi, tang do ben va quan sgi vao cac ong sgi thich hop cho viec det
vai. Tiep tuc mac sgi la don qua cac qua ong de chuan bi cho cong doan ho sgi.

-H6 sgi doc: h6 sgi bing hd tinh bot va tinh bot bien tinh de tao mang ho
bao quanh sgi, tang dp ben, dp tron va dp bong cua spi de co the tien hanh det
vai.

-Det vai: ket hop sgi ngang vdi sgi doc da mac thanh hinh tarn vai mpc.
^ - Giu h6: tach cac thanh phin cua ho bam tren vai mgc bang phuong phap
enzym (1% enzym, mudi va cac chit ngim) hoac axit (dung dich H2SO4 0.5%).
Vai sau khi giu h6 dugc giat bSng nuac, xa phong, xut, chat ngam roi dua sang
nau tay.

-Nau vai: loai tru phan ho con lai va cac tap chat thien nhien nhu dau mo,
sap.. .Vai dugc niu trong dung dich ki^m va cac chat tay giat a ap suat cao (2-3
at) va a nhiet dp cao (120 - 130 C). Sau do vai dugc giat nhieu lin.
-Lam bong vai: lam cho sgi cotton truong no, lam tang kich thudc cac mao
quan lam cho xa sgi tra nen xop han, de tham nude hem, tang kha nang bat mau
thuoc nhupm.
-Tay trang: muc dich tay mau tu nhien. cua vai, lam sach cac vet ban. Cac

cMt tay thudng dung la natri clorit NaC102, natri hypoclorit NaOCl hoac hydro
peroxyte H2O2 cimg vdi cac chat phu trg.
-Nhupm vai va hoan thien: muc dich tao mau sac khac nhau ciia vai.

Thudng sir dung cac loai thuoc nhupm tong hop cung vdi cac chat trg nhupm de
tao su gan mau cua vai.
In hoa la tao ra cac van hoa co mot hoac nhieu mau tren nen vai trang hoac

vai mau. Sau khi nhuom va in, vai dugc giat lanh nhieu Ian. Phan thuoc nhupm
du khong gan vao vai va cac hoa chit se di vao nude thai. Vang kho, hoan tit vai
vdi muc dich on dinh kich thudc vai, chong nhau va on dinh nhiet, trong do sir
dung mot so hoa chat chong mau, chat lam mem va hoa chat nhu metylic, axit
axetic, formaldehit (Nguyin ThiAnh, 2011).

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Khpa luan T6t nghiep

SVTH: Huynh Van Binh - DH10MT

Cam mau

Giat tay

Ho vang

Coui

Cao long

Kiem gap

Dong kien

Hinh 2.1: Scr do quy trlnh cong nghe det nhuom

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