Phụ nữ việt nam với việc xây dựng phát huy phát triển và giữ gìn bản sắc văn hóa dân tộc qua một số tư liệu cổ

PHU NUr VIET NAM Vdl VIEC XAY Dl/NG, PHAT HUY, PHAT TRIEN
VA GlQ GIN BAN SAC V A N H O A DAN TOC
QUA MOT SO T i ; LIEU CO
DdoTdUyen
Khoa Ljch sijr
Trudng DHSP - DHQG Ha Ngi
Din tdc Viet Nam vdn cd ljch sir va ndn van hoi liu ddi. Con ngudi Viet Nam da sdm xiy
dyng cho minh mdt ban sic van boa rieng. Chfnh ban sde van hoi dd da tao cho din tdc mdt ch6
diing vihig vang va la nhin td lam nen stic manh, ddng lye cua sy phit tridn kinh td va xa hdi. La
mdt lye lugng lao ddng quan trgng, ttt xa xua phu nii Viet Nam da la nhung ngudi cd cdng Idn
trong viec xiy dung, phit tridn va gin giir ban sic van hoi din tdc. Hg da dugc ca din tdc nggi
ca vi sir sich xua ghi lai. Trong pham vi cua bio cao nay, d gdc dd van hoi chiing tdi mudn
khdc boa lai vai trd vi cdng lao to Idn cua phu nii Viet Nam thdng qua mdt sd tu heu cd tren mdt
sd khfa canh cbii ydu sau diy:
1. Phu nft Viet Nam c6 long yeu nude nong nan va y chi tU cudng dan tgc.
Ljch siJr Viet Nam la ljch sir cua qui trtnh dyng nude di ddi vdi qui trinh gift nude. Chinh
didu niy da tao cho con ngudi Viet Nam ndi ehung va phu nii Viet Nam ndi rieng mdt long yeu
nude ndng nin va ^ chi ty cudng din tdc. Chung ta da ttmg bidt ddn nhihig phu nii cd ten tudi
nhu Hai Ba Tnmg, Bi Trieu - nhiing nii tudng cim quan di danh giac. Hg da chidn diu ddn bed
thd cudi cdng, quydt khdng chju dd sa vao tay giac dd giii trgn khi tidt vdi non sdng, vdi dit
nude. Nha sii hgc Le Van Huu - tie gia bd sir thanh van diu tien d nude ta vao thd ky XIII da ndi
vi Hai Bi: "Trung Trie, Tnmg Nhi la dan ba, bd mdt tidng ma cie quin Cim Nhin, Nbat Nam,
Hgp Phd, cung 65 thinh d linh ngoai ddu hudng ung, viec dyng nude, xung vuong dd nhu trd
ban tay, cd thd thiy hinh thd dit Viet ta du dyng nghiep bi vuong. Tide ring ndi sau hg Trieu
cho dd^n tmdc hg NgO, trong khoang han ngin nam, bgn din dng chi ciii diu bd tay, lam tdi td
cho ngudi phuong Bic, ha chang xiu bd vdi hai ehj em hg Trung la ddn ba bay sao? "*1\ Hai thd
ky sau, nha sir hgc Ngd Si Lien cung ca nggi: "Hg Trung giin thai tbii nhi Hin bao ngugc, vung
tay hd mdt tidng ma qudc thdng nude ta ca dd dugc khdi phuc, kbi khii anh hung hi chi liic
sdng dyng nude xung vuong, mi sau khi ehdt edn cd thd chdng ngan tai boa. Pham gap nhung
viec tai uong, ban lut, ddn ciu dao khdng viec gi li khdng Ijnb ting. Ca bi Trung em cung thd vi
la din ba ma cd dtic hanh ke si, cai khi bting dung trong khoang trdi dit khdng vi thin cbdt ma

kdm di. Bgn dai tmgng phu hi chdng nen nudi liy cii khf phich cuong tryc chinh dai iy u?" " \
Ben canh Hai Ba Trung chiing ta edn gap mudn van nhiing ngudi phy nii binh thudng khic vdn
mang trong minh tmydn thdng yeu nude ndng nan va tinh thin quit cudng bit kbuit. Nhiing
ngudd phu nit dd da dugc nhin din cic dja phuong thd phung va dugc luu danh trong cic ban
thin tich b dinh, ddn, midu eiia ling. Ban than tfeb cua tdng Phu lao buyen Phii Ninh, tinh Pbii
Thg cho bid^t: "Bi Td A Doanh xuit thin trong mdt gia dinh ndng din ngheo khd, vtra hdt tang

(I), (2) Ngd a Lien - Dai viet sir ky loan thu - NXB KHXH Ha Ndi 1993, tr 157, 158

23


cha me thi gap hoan Td Djnb ba da tham gia quan khdi ngbia eiia Tnmg nir vuong va vi sau
dugc phong li A My Nguyet Anh cdng ehua" '". Hon 1000 nam dan tdc ta bj phong kidn
Phuong Bdc dd hd, Idng yeu nude ndng nan, tinh thin quat khdi eiia dan tdc ban liie nao hdt lai
dugc bidu hien va phit buy cao do. Nban dan Viet Nam da nhidu lin ndi diy chdng lai sy dd hd
vi xim luge cua ke tbti nhdm gianh dde lip ty do cho din tdc. Hinh anh ngudi phu nii Viet Nam
kien cudng bit kbuit mai mm edn dgng lai trong ky lie cua nhin dan: "Ba A Dung Nuong ngudi
dao San Tiy da cung con trai tham gia khdi nglua chdng quan Luang, khi thua ba da khdng chju
hang giac va nhay xudng sdng tudn tidt vi sau,5uge nhan dan lap midu thd" <^'. Trong cude diu
tranh ehung cua din tdc khdng chi cd phu ntr midn xudi ma phu nii cua cic vung din tdc thidu
sd cung khdng chju lam kidp nd le, hg cung sin sang dumg len chdng giac khi van menh dan tdc
bj de doa: "Thd ky thii VI quan Luong sang xam luge Viet Nam cd ba Quich A De - Mdt phu nO
b dao Tuyen Quang da kdt tdc vin khan cai trang thinh ding nam nhi hung dOng chi buy tirdng
sT dinh giac, ba da by sinb anh dung. Nhin dan nhd cdng on ba da lap midu dd thd, khi Trieu
Quang Phuc len ngdi ba dugc tang them la Ttr Hue Phd Dat dai vuong"'''. Ban thin tfeb cua
buyen Van Lam tinh Hung Yen cung ghi vi sy tfeb cua mdt nu anh hung: "Thdi trin cd Ba An
Nuong la eon thiir hai trong nam chi em gii eon dng Dio Nglua vi ba Hoang Thj Nhu b Phil
Thieu Thien trin Thanh Hoi. Bd me mit sdm, nam ehj em sdng canh edi cut, ddt dfu nhau lang
thang kidm sdng. Biy gid cd giac d ngoai bien gidi phi'a Tay vao xam lin bd edi, nha vua sai

dinh thin cim quin di dinh nhung khdng thdng ndi. Nha vua lo Idng, sai tim anh tai trong thien
ha. Nam ehj em ty nguyenlap cic ddn, chia cic nga, chidn diu, quydt dep tan lu giac. Rieng An
Nuong mac quin io dan dng, cai trang lam nam gidi tay cim dao, tay phit cd, ciing ehj em dinh
giip li ca vdi quin giac. Mdi mdt train, giac da kinh hai tan vd, bj cbdt vd sd. Nhi vua ca mtmg,
cho md tiec khao thudng, phong tude sai din trong vting ddn bin tiee. Sau nay khi An Nuong
qua ddi, nha vua thuong xdt, sai dinh thin lam Id didu tang linh dinh cho din trong vung xiy
dyng lang midu, ban. I(K) quan tidn dd den nhang thd ciing. Nhi vua edn bao phong my ty la tdi
linh thin" '"*.
Cd thd ndi long yeu nude, y ebf ty cudng dan tdc da xay dyng nen nhan cieb eon ngudi
Viet Nam mi phy nir Viet Nam la nhiing bidu bien sinb ddng va cu thd. Ddng thdi chfnh nd da
due kdt nen tmydn thdng kien cudng bit khuit cua din tdc qua miy ngan nam ljch sir.
2. Ldng nhan ii, bao dung, trgng ngbia tinh dao ly - mdt ban sde van hoi din tdc da dugc
phu nii Viet Nam xiy dyng va phit buy ttr ngan nam vd tmdc.
Ttr khi dyng nude nhan dan ta da phai duong diu vdi giac ngoai xam dd gin dde lap ddng
thdi phai chdng chgi vdi thien nhien khdc nghiet dd dani bao'cudc sdng cua minh. Vi viy Idng
yeu nude b diy khdng phai la mdt cai gi dan le ma nd dugc gin kdt giira nude vdi lang, giiia ca
nhin vdi cdng ddng, giua eon ngudi vdi xa hdi dd tao cho con ngudi Viet Nam mdt ldng nhin ii.

(1) PTS. D6 Thi Hao chu bifin - Nhimg guong mat phu nir Viet Nam qua tu lieu Han N6in - NXB KHXH
HiN6i, 1996, tr21.
(2) Nhiing guong mat phu nii Viet Nam - Qua tu lieu Han N6m - NXB KHXH Hh N6i, 1996, tr 23
(3) Nhihig gucmg mat phu nu Viet Nam - Qua tu lieu Han N6m - NXB KHXH Hi N6i, 1996, tr 24
(4) Nhihig guong mat phu uQ Viet Nam - Qua tu lieu Hdn N6m - NXB KHXH Hk N6i, 1996, tr 35-36

24


do lugng, bao dung, dim hy sinb vi ngudi khic. Vd mat nay, phy nii Viet Nam chdng nhiing cd
cdng Idn trong viec tao dung ndn ma edn la ngudi xiy dip, phit buy va gin giu nd. S\i sich
phong kidn xua nhu Dai Viet thdng sir cua Le Quy Ddn, Dai Viet sir k^ toin thu cua Ngd S

Lien, Dai nam nhit thdng chi, Dai nam het tmyen eiia Qudc sii quin tridu Nguydn v.v... mac dii
chju anh hudng siu sde eiia tu tudng nho giao vin phai ghi lai nhung con ngudi thyc vi nhung
viec tiiuc, vd nhihig guong het ntr. Hg Ii nhihig ngudi phu nit binh thudng nhung di trgn ddi thu
ti^t vdi chdng, gia trgn dao eiia ngudi con diu, phung dudng cha me chdng. Chung ta cd thd kd
ra diy nhidu tim guong phu nii tieu bidu dd: "Nguyln Thj Quang, ngudi buyen Tien Lii, luc 17
tudi liy chdng Id Nguydn Chiu, ngudi cung xa, mdi dugc mdt nim chdng phai di h'nh thii 6 Thii
Nguyen mdc benh cbdt. Thi thin ddn noi chdng cbdt dem hii cdt vd ehdn, khi hdt tang chdng,
cha me chdng cho vd nha dd cai gii, tiij til thd giu tidt ddn cbdt, bidu duong cha m^ chdng. "Nim
Tu Dvic thu nhit dugc bidu duong""'.
Ldng nhan ii cua ngudd phy nii Viet Nam khdng chi bidu bien trong pham vi gia di^ib nhd
hep ma edn bidu hien siu sde d ngbia xdm, tinh lang. T^ xua din gian ta da cd ciu "li linh diim
li rich" hay "no ddi cd nhau". Dai nam nhit thdng chi - Bd sich eiia qudc sir quin tridu Nguydn
da ghi lai: "Nguydn Thj Thdng, ngudi buyen Duyen Ha, liy chdng la Nguydn Dinh Nam, ngudi
cting xa, 20 mdi, khdng cd eon, d goi, cha me bao edi gia thi liy viec giir tjdt ddn cbdt dd phan
ddi. Ttr diy lam an sieng nang, tin tien nen nbat dung diy dii. Nam Minh Menh thii' l4, gap mit
miia thj ciing IfX) bdc thdc dd chin cip ngudi ngheo, dugc on ban thudng 4 tim sa, nam Ty Diic
tbiic hai dugc bidu duong"'^'.
Tinh ddn biu, sy bao dung eiia ngudi phu nu Viet Nam edn bidu hien ro ret b cieb cu xu
giira ngudi vdi ngudi, y tbiic ddi vdi cdng ddng, bidt hy sinb vi tip tiid, bidt trgng tinh ngudi.
Bi ky d xa Cao Xi buyen Thanh Cai tinh Ha Tiy cd nghi lai: "Ba Phan Thj Chile ngudi
bin xa, vdn nhin biu diic dd, hang xdm tren dudi bidt tidng, ai cung qu^f trgng ba. Thiy din xa
cin tidn, ba da phit hdng san, hdng tim ciing 1(XX) quan dd din chi ding vao viec cdng. Din xa
cam on.in diic eiia ba da dimg bia va coi ba la tim guong hdt ldng vi viec ngbia dd con chiu
mudn ddi noi theo"*''.
Bin "Hau thin bi kf b Thii Binh cQng cho bidt b xa Phit Lde, huyen Ddng Quan tinh
Thii Binh cd bi Bili Dieu Loan thiy que nha tiing b&, thidu tidn trd ng thud cu, ba dem giiip xa
trang trai no nin, gin 100 quan tidn, hai sao 5 thude mdng. Dip lai tim ldng nhin diic eiia ba,
din xa suy tdn bi Ii biu thin"'*'. 6 phudng Ha Khiu (Hi Ndi) cung cd bi Nguydn Thj Qic l i
ngudi cd tim ldng ttr thien da xin ciing 300 quan tidn vao viec cdng.
Ngoii ra edn cd hang ngan-, hang van ehj em phu nii: khic du d dja vi cao thip khic nhau

nhung b diu hg cung mang cdt cieb cua ngudi con gii Viet Nam dd li sin sang hy sinb vi nghla
Idn, bidt dat Igi ich eiia tap thd len tren quydn Igi cua ci nhin minh: "Mdt ngudi con gii binh
thudng b xa Xuin Van Ddng, buyen Pbiic Thg tinh Son Tiy thiy din xa nghdo tiing nen thidu
tidn ndp suu. Ba da ty nguyen cho din 400 quan tidn dd btl vao chd suu thud bi thidu. Cim on in

(1) Qudc sii quin tridu Nguydn - Dai nam nhit thdng ehf - NXB KHXH Hi N6i, 1971, T.3, U- 301
(2) Qu6c sir quin tridu Nguyln - Dai nam nha't thdng chi - NXB KHXH H^ N6i, 1971, T.3, tr 302
(3) NhOng guorng mat... Sdd tr 62
(4)SDD,tr61

25


dtic eiia b i , dan lang tren dudi m*dt ldng tdn ba la hau thin"'". Thin tfeb ciia xa Kha Lim buyen
An Lao tinh Kidn An da nggi cdng dire eiia Chieu Chinh cdng ehiia - eon vua Trin Thii Tdng:
"Liy chdng mdi dugc hai nam, chdng ehdt, nang d vay thu tidt thd chdng, sau dd nang cho xiy
chiia, sdm tdi thdp huong thd phat, bd tbf ngudi ngheo, md chg, khuydn kbich dan cham viec
ndng tang, chin bin dudng lao, eihi khd phd nguy, ai cung vui ve"'^'.
Cd thd ndi long nhan ii, bao dung, trgng ngbia tinh dao ly ma bao triim len tit ca la tinh
thuong yeu qu^^ trgng eon ngudi va eude sdng cua con ngudi b ngudi phu nir Viet Nam da due
kdt thinh tir tudng tridt ly tinh thudng sdng ddng trong van boa dan gian, da in sau vao tim
kham ngudi Viet Nam qua bang ngan nam ljch sin
"Biu oi thuong liy bf ciing
Tuy ring khic gidng nhung ehung mdt gian".
Chfnh gii trj van hoi nay da tao ra sire manh eiia tinh thin doan kdt, siic manh cua chii
ngbia nhin van, sire manh eiia sing tao, siie manh ciia tinh thin kien cudng bit kbuit, diu tranh
chdng lai mgi cai xiu, cai ie dd vuon tdi chin, thien, my trong cic quan he giiia c i nhin vdi ca
nhan, ca nhan vdi cdng ddng, giua eon ngudi vdi ty nhien. Day cung la ndn tang cua tinh thin
cdng ddng, eiia le sdng, ndp sdng, trong sing cao ca ttr xua ddn nay vin dugc tlinb gii rit cao
trong cie gii trj van hoi Viet Nam ndi rieng va nhan loai ndi ehung.

3. Can cii va sang tao trong lao dgng, c6 dau 6c thyc te, phu nOf Viet Nam da gop
phan quan trgng trong viec lam giau nhfmg gia trj van boa truyen thdng ciia dan tgc.
Sinb ra va Idn len d mdt dai nude cd thien nhien bao phong nhung lai cung du ddn, eon
ngudi Viet Nam ndi ehung va phu nCr Viet Nam ndi rieng da sdm mang trong minh mdt tinh thin
lao ddng cin eti va sang tao. Ttr eude sdng thyc td, ttr lao ddng hg da tao ra nhihig gii trj van h o i
vat chit va tinh thin phong phii ma cho ddn nay nhung gia trj van hoi dd vdn dugc nhan dan ta
bio tdn vi phit buy. La ngudi ndi trg, phu nir Viet Nam vtra thao, vtra gidi trong viec chd bidn
cic mdn an ttr nhung san phim cua que huong mang dam dac didm tfnb cieb Viet Nam nhu: Cic
loai binh lim tir gao ndp, gao te, cic mdn an dan gia, nhu tuong, ca, dua mudi, tir bang ngan
nam nay la do phu nir sing tao ra va gin giu. Theo tmydn thuydt din gian va mdt sd ban thin
tfch ghi lai thi me Au Co la ngudi sinb ra 100 diia eon ma sau nay hg da trd thinh cic vj td ciia
cic ddng hg tren dit Viet. Me Au Co ciing day cho din trdng Wa, hudng din cho dan trdng tm'a.
Me edn sing chd ra mdt thd' binh ggi la binh udi. Binh udi cd ttr thdi me Au Co, binh ehung cd
ttr thdi Lang Lieu, binh ft cd ttr thdi cd Ut (con gii eiia vua Hung) la nhihig thii binh cd tmydn
cd ljch sir xa xdi nbat. Vd sau cie ba Dam Nuong, Hdng Nuong, Thanh Nuong da nghi ra cic
loai binh trdi, binh dung, binh bdt '''. Cho ddn nay trong cie djp Id tdt, b nhidu noi cic loai
binh nay vin la nhihig mdn an dugc nhidu ngudi ua tbi'eh bdi dd la mdt thir van hoi im thyc dac
sde ciia cu dan ddng bdng Bdc Bd.
Phu nir Viet Nam cung la nhimg ngudi duy trt va bao tdn nhiing gii trj van hoi tmydn
thdng nhu trong cic ngbd thii cdng cd tmydn, trang phuc, cieb det vdi, then boa van... O nhidu
noi nhin din dja phuong da tdn vinh nhihig phu nu dd la td su cua ngbd va dugc chep trong cie
ban thin ti'eh eiia lang. C) cac viing din tdc thidu sd, nhung bd viy, io, khan do ebi'nh ban tay
(l)SDD,ti6l
(2) SDD, tr 61
(3) Vii Ngoc Kliaiili luge truyen Ihrin td cac ngaiili nghd. NXB KHXH 1991, tr 20, 21, 29, 30.

2S


ciia nhiing ngudi phu nii det chdng nhihig da tao nen ban sde van hoi rieng cua mdi tdc ngudi mi

c6n lim phong phu va da dang cho ndn van hoi qudc gia.
Vdi vai trd li ngudi me, ngudi vg, phu niT la ngudi diu tien trong dudng due, nudi day eon
cii. Nhihig Idi hit m, nhthig Ian dieu din ca, sy day dd cua ngudi me da sdm di vio tim hdn diia
tre rdi dugc giii gin va tmydn tir thd he nay sang thd he khic. NbOng con ngudi Viet Nam iy Idn
len da hip tiiu vi mang trong minh h'nh cieb, dao dtic vdi ban sde van hoi rieng ciia din tdc.
Nha bic hgc Le Qu^ Ddn d thd ky 18 da nggi ca ngudi phu nii trong tic phim ciia minh: "Hoang
biu (trie cu bi Thuong - me vua Le Thii Td) kheo giii dao lam vg, thd cha me hdt long hidu
kinh, liy on hue dSi \u vdi hg hang, dung Id ngbia day con chiu, dde biu bao, nghieng bd thdc
m i chu cip cho ngudi ngheo, sdt thuong ke edi ciit, mgi ngudi ddu ca tiing diic tdt ciia hoang
biu'". Trong bd "Dai Nam nhit flidng ebf' hinh anh ngudi phy ntr cung dugc chep lai vdi vai trd
to Idn trong viec day con: "Ba Nguydn Thj Sdu d buyen Quang Didn tinh Thtra Thien. Nim 17
mdi bi liy chdng. Ba da lo toan cung cip cho chdng, khuydn khich dng hgc hinh thi cii. Vi viy
dng da dd hai khoa hi tai. 6ng qua ddi liic ba 25 tiidi nhung ba quydt tam d vay thd chdng nudi
con. Hai con ttr be ddn Idn ludn dugc ba cham nom day dd va khuydn khi'eh hgc hanh. Tuy yeu
thuong va chidu chudng con nhung ba ndi tidng la ngudi me nghiem khdc. Vi vay cic con ba ddu
dd cu nhin va thay nhau lam quan d Hoan Chiu. Nam Ty Diic thiir 36 ba dugc vua bidu duong
tang phong la bic tidt phu va ban cho lua tidn"'^'.
Phu nii Viet Nam chdng nhung da gdp phdn tfeb eye vao viec bao tdn va phit tridn nhthig ydu
td chu ydii trong ndn van hoi vit chit ciia din tdc ma con la lye lugng quan trgng trong viec bao ve
vi phit tridn ndn van boa tinh thin.
Trong cic dieu miia cd tmydn, cie lin dieu din gian, phu nii eting cd vai trd dac biet.
Cudn "H5' phudng phd luc" cua nha bic hgc Luang Thd Vinh d thd ky XV da khdng djnb td su
cua nghe thuit cheo 6 Viet Nam la ba Pham Thi Trin ngudi Hai Duong sdng va boat ddng cheo
tir thdi Dinh. Ngudi phu nii dung diu ngbd cheo nay gidi miia hit, thudng day miia cho quin sy,
dugc phong chiic va dugc tdn la "Huydn nir"'''.
Trong ndn van chuong bic hgc ciia dan tdc, nhihig ngudi phu nir cd tai nang da mang ca
tim hdn va tn tue dd gdp pin phit tridn van hoi dan tdc. Nir si Doan Thj Didm dugc sir sich xua
ghi lai: "Ba li ngudi buyen Van Giang xii' Kinh Bdc. Ba la ngudi hay ehir gidi tho van. Tmdng
hgc ciia ba da dao tao dugc nhidu ngudi dd dat trong dd cd tidn si Dio Duy Doan. Tie phim cua
bi cd Tmydn ky tin phd va ban djch Chinh Phu Ngim ciia Dang Trin Cdn"'*'. Cdn nii thi si Hd

Xuin Huong dugc coi la: "Mdt nha tho nir rit dde dio cudi thdi Hiu Le"<^'.
Tidng ndi cua ngudi phu nir tren didn dan van hgc da gdp phin lam phong phii cho ndn
van hgc nude nha, ddng thdi hg cdn la nhihig tim guong xiy dyng nen dire ti'nh cao dep cua
ngudi con gii Viet Nam.
Hon mudi thd ky dd hd Viet Nam, cie tridu dai phong kidn phuong Bic mudn vinh vidn
bidn Viet Nam thanh quin, buyen cua Tmng Qudc va ddng boa vd mat phong tue, tip quan
nhung chting da vip phai sy khing cy manh me ciia nhin din tren dit nude niy. Sudt chidu dai
(1) Le Qui Ddn - Dai viet thdng sit. NXB KHXH Ha N6i, 1978, tr 18.
(2) Dai nam nhit thdng ehf. Sdd
(3) Tnch theo luge tmydn thin td nginh nghd. Sdd, tr 91.
(4,5) Nhihig guong mat... Sdd, u 269

27


ljch sir dan tdc, phu nii Vict Nam da giu vai trd tfch eye trong vice gin gift, phat buy va nang cao
them nhimg gii tri van boa iruydn ihd'ng ciia dan tgc - dd la long yeu nude, tinh than lao ddng
cin CII, ndp sdng gian dj, thuy ehung, Idng nhfm ai, vj iha, biei an nbfmg ngudi cd cdng vdi nude
vdi ling... Didu nay da gdp phan to li'm lam that bai am muu eiia ke thii.
Chung ta dang dimg trude ngudng cira ciia thd ky 21, dit nude Viet Nam dang chuydn
bidn ttmg ngay. Nhung nhung gia trj van boa Iruydn thdng eiia dan tdc vdn khdng ngtmg dugc
bao tdn va phit tridn. Bdi vi nd cd vai trd dac biet quan trgng ddi vdi sy phit tridn bdn vung cua
dit nude ta trong giai doim mdi. Dimg nhu NQ Hdi ngbj lin thii 5 BCHTW Dang khoi 8 vd
"Xiy dyng va phat tridn ndn van boa Viet Nsmi lien lien, dam da ban sde din tdc" da khang djnh.
Tdi lieu tham khdo
1. Ngd Si Lien - Dai Viel sir ky loan ihu - NXB KHXH Ha Ndi 1993, lap 1, 2, 3
2. Le Quy Ddn - Dai Viet thdng sir - NXB KHXH Ha Ndi 1978.
3. Qudc sir quan tridu Nguyen - Dai niun nbat thdng ebf - NXB KHXH Ha Ndi 1971 tap 1,
2, 3, 4, 5.
4. PTS Dd Thj Hao ehii bien Nhfmg guong mat phu nfr Viet Nam (qua tu lieu Han ndm) NXBKHHXHaNdi 1996.

5. VQ Ngge Khanh - Luge truyen than td cie nganh ngbd. NXB KHHX 1991.
6. van kien Hoi nghi Ian thir 5 BCHTW khoa 8 - NXB Chfnh trj Qui-t'c gia Ha Ndi 1998.
7. Hd Chf Minh toan tap - lap 3 - NXB Chfnh tri Qudc gia Ha Ndi 1995.
SUMMARY
Vietnamese women's role in creating, reinforcing, developing and conserving the
features of the naticmal culture as indicated in some ancient materials
Vietnam is a country which have an agelong history and culture. The Vietnamese from
very early lime built their particular cultural fealurea, those have created for the nation a steady
standing position and acted as the iactor helped lo generate power and motivation for the
country's socio-economic development. As an important labour force, Vietnamese women have
contributed significantly lo ihe lomialion, tievelopmcnl and maintaining the features of the
national culture since long ago. Their eonlribulion has been complimenled by the whole nation
and memorized in ancient history books. Within the scope of this report, in terms of culture
aspect, we would like to realtimi the Vietnamese women's great contribution through the proofs
gathered from some ancient materials as follows:
1. Vietnamese women are keen patriots with the will of national self-reliance.
2. Vietnamese women have helped create the spirit olbumanitarianism, tolerance and
morality - one of Ihe national eiillure features - for thousands years now.
3. Working hard and inilialively, Ihinking practically, Vietnamese women have given
important contribution lo ihe enrichmenl of traditional values of the Vietnamese euluiie.

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