An introduction to petroleum engineering (cơ sở kỹ THUẬT dầu KHÍ SLIDE TIẾNG ANH)

Course

Introduction to
Petroleum Engineering

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Chapter 1

An Introduction to

Petroleum Engineering

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Contents
 Definitions and terminology
 A brief history of petroleum industry
 Vietnam’s petroleum industry
 The role of petroleum industry
 The field life cycle

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Learning outcomes
Understand the basic definitions and terminology in petroleum
industry.
Know the history of petroleum industry.
List the historical events of Vietnam’s petroleum industry
Evaluate the important role of petroleum industry in modern
life.
Differentiate the phases of field life cycle and it’s
characterization.

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Definitions and terminology
hydrocarbon:
A naturally occurring organic
compound comprising hydrogen
and carbon. Hydrocarbons can be
as simple as methane [CH4], but
many
are
highly
complex
molecules, and can occur as gases,
liquids or solids. The molecules
can have the shape of chains,

branching chains, rings or other
structures. Petroleum is a
complex mixture of hydrocarbons.
The most common hydrocarbons
are natural gas, oil and coal.
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Definitions and terminology
crude oil:
Crude oil is an organic liquid substance often found below the
Earth’s surface. It is made up of thousands of molecules
composed of different hydrogen and carbon atoms. Such
compounds are called hydrocarbons.
These hydrocarbons also contain different proportions of
impurities like oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and heavy metal atoms.

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Definitions and terminology
petroleum:
The word ‘petroleum’ is derived from the Latin petra (which
means rock) and oleum (which means oil). It is commonly used
to refer to crude oil, but it may also refer to other related
hydrocarbons.

Some hydrocarbons are gaseous, rather than liquid. Methane is
the most common example of these hydrocarbon gases. This is
the kind of natural gas that we most often use in our kitchens at
home.

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Definitions and terminology

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Definitions and terminology
stock tank barrel:
A measure of the volume of treated oil stored in stock tanks. A
stock tank barrel is commonly abbreviated as STB.
1 Barrel [US, Oil] = 158.987295 Liters
1 Barrel [Oil] = 42 Gallons [US, Oil]

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Definitions and terminology

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Definitions and terminology
API gravity:
A specific gravity scale developed by the American Petroleum
Institute (API) for measuring the relative density of various
petroleum liquids, expressed in degrees. API gravity is gradated
in degrees on a hydrometer instrument and was designed so that
most values would fall between 10° and 70° API gravity. The
arbitrary formula used to obtain this effect is:
API gravity = (141.5/SG at 60°F) - 131.5
where SG is the specific gravity of the fluid.

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Definitions and terminology
Crude oil can be classified as either light or heavy depending on
its API gravity (or density). Generally, the higher its API gravity,
the lower its density.
light oil:
Oil that is lighter in colour, has a thin consistency and flows
easily usually contains less metals and sulphur compounds.
heavy oil:

Oil that is high in metal and sulphur content is considered lowgrade oil. It generally has too much carbon, not enough
hydrogen and is more timeconsuming to produce and hard to
refine.

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Definitions and terminology

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Definitions and terminology
Crude oil can also be classified as either sour or sweet,
depending on the amount of sulphur it contains.
sour oil:
Oil with a high sulphur content (0.5% and above, by weight) is
considered sour.
sweet oil:
Sweet crude oil, on the other hand, has low amounts of these
sulphur compounds.

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Definitions and terminology
Reference crude oil:
Some common crude oil types are used as a reference or
benchmark to determine the value of other crude oils. Some of
these reference crude oils are:
 Brent Blend
A blend of several crude oils from fields in the North Sea region,
located above Germany and the United Kingdom. The price of oil
produced in Africa, Europe and the Middle East tends to be based
on this oil.

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Definitions and terminology

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Definitions and terminology
 Dubai-Oman:
Used as a benchmark for Middle East sour crude oil flowing to
the Asia-Pacific region.
 Tapis Crude:
Oil produced in Malaysia that is used as a reference for light oil

from East Asia.
 West Texas Intermediate (WTI):
A very high-quality, sweet, light oil produced in North America.

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A brief history of petroleum industry

Drake Well Museum

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A brief history of petroleum industry

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Vietnam’s petroleum industry

President Ho Chi Minh visit to petroleum industrial park in Bacu – Azecbaijan (July, 23th, 1959)

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Vietnam’s petroleum industry

Signing ceremony of Vietnam - Soviet Union cooperation agreements on petroleum exploration
and production in Vietnam southern continental shelf in Kremlin, Moskva (July, 3rd, 1980)

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Vietnam’s petroleum industry

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Vietnam’s petroleum industry

Main oil fields in Vietnam
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Vietnam’s petroleum industry

The White Tiger oilfield is a major oil field in the Cuu Long basin
of the East Sea located offshore due east of the Mekong Delta of
Vietnam. The field contains major reserves hosted within highly
fractured granitic basement rocks.

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The role of petroleum industry
Crude oil is a central part of modern life and the world’s most
important energy resource. We rely on it in many ways for the
food we eat, the clothes we wear and the electronics we use at
home and in the workplace. Without oil, we would not be able to
continue to enjoy the same standard of living.

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