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<b>I- GIAO HOI C d DOC PHUC LAM </b>
<b>TREN THE GlOl </b>
<b>1. N g u o n goc hinh t h a n h </b>
Su trd lai trai dat hay "phuc lam" cila
Chua Giesii - mot dfle tin cfle ki quan
trong va Itl niem hi vong ldn lao ciia tat
ca cac tfn dd Kitd giao dfltic thfle tinh mot
each rdng nii. trd thanh phong trao d My
vao nhflng thap men dilu the ki XIX lam
cd sd cho sfl phuc bUng tdn gitio. NgUdi
sang lap lii W. Miller, tuy khdng dUtic dao
tao chinh quy d mot trUdng thdn hoc.
nbUng vdi dfle tin sau sac. W. Miller rat
say sfla nghien cflu Kinh Thanh, trong dd
dng dac biet chu trong cac Idi lien tri
trong Danien va Khai huyen cila Kinh
Thanh. Qua nghien cflu. W. Miller tuyen
bd' mdt each tin tfldng ning Chua Kitd se
tai lam viio khoang tfl 21 thang 3 nam
1843 de'n 21 thiing 3 mim 1844.
Ldi lien tri cua W. Miller tren thfle te
khdng dien ra. mot sd ngu'di that vong.
chan nan quay ve Hoi thanh cu cua minh
hoac tfl bd ban niem tin Kitd giiio. Ong W.
Miller thfinh that xin Idi moi ngfldi \a trfldc
day cd sfl nhdm lan trong tfnh toan. Sau
dd. tren cd sd nghien cflu ti mi eac dau hieu
trong Kinh Thanh, W. Miller lai dfla ra ldi
tien doan thfl hai, rang Chua Kitd se tai
lam viio ngay 20 thang 10 nam 1884. The
<b>NGUYEN D.ANG BAN'"' </b>
rdi ngiiy dd qua di mot each binh thfldng.
<b>Tuy nhien. ehflng ta thaj^ trong hch sil ton </b>
giao Idi tien tri that bai khdng cd nghia la tdn
giao that bai. Ca hai Idn dfla ra Idi tien doan
ve sfl trd lai ciia Chua Kitd cila W. Miller sup
dd nhung phong trao Cd Doc Phuc lam van
phat trien manh me. Den nam 1845 nhflng
ngfldi theo giao thuyet Miller da to ehflc Dai
hoi ddng tai Albany, New York de dfla ttSi
\'iec ra ddi mot be phai mdi cua dao Tin
<i>Lanh: CpDdc Phuc lam (Adventist). </i>
Khi phong trao Cd Ddc Phuc lam phat
trien manh cflng la Iflc xuat hien nhflng
bat ddng ve hoc thuyet. Ngay le Sabath
\'fio ngay nao - ngay thfl nhat hay ngay
thfl bay. ngiiy chu nhat hay ngay thfl
<i>- Gido hpi CPDO'C Phue Idm </i>
(jiiio bdi Cd Ddc Phuc lam dfldc hinh
thiinh sdm hdn ca - ngay tfl nhflng mim
18:^0 • 1840 khi ma dng W. Miller ehfla
nghi den viec thanh laj) td chfle rieng.
Ngudi ddng vai trd quan trong trt)ng vice
hinh thanh td chfle Giao hdi vii xily dung
li thuye't rieng tren nen tang Chua tiii
lam efla W. Miller la dng George Stors va
Charles F. Hudson.
Nhflng tfn dd Gitio hdi Cd Ddc Phuc
lam khdng bai long vdi quan niem ve sfl
bat tfl ciia linh hdn (dfla theo thuye't
thudn tuy Platon) va dfla ra khai niem
tinh trang vd thfle cila tat ca ngfldi chet
cho den khi phuc sinh va sfl bie'n mat ciia
ke ac vi nd ddi lap vdi ngfldi dau khd ddi
ddi. Cd hai le dUtic Giao hoi Cd Ddc Phuc
lam thiic hien la le Riia tdi bdng each dim
minh xud'ng nUdc va le Tiec thanh. Le
Sabath dUcic thiic hien vao ngay thfl nhat
trong tudn.
<i>- Dqi hpi dong Gido hpi eua Chua </i>
Td ehflc Dai hoi ddng Giao bdi cua
Chua la san pham tU nhien efla nhflng
nhdm Cd Doc Phtac lam ddc lap d cac dia
phfldng tren dat My dUtic binh thanh vao
gifla the ki XIX - chu yeu trong cdng ddng
ngfldi Anh di cU. Vi cflng dUc tin manh
liet vao ngay tai lam cila Chua Kitd nen
ho da hfip vdi nhau vao nam 1888 tai
Philadelphia.
Kinh Thanh dUtic chap nhan lii chuan
mile tdi thUting cua dUc lin. Thuyet ve
Chua Kilo tiii lam va thuyet "ngan niim
binh an" dUtic nhan manh mot each cUdng
quye't. Ho cho rang vUdng qudc cua Chua
phai dUclc hieu theo dung nguyen van
(Kinh Thanh), biit ddu d Jerusalem khi
Dang Christ tai lam va md rdng ra tat ca
cac qudc gia, sU phuc sinh la phdn thUdng
cila Thien Chua cho nhUng ngUdi cdng
chfnh d the gian.
<i>- Gido hpi Cd Doc Phuc Idm Ngdy thd </i>
<i>Bay (Cd Doc Phuc lam An that nhat). </i>
Nam 1845 xutl't hien mdt nhdm ngUdi
tin rdng 2.300 nam ndi trong tien tri
Giito hdi Cd Dd'c Phuc lam Ngay thfl Bay
mdi dflcic cbfnh ibUc thfla nhan khi le
Sabath vao ngay thfl bay dUtic thilc hien
phd bien trd thanh diem rieng biet ciia
Giao bdi. Nhflng nha If luan ddng vai trd
quan trong trong viec xay dting giao thuye't
Cd Dd'c Phuc lam Ngay thfl Bay la cac dng
Joseph Bates, James White, Hiram Edson.
Frederick Wheeler, S.W. Rhodes va dac
biet la ba Ellen Gould White - vci cila dng
James White. Rieng ba Ellen Gould White
(1844-1915) khdng chi dfldc tfn dd Cd Doc
Phuc lam Ngay thfl Bay ma cac Giao hoi
khac cua Tin Lanh Cd Dd'c Phuc lam biet
den qua sach vd cua ba luan ve gido thuyet
<i>Chua Kitd tai lam, nhfl: Net but ddu tay </i>
<i>(1851), Ldi chdng cho Hpi thdnh (1855), </i>
<i>Thien de ddu tranh (1858), Nguyen tide </i>
<i>muon ddi, Tien tri vd vua chua. Con diicfng </i>
<i>gidi thodt, v.v... tdng cong 53 quyen vdi </i>
khoang 50 ngim trang. Dd la chUa ke
khoang 5.000 bai bao ba Ellen Gould While
viet ve cac van de tdn giao. viin boa xii hoi.
Giao hoi Cd Dd'c Phuc lam Ngay thU
Bay la Giao hdi cd td chUc ldn mtmb nhat
trong cac giao hdi cua he phai Cd Dd'c
Phuc lam, cd cd cau td chUc chat che,
thd'ng nhat, giao If, luat le, le nghi rd
rang, dia ban tfn dd cd d nhieu nUdc,
trong dd tfn dd Cd Dd'c Phuc lam Viet
Nam thudc Giao hoi nay. Chinh vi vay
chung tdi di sau nghien cUu, tim hieu va
gidi thieu gitio giiio If, luat le, le nghi, cd
cau td chUc cila Giao hoi nay.
<i><b>2. Giao li, luat le, le nghi, cd cau to </b></i>
<b>chiic cua he phai Cd Doc Phuc lam </b>
<b>Ngay thuf Bay </b>
<i><b>2.1. Gido li, ludt le, le nghi </b></i>
dii soan ra 22 tfn dieu can ban lam tuyen
xflng dUc tm cua Giao hdi. Ne'u so vdi cac
giao hoi Cd Dd'c Phuc lam khiic. Cd Dd'c
Phuc lam Ngay thfl Bay td ra bao ihil hdn
trong quan niem ve sfl bat tii ciia linh
hdn. Theo ho. linh hdn se cbe't nhfl the
xac. rang tat ca con ngiidi dUtJc phuc sinh
ngay sau chdt, va sU bat tfl dimb cho
Nhu tren da neu, diem khac biet can
ban giUa Cd Dd'c Phuc lam Ngay thfl Bay
vdi cite Gitio hoi Cd Dd'c Phuc lam khac la
thtic hien le Sabath vao ngay thfl Bay. Ho
cho rang nhfl vay la thfle hien dung dan
<i>ldi ran thfl tfl cila Thien Chua: "Sdu ngdy </i>
<i>mdy lao dpng... Nhiing ngdy thd Bay Id </i>
<i>ngdy le Sabath cua Thupng De chung </i>
<i>mdy". Do dac diem le ngay thfl Bay nen </i>
Guio hoi nay cd ten goi Giao hoi Cd Dd'c
Phuc lam Ngay thfl Bay (Seventh day
Adventist). d Viet Nam cdn goi la "Cd Dd'c
Giao hoi Cd Dd'c Phuc lam Ngay thfl
Bay rat quan tam den ndi thd tU (thanh
dUdng), coi dd la ngdi nha, la den thd cila
Chfla Thiinh hnh (Chua Thanh thdn). bdi
the hp rat Iran trong va gifl gin ndi thd tfl
nhfl cd the con ngfldi. Nhflng ngfldi Cd
Dd'c Phuc lam Ngay thfl Bay cd mot cuoc
sdng nghiem khac. kieng cfl cac chat kich
thfeh: rUdu. bia, thud'c la, ca phe, khieu
vu. v.v... va ca cac dd an thfle udng cd
chfla cac loai dfldc pham.
<i>2.2. Ca cdu td ehdc </i>
Khdng gidng ciie he phai Tin Ltinh va
cac Gido hoi Cd Dd'c Phuc lam khac, Cd
Ddc Phuc lam Ngay thfl Bay xay dflng va
duy tri bo may td chfle kha chat che va
thd'ng nhat tren pham vi the gidi. vdi mim
cap giao hoi:
1. Tdng hdi Toan cau la cd quan Trung
Udng cua Giao hoi, dudi sU dieu banh ciia
Ban chap hanh, trong dd cd ba chfle danh
chu cbd't: Tdng hdi trfldng, Tdng thfl kf va
Thil quy. Ban Chap banh do Dai hcli dai
bieu bdu ra vdi nhiem ki nam nam. Tru
2. Tdng hoi khu vfle - mang tfnh chat
lien hiep. Cd tat ca 10 khu vfle.
3. Lien hiep hoi - mang tinh chat lien
hiep. Cd tat ca 98 lien hiep hdi.
4. Dia hat - dfldc coi la mot cap htinh
chi'nb chfnh thfle cila Giiio hdi. Cd tat ca
437 dia hiat.
5. Chi hoi (Hoi thanh, nha thd) - ddn vi
cd sd cua Giiio hoi. Cd tat ca 27.117 chi
hoi.
Dai Hoi ddng Toan cdu Tdng hoi didn
ra 4 nam mot ldn. Dili hpi ddng Tdng hoi
2 nam mot ldn, tuy theo hoan canh ciia
moi nflde ma cd cii ngfldi tham dfl hay
khdng.
hoat ddng rdng nhat so vdi ctic td ehflc Cd
Dd'c Phuc lam khac. Giao hdi Cd Dd'c
Phuc lam Ngay thfl Bay chu trong de'n
cac boat ddng truyen ba Phuc am, xuat
1.043 diem va hai chfldng trinh truyen
hinh "Dfle tin cho ngay nay" (vdi 92 diem
tiep sdng) vii "Dd la Kmh Thiinh" (vdi 100
diem tie'p sdng). Giao hdi cdn cd mot loat
cac trUdng diii hoc, cao diing, giao due phd
thdng. O My, Giao hoi nay hd trci cho 51
trUdng dao tao y tii. 716 trUdng cao diing
va trung hoc, 4.583 trUdng lieu hoc.
Rieng d mien nam nUde My cd 2 trUdng
dao tao giao si. 2 trUdng dai hoc. 8 trudng
cao dang.
<b>II- GIAO HOI C d DOC PHUC LAM </b>
<b>VIET NAM (SEVENTH - DAY </b>
<b>ADENTIST CHURCH OF VIET NAM) </b>
<b>1. Nguon goc, qua trinh tham </b>
<i><b>nhap, phat trien d Viet Nam </b></i>
Giao hoi Cd Dd'c Phuc lam la be phai
Tin Lanh dflng thfl hai vc thdi gian
truyen giiio viio Viet Nam (1929). Giao
hdi Cd Dd'c Phuc lam Viet Nam (cdn goi la
Giao hdi Cd Dd'c Phuc lam An that nhat
Viet Nam, Giao hdi Cd Dd'c Phuc Lam
Ngay thfl Bay Viet Nam) la dia hat cua
Lien hiep hoi Ddng Nam A trong cd cau
Giao hcli Totin cdu cua Guio hoi Cd Dd'c
Phuc lam (tru sd tai My). Giito hdi Cd Ddc
Phuc lam An that nhat dia hat Viet Nam
hoan loan doe lap ve ttii chinh va dieu
himh ddi vdi td chfle Giao bdi Toiin cau vii
ciic Id chfle khac. Dia hat Viet Nam cbi
hiep thdng vdi Toim ciiu Tdng hdi vii ciic
td ehflc khiic ve boat ddng trong tflng giai
dotm cu the.
Tfl niim 1915 Lien hiep hoi Cd Dd'c
Phuc lam Ngay thfl Biiy Hoa Xam goi tat
la Lien hiep hdi Hoa Nam (sau ddi thanh
Lien hiep bdi Ma Lai. tfle Lien hiep hoi
Ddng Nam A ngay nay) dii cfl mot sd giao
si nhu Dudng ThUting Phien (Dtii Loan).
Tan Kia Ou (Trung Hoa), R.M. Milne
1930 ngdi nhii nguyen dim lien cua Cd
Dd'c Phuc ham dUdc xay diing tai Tn Tdn.
Chau Dd'c (Tay Nam Bd).
Sabath vao ngay thfl bay - do F.L. Pickett
lam Hoi trfldng. Sau dd mot sd cd sd tdn
giao, cd sci xti hoi dfldc thimb lap nhfl
TrUdng Thanh kinh Thdn hoc d Gia Dinh
(nam 1939); Nha in Thdi Trieu cdn goi la
"Thdi Trieu An Quiin" (1939) phuc vu in
an sach dao, y te, giao due; nha thd Phfl
Nhuan - trii sd ciia Giao bdi; 2 trfldng
tieu hoc, 1 tram y te tai Cdn Thd, trUdng
Sabath d Di Linh vii Ha Noi, v.v... Thdi
gian nay. hai muc sU Hoi thanh Tin Lanh
Viet Nam la Trdn Xuan Phan va Le Van
Ngo gia nhap Cd Dd'c Phiic lam Ngay thfl
Bay da keo them nhieu tfn do di theo.
Nhflng nam 1954-1975 la giai doan
phat trien cfle thinh ciia td ehflc Cd Dd'c
Phuc lam d Viet Nam. Theo so lieu cila
Giito hoi, nam 1975, Cd Doc Phuc lam d
Viet Nam cd khoang hdn 30 ngan tfn dd,
35 muc sfl, truyen dao, 43 chi hoi, trong
dd cd ba chi hoi vung dan toe Cdho, d Da
Lat, Ve phfldng dien truyen giao, Giao
hdi Cd Ddc Phtae lam cd mot Trfldng Kinh
Thiinh dao tao muc sfl, truyen dao, cd cac
"trUdng Sabath" d cac cbi hoi, cd chUdng
trinh truyen giao vdi ten goi la "Tie'ng ndi
Hi Vong" phat tren sdng ciia 10 dai phat
thanh nhU: Sai Gdn, Nha Trang, Da Lat,
Da Niing, Hue, v.v... mot nha in ldn dUtJc
trang hi hien dai vdi sd lUiing ldn cac an
pham kinh siich. "thfl bao truyen dao"
phiit banh hang nam, Iflc lfl(3ng thfl bito
cd de'n 104 ngfldi. boat dong khong met
mdi khap Nam Bo. dfltic danh giii lii
"hung hau nhat" Lien hiep hoi Ddng Nam
A. Ngoai ra, Giao hoi Cd Dd'c Phuc lam
Vict Nam cdn cd nhieu cd sd viin hoa xti
bdi khac nhU: mtit chi nhanh Dtii hoc
dUdng Ddng Nam A. mot trUdng Trung
bcjc Cd Dd'c Siii Gdn vii 18 IrUdng trung
hoc, tieu hoc. melt benh vien vdi khoang
40 giUdng benh dUtJc trang bi dung cu y
te ddy dil va hien dai. 20 trUdng sabath.
cd sd nudi day tre md cdi, nudi day cd nhi
tai gia, v.v...
Ngoai cdng tac truyen dao, md rdng tfn
dd. Giito hoi Cd Dd'c Phuc lam cdn ddng
gdp tfch cUc vao cdng tac tfl thien xa hoi
nhfl cflu trd, ilng ho tinh thdn, vat chat
cho xay dilng cd nhi vien, benh vien,
trUdng hoc, v.v... Cd quan phat trien va
cflu trf3 Cd Dd'c Phuc lam (Adventists
Development and Relief Agency
International - ADRA) da boat ddng ra't
tfch cUc tfl niim 1956 de'n niim 1975.
<b>2. Ve d a c d i e m giao li, luat le, le </b>
<b>nghi va to chiic Giao hoi </b>
khdng b a y biet gi. se ndm ytm trong md lu'
khi chet den khi dfltic phuc .sinh. Tin rdng
se cd sfl phuc sinh cho nhflng ngfldi cdng
binh va k h d n g cdng binh; sU phuc smh cho
ngUdi cdng binh se thiic hien trUdc vao luc
dang Cd Ddc Phuc lam. va sii jihuc sinh
ngUdi k h d n g cdng binh se dien ra sau tld
mot ngan mim. viio luc chil'm dUt thdi ki
ngan nam. Tin n i n g ke khdng hdi cai sau
cflng se bi huy tliet bdi Ifla de trd ve tinh
ndi cU ngtj v m h vien cua ciic thiinh, cua
Dfle C h u a Trdi.
Ve miil Id chfle. sau niim 1954. Cti Dtic
P h u c lam d Viet N a m chfnh thUf dutjc gt)i
111 Giiio hoi Cd Ddc Phiic liim .An t h a t
n h a t Viet N a m va hi cap dia hat cua Lii'n
hiep boi Ddng N a m A trong cd can Guio
hoi Toiin cim cua Gitio hdi Cd Ddc Phuc
liim. Limh dao Gitio hoi Cd Dd'c Phuc lam
ti Viel N a m hi mtit Ban Tri sii gdm mot
Htji trUting. mot tiiiim If. mot t h u kf vii 11
uy vien p h u triich ciic cdng viec chuyen
mdn: T r u d n g S a b a t h . Tfn bflu t r u y e n diio.
T h u biio t r u y e n dao. T h a n h nien va tiet
che. Chien t r a n h . Tu i h u . Giiio te. Tieng
ndi hi vong. iin Itiiil. Giiio due. Y le.
<b>3. Thiic t r a n g t i n h h i n h Cof Doc </b>
<b>P h u c lam h i e n nay of Viet N a m </b>
Hien nay, Giao hoi Cd Doc Phuc lam
Viet Nam cd 16,387 tfn dd, 07 muc sU,
trUdng lao, giam muc, 102 chap sU,
Do nhieu nguyen nhan ca chu quan va
khiich quan, sau 1975 de'n trUde khi cd
Phap lenh tfn ngUdng, tdn giao (2004),
cac boat dong cila Giao hdi gan nhU cdm
ehflng. khdng phat trien dfltic tfn dd va
thfldng dfltic chfnh quyen dia phfldng mac
dinh vi cac boat ddng ddn thudn ve ton
giao va chap hanh phap luat tot. Tfnh tfl
nam 1976 de'n 2008 Gitio hoi chfla td chfle
dUtic Dai hdi ddng d cap toan dao. mot so
thanh vien Ban Quan tri cu vi tudi gia da
qua ddi. do vay thanh phdn Ban Quan tri
thdi gian dai chu ye'u la nhflng ngfldi
Phuc lam theo tinh than Phap lenh tfn
ngfldng, tdn giao va Nghi dinh
22/2005/ND-CP ngay 1/3/2005 ciia Chfnh
phii ve hfldng dan thi hanh mot sd dieu
Phap lenh tfn ngUdng. ton giao.
DUde sii chap thuan ciia Ban Tdn giao
Chfnh phil va UBND Tp Hd Chf Mmh, tfl
22-24/10/2008 tai Tp Hd Chf Minh, Giao
hoi Cd Dd'c Phuc lam Viet Nam td chfle
Din hoi ddng lan thfl nhat nhiem ki
2008-2012 vdi chu de "Hay dflng day va di"
(Gid sue 1:2). Ndi dung chfnh cila Dili hdi
ddng la Bdi Iinh, thdng qua Hie'n chfldng,
giao luat ki luat. quy che muc sfl, bdu
Ban Quan tri va Ke'hoach cong tac nhiem
ki 2008-2012. Ban Quan tri mdi gdm 13
ngfldi, muc sfl Trdn Cdng Tan dfltSe bau
lam Hoi trudng, muc sfl Trdn Thanh
Truyen lam Tdng thfl kf, ba Nguyen Thi
Bach Tuyet lam Tdng Thu quy. Tren cd
sd ke't qua ciia Dai bdi ddng. thfla uy
quyen cua Thu tfldng Chfnh phii; y kien