Vài nét về nghệ thuật điêu khắc đình làng ở Bắc Bộ

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TLf LlglJ T R O N f i NI frlP.

<i><b>VAl NET \ t NGUt</b></i>

<b> T U L A T </b>

<i>• m </i>

<b>DIEU KHAC DINH i^NG 6 BAC B(D </b>

HOANG VAN KHOAN - NGUVfiN DtTC K I £ N

D

inh lang la ngdi nha chung cua mdt

edng ddng cu din, noi cd kdt tinh
ling nghTa xdm, la mdt yd'u td hidn
hflu cfla vin hda Idng xa Vidt Nam. Dinh xuit
hidn khd sdm d midn Bie Vidt Nam, nhung vdi
dinh ling hidn bidt, da sd dupe xiy dyng vio
TK XVn, nhidu nhit cd nidn dai Cliinh Hda
(I680-I7O5) dudi thdi Ld Hy Tdng. Co thd ndi
TK XVII la thdky cua dinh ling, vide phat fl-idn
dinh ling keo theo su phit tridn eao dd nghd
ihuai didu khie kidn trflc. Didu khdc cd mdi d
cac cdng trinh khac nhu ddn, nghe, chfla...,
nhung khdng d ddu nd dupc bieu hidn het minh
nhu d dinh ling. Didu khde kien true dinh Id
mdt kho tang phong phu phan dnh sinh ddng
ddi sdng hidn thyc va tdm hdn ngudi ndng ddn
Vidt Nam. Nd mang linh ddn gian, ling man va

<i>Ltpn kSu con ktidc </i>

diSu khdc dinh Phdt L^, Thai Thyv. Thai Binh

nhin vin sdu sic. Chung tdi gidi thidu dudi ddy
3 biic cham cu thd d ba ngdi dlnh TK XVII.

Bflc cham trdn cdn bdn phai cua gian gifla
dinh Phil Ldc thude xa Thii Giang, huydn Thai
Thuy, tinh Thii Binh, md ta mdt ngudi phy nfl
lay phai cim chide mdi xfle cho Ion in, tay trdi
<i>bdeon vd cho con bu. Ddy Id bfle cham in •$ di </i>
ngudi xem tim ra dap sd, ty kd't Iudn, mdl phong
each nghd ihuai ma ngay nay dupc sfl dung khd
<i>phd bidn. Ngudi ddn thdm dinh thd'y canh Icni </i>

<i><b>kiu, con khdc lidn doe lidp chdng doi ldm tern. </b></i>

Thd li bflc eham da dat dupc y ludng cua nha
nghd sT. Ba ddi tupng; chdng, con, Ipn ddu cd
nhu eiu cip thid't, lai xay ra ddng thdi ma ngUdi
phu nfl cin dap flng. Qua bflc cham, nhi nghd
sT da Idt ta kha sdu sdc ndi khd cua ngudi din
bi ndng thdn dudi chd dp phong kidn.

Mdt bflc cham khae
khic d keo diu hdi dinh
Thach Ldi, huydn Cim
Giang. tinh Hai Duong
da ta mdl ngudi phy nfl
bdeon quay mdt vd mdl
bdn. sau lung la mdt
ching trai Iim let nhin
trdm ngudi ddn bi.

Nhin din dia phuong
<i>gpi li thdng ngd con di. </i>
Trong bii vidl cua
Nguydn Thi Tuin Tfl
<i><b>vdi diu dd Nghe thudt </b></i>
<i><b>cham khdc tren kien </b></i>
<i><b>trdc dinh ldng TK </b></i>
<i><b>XVII d chdu tho sdng </b></i>

<i>Hdng dang trong lap </i>
<i><b>ehi Di sdn vdn hda sd 3 </b></i>

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<b>TH6II6 Till VAN Hr^A NflHP T H U A T </b>

<i>Gdlm^tcon </i>

<b>didu kh^c dinh Thpch L&i, Cdm Gidng, Hdi Duong </b>

(28) - 2009 dd cdt bd chang u-ai chi dd lai ngudi
<i>phu nfl bd con vi dd Ii Mdu id. Cii hai;? kidn </i>
trdn khdng phan dnh ndi dung bfle eham.
<i>Chung tdi dat Idn eho bflc cham ndy li Gdi mdt </i>

<i>con. Biic eham ehi cd mdt phu nfl bdeon vi mdl </i>

chdng trai. Nha nghd sT da midu la mdi ngudt
mdt ve. Ngudi phu nfl bdeon quay mdt di bidu
Id sy phan flng nhe nhdng, to ra mdt ngudi d i
ed chdng con ma vin gifl dupc ndt chinh
chuydn vi dflc hanh. Cdn chang trai, nghd sT lai

midu ta cich khic. Chi miy nhdt due don gian
ldi la cdp mil dim dudi nhin ngudi dep. Trong
thyc id cudc sdng, ngudi phu nfl sau khi sinh
con thay ddi vd sinh Ij', thin thd nd nang, da de
hdng hio, dep hon thi eon gai. Din gian cd ciu

<i><b>gdi mdt con trdng mdn eon mdt. Khdng phai chi </b></i>

cd chdng trai dd, cdl dep ai md ching mudn
nhin. Bflc cham da thd hidn mdt tinh nhin vin
khd sdu sic.

Bflc cham thfl ba khie trdn edn gian gifla d
dinh Hung Ldc, huydn NghTa Hung, tinh Nam
Djnh. Tie gia Nguydn Bich dit Idn eho bflc
<i>cham niy la Bd'n nu cudi, chflng tdi ddng y tdn </i>
gpi bflc cham dd cua Nguydn Bich. Nu cudi
Vidl Nam la mdl die didm vdn hda: eudi mim.

cudi duydn, cudi nhat, cudi thim, cudi ddu.,.
Din gian tdng kdt cd 36 nu eudi, nhd nghd sT
chpn mdt sy vide ed bdn nu cudi khie nhau.
Ching trai bd ngudi phu nfl ngdi ldn dfli, gio
<i>lay vdi ldi thiin ddng; anh ta dflng lai bdi </i>
<i>ngudi phu nfl kia da ndm dupe cua ng cua </i>
ngudi din dng. Ning cudi thim irong bung to
ra khoii lae. Ching trai nd nu cudi mim,
khdng nhi'eh mdp, mit lim dim td ra sung
sudng. Ngudi ngdi bdn canh gia ngdn tay tro
ehi vio mdt ching trai kia nd nu cudi chd didu,

midng cudi toe todt. dd Id ca ham rdng cua.
Cdn mdl ngudi khdc dflng canh liy lay bung
midng m i eudi.

Cd ngudi eho bflc cham mang ndi dung
phdn thyc. Song ndu nhin khii quit ndi dung
didu khie dinh ling TK XVII ngay ca TK XVI.
XVlll. XIX ehu ydu phan anh hidn Ihyc cuflc
sdng mang tinh ddn gian, dac bidt TK XVII ta
Ihudng gdp: ngudi di eiy, di eiy, sin bin, ddnh
cd, dinh vdt, chpi ga, chpi U-iu, cheo thuydn,
dudi hd, chdng ngudi Idm xidc, quan hd nam
nfl, phd bidn li rdng vd nhflng didn tich thin
thoai nhu e i chdp hda rdng, dam cudi chudt.

<i><b>B^rv^cudl </b></i>

<b>didu kh6c dinh Hung L$c, NghTa Hung, Nam Djnh </b>

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bai td vinh quy... chua thd'y mdl bflc eham trd
ndo mang ydu id phdn thyc.

Nhin vdo bfle eham bd'n nu cudi, thoat diu
<i>la cam thiy tuc, nhung lai rit thanh. Nd chfla </i>
dung mdl ndi dung chdng dao dflc gia ddi ciia
phong kidn manh me. Tridu dinh cho dd'n quan
lai li'y dao dflc Nho giio dd ring bude ngudi
ndng din vio khudn phdp.

Gdp Kidu Nguydt Nga, Lue Van Tidn vdi

xua lay:

<i>Khoan khoan ngdi dd chd ra </i>
<i>Ndng Id phdn gdi, ta Id phgn trai </i>

Trong lue dd:

<i>Bd binh, bd hd, bd hinh </i>
<i>Ba bd ddng tinh bdp vii con tdi </i>

Cd nhflng dng vua hoang ddm vd dd, ra ydt
ttidu khdng ngdi dupe, phai ndm - ngpa tridu.
Ngupc lai mdt ngudi con gai khdng chdng md
chfla thi eao trpe diu bdi vdi, bdu ridu gifla dinh
ling. Nhdn ddn bdnh vyc ngay:

<i>Khdng ehdng md chda mdi ngoan </i>
<i>Co chdng md chda the gian sU ihu&ng </i>

Canh lupng nhu trdn ta cung gdp d nhimg
dinh khac. 6 dinh Phfl Lao. linh Bie Giang cd
nhflng ed gdi khda thin, hoac nhflng cd gai v^n
cao viy dd Id bd phin cin che diy, ngdi trdn
diu rdng hodc riu rdng cflng vdi ban trai. Hinh
tupng con rdng la lupng trung eho vua. Con gii
khda thdn ngdi trdn diu rdng Id mpt hdnh ddng
pham thupng cd y, bidu Id sy phan flng tao bao
eua ngudi ndng din ddi vdi thd lyc thdng tri.

Nhin rdng ra d cie nude ehiu Au cung vdy;

ndu ai da ddn bao lang Hermitage d thinh phd
Sanki Petersburg nudc Nga, ta se thiy ri't nhidu
biic lupng tac bdng da tring cae ed gii nim
<i>khoa Ihdn. Ddy Id mdt thdi V.y giai cip tu san </i>
dang ldn chdng lai tu ludng cua giai cip phong
kidn da ttoig vfli dip con ngudi trong ca mdt
ddm Irudng trung cd.

Ndi ldm lai, ngudi ndng ddn Vidt Nam vfla
li mdl nha kidn true, vfla l i mdt nhi didu khic
J l k^ thie lim hdn vd lri tud eua minh tao ra
nhflng dinh ling, mdt tie phdm nghd thuil
rfuydl vdi cua ling xa Vidt Nam nghin ndm

n hidn...^

H.V.K-N.D.K

<b>TUiiifiiTRnMriKJiff^r </b>

<b>TRANH DRN GIRN </b>

<b>DONG HO </b>

VOI DOI SONG

NONG THON

VIET NAM

v o THANH TRUNG

<i><b>LTS: iSa thing 6 vira gua, BO VHTTDL Oa ban </b></i>

<i><b>hinh vin bin %i 1586/BVHnDL - OSVH yiu ci'u </b></i>
<i><b>lip hi' so khoa hoc 12 dl sin phi vit th£ ii oua </b></i>
<b>vio danh muc dl sin vin hOa phi v||t th£ au(c </b>
<b>gia, tiin tOI di trinh ten UNESCO cdng nhin l i dl </b>
<b>sin vin hOa phi vit tftiS cda nhin ioai. Mot trong </b>
<b>so di l i nghi' lim tranh din giin DOng HO'. VHNT </b>
<i><b>glOl thiiu iin bin doc bii vl£t phin lich nhiing </b></i>
<b>i nghia lOn ciia dOng tranh die sac niy doi vdi </b>
<b>doi sO'ng tinh thin cOa nguill nong din Bjc Bt. </b>
<b>SO mal mil cHi nghi' lim tranh din gian DOng </b>
<b>HO' hOm nay l i h$ qui ciia nhle'u viin di' xa hOI, </b>
<b>vin hOa, tiong d i c i tftif nil, v^n di' cin bin l i </b>
<b>nhu ci'u thuOng thiic v i glil tri nghi thuit cua </b>
<b>ngilOl din hOm nay da khic xUi nhii'u. Tuy </b>
<b>nhiin, nhiing i nghii nhin bin ciia tranh thi </b>
<b>chic chin vin cOn nguyin ven v i gOp phin lim </b>
<b>giiu thim dOl stng tinh thin ciia con ngiliil bim </b>
<b>nay ni'u ching ta biit choi tranh ding nghia nhu </b>
<b>cha Ong xua. Tic gli bii viit i i mit nguarl con </b>
<b>ciia iing tranh niy. </b>

L

ang DOng H6 duac diln gian goi tSt l£l
<i>lang H6, xua c6 len \i. lang DOng </i>
Mai (hay lang Mai) thuOc t6ng H6,
huydn Sieu Loai, phu Thudn An, tr& Kinh Bae,
nay thuOc xa Song H6, huyen Thuan Thanh,
<i>tinh Bdc Ninh. Day la lang ngh^ c6 truydn n6i </i>
ti^ng 6 d6ng bang Bdc BO, mOt trong nhOng

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